jif{ %, c+s @#,

@)^* ;fn r}t !@ ut] cfOtaf/ (March 25, 2012)

d"No ?= &.

/fi6, /fli6otf / hgtf kf6L{eGbf dfly M j}B zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf lglDt ;+o'Qm df]rf{
sf7df8f}F . Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
sf jl/i7 pkfWoIf df]xg j}Bn] /fi6,
hgtf / /fli6otfeGbf dfly kf6L{
x'g g;Sg] atfPsf 5g\ . s0ff{nL ;+3if{
;ldltf/f cfof]lht s0ff{nLsf
d' 2 fx?df /fhgLlts bnx?sf]
b[li6sf]0f ljifos cGt/lqmofdf af]Nb}
pkfWoIf j}Bn] cfk"mx? kf6L{ km'6fpg
gnfu]sf] a? /fi6, /fli6otf /
hgtfnfO{ kf6L{eGbf dfly /fVg
vf]h]sf] atfP . /fli6otf, hgtGq
/ hghLljsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{
kf6L{nfO{ k|of]u ug'{kg]{df kf6L{ut
:jfy{ s f nflu /fli6 o dxTjsf

hg;+ljwfgsf] nflu ;+3if{sf] 3f]if0ff

sf7df8f}F . tf]lsPsf] ;do cyf{t\
cfufdL h]7 !$ ut] hg;+ljwfg gcfpg]
lglZrt ePkl5 PsLs[t g]skf

k"0f{tf kfpg'kg]{ dfGotf;lxt PsLs[t

dfcf]jfbLsf] df]xg j}B ;d"x, g]skf
dfcf]jfbL, qmflGtsf/L g]kfnnufotsf !@

;Dd]ng u/L ;+oS' t df]rf{n] cfGbf]ngsf

sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;+oS' t
/fli6o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt, g]kfnn]

cfTdlg0f{ o sf] clwsf/;lxtsf]

hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug],{ dxFuL, s[lqd
cefj, e|i6frf/lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{n] ufotsf

dfcf]jfbLsf ;lrj ;LkL uh'/n

] sf]
;+of]hsTjdf !@ ;b:oLo ;+oQ' m /fli6o
hg;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf zflGt / ;+ljwfgn]

/fhgLlts bnx?n] /fli6otf, hg;+ljwfg

/ hghLljsfsf] nflu cfGbf]ng cl3
a9fpg ;+oS' t df]rf{sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
hdnl:yt /fli6o gfr3/df kqsf/

3f]if0ff u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdcg';f/

c;dfg ;lGw ;Demf}tf vf/]hLsf] dfu
ub}{ hnfpg], ;Ldf cltqmd0fsf] lj/f]w /
e08fkmf]/ ug]{, u0ftGq, ;+3Lotf,

ljifo ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ;ldltn] xfnnfO{

r}q, j}zfv / h]i7 u/L tLg dlxg]
;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ngdf r}q dlxgfsf] sfo{qmd
-afF s L & k] h df_

ljifox? cf]em]ndf kfg{ vf]Hg' hfoh

gx'g] pgsf] egfO lyof] . pgn] kf6L{sf]
-afF s L & k] h df_

;/sf/ e|i6frf/df lnKt M lu/L

sf7df8f}F . ;b\efjgf cfgGbb]jL
kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/df k|ltlglwTj
ug{] ;l/tf lu/LnfO{ k|wfgdGqLn] >d
tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqLaf6
avf{:t u/] nuQ} ;Defjgf kf6L{
cfgGbb] j Ln] ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf]
;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPsf] 5 . k6sk6s
/fhLgfdf dfGbf klg c6]/ u/]sf] eGb}
k|wfgdGqL 8fS6/ afa'/fd e/fO{n]
lu/LnfO{ z'qmaf/ laxfg kbd'St
u/]sf lyP . z'qmaf/} sf7df8f}Fdf
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ ;Defjgf kf6L{
cfgGbL b] j LsL cWoIf lu/Ln]
;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{
lnPsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sL x'g\ . kqsf/
;Dd] n gdf cWoIf lu/Ln]
sd{ r f/LtGqsf] hfnf] d f k/L

sf7df8f}+ pkTosf gu/ljsf; ;ldlt lj36g x'g]

k|wfgdGqLn] cfk"mnfO{ avf{:t u/]sf]
lhls/ ul/g\ . ljgfsf/0f k|wfgGqLn]
-afF s L & k] h df_

ljdfg:ynaf6 k'/fgf 6\ofS;L x6fOg]

sf7df8f}F . @) jif{eGbf k'/fgf /
c;'ljwfo'St k'/fgf 6\ofS;L lj:yfkg
ug{ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yndf
gofF 6\ofS;L ;~rfng ug{ 6]G8/
cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 . xfn ;~rfngdf
/x]sf xl/of] gDa/ Kn]6sf ko{6s
6\ofS;L lj:yfkg ug{ Joj:yfkgn]
6] G 8/ cfXjfg u/] s f] xf] .
ljdfg:ynsf
dxfk| a Gws
/lQzrGb|nfn ;'dgsf cg';f/ k6s
k6ssf] 5nkmnkl5 gofF 6\ofS;L
;~rfngsf nflu 6]G8/ cfXjfg ug{
k'u]sf xf] . OR5's sDkgLn] cfj]bg
lbg ;Sg]5g\, ;'dgn] eg] . pgsf
cg';f/ clwstd kfFr jif{;Dd ;]jf
;~rfngsf] cg'ej, Ps xhf/ ;L;L
Ifdtf / ko{6sLo ;'ljwf:t/sf

g]kfnL 6\ofS;L sDkgLn] 6]G8/df

;xefuL x'g kfpg]5 . Go"gtd kfFr
jif{sf nflu 5gf]6df kg]{ 6\ofS;L
sDkgLn] tLg ;oj6f 6\ o fS;L
;~rfng ug{k' g]{ u/L 6]G8/ cfXjfgsf]
ePsf] 5, ;' d gn] :ki6 kf/] .
ljdfg:ynsf] :t/ pGgltsf nflu
Joj:yfkgn] kmf]/ 6L -6\ofS;L,
6\jfOn]6, 6]lnkmf]g, 6nL_ ;]jfnfO{
r':tb'?:t kfg]{ of]hgf agfPsf] pgn]
atfP . ljdfg:ynn] kmf]/ 6L ;]jf
r':tb'?:t ug{ g;Sbf cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:ynsf] cfnf]rgf x'Fb} cfPsf]
5 . ly| 6L cGtu{t 6nL, 6]lnkmf]g
/ 6\jfOn]6df klg ;'wf/ cfO;s]sf]
5, gofF 6\ofS;L ;~rfng;Fu} d]/f]
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . sf7df8f}F pkTosf

gu/ljsf; ;ldlt lj36g x'g] ePsf]
5 . cfufdL j} z fv ! ut] b ] l v
sf7df8f}F pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f
P] g @)$% nfu" x' g ] ePkl5
gu/ljsf; ;ldltn] ub}{ cfPsf] sfd
sf7df8f}F pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0fn]
ug]{5 . ef}lts, of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f
dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g x'g] pSt
;ldltsf] ;b:odf oftfoft, ko{6g
/ lzIffdGqL tyf ef}lts dGqfnosf
/fHodGqL /xg]5g . /fli6o of]hgf
cfof]u, cy{, ef}lts, e"ld;'wf/, jg,
;~rf/ / :jfYo dGqfnosf
;lrj;d]t ;ldltdf ;b:o /xg]
5g\ . ;ldltdf sf7df8f}F, eStk? /
nlntk'/ lhlj;sf ;efkltsf ;fy}
sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf, eStk'/ /
nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|dv
'
/xg]5g\ . ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;lrjdf
ljsf; cfo'St /xg] P]gdf pNn]v

5 . k| f lws/0fsf] sfdsf/afxL,
;~rfng, /]vb]v / Joj:yfkgsf
nflu ljsf; cfo'Stsf] cWoIftfdf
;~rfns ;ldlt u7g ul/g]
dGqfnosf sfg'g pk;lrj /fh]Gb|
g]kfnn] atfP . pSt ;ldltsf]
;b:odf sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf,
nlntk' /
/
eStk' /
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|dv
' /xg]5g\ .
To;}u/L ejg ljefu, k'/ftTj, ;8s,
gfkL, ko{6g, cfjf; tyf zx/L
ljsf; ljefu, vfg]kfgL tyf 9n
ljsf; ;+ : yfg, g] k fn ljB' t \
k|flws/0f, kmf]xf]/ d}nf k|aGw tyf
;|ft] kl/rfng s]Gb|, u'7L ;+:yfg /
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgsf sf7df8f}F
pkTosf x]g]{ k|dv
' x ;b:o /xg]
P]gdf Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n] cfjZos
b]vd] f g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/]/ cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df ;b:o
yk36 ug{;Sg] g]kfnn] hfgsf/L

lbP . k|flws/0fn] g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu

;Dks{ /fVbf ef}lts of]hgf tyf
lgdf{0f dGqfnodfkm{t\ /fVg'kg]{5,
P]gdf elgPsf] 5 . pSt P]gsf]
cwLgdf /x]/ sf7df8f}F pkTosf
ljsf; k|flws/0f lgodfjnL @)^*
;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] gu/
ljsf; ;ldltsf gu/lgof] h s
;x;lrj txsf sd{ r f/L 5g\ .
k|flws/0fnfO{ of]hgf lgdf{0fnufotsf
sfddf gu/ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ eGbf
a9L clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5, l;6f}nfn]
eg] . ;ldltn] o;cl3 pmhf{
dGqfnonfO{ 5fglag gu/L sfd
cufl8 ga9fpg lgb]{zg lbPsf]
lyof] . ;ldltn] cfof]hgf lgdf0f{ sfo{
/f]Sg xf]Og, 5'6k'6 / yk ;'wf/ ug{k' g]{
ljifodf ;'emfj lbg] cfzdf 5f}F pmhf{
dGqfnosf Ps clwsf/Ln] eg] .
5'6]sf ljifonfO{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
-afF s L & k] h df_

/fli6 o
:jfwLgtf;lxtsf]
;fj{ e f} d ;+ l jwfg
aGg' k g] { d f u8a9L
b] l vPkl5
cfGbf] n gdf pqg'
k/]sf] xf]

lj:t[t k]h # df

;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if lgb]{lzsf NofOg] k|wgdGqLsf s'/f=== aunLdf 5'/f

sf7df8f}F . wtf]kq af]8n
{ ] ;fd"lxs
nufgL sf]if lgb{l] zsf hf/L ug{] ePsf]
5 . a}+sxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] sf]if
lgb]l{ zsf geO{ ;~rfngdf Nofpg
g;lsg] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ rfF8} hf/L
ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . sf] i f
;~rfng;DaGwL k|lqmof lgb]{lzdf
tf]lsg] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ tTsfn
Nofpg'kg]{ eP klg af]8n
{ ] l9nfO{ ub}{
cfPsf] lyof] . af]8s
{ f lgb]z
{ s lg/h
lu/Ln] eg] s]xL lbgdf g} lgb]l{ zsf
hf/L x'G5 ;~rfns ;ldltaf6
kfl/t u/L sf] i f ;~rfngsf]
jftfj/0f agfpg] 5f}F . cl3Nnf]
cWoIfsf] sfo{sfndf g} lgb]{lzsfsf]
vfsf tof/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . af]8{n]
hf/L u/]sf] ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if
lgodfjnLadf]lhd rf/ a}+sn] sf]if
:yfkgfsf nflu af]8{sf cfj]bg
lbPsf 5g\ . gljn, OGe]:6d]G6

a}lsn] ;fd"lxs nufgL sf]if Do'rcn km08_ btf{ ePkl5 sf]if

Joj:yfks / l8kf]lh6/Lsf] nfO;]G;
dfUb} af]8{sf cfj]bg u/]sf] 5 .
lgb] { l zsf hf/L ePkl5 km08
;~rfngdf Nofpg ;lsg] 5
OGe]i6d]G6sf k|dv
' sfo{sf/L clws[t
k|lj0f k/fh'nLn] eg] . lgb]l{ zsf hf/L
ePdf sf]if ;~rfng x'g] cj:yfdf
k'Ug]5 . l;4fy{ a}s
+ n] klg l;4fy{
Do'r'cn km08 btf{ ul/;s]sf] 5 .
o;;Fu} l;4fy{n] klg sf]if Joj:yfks
/ l8kf]lh6/Lsf] nfO;]G;sf nflu
af]8{df cfj]bg ug{ u[xsfo{sf 5g\ .
o:tf] sDkgLsf] r'Stfk'h
F L !) s/f]8
k}ofF /flvPsf] 5 . sDkgLdf l;4fy{
a}+ssf] %! k|ltzt ;]o/ 5 . afFsL
$( k|ltzt ;]o/ a}s
+ sf k|j4{sn]
lnPsf 5g\ . c? b'O{ PgPdaL a}+s,
nIdL a}s
+ n] klg sf]if :yfkgfsf nflu

af]8{sf cfj]bg lbPsf 5g\ . oL

a}s
+ nfO{ sf]if :yfkgfsf] :jLs[lt lbg]
cfj]bg af]8{n] cWoog ul//x]sf] 5
lu/Ln] eg] . lgodfjnLdf Ps ca{
r'Stf k'h
F L ePsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
km08 :yfkgf ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
p2]Zocg'ksf] Joj;fo ;~rfng
u/]sf] kfFr jif{ k"/f ePsf] ;+:yfn]
dfq sf]if :yfkgf ug{ kfpF5g\ . of]
k| f jwfgadf] l hd clxn] jfl0fHo
a}+sx dfq sf]if :yfkgfsf nflu
cufl8 b] l vPsf x' g \ . sf] i fn]
;j{ ; fwf/0fsf nflu !) k} o fF
k|ltlsQf ;]o/ h:t} OsfO{ hf/L
ug]{5 . of] OsfO{af6 ;+slnt /sd
;] o / ahf/df nufgL ug] { 5 .
k| f ylds ;] o /, bf] ; | f ] ahf/ /
C0fkqdf sf]ifn] nufgL ug{ kfpg]5 .
sf]ifn] lglZrt ;dofjlw tf]s]/
-afF s L & k] h df_

@)^* ;fn ebf} !@ ut] g]kfnsf]

#^ cf}F k|wfgdGqL kbdf 8fS6/
afa'/fd e/fO{ kbf;Lg x'bF fsf] avt
cfd;j{;fwf/0fn] /fd /fHo h:t}
kl/sNkgf u/]/ ljleGg :yfgdf
bLkfjnL, gfrufg ub}{ sfo{sfn
;kmntfsf] sfdgf u/]sf lyP . gofF
g]kfnsf] d'xf/ km]l/g] eof] eGg]df
nueu k|foM 9'Ss b]lvGy] . cfgf]

;j{xf/fju{sf] pTyfg ug{sf lglDt

/fhgLlts cfwf/dfkm{ t \ g] k fnL
hgtfdfem pbfpg' ePsf, ;dfhsf
x/]s tx tKsf ju{ljz]ifaf6 a9L
?lrdf kg{ ;kmn ;/n, Odfgbf/
k| v / JolStTjsf wgL d' n ' s sf]
sfo{sf/L k|d'v aGbf hf]sf]xL v'zL
gx'g] s'/} ePg t/ Tof] v'zL w]/}
;do l6Sg eg] ;s]g If0f e/d} lgd]if

If]Kof:q ax;
5qaxfb'/ d}gfnL

bnafx]s cGo bn;d]tn] ;d]t

k| T oIfck| T oIf kdf ;dy{ g
hgfPsf] cj:yf lyof] . ljutdf
cy{dGqL 5Fbf sdfPsf] nf]slk|otf,
;/n hLjg af}l4s :t/df cfgf]
x}l;ot /fVg' x'g], ul/a lbg b'MvL

x'g k'Uof] . em'Ns] 3fd h:t} laxfg

pbfof] ;fFem c:tfPh:t} eof] . lxhf]
v'zLn] ub\ub\ ePsf cg'xf/df cfh
sfnf] afbnsf] 5fofF d8fl//x]sf] 5,
d'n's cem} clglZrt\ eljiosf]
af6f]tkm{ nDsL /x]sf] 5 . cu'N6f]n]

xfg]sf] s's/' lah'nL rDsFbf tl;{G5

eGg] pvfg ;/sf/sf] ultljlwn]
rl/tfy{ ul/lbPsf] 5 . hgtf
;/sf/sf] lqmofsnfkk|lt em:sg
yfn]sf 5g\ h'g hf]uL cfP kgL
sfg} lr/]sf] . ljz]if0fn] of] ;/sf/nfO{
klg lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5, cfdhgtfn]
u/]sf] cfzf / e/f]iffdfly t'iff/fkft
ePsf] 5 eg] g] k fnsf] 5lj
cGt/f{li6o:t/df lbgk|ltlbg lub}{
uO/x] s f] 5 . g] k fnsf] sdhf] /
s'6gLlts sfo{bIftfn] ubf{ cfh
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] lz/ lgx'l/g
k'u]sf] 5 . ut k'; #) ut] tbg';f/
!$ hgj/L @)!@ df l5d]sL d'ns
'
rLgsf k|wfgdGqL j]glhof afcf]sf]
sl/a % 306fsf] g]kfn e|d0fn] g}
xfd|f] s'6gLlts bIftfdfly k|Zg
p7fpg] dfu{ k|z:t ul/lbPsf] 5 .
-afF s L & k] h df_

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

jif{ %, c+s @#
@#,, r}t !@ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^
@)^**

 ;DkfbsLo

/fi63ftL e'm08nfO{ sf/jfxL u/

cfufdL @)^( j}zfv !^ ut] to ePsf] /fi6;3+ sf
dxf;lrj jfgsL d'gsf] g]kfn e|d0f s]xL JolQmx?sf]
u2f/L:j?k :ylut x'g uPsf] 5 . /fi6;3+ sf dxf;lrj
g]kfn cfpg] ltlyldlt;d]t lglZrt eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf
s]xL lgn{Hh JolQmx?sf] xs{tsf sf/0f /f]lsg' lgGbgLo
s'/f xf] . cfk"mnfO{ /fi6sf] gful/s cu'jf eGg ?rfpg]
/ ;+oQ
' m /fi6;3+ sf k"jh
{ flu/];d]t /x]sf oL e'm08x?af6
ePsf] xs{tn] /fi6sf] lz/ lgx'/fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .
/fi6;3+ sf dxf;lrj g]kfn cfpFbf s'g} bn ljz]ifsf]
prfO a9\g] eGb e|d0f /2 u/fpg sDe/ s;]/ nfUg]
o:tf e'm08x?sf] sf/0f g]kfn k6sk6s ckdflgt
x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . oL e'm08x?n] cfgf] JolQmut :jfy{sf
nflu /fi6 / /fli6otfdfly 3ft ub}{ l;f] b]znfO{
c;kmntfsf] af6f]tkm{ ws]Nb} b]znfO{ nHhf:kb t
agfPs} 5g\ / s"6gLlts c;kmntfsf] af6f]df klg
ws]ln/x]sf 5g\ . oL e'm08x? b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{
hfg glbg] / efjL ;+ljwfgsf cGt/j:t'x?nfO{
cu|ufdL x'g glbg] uDeL/ if8\oGq klg ;fd]n eO/x]sf]
s'/f s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . o:tf e'm08x?s} sf/0f
g]kfn k6sk6s cGt/f{li6o:t/df a]OHht x'g k'us
] f]
5 eg] b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg] sfddf log} e'm08x?n]
ljleGg afwfJojwfg l;h{gf ug],{ cGt/f{li6o hut\df
g]kfnlj?4 ljleGg e|dx? 5g]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o;n] b]znfO{ tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg?kdf uDeL/
c;/ / Iflt k'ofpg] 5 eg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cu|udgsf]
rfxgfdfly uDeL/ v]naf8 klg u/]sf] 5 . t;y{,
;/sf/n] /fi6 / /fli6otfdfly b]z leq / b]z aflx/
ul/g] o:tf e'm08x?sf] ultljlwx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
pgLx?dfly lgu/fgL /fVg'k5{ . cfk\mgf] b]z lj?4
cGt/f{li6o hut\df e|d km}nfP/ b]zsf] OHht,
k|lti7fdfly cfFr k'ofpg] o:tf e'm08x?nfO{ a]nd} f
tx nufpg ;/sf/ kl5 x6\g' x'bF g} . o:tf e'm08?s}
sf/0f g]kfn cGt/f{li6o hut\af6 a]OHht x'g' s'g}
klg :jfledfgL g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ :jLsfo{ 5}g / x'bF g}
klg . To;sf/0f ;/sf/n] o:tf e'm08x?nfO{ a]nd} f
;r]t kfb}{ lgoGq0f u/f];,\ cGoyf hgtf r'k nfUg]5g} ,
r]tgf eof .

b]zdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yf /

ljsf; ;a} g]kfnLxsf] rfxgf
xf] . o;k|lt k|lta4 x'g'
g]kfnLxsf] st{Jo xf] .
g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

;+3Lotfsf] k|Zg

ut @)^% ;fn h]7 !% ut]

;DkGg ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn]
@$) jif{ ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo
u/]/ u0ftGq 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 g]kfnn]
gofF o'udf k|j]z uof] . bzjif{
hgo' 4 / !( lbg] P] l txfl;s
hgcfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s pknlAw
lyof] of] . kmntM g]kfn clxn] Ps
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds
/fHosf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g k'u]sf]
5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#
sf] k|:tfjgfdf g} g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo ePsf]
3f]if0ff ub{5 eGg] pNn]v 5 . k'/fgf]
/fHo k|0ffnLsf] cGTo u/]/ gofF /fHo
k| 0 ffnL :yflkt ug] { cj:yfdf
cfO;s]kl5 d'n'ssf] gofF /fHo
k|0ffnL s:tf] sfod ug]{, /fHosf]
9fFrf s:tf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ / /fHosf]
zf;sLo :j?k s'g k|sf/sf] lgwf{/0f
ug]{ eGg]af/]df /fhgLlts zlStx?sf
;fd' Pp6f hl6n k|Zg v8f x'g
k'Ub5 . bzjif{ hgo'4 / !( lbg]
P] l txfl;s hgcfGbf] n gsf]
;kmntfsf] k|d'v pknlAwsf ?kdf
/fHosf] cu| u fdL k' g ;{ + / rgf,
;+3Lotf, wd{lg/k]Iftf, ;dfg'kflts
lgjf{ r g k| 0 ffnL cflbnfO{ lng
;lsG5 . ;fy} dlxnf, blnt, dw];L,
d'l:nd / If]qLo cflb lje]bnfO{ cGTo
u/L ;dtfd"ns g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
;+/rgf ug{] s'/fnfO{ :yflkt u/]sf]
5 sl/a @$) jif{ klxn]bl] v g]kfndf
PsLs[t / PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnL
sfod /xFb} cfPsf] xf] . kl/0ffd:j?k
/fhwfgL sf7df8f}Faf6 dfq zf;g
ug{] s]lGb|s[t zf;g k|0ffnL sfod
lyof] . lgb{ n Lo k~rfotL
zf;gsfndf ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] zf;g
k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg
zf;g k|zf;g rnfpg] ;jfndf s'g}

tftf] ax;
x:taxfb' / s] ; L
kl/jt{g cfPg . !$ c~rn, &%
lhNnf / sl/a rf/ xhf/ uflj;sf]
Joj:yf u/] / If] q Lo ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ff NofOPsf] eP klg s]lGb|st[
zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ sfod} /fVb} cfPsf
sf/0f ;du| d'ns
' sf] If]qLo ;Gt'ng
/ ;f]xL cg'?ksf] ;dfg ljsf; x'g
;s]g / d'n's k5f}6] / cljsl;t
cj:yfd} /xg afWo eof] . To;n]
;du| /fi6sf] / cfdg]kfnL hgtfsf
aLrdf ;dfg cS;/ k|bfg ug{] /
;dfg ljsf; ug{ ;s]g . plNnlvt
;kmn cfGbf]ngn] o'uf}bF l] v sfod /xFb}
cfPsf] PsLs[t / PsfTds zf;g
k|0ffnLsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] cu|ufdL
k'g;{/+ rgf u/]/ hftLo, juL{o, lnLo,
If]qLonufot ;a}vfn] lje]bsf] cGTo
u/L hgtfn] cfkm}Fn] k|ToIf ?kdf
cfgf] zf;g cfkm}Fn] ug{ kfpg], ;a}
hflt, hghflt, ju{ / ;d'bfosf]
cu|flwsf/;lxt :jfoQ u0f/fHox?
lgdf{0f;lxtsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds
/fHoJoj:yf ;~rfng ug]{ cj;/
k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
dflysf pknlAwnfO{ gofF aGg]
;+ljwfgdf lnlka4 ug{] p2]Zon]
;+ l jwfg;efn] /fHo k' g ;{ + / rgf
;ldltsf] Joj:yf klg uof] . To;n]
b]zJofkL?kdf hgtfsf] cledt klg
;ng uof] . ;+ljwfg;efn] /fHo
k'g;{/+ rgf ;'emfj cfof]u klg u7g
uof] . To;n] klg /fHosf]
k'g;{+/rgf;DaGwL cfgf] ;'emfj
k|ltj]bg ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ a'emfO;s]sf]
5 . /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf ;ldlt / ;'emfj
cfof]un] ;+3Lo g]kfndf sltj6f

u0f/fHo lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]

:ki6 wf/0ff klg k]; ul/;s]sf] 5 .
olt sfo{ k"/f eP/ klg gofF ;+ljwfg
3f]if0ff ug{ lbg glhlsFb} ubf{;Dd
7" n f] /fhgLlts bnx? cyf{ t \
Pdfcf]jfbL, sfFu;
]| / Pdfn]sf aLrdf
/fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf s;/L
/ s'g cfwf/df ug{, sltj6f :jfoQ
u0f/fHosf] lgdf{ 0 f ug{ ] /
u0f/fHox?sf] :j?k / 9fFrf hftLo
x'g] ls ef}uf]lns of cGo tl/sfsf
x'g] eGg] af/]df ljjfb r'lnFb} uPsf]
5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] !@ j6f k"0f{ /
b'Oj{ 6f pk/fHo u/L !$ j6f hftLo
u0f/fHosf] lgdf{0f x'gk' g]{ wf/0ff kf6L{sf]
cflwsf/Ls lg0f{o;lxt cufl8 ;fb}{
cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu;
]| n] ^& j6f
ef}uf]lns /fHox? agfpg] k|Zg
p7fpFb} cfPsf] 5 eg] Pdfn]n] ljleGg
hftLo /fHosf] tLj| lj/f]w xF'b}
cfO/x]sf] 5 / sltj6f / s'g
:j?ksf ef}uf]lns jf hftLo s'g
/fHo agfpg] eGg] af/]df 7f]; lg0f{odf
k' U g ;s] s f] 5} g . /fli6 o
hgdf]rf{;d]tsf s]xL ;fgf bnn]
klxnfb]lv g} ;+3Lotfsf] lj/f]w ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . clxn] 7"nf] /fhgLlts
bn Pdfcf]jfbL, sfFu;] | / Pdfn]sf aLrdf
;d]t /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf / ;+3Lotfsf
ljifodf ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLn] ;+3Lotf, /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf
/ hftLo cu| f lwsf/;lxtsf
u0f/fHox?sf] cjwf/0ff bz jif{
hgo'4sfnb]lv g} cufl8 ;fb}{ cfPsf]
xf] . of] p;sf] bL3{sfnLg nIo geP/

cNksfnLg nIo dfq xf] . Pdfcf]jfbLsf]

bL3{sfnLg nIo t juL{o d'lSt
cfGbf]ng g} xf] . sfFu;] | , Pdfn]nufotsf
;+;b\jfbL bnn] !@ a'bF ] ;dembf/Lkl5
dfq ;+3Lotf / /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgfsf]
ljifonfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ k'us
] f x'g\ .
g]kfn Pp6f ax'hftLo / ax'eflifs
d'ns
' xf] . oxfF !)# hghflt 5g\
eg] sl/a #%#^ j6f efiff k|rngdf
5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] ljljwtfo'St
g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ Pstfsf] Pp6}
wfuf]df pbfpg] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f
ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] s]xL cjlwsf nflu
hftLo :jzf;g;lxtsf] ;+ 3 Lo
u0ftGqfTds g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{' g}
;a}eGbf pko'St x'G5 t/ hftLo
/fHo lbg] xf] eg] ;fd'bflos bf
e8\lsG5 / d'ns
' df u[xo'4 rNg] /
/fi6 g} ljvl08t x'g;S5 eGg] ts{
klg cufl8 ;f/] s f] kfOG5 .
Joj:yfkg kIf sdhf]/ eof] eg] Tof]
;Defjgf klg /xG5, t/ ;a}nfO{
hftLo cu|flwsf/ k|bfg ug{] xf] eg]
Tof] vt/faf6 d'n'snfO{ hf]ufpg
;lsG5 . o'uf}Fb]lv k5fl8 kfl/Psf
/ k5fl8 kb}{ cfPsf / /fHosf]
kx' F r ;Dd k' U g gkfPsf hflt,
hghflt, cNk;+Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v hflt
;d'bfo, dlxnf, dw];L, d'l:nd tyf
lk5l8Psf] If]qnfO{ ;d]t /fHosf]
dflyNnf] kx'r
F df k'Ug] cj;/ k|bfg
ug{ s f nflu hftLo :jfoQ
u0f/fHo;lxtsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds
g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . o'uf}bF l] v
sfod /xFb} cfPsf] PsfTds tyf
PsLs[t zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ cGTo u/L
:yfgLo :t/af6} g]kfnL hgtf :jo+n]
cfgf] zf;g cfkm}n
F ] ug{ kfpg] u/L
/fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf ug{k' g]{ ePsfn]
bnx?aLrsf] ;xdlt emg} cfjZos
x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

;8s lj:tf/sf] gfddf sdfpwGbf vfg] xf] cli6rsf] df;' <

sf7df8f}F . sf7df8f}F pkTosf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf lgof]hs
efOsfhL ltjf/Ln] pkTosfsf Psyl/
lgjf;LnfO{ ;'s'daf;L agfpg] /
csf{yl/ lgjf;L;Fu} cfk"m klg dfnfdfn
x'g] cleofg ;~rfng ul//fv]sf 5g\ .
hnL xfQLsf] cft+ssf] z}nLdf
lgof]hs ltjf/Ln] of] cleofg ;~rfng
ul//fv]sf x'g\ / cfgf] lghL :jfy{;uF }

s]xL JolQmsf] :jfy{kl" t{ ug{sf lglDt

pgn] ;/sf/L ;|f]t / ;fwgf/f
JolQmsf] lghL 3/, ;DklQdfly wfjf
af]Ng] tyf cfqmd0f ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfPsf
5g\ . uf]/6] f] af6f]af6 lj:tf/ u/]/
;8s dfu{ agfpg] gfddf of] cft+s
eO/fv] s f] 5 . d" n ;8s /
/fhdfu{nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ ;/sf/sf] gLlt
b'kof]u u/]/ pkTosf gu/ ljsf;
;ldltsf lgof] h s ltjf/Ln]
uNnLleqsf uf]/6] f]df af6f];d]t s]xL
:yfgLo JolQmxaf6 k|fKt u/]sf]
cfly{s nfesf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;8s
lj:tf/ ug] { gfddf ax' ; + V os
:yfgLoaf;Lsf] 3/x eTsfpg] sfd
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o; ;aGwdf
nlntk' / k' g /fj] b g cbfntn]
sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+=

( sf] lsQf g+= @#& / @#* df ag]sf

3/x geTsfpg sf7df8f}F pkTosf
gu/ ljsf;sf gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z
hf/L ul/;s]sf] 5 .
;8s lj:tf/ @)## sf]
dfkb08cg';f/ eP :yfgLo afl;Gbfn]
:jLsf/]sf lyP t/ To;f] geP/ ;Lldt
JolQmn] kf/]sf] nf]edf k/L uf]/6] f] af6f]sf]
dfkb08cg';f/ gu/L d"n af6f]sf]
dfkb08cg';f/ ub}{ sfg'g;Ddt ag]sf]
3/df /ftf] lrXg nufpg lgb]z
{ g
lbPsf 5g\ . ;8s lj:tf/sf] gfddf
JolQmsf] lghL ;DklQ 3/hUufdfly
cfly{s :jfy{af6 k|l] /t eP/ pkTosf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf lgof]hs
efOsfhL ltjf/Ln] ;/sf/n] cjnDag
u/]sf] d"n ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ gLltsf]
b'?kof]u u/]/ gff] e|i6frf/ ul//xFbf
clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
eg] d"sbz{s ePsf]df ;a}n] cfZro{
JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] To; If]qsf]
uf]/6] f] af6f]nfO{ lj:tf/ u/]/ bf]xf]/f] df]6/
u'8g\ ] u/L ;8s agfpg cfjZos
dx;'; u/]sf] xf] eg] hUufk|lKt P]g
@)#$ cg';f/ pQm hUufxsf]
k| f ljlws kdf d" N of+ s g u/] /
hUufwgLnfO{ d'cfAhf lbP/ cfgf]
cfjZostfcg';f/ pkof]u ug'k{ 5{ eGg]
cfdhgtfsf] egfO/x]sf] 5 . gu/
ljsf; lgb]l{ zsf cg';f/ &% k|ltzt
:yfgLo hUufwgL / pkef]Qmfn] dfu
u/]sf ;8s lj:tf/nufotsf cGo
lgdf{0f sfd ;/sf/sf] ;d]t ;xof]udf
;DkGg ug]{ pNn]v 5 . t/, sf7df8f}F
dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= ( sf lsQf
g+= @#&*, @#* / @^* sf pkef]Qmf
tyf :yfgLoaf;LdWo] #% 3/ kl/jf/n]
pQm uf]/6] f] af6f]nfO{ lj:tf/ u/]/ ;8s
agfpg cfjZos gePsf] Joxf]/f
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lgj]bgdfkm{t\
hfgsf/L u/fO;s]sf 5g\ . :d/0f/xf];\
lsQf g+= @#&, @#* / @^* df nueu
%) 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

sf7df8f} F . kGb] x Ldf kmfd{

rnfO{ Joj;flos kdf kfNg
yflnPsf] cl:6 r r/fsf] df;'
sf7df8f}Fd} pknAw x'g] ePsf] 5 .
af];f] sd x'g] cl:6rsf] df;' clxn]
a'6jnsf] Ps k;ndfkm{t laqmL ub}{
cfPsf cl:6r g]kfnn] b/af/ dfu{sf
/]:6'/G] 6 vf]n/] df;' a]Rg nfu]sf] xf] .
s]xL lbgdf g} /]:6'/]G6 ;~rfngdf
cfpg] 5, sDkgLsf k|aGw lgb]{zs
l;kL zdf{n] eg], s]xL nufgLstf{sf]
;fem]bf/Ldf cl:6rsf] df;'sf kl/sf/
/ sfF r } df;' laqmL ug{ ] 7fpF
lnO;lsPsf 5f}F . pgn] w]/} 7fpFaf6
laqmL ug{] clxn] r/fsf] ;+Vof w]/}
agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g, clxn];Dd
sl/a @) r/f laqmL eO;s]sf]
zdf{n] eg]F . cl:6rsf] df;'sf] efp
clxn] k|lts]hL b'O{ xhf/ k}ofF 5 .
Pp6f c08fsf] d"No tLg xhf/ k}ofF
tf]lsPsf] 5 . s]xL jif{df r/fsf]
;+Vof a9]kl5 efp 36\5, zdf{n]
eg] . v;L / s'v/' fsf] t'ngfdf o;sf]
df;' :j:ys/ /x]sfn] ahf/ :jtM
a9\g] pgsf] ck]Iff 5 . tLg jif{cl3
zdf{ n ] kGb] x Ldf klxnf] k6s
cl:6rsf Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o c08f
NofP/ b'O{ ;o rNnf lgsfn]sf lyP .
rNnf pTkfbg yf]/} ePkl5 pgn]
c:6]lnofaf6 rNn} lemsfP . clxn]
r/fx @$ dlxgfsf ePsf 5g\ .
kf]yL cl:6r kl/kSj eP/ b'O{ jif{df
c08f lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . efn] kl/kSj
x'g cem} Ps jif{ afFsL 5 . efn]
nfu]sf] c08f pTkfbg x'g yfn]kl5
k|ltc08f tLg ;o cd]l/sL 8n/df
ljb]z lgof{t ug{ ;lsG5, zdf{n]
eg] . clxn] kf]yL r/fn] lbPsf]
;fdfGo c08f ;:tf] b/df g]kfnL
ahf/df laqmL ul/Psf] pgn] hgfP .
clxn];Dd kmfd{sf nflu $) s/f]8

nufgL eO;s]sf] pgL atfpF5g\ .

kmfd{sf nflu hf]8s
] f] hUuf lwtf] /fv]/
a}s
+ af6 s]xL shf{;d]t lnPsf 5g\ .
cl:6r kmfd{ lwtf] /fv]/ a}+sxn]
shf{ glbPsf] pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . clxn]
pgsf] kmfd{df Ps xhf/ r/f 5g\ .
o;} jif{ o;sf] ;+Vof Ps xhf/ kfFr
;o k'ofpg] of]hgf 5 . cfufdL tLg
jif{df kmfd{df Ps nfv r/f x'g] zdf{
atfpF5g\ . cfufdL jif{ !) xhf/
rNnf yKg] 5', pgn] eg] . c08faf6
r/f pTkfbg sd ePsf] / dxFuf]
klg ePsfn] rNnf g} cfoft ug]{
of]hgf agfOPsf] xf] . Pp6f rNnf
ljb]zaf6 cfoft ubf{ #%$) xhf/
k}ofF kg]{ eP klg rNn} Nofpg] of]hgf
pgn] agfPsf 5g\ . clxn] kmfd{df
c:6 ] l nof, kfr' { u n, cd] l /sf /
clk|msfsf r/f 5g\ . oL r/fsf]
vfGsLsf nflu 3fF;sf] aLp;d]t
ljb]zaf6} NofOPsf] 5 . kmfd{sf]
hUuf;Fu} glhssf ls;fgnfO{ 3fF;sf]
aLp ljt/0f u/L pgLx;Fu vl/b
ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . kmfd{ #) la3f
hldgdf km}lnPsf] 5 . ls;fg;Fu
k|lts]hL rf/ k}ofFdf 3fF; lsg]sf]
5', zdf{n] eg], 3fF;sf] nfut
k|lts]hL !! k}ofF;Dd k'U5 .
sl7gfO ;x]/ klg of]hgf ;kmn x'gd] f
pgL ljZj:t 5g\ . clxn] nufgL
h'6fpg] / nfut a9\g] tgfj eP
klg r/f kfng ;kmn agfpF5',
zdf{n] eg] . cl:6r x]g{ rfxg]
ko{6ssf nflu pgn] !)) k}ofF
z'Ns tf]s]sf 5g\ . of] /sd /fdk'/
SofDk;df cl:6rdf ljBfjfl/lw ug]{
ljBfyL{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ sf]if g}
v8f ul/Psf] 5 . of] r/fsf] 1fg
/fVg] hgzlSt lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu
ko{6s;Fu z'Ns lnP/ sf]if v8f
ul/Psf] pgL atfpF5g\ .

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

/fli6o :jfwLgtf;lxtsf] ;fj{ef}d

;+ljwfg aGg'kg]{df u8a9L b]lvPkl5
cfGbf]ngdf pqg' k/]sf] xf]
s]jn ;+;bLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ dfq hgtGq 7fGg]xn] u0ftGqsf]
k|ultzLn ;'wf/, ljsf;, kl/jt{gnfO{ ;Da4{g ug{ ;s]gg\, To;}n]
;+3if{ hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
sxLF cFWof/f] s'gfaf6 st}af6 86 tof/ kf/]/ hah{:tL x\jLk hf/L
u/]/, 6]an 76fpFb} cfPsf] ;+ljwfg g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfqmf]z /
cfj]usf] lzsf/ aGg ;S5 .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) ;+ l jwfg;efsf] ;do ;lsg
nfUbf tkfO{ + x cfGbf] n gdf
pqg' ePsf] 5, sf/0f s]
xf] <
;+ l jwfg;efaf6 hgtfsf]
;+ l jwfg aGg' k 5{ eGg] xfd| f ]
dfGotfljk/Lt uPkl5 cfGbf]ngdf
hfg' k/]sf] xf] . hgtfsf] kIfdf
;+ l jwfg aGg' k 5{ , /fli6 o
:jfwLgtf;lxtsf] ;fj{ef}d ;+ljwfg
aGg' k g] { d f u8a9L b] l vPkl5
cfGbf]ngdf pqg' k/]sf] xf] . ;+ljwfg
hgtfsf] kIfdf aGg] e Gbf klg
/x:od"ns 9n] s]xL /fhgLlts
g] t fxsf] lbdfuLpkh agfpg
yfn] k l5 cfdhgtfnfO{ ;r] t
agfpgsf] lglDt, cfgf] clwsf/x
;'lglZrt u/fpg]sf] lglDt cfjfh
a'nGb ug'{xf];\ eGgsf] lglDt xf] .
) p;f] eP tkfO{ + x sf] cfg}
kf6L{ s f] g] t [ T jdf ;/sf/
x' F b f;d] t hg;+ l jwfg aGg
g;Sg] eof] xf]Og t <
d'Vo s'/f of] ;/sf/ s'g hudf
ag]sf] 5 eGg] xf] . rf/ a'Fb]n] of]
b]znfO{ s:tf] ;Gb]z lbof] / s:tf]

df]8fln6L lbof] eGg] Pp6f k

b]lv;lsof] . rf/ a'Fb] / ;ft a'Fb]n]
g] k fnsf] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts
cGt/lj/f]w xn ub}g{ / emg\ rsf{p5
F
eGg] s'/f ;a} hgtf;fd' 5n{ ePs}
ljifo xf] .
) t/, tkfO{+sf] kf6L{sf] cWoIfn]
;d]t ;ft a'Fb] ;xdlt clGtd
;x dlt
xf]
eg
eg]] /
:jLsfl/;s] s f] l:ylt 5 lg
xf]Og / <
cflb / clGtd eGg] s' / f
dfS;{jfb / Gjfbdf x'g ;Sb}g .
of] s;}n] eGb}df clGtd x'g ;Sb}g .
lxhf] s;}n] /fhtGqnfO{ clGtd
Joj:yf, k~rfotnfO{ clGtd Joj:yf
eg]h:t} cleJolQm xf], of] . hgtfsf]
cfFvfaf6 x]g{'eof] eg] hgtfsf] hf]
ck] I ff lyof] , Tof] e Gbf lans' n
ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 /fhgLlts g]t[Tj
cufl8 al9/x]sf b]lvG5 . s;}n]
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kIfdf ;+ljwfg, ;+3Lotf, ;dfg /
;eflutfd"ns k4lt / hghLljsfsf
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kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff hgtfsf]

;+3Lo u0ftGqsf] nflu n8\g] ;fdGtjfb,
;fd|fHojfblj?4sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg]
s'/fsf] /fhgLlts kxnsb\dL d"n
g]tT[ jn] 5f]8s
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em08f p7fpg afWo ePsf xf}F .
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g]tT[ j xfd|f] kIfdf 5 . t/, To;sf] a'em krfpFb}
lxhf] hgo'4nfO{ wf/] xft nufpg]xsf] e'm08nfO{
ax'dt 7fGg' d"vt{ f xf] . kf6L{ g]tT[ jn] of] s'/f
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s;/tn] g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] cGt/lj/f]w xn
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ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . nf]stGqn]
oL tdfd ljifosf] ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{
t/ clxn] Tof] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
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tkfO{+s} kf6L{ cWoIf tkfO{+x
-j} B kIf_ kf6L{ gLltljk/Lt
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s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
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a]7Ls lyof] eg]/ cfTdf cfnf]rgf
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s] lyof] eg]/ cfh Oltxf;n] k'li6
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rfxgfsf] 5fkfdf/ o'4df hfg] s'/f
x'Fb}g . o'4 / zflGt eg]sf] GfTds
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zflGtsf] kIfdf ;a} 5g\, hgtfsf]
lxtljk/Lt eof] eg] sf]xL g]tfn]
clkn gu/] klg rSsfhfd, ;8s
cfGbf]ngx rlng} /x]sf 5g\ . To;}n]
tL ;a} unt x' g \ a? kf6L{ s f]
cflwsfl/s wf/0ff hgtfsf] ;+3Lo
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;fd|fHojfblj?4sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg]
s'/fsf] /fhgLlts kxnsb\dL d"n
g]t[Tjn] 5f]8]sf] sf/0fn] xfdLn]
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;+:yfkg kIf klg xfdL ePsf 5f}F .
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sld6Lsf] a}7s a;fnf}F eGbf
tkfO{ + x efu] / lxF l 8/x] s f]
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ePg . g]kfnL hgo'4sf] &% k|ltzt
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5 . t/, To;sf] a'em krfpFb} lxhf]
hgo'4nfO{ wf/] xft nufpg]xsf]
e'm08nfO{ ax'dt 7fGg' d"v{tf xf] .
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ax'dtsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . o;n]
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of] xfd|f] . clxn] b}lgsLsf ;d:ofsf
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7fGg]xn] u0ftGqsf] k|ultzLn
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s'g} cy{ 5}g .
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;do cfPsf] 5 . h;n] oL s' / f
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pgLx ;kmn x'G5g\ . h;n] oxL
;Dk"0f{ xf], c? unt xf] eg]/ cfk"m
dxfg\ aGg vf]H5g\, To;sf] ktg
x'G5, of] Oltxf;n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf]
s'/f xf] . To;}n] casf] b'O{ dlxgf
g]kfnL hgtf ;r]t / ;ts{ eP/
a:g' cfjZos 5 .

;+ljwfg hgtfsf] kIfdf aGg]eGbf

klg /x:od"ns 9n] s]xL
/fhgLlts g]tfx?sf] lbdfuLpkh
agfpg yfn]kl5 cfdhgtfnfO{ ;r]t
agfpgsf] lglDt, cfk\mgf] clwsf/x?
;'lglZrt u/fpgsf] lglDt cfjfh
a'nGb ug'{xf];\ eGgsf] lglDt xf] .
--ca b]zdf gofF ;+qmd0f ;'? x'G5 .
gofF /fli6o w|'jLs/0f ;'? x'G5, gofF
ultljlw x' G 5g\ , v/faxsf] cl:tTj
;dfKt x'G5, c;nxsf] pbo x'G5 .
Pp6f gofF /fi6jfbL tfst / hgjfbL
tfstsf] pbo x'G5 .
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{ f/ xhf/ dflg;sf] abL{nfO{
otf / ptf kfb}d
{ f zflGt sfod
uof} eg]/ s;}n] 3d08 u5{ eg]
Tof]h:tf] ah|:jf7 sf]xL xf]Og
eg]/ a'bf x'G5 .

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

:jtGq kqsf/x? ;+ul7t x'g vf]Hbfsf r'gf}tLx

kf]v/fsf kqsf/xn] laut !!
dlxgfsf] ;+3if{k'0f{ cleofgsf] pkh
:jk bnLo ;+nUgtfaf6 d'Qm /x]/
:jtGq kqsf/Ltf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
ljZjf; af]s]/ lgdf{0fsf] tof/L
u/l/x] s f] :jtGq kqsf/ ;+ 3
g]kfnsf] va/ ;fj{hgLs eP kl5
;+rf/Ls/0fsf] k|efj If]qdf laleGg
k|lts[ofx k}bf ePsf 5g\ . slt
konfO{ t kqsf/ ;+u7gsf]] Olta[tfGt
af/] klg rf;f] x'bg} eg] rf;f] /fVg]x
dWon]] laleGg gfdsf] 6f]kL nufPsf
kqsf/ ;+u7gxsf] klxrfgsf]
uDeL/tf ;d]t :ki6 gx'g] /x]5 .
kf]v/f If]qsf] ;+rf/ dfWodsf ahf/
If] q df ut jif{ sf:sL kqsf/
dxf;+3sf] clwj]zg gu/Lsg bnLo
efua08fsf gfddf kbflwsf/L cfkm}
3f]if0ff ug]{ cEof; ePkl5 ;f] sf]
la/f]w :jk ePsf cfGbf]ngsf
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dfqfdf kqsf/ ;+u7gsf af/]df
;";'lrt u/fof] . TotLdfq geO{
:jtGqtfsf ;] g fgL em} c?sf]
:jtGtqfsf] /Iffsf nflu ;dlk{t ePsf,
/fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf] ul/df kfPsf
kqsf/x klg bnsf sfo{stf{, blno
lgb]z
{ gdf / blno ld;gsf nflu snd
rnfpbf /x]5g\ eGg] af:tljstf ;d]t
aflx/ cfof] . kqsf/xsf ;+u7gx
/fhgLlts bnsf] hgjlu{o OsfO{xsf]
kdf lqmoflzn ePsf / pgsf
cleJolQm / lg0f{ o x :jtGq
kqsf/Ltfdf sd / blno kqsf/Ltfdf
a9L clek|]/Lt x'Fbf /x]5g eGg]
jf:tljstf ;d]t b'gLofnfO{ af]w u/fof] .
kqsf/ ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf /
cGt/lqmofTds k|j[QLaf/] ePsf
;+rf/Ls/0f ;+u} blno lgoGq0f /
k|efjd'Qm kqsf/ / To;sf] g]tT[ jug]{
:jtGq kqsf/ ;+3sf] vFrf] af/]
obfstf :jtGqsf kIfw/xjf6 rrf{
x'g yfNof] / :jtGq kqsf/Ltfsf
kIfdf cfGbf]ng ug]{xnfO{ phf{k"0f{
k| l tlqmofx ylkg yfn] . oL
k|lts[ofxnfO{ phf{k0" f{ Joj:ykg
ug{ ;+3if{sf] g]tT[ j u/]sf kqsf/xn]
a}wflgs ;lqmotfsf] nflu x:tfIf/

/fdrGb| a/fn
cleofg ;d]t rnfP . kf]v/fdf
a}wflgs elgPsf @^) hgf kqsf/
dWo] ax'dt kqsf/n] :jtGq kqsf/
;+u7g u7g ug'{ plrt x'g] /fo ;lxt
x:tfIf/df ;xdtL hgfP kl5 cGtt
!! dlxgf kl5 kmfu'k"0fL{dfsf lbg
:jtGq kqsf/ ;+3 g]kfn :yfkgf
x'g k'Uof] . o;/L blno k|efj d'Qm
/x]/ :jtGq kqsf/Ltfug]{ ;xdtL
ug]{ kqsf/xsf] cf}krf/Ls ;+u7g
ag]kl5 kf]v/fsf] ;+rf/ ahf/df csf]{
vfnsf] t/u k}bf ePsf] 5 .
slt ko JolQmxsf] a'emfO{df
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 gfds ;+:yf
blno kqsf/Ltf ug]{ ;+u7gxsf]
5ftf ;+u7g xf] / :jtGq kqsf/Ltf
ug]x{ sf] k}/jLug]n
]{ ] ;dfgfGt/ kdf
csf]{ ;+u7g vf]ns
] f x'g eGg] a'emfO{
/x]sf] kfO{G5 . To;} u/L csf]{ kIfn]
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] 5ftf d'gL
/x]/ laleGg gfdsf kqsf/ ;+u7g
dWo] laleGg blno kqsf/ ;+u7g
eP em} of] klg Pp6f u}/ blno kqsf/
;+u7g xf], o; k"j{ kf]v/fdf # j6f
kqsf/ ;+u7g lyP, of] rf}yf] xf] eGg]
a'emfO{ b]lvPsf] 5 . of] a'emfO{sf]
k[i7kf]ifs s]xL JolQmxn] ut dlxgf
kf] v /fdf ePsf] Ps ;fj{ h gLs
sfo{qmddf blno kqsf/ ;+u7gx
af:tljs u0ftGqsf kIfw/,
hgflwsf/sf /Ifs / nf]stfGqLs
cfr/0fsf cleofGtf x'g eg] blno
;+nUgtf gePsf elgPsf] :jtGq
kqsf/ ;+3 lgb{nLo kqsf/ ;+3 xf]
/ of] d08n] kqsf/xsf] u'6 xf]
eGg] ;d]t cleJolQm lbP . of] ljrf/
;d'xsf] k|ltlglw wf/0ff cg';f/
clxn] s f] g] k fnsf] u0ftfGqLs
kl/jt{gdf blno ;+nUgtfsf kqsf/
;+u7gs} of]ubfg /x]sf] bn lgs6
kqsf/Ltfg} a{w} / d'n k|jfx xf] eGg]
wf/0fsf] ahf/Ls/0f b]lvPsf] 5 eg]
pgLxn] :jtGq kqsf/ ;+3df
;+u7Lt x'gx] k|tL ljleGg qf; k}bf
ug]{ / pl5tf] sf8\g] k|oTgx klg
x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . oBkL sf] kqsf/ /

;+u7g s] s:tf] eGg] s'/f cfd ;dfh]

lrlg;s]sf] 5 / ;dfh ;b}j df}g
d'Nof+sgdf ;lqmo 5 .
ljsf;f]Gd'v tyf ul/aLn] u|;Lt
t]>f] ljZjsf b]zdf /fhgLlts
kl/jt{g ;+u} df}nfpb} uPsf] blno
/fhgLlt / /fhgLlts ck/flws/0f
tyf ei6rf/ ;DaGwL laZn]if0f
ug]{x x/]s AolQm bn lgs6 x'bf
dfq cfFkm" ;'/IfLt / ;DdfgLt ePsf]
wf/0ff /fVg] tyf bn lgs6 gePsf]
JolQm c;fdlhs ePsf], Psnsf6]
ePsf] / :jtGq klxrfg eg]sf] x'g}
g;Sg] l:ytL xf] eGg] wf/0ff lgs}
xfjL 5 . olx sf/0f xfd|f] b]zdf klg
blno ;+nUgtf / kbdf ;xefuL x'g
xfgyfk rNg] , x/] s ;fj{ h gLs
lhDd]jf/L / ;'lawfx afF8kmf8df
bnLo efua08f ug]{ k|j[lQ xfjL
ePsf] ts{ug]x{ klg lgs} 5g\ . o:tf]
kl/l:ytLdf kf]v/fsf kqsf/xn]
:jtGq kqsf/ ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf]
u[xsfo{ ul//xbfs] kf]v/fdf of] s'/f
;Dej 5 / < eGg] zGb] x ug] {
JolQmxsf] hdft klg ;fgf] 5}g .
lgZrog} pk/f] Q m zGb] x sf]
k| Z gjfrs b[ l i6sf] 0 f / bnLo
kqsf/xn] nufpg] u/]sf] cf/f]k
:jtGq kqsf/ ;+3 g]kfnsf nflu
r'gf}ltsf] kIf xf] . zGb]x ug]{ kIfn]
sfdsf cfwf/df tYo d'Nofg ug]{
/ d'Nofsgdf plrt ;fljt ePdf
;fy{s tyf phf{k"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{
k|;:t ;Defjgf 5 eg] blno kqsf/
;+u7g / pgsf ;+/Ifsx ;d]taf6
:jtGq kqsf/ kIfdf nfUg]
kqsf/nfO{ x/]s k|sf/sf] c;xof]u,
ckdfg, cz'/Iff ;[hgf u/]/ xfon
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lo ;a} cK7\of/f ;++u lge{Psf ;fy
h' b \ b } :jtGq / Joj;flos
kqsf/Ltfug]{ lxDdt ug]{ Ps bh{g
dfq kqsf/x lg/Gt/ / lqmoflzn
eO{/xg] xf] eg] kf]v/f If]qsf] of]
:jtGqtfsf] cfGbf]ngn] g]kfnsf
tdfd ;x/df cfkm\gf] zfgbf/ la:tf/

ug{ ;S5 . g]kfnsf] kqsf/Ltfsf]

O{ltxf;df /fd|f] df]8 la:tf/ ug{ /
sltko ei6rf/ Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;d]t
an k'ofp5 . Tolta]nf kqsf/ltf
k] z f jf:tljs uf} / asf] kdf
:yfkLt x'g ;S5g\ eg] ;dhn]
ckr /fhgLlts va/sf] ha/h:t
kf7s x'gaf6 d'Qm /x]/ lawfut /
ljsf; d'ns kqsf/Ltfsf] :jfb
rfVg kfpg] ;Defjgf a9\g ;S5 .
oL r' g f} t L / ;Defjgfsf]
k'i7e"dLdf kf]v/fdf u7Lt :jtGq
kqsf/ ;+3n] s;/L cfk"mnfO{ hLjGt
;fjLt ug{ ;S5 / zGb]x ug]x{ nfO{
ljZjf;df kl/0ft ug{ cfkm\ g f
lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug{ ;S5 To;n]
g} ;'gf}nf] ;Defjgfsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng]
;fdYo{ /fVg ;S5 . obL ;Qf, zf;s
/ k'lhFsf] bf;tfdf snd / jrgnfO{
aGbsL /fVgdf /dfpg] jf
kqsf/Ltfsf] cfj/0fdf c?g}
;'ljwfdf kx'r
F k'ofpg] hdft h:t}
czf]egLo 5jLdf ?dnLof] eg] :jtGq
kqsf/Ltfsf] of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ uDeL/
wf] s f x' g ;S5 . o; sf/0f
:jtGqtfsf] of] cfGbf]ngdf nfUg]x
cfkm\g} lxDdt, :jledfg / x}l;otn]
nfUg' a]z x'g]5 . s;}sf] cfu|xdf
3';k}7 x'g] / s]xL ck]Iffdf ofrs
ag]/ of] cfGbf]ngdf b]lvP em} ug'{
eljiosf] gful/s ;Eotf lgdf{0fsf]
cleofgdf ulDe/ c;xof]u x'g
;S5 . ;dfh ;bfrf/L eof] eg]
;a}n] ;'v kfOG5, ;dfh Aolerf/L
eof] eg] w]/n
} ] b'v kfO{G5 . o;sf/0f
;bfrf/L ;dfh lgdf{0fdf kqsf/n]
cfkm'nfO{ pEofpg ;s]df b'gLofn]
kqsf/Ho" eg]/ lbPsf] ;Daf]wgsf]
plrt ;Ddfg / dof{bf hf]lug ;S5 .
of] k':tfn] dof{bf hf]ufpg / Oltxf;
agfpg ;s]df of] g} eljiosf
;GttLsf nflu cgdf]n k'hL x'g
;S5 eg] cfhsf r' g f} t Lx
eljiosf] rdTsf/sf nflu rfaL x'g
;S5g\ .
-n]vs a/fn,kf]v/faf6 k|sf;g
x'g] lasf;d'ns va/ klqsf cf/;L
6fOD; ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs x'g .

ljxf/ ljsf; M xNnf / oyfy{

s]xL a]lylt jf g/fd|f] s'/fnfO{

hgfpg' k/] ljxf/L z}nL eg]/ l6Kk0fL
ug]x{ clxn] 7Ls pN6f] af]Ng yfn]sf
5g\ . sf/0f xf], ljxf/n] xfFl;n u/]sf]
b|"t cfly{s ljsf; . pgLxsf
ljrf/ / l6Kk0fL k| f oM ef/tLo
;~rf/dfWod / To;s} k|efjn] ljb]zL
ldl8of;Dd cfpg] ;dfrf/df
cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . t/, oyfy{ hlt
;'lgG5 s] TolQ g} xf] t < s] ljxf/
;fFRr} /fd/fHo alg;s]sf] xf] t <
g]kfnL kqsf/x;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf
k"jd
{ V' odGqL nfn' ofbj -hf] kl5
s]lGb|o /]ndGqL;d]t eP_ n] eg]sf]
Pp6f ;Gbe{ /f]rs 5 . pgn] eg]sf
lyP, tkfO{x+ n] ljxf/sf] ljsf; eGg]
;'Gg' dfq g ePsf] 5, b]Vg'ePsf] t
5}g lg . en} To;sf] k5fl8 pgsf]
/fhgLlts :jfy{ / rfnafhL xf]nf
t/ To;leq s]xL tYo n's]sf] 5}g
eGg ;lsGg . ljxf/ clxn] Pp6f
cfbz{ sf] kdf rlr{t 5 . s]xL
jif{cl3;Dd zf;g z}nL / zf;sLo
:jkjf/] ax; ubf{ dfcf] j fbL
g]tfxn] ljxf/L z}nLsf] u0ftGq
:jLsfo{ 5}g egL l6Kk0fL uy]{ .
k|ltpQ/df tsf{lng ef/tLo /fhb't
/fs]z ;'bn] ljxf/sf] ljsf; uP/
x]g{ r'gf}lt g} lbGy] . o;/L g} ;'?
ePsf] lyof] , g] k fndf ljxf/
ljsf;af/]sf] rrf{ . clxn] Unf]an
;ld6 cg r] G hL ljxf/sf]
pb\3f6g;Dd k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd
e/fO{ k'Ubf km]l/ Ps k6s oxfF
ljxf/nfO{ cfbz{ agfP/ xfd| f

/d]z Gof}kfg]
;~rf/dfWoddf k| r f/ ul/of] .
k|wfgdGqLsf] e|d0fsf] qmddf ;DkGg
;ld6 pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf d'VodGqL
gLltz s'df/n] eg]sf lyP, lgbfpFb}
ofqf ubf{ lgb|f v'n] ljxf/ cfof] eGg]
rng lYfof], To;df rflxF xfdLn] ;'wf/
u/]sf xf}F . jflif{s lh8LkL !!=#
k|ltzteGbf a9L ePsf] of] ef/tLo
/fHosf] ljsf;nfO{ x]b}{ k|wfgdGqLn]
sfo{qmd} ljxf/nfO{ ljsf;sf] /f]ndf]8n
]
egL 3f]if0ff u/] . t/, ljxf/g} k'u]/
To;sf] ljsf; x]bf{ sfdeGbf s'/f
a9L egL ePsf] eLg l6Kk0fL ug]x{
k|z:t} e]l6G5g\ . hlt kl/jt{g
ePsf] 5, To;df klg gLltz s'df/sf]
;/sf/sf] w]/} 7"nf] e"ldsf g/x]sf]
ts{ /fVg]x klg 5g\ . :yfgLo
hgtfn] klg ToxfF ePsf] elgPsf]
kl/jt{gsf] vf;} cg'e"lt u/]sf]
kfOF b } g . k6gf ljZjljBfnodf
cy{zf:qdf kf]:6 u|h
] o' 6 u/]sL /HgL
l;+xn] ljxf/ ljsf;df s'g} rdTsf/
geO{ ;dosf] :t/;Fusf] kl/jt{g
dfq ePsf] atfpF l 5g\ . gLltz
s'df/n] cfgf] d'Vo k|fyldstf
;'zf;g ePsf] k6sk6s bf]xf]ofpg]
u/] s f 5g\ . s] x L ef/tLo
;+rf/dfWodn] t pgL zf;gdf cfP
nuQ} em08} $* xhf/ u'08fxnfO{
h]n xfn]sf] / afFsL /x]sf klg ljxf/
5f8]/ efu]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . em08}
;o a9LnfO{ d[To'b08 ;d]t lbOPsf]
5 . n'6kf6 / u'08ftGq ljxf/df k"/}

lgoGq0f ePsf] bfaL ul/Psf] 5 .

gLltz s'df/n] u'08fx ls t h]ndf
5g\ ls t ljxf/sf] af]8{/ sl6;s]
eG5g\ . t/ pgsf] Tof] egfOnfO{ gfd
pNn]v ug{ gdfGg] Ps ljxf/L ;'/Iff
clws[tn] dhfs egL cfnf]rgf
u/] . d ;'/IffsdL{ x',F ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/
cfPsf] ;'Gg kfpg' d]/f nflu v'zLs}
s'/f xf], pgn] eg], t/ cj:yf leGg
5 . pgsf cg';f/ Pp6f ;Qfdf
cfpFbf csf{] kf6L{ lgs6sf u'08fx
h]ndf hfG5g\ . clg csf]{ ;Qfdf
cfP klxn]sf 5'65
\ g\ / gofF hfG5g\ .
hlt g} ;'zf;gsf s'/f u/] tfklg
u'08f /fhgLlt cem};Dd klg ljxf/L
/fhgLltsf] Pp6f kf6f] /x]s} 5 .
ljxf/df ljsf; ePsf] eg] s }
k"jf{wf/ef/ ljsf;df dfq xf] . ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf k|z:t nufgL ePsf]
5 . krf;f}Fsf] ;+Vofdf nfO{ cf]e/,
cf7 n]gsf] ;8s lgdf{0f cflb .
zx/Ls/0f klg lj:tf/} df}nfpFb} uPsf]
5 . cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df 7"nf] nufgL
lelqPsf] ] 5 . ljBfno ghfg]
afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vo !@ af6 36]/ #
k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5, gLltz s'df/sf]
5 jif{ sfo{sfndf . :s'n] ljBfyL{nfO{
gub, ;fOsn, 8;
] cfbL ;'ljBf lbP/
ljBfno hfg k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 .
cfk"mn] b'O{ ;o k|ltzt;Dd cfly{s
j[l4 u/]sf] bfaL d'VodGqL s'df/sf]
5 . /fHosf] x/]s lgsfodf %)
k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu

cf/If0f lbOPsf] 5 . t/, pgs} @(

;b:o Soflag]6df eg] tLghgf dfq
dlxnf 5g\ . lgdf{0ff{wLg 5 n]gsf]
;8s /fHo ;/sf/sf] dftxft geO{
uf]N8]g ofl8n]6n
k|fh
] S] 6 cGtu{tn]
;'k/ /fhdfu{sf kdf k|wfgdGqL
;8ssf] gfddf s]Gb| ;/sf/sf]
of]hgfn] rln/x]sf] xf] . of] b]zsf
cGo /fHox x'bF } clxn] ljxf/ k'us
] f]
xf] . s]Gb| ;/sf/s} ljz]if ?rLdf
uf] k fnuGhb] l v d' h kmfk' / x' F b }
lszguGh;Ddsf] ;8s lj:tf/
eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, gLltzs'df/nfO{
To;sf] qm]l86 cfk"mn] vfg vf]hs
] f]
cf/f]k 5 . s'g} a]nf cfg} kf6L{df
/x]sf d'VodGqL nfn'k|;fb ofbjn]
gLltznfO{ cfgf] k|rf/sf] nflu
s/f]8f}F vr{sf] cf/f]k nufP . cfgf]
gfd a|fl08 u/]/ efjL k|wfgdGqLsf]
kdf cfk"mnfO{ p7\ofpg] BfpGgdf
5g\ , clxn] gLltz s' d f/ .
nufgLstf{sf] pkl:ylt z"Gok|foM
/x]sf] ljxf/ Unf]an ;ld6 ;f/f
;+;f/nfO{ af]nfP/ d}n] u/] eGg]
b]vfpg] jf k|rf/afhLsf] z}nLaf6
dfq lgb]{lzt klg b]lvG5 . To;}n]
t s]lGb|o ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjstf{ bn
ef/tLo sfFu;
]| kf6L{n] ;ld6nfO{ Pp6f
8"nf] hf]s egL l6Kk0fL uof] .
g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL g} ;xefuL
;Dd] n gdf ef/tLo ;/sf/n]
/fhgLlts g]tT[ jsf] abnfdf of]hgf
cfof]usf pkfWoIf / ueg{/nfO{ dfq
k7fpg'n] klg To;sf] k'li6 u5{ .
-afF s L ^ k] h df_

cGt/f{li6o:t/sf] vfB u'0f:t/ k|of]uzfnf aGg]

sf7df8f}F . d'n'ssf] klxnf] vfB u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f k|of]uzfnf cfufdL
Ps jif{leqdf ;~rfngdf cfpg] ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] vfB u'0f:t/h:tf]
;+j]bgzLn ljifo k/LIf0f ug]{ cfw'lgs k|fljlws ;'ljwfo'St k|of]uzfnf
;~rfngsf lglDt :yfgLo eb|sfnL Knfhfdf ejgnufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ tLj| ultdf cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . g]kfnef/t ;xof]ucGtu{t
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt sf7df8f}Fn] kfFr s/f]8sf] nfutdf pks/0f;lxt
k|of]uzfnf ejg lgdf{0f u/L Ps jif{kl5 g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
ug]{ u/L sflnsf sG:6S;G;;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . hnufot e"ldut
k"jf{wf/sf] sfd ;lsPsf] pSt sG:6S;gsf kl/of]]hgf ;xfos lzj/fh
kf08] atfP . rf/ xhf/ ju{lkm6sf] ;f9] tLg tn] k|of]uzfnf ejg lgwf{l/t
;doleq} ;DkGg ug{ cxf]/fq >lds vl6/x]sf] pgn] atfP . k|ljlwo'St
k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;+:yfgn] u/]sf] cys k|of;kl5 ;+:yfg
kl/;/ glhs}sf] ;f9] b'O{ /f]kgL hUufdf !* dlxg] ;Demf}tfg';f/ lgdf{0fsf]
sfd eO/x]sf] pgn] atfP . k|of]uzfnf ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 vfB s;'/ P]g
sfof{Gjog ;xh x'g]5 eg] pkef]Stf xslxt k|j4{gdf an k'Ug]5 .

PkmPdsf] ;+Vof rf/ ;o gfof]

sf7df8f}F . d'n'sdf kmfu'g dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dddf btf{ ePsf PkmPd
/]l8of]sf] ;+Vof $@@ k'u]sf] 5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf cg';f/
tLdWo] lgoldt k|;f/0fdf uPsf PkmPdsf] ;+Vof #!& /x]sf] 5 . uPsf]
kmfu'g dlxgfdf dfq !! j6f PkmPdn] k|;f/0f cg'dlt kfPsf lyP .
To;}u/L d'ns
' e/ ;~rfngdf cfPsf 6]lnlehgxsf] ;+Vof #& k'us
] f] 5 .
kmfu'g dlxgfdf dfq >Lgu/ 6]lnlehg kfNkf, ld;g :6f/ 6]lnlehg sfe|]
/ g]kfn d08n 6]lnlehg nlntk'/nfO{ k|;f/0f cg'dlt lbOPsf] ;~rf/
dGqfnosf ;xfos k|jStf x]d/fh e';fnn] hfgsf/L lbP . To;}u/L kmfu'g
dlxgf;Dd s]an ck/]6/sf] ;+Vof &#) k'us
] f] 5 . k|;
] sfplG;n g]kfnaf6
k|fKt cfly{s jif{ @)^^^& sf] :ylut kqklqsf juL{s/0fsf] k|ltj]bg
:jLs[t ul/Psf] klg e';fnn] hfgsf/L lbP .

hf8/S;L a]rljvglj?4 cfdfx

vf]6f . hfF8/S;L ;]jgn] ;DklQ gi6, kl/jf/df emu8f / :jf:Yodf gsf/fTds
c;/ k'us
] f] eGb} vf]6fsf cfdfxn] o;sf] a]rljvglj?4 3/b}nf] cleofg ;'?
u/]sf 5g\ . lbSt]ndf :yflkt cfdf ;d"xsf] kxndf cfdfxn] ;Eo ;dfh
lgdf{0fsf nflu hfF8/S;L laqmL ljt/0fdf /f]s nufpg 3/b}nf] rfxf/]sf x'g\ . dfbs
kbfy{;lxt ;dfh :yfkgfy{ cfdf ;d"xn] dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L 3/ cfpg]
hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg k|jz
] lgif]w ug]{ u/]sf] cfdf ;d"xsL sf]iffWoIf hd'gf cfrfo{n]
atfpg'eof] . cfdf ;d"xn] dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug{n] fO{ hl/jfgf tyf ;~rf/
dfWodaf6 gfd / kmf]6f] k|;f/0f k|sfzg ug]{ ePkl5 lbSt]ndf hfF8/S;L ;]jg
ug{s
] f] ;+Vofdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] cleofgnfO{ ljkmn t'Nofpg
s]xL JolStx o;sf lj?4 nfu]sf] eGb} cfdfxn] k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/L s]zj/fh
cfrfo{nfO{ ;'/Iffsf nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . k|lhc cfrfo{n] cfdf ;d"xsf]
pbfx/0fLo sfd ePsf] atfpFb} sfg'gL cfwf/df ;xof]u ug{] k|lta4tf JoSt ug{'
ePkl5 pgLx hfF8/S;L lgoGq0f sfo{kl| t pT;flxt ag]sf 5g\ .

ljZjsf pTs[i6 % ;odf ^ ef/tLo a|fG8

sf7df8f}F . ljZjsf pTs[i6 % ;o a|fG8df ef/tsf ^ k/]sf 5g\ . ljZjJofkL
k/dfz{bft[ kmd{ a|fG8 lkmgfG; sf cg';f/ 6f6f, Po/6]n, :6]6 a}s
+ ckm OlG8of,
l/nfoG;, OlG8og cfon skf]/{ ;] g / OGkmf]l;; ;"rLdf k/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;"rLcg';f/
ef/taf6 pTs[i6 %) sf] ;"rLdf kg{d] f 6f6f dfq} /x]sf] 5 . @)!! sf] pTs[i6 %)
sf] ;"rLdf 6f6f $$ cf}F :yfgdf k/]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] !% ca{ *) s/f]8 8n/sf]
t'ngfdf ;d"xsf] a|fG8 d"No a9]/ of] jif{ !^ ca{ #) s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 . klZrdf
cy{tGqsf] lubf]{ dfu / a9\bf] j:t' d"Nosf afah'b 6f6fsf] Joj;fodf cfPsf]
ljljwtfn] k|z:t If]qdf cfDbfgL l;h{gf ug{] ;d"x ;kmn ePsf] 5 . bzsf};F Dd
ljZjs} rlr{t ;+u7g /x]sfn] 6f6fsf] a|fG8 ;DklQ ;wF} g} alnof], cj:yfdf /x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . u'unnfO{ pl5g\b} PKkn ;"rLsf] klxnf] :yfgdf k/]sf] 5 . PKknsf]
a|fG8 d"No &) ca{ ^) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] cf7f}F :yfgaf6
dfly pSnL PKkn klxnf] :yf{gdf cfPsf] xf] . ef/tsf cGo a|fG8x 6f6f, Po/6]n
/ OGkmf]l;;n] klg k"jj{ t\ cfgf] :yfgdf ;'wf/ NofPsf 5g\ . :6]6 a}s
+ ckm OlG8of,
l/nfoG; OG8li6h / /fHo :jfldTjsf] OlG8og cfon skf]/{ ;] g eg] cfgf] k"jj{ t\
:yfgaf6 lrlKnPsf 5g\ . # ca{ ^* s/f]8 8n/;lxt cl3Nnf] jif{ @ ;o *$ cf}F
:yfgdf /x]sf] Po/6]n of] jif{ % ca{ @@ s/f]8 8n/;lxt ! ;o *^ cf}F :yfgdf
plSnPsf] 5 . OGkmf]l;; @ ca{ () s/f]8 8n/;lxt ut jif{sf] # ;o *! cf}F
:yfgaf6 plSnP/ # ca{ ^@ s/f]8 8n/;lxt of] jif{ @ ;o (^ cf}F :yfgdf
plSnPsf] 5 . ljZjJofkL d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df PKkn / u'unkl5 t];f| ] :yfgdf
cd]l/sfs} dfOqmf];6 k/]sf] 5 . sDkgLsf] a|fG8 d"No $% ca{ *) s/f]8 8n/
5 . o;kl5 qmdzM cfOaLPd, jfndf6{, ;fd;', hLO{, sf]sfsf]nf, ef]8fkmf]g /
cd]hg /x]sf 5g\ . Ph]G;L

kG5Lx?sf] aw ug]{ tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g u/f}+ .

a8{km\ n h:tf kG5LhGo /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agL,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
kG5Lx?sf] aw 3/aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug]{ u/f}F .
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'OF /fd|f];Fu kvfNg], k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}F .
aw ul/;s]kl5 s'v'/f tyf sfFrf] df;'sf] n;k;af6 afnaflnsfx?nfO{
6f9} /fvf}F .
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfn cflbnfO{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}F .
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu
xft w'g] u/f}F .
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;' dfq vfg] u/f}F .
la/fdL jf d/]sf s'v'/fsf] df;' s'g} klg cj:yfdf vfg] gu/f}F .
c08fsf] leqL;Dd ;fx|f] x'g] cj:yf;Dd pdfn]/ of ksfP/ vfg] u/f}F .

a8{km\ n' /f]usf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf xfdL ;a}sf] k|lta4tf

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu

Pleog OGk\mn'oGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a"9fgLns07, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $^%)!@*&, $^%)$(!, $^%)!@*

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

nf} kmsf}{+ b]zn] af]nfof]

k/b]zL < of] njh g} slQ cldnf]

5 cyf{t\ k/fOsf] b]zdf /xg],
a:g] cfgf] xf]Og csf{sf] b]zdf
cfgf]eGbf 6f9fsf] b]z k/sf] b]zdf
/xg] g]kfnLsf] k/b]lzg'sf] syf Joyf
cg]s 5g\ . JolStlkR5] cnu 5g\ .
yf] / } /x/n] w] / } afWotf af] s ] /
kb]l{ zPsf 5g\ . dxfslj nIdLk|;fb
b]jsf]6fn] kb]l{ zg'sf] kL8fnfO{ d'gf
dbg h:tf] dxfsfJo g} agfP, h;df
laof]ufGtsf] h8 g} k/b]zsf] df]x
lyof], /x/ lyof], nfnr lyof] .
a]nfotL kmf}hsf] Joyf, ef/tLo
kmf}hsf] Joyf w]/} eof] . ca c/asf]
Joyf emg} ;xg ufx|f] ;To s'/f] ToxL
xf] , cd] l /sf, a] n fot, o' / f] k ,
c:6l] nof, hfkfgsf] cj:yfaf6 klg
ca sf]xL cgle1 5}g . cfgf]
b]zeGbf Kof/f] c? b]z sxLF x'b}g,
oxL tLtf];To xf] . pRr lzIff /
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] vf]hLdf dfq
geO{ kl5Nnf] 8]9 bzsotf g]kfnLx
cgf] Hofg hf]ufpgs} nflu /
;Gtfgsf] eljio ;'/lIft /fVg] ;kgf,
axfgf af]s]/ knfog x'g k|f]T;flxt
x'gx] sf] csNkgLo afWofTds w'O/f]
nfu]sf] kL8fbfoL cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 .
lgZro g} ef]sf] k]6 / d/]sf] nf;n]
/fli6otf eGb}g . klxn] lhpg] / bf];f| ]
zflGt k"0f{ k]6 e/ vfg kfpg' k5{ .
laut 8]9 bzssf] lx+;fTds o'4n]
gful/ssf] Tof] xs l5lgPsf] xf] .
Tof] qf;bLk"0f{ cj:yfn] g]kfnsf] 7"nf]
wg/flz / af}l4s pmhf{;d]t knfog
ePsf] la8Dagfo'St cj:yf b]zn]
ef]lu/fv]sf] 5 . pRr lzIff cfh{g
ug{ cd]l/sf, a]nfot, c:6]lnof,
o'/f]k cflb b]zdf k'us
] f / ToxL /fd|f]
/f]huf/L kfPsfafx]s cGo d'n'sdf
5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLx clwsf+z
zflGt 5}g, cj;/ 5}g, gftfjfb,
s[kfjfb 5, e|i6frf/ 5, k};f glbg]sf]
sfd g} x'Gg, cl:y/tf / Gn] cfgf]
/ ;Gtfgsf] eljio 5}g eGb} knfog
x'g' k/]sf] jf ljb]lzg' k/]sf] sf/0f
atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] ;To xf] t/
k|To]s ;fdy{ g]kfnLn] s'g} g s'g}
axfgf agfO{ cfk"m cg's"n b]z ePg
eGb} knfog x'g] xf] eg] csf]{ Psfw
bzskl5 g]kfnsf] klg cl:tTj
;dfKt x'g] vt/f b]lvG5 . g]kfnLx
ef/tnufot cGo d'n'sdf efu]sf
5f}F . ptf ef/t laxf/ / pQ/ k|b]z
nufot a+ u nfb] z L kfls:tfgL
ckmuflg:tfgaf6
efu] s f
ck/fwLxn] ;+;b\b]lv ;8s;Dd
8]/f hdfO;s]sf 5g\ . pQ/lt/sf]
rfk klg sfd 5}g . o:t} xf] eg]
csf]{ @) jif{df xfdL cflbjf;L g]kfnL
cfg} b]zdf cNkdtdf kg]{ b]lvG5 .
t/fO{af6 kxfl8of / ToxfFsf cflbaf;L
g]kfnLxnfO{ nv]6\g], n'6\g] sfd
eO/fv]sf] 5, ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5fnfsf] cg'xf/_ kmfObf p7fP/ t/fO{af;Lsf]
gfddf gSsnL g]kfnLxn] n'6kf6
dRrfPsf 5g\ . xTof, lx+;f, anfTsf/,
n'6 ;fdfGo h:tf] ePsf] 5 . ;jf
;oeGbf a9L ;z:q ck/fwL ;d"xx
sf] x L g] k fnL xf] O gg\ laxf/af6
nv]l6Psf ck/fwLx x'g\ . Pp6f
g]kfnLn] csf]{ g]kfnLnfO{ of] xb;Dd
lu/]/ n'6g\ ] dfg{ ug{ ;Sb}g Tof] xfd|f]
;+:s[lt g} xf]Og . t/fO{af;L g]kfnLsf]
xslxtsf] gfddf jf:tljs t/fO{af;L
g]kfnL la:yflkt x'gk' /]sf] bb{gfs
cj:yf 5 . xfdL g]kfnLn] uDeL/
eP/ ;f]Rg'kg]{ s'/f] s] eg] cfgf]
b]zsf] tdfd ljs[ltnfO x6fpg] s;n]
/ s;/L < lzlIft, ;DkGg, ;Eo
gful/sn] b]z 5f]8]/ knfog x'g] jf
;:tf] cfocfh{gsf] gfddf sd{,
d]xgtL, Odfgbf/ o'jfx ljb]lzg]
clg b]zdf clzlIft e|i6, a]/f]huf/
/ ck/fw k|jl[ Qsf / cfofltt gSsnL
g]kfnL dfq afFsL /xg] xf] eg] slxn]
aG5 t g]kfn < xfd|f] bfloTj s] t
b]zk|lt < c?nfO{ bf]if y'kfb}{df

z]v/ 9']n

Oltxf;n] dfkm unf{ t xfdLnfO{ <

;+;f/sf] ljleGg s'gfdf k'u]sf 5f}F .
wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiff, snf, ;flxTo,
k|hftGq . dfgjflwsf/sf] jsfnt
u5f}{+ t/ To;n] b]znfO{ s]xL kmfObf
k'u]sf] 5}g . ljb]zdf klg g]kfnLsf]
3]/f tf]8/] cGt/f{li6os/0f ug{ ;s]sf
5}gf}F . hxfF k'u] klg Go"g cNk;+Vosdf
;d]t gulgPsf xfdL g]kfnLn] b]zk|lt
g} nufj a9fpg' uj{ ug{nfos
b]lvG5 . Psl5g ;f]rf}F t slt xfd|f
cfdfa'af 5f]/f, gfltgfltgfsf] d'v
x]g]{ /x/ af]sL lkF9Ldf s'/]/ a;]sf
5g\ < ltgsf lknlknfpFbf] cg'xf/af6
t8\lkPsf cfFz'n] xfdLnfO{ kf]Nb}g <
slt >LdtL, >Ldfg\ gfafns aRrf
kb]l{ zPsf] cfgf] dfG5] kms{g] cfzfdf
6f]nfP/ a;]sf 5g\ < pgLxsf]
dgnfO{ ?jfP/ s:tf] eljio agfpg
vf]Hb}5f}F xfdL < cfhef]ln k|Tos lbg
ljb]zdf o'jfo'jtLxsf] b'vfGt
36gfxsf] ;dfrf/ cfpg yfn]sf]
5 . :jb]zdf eGbf ljb]zdf b'Mv 5
xfdLn] ef]lu;Sof}F . ;DklQ hLjg
u'hf/fsf] Pp6f ;fwg dfq xf] hLjgsf]
;fwg xf]Og cs't ;DklQsf] afah'b
klg b'Mvsf] k ab\lng] xf] x6\g]
xf]Og, dfgl;s lrGtf, Jojwfgaf6
d'St x'g] ;/n pkfo ckgTjsf]
glhs x'g' xf], Tof] b]z xf] cgf] ;dfh
xf] . dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn]
To;} eg]gg\ ;'gsf] y}nf xftsf] d}nf
s] ug{' wgn] < ;fu / l;:g' vfPsf]
a]; cfglGbt dgn] xfdLn] h;/L
cfgf] / ;Gtfgsf] ;'vsf] vf]hLdf
cleefjsnfO{ t8\kfpFb} 5f}F . Tolt
g} kL8f xfdLn] ef]Ug'kg]{5 hLjge/
of] oyfy{tfnfO{ dgg\ u/f}F . ljb]zsf]
rng g} xf] Psn kl/jf/, kl5 PSnf]
x'Fbf dfq afpcfdf ;lDembf l9nf]
eO;s]sf] x'g]5 . nf} kmsf}{+ a]n}df
cgf] b]z g]kfn . ljb]lzPsf xfdL
g]kfnLn] cem ljz]ifu/L pRr lzIff
xfl;n ug{]xn] Ps k6s ef/tsf
k|wfgdGqL dgdf]xg l;+xsf] cg'z/0f
u/]df g]kfn cfdfn] cflzif lbg] l5g\ .
=cS;kmf]8{af6 ljBBfjfl/lw u/]sf
Ps xf]gxf/ ljBfyL{ 8f= dgdf]xg l;+x
k/b]zd} knfog ePsf] eP s] aGy]
xf]nfg\ < s'g} ljQLo ;+:yfsf k|d'v
jf dGqfnosf ;Nnfxsf/ < t/, pgL
:jb]z kmls{P/ cgf] ljlzi7 k|ltef
af]s]/ /fi6;]jf u/]afkt cfh pgL
bf];f| ] ufGwLsf] pkflwn] k'lhg yfn]sf
5g\ . ufGwLn] ljb] z Llj?4 n8]
dgdf]xgn] b]zsf] ul/aLl;t n8]
cfly{s qmflGt u/] kmn:jk pgL
"Top Hundred influential
people of the World 2005" /
"World Statesmans Award
2010" af6 lje"lift ePsf 5g\ .

pgsf] dof{bf g]xsf] eGbf dfly

p7]sf] 5 . To:tf zlStzfnL k'?ifsf]
cfh k|oTg cfgf] gfddf k'Vof}{nL
;DklQafx]s lsg]sf] *)) ;L;Lsf]
df?tL sf/ dfq 5 / cem
ckTofl/nf] t s] eg] pgL Tof] sf/sf]
jflif{s gjLs/0f ug{ :jod\ ;DalGwt
sfof{no hfG5g\ . pgsL >LdtL
ef/tLo Oltxf;d} xfOk| f ] k mfOn
/fhgLlt1 ls nf] k|f]kmfOn >LdtL
eg]/ pNn]v ePsL l5g\ . b]zsf] nflu
o:tf] pbfx/0fLo g] t f xfdLn]
hGdfpgsf] nflu g]kfn kms{g' k/]sf]
5 . xfd|f] Pgcf/Pgsf ;+:yfks
cWoIf 8f= pk]Gb| dxtf]nfO{ x]/f}F .
pgL a]nf?;d} /dfPsf] ePsfn]
lrGYof], g]kfndf < en} pgL a]nf?;sf
Ps gDa/ wgf9\o x'Gy] xf]nfg\ < pgn]
cfgf] dft[e"ldk|ltsf] bfloTj ;Dem]
/ cgf] tg, dg, wgnfO{ g]kfnsf]
cfly{s ljsf;b]lv ;dfh ;]jf;Dd
cu|0fL e"ldsfdf ;dlk{t u/]sf 5g\ .
pgsf] dft[e"ld ;]jfsf] nflu g]kfn
/ g] k fnL C0fL /xg] 5g\ lsg

kTofpFbg} f}F 8f= pk]Gb| dxtf]nfO{ < lsg

k|fT] ;flxt x'Ggf}F xfdL dxfjL/ k'gaf6 <
lsg hfFu/ cfpFb}g /jLGb| ld>
aGg] < ljb]lzPsfx ljz]ifu/L hf]
knfog x'g] jf ePsf 5g\ . cd]l/sf,
a]nfot, c:6l] nof, o'/f]k cflb b]zdf
pgLxsf] ;Lk, cg'ejnfO{ dfq
b]zsf] nflu ;b'kof]u eof] eg]
g]kfnnfO{ ;fFlRrs} csf]{ bz jif{df
Pp6f pbfx/0fLo b] z agfpg
;lsG5 . b]z hgtfn] agfpg] xf] /
agfpg'k5{ . w]/} eof] xfdLn] b]zn]
s] lbof] / lbG5 eGb} ljb]lzg] ;f]r
/fv]sf] ca To;f] xf]Og, xfdLn] b]znfO{
s] lbg ;Sof}F / s] lbg ;S5f}F < egL
uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg' k/]sf] 5 . k|To]s
gful/sn] b]zk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj
axg ug]{ tTk/tf b]vfpg'k5{=gq t
Oltxf;n] xfdLnfO{ euf}8f, x'ltxf/f
/ a]Odfg egL lrGg] 5 . b]z /
kl/jf/af6 la5f]l8P/ lxF8\g' eg]sf]
hLjgsf] 7"nf] clezfk g} xf] hf] ;a}n]
Joxf]/]sf] kL8f xf] . ToxL bb{gfs
dfgjLo kL8fnfO{ dx;'; u/]/ ;+oS' t
/fi6;3+ dfgjflwsf/ ;ldltsf] h]ge] f
;Dd]ngn] sf/0f a; csf]{ b]zdf
z/0ffyL{ aGg' kg]{ cj:yfdf kl/jf/
;d]tnfO{ k'gld{ng u/fpg' kg]{ gLlt
/fv]sf] xf] . ljb]lzPsf xfdLxsf]
nflu s] ju{ / s] Pkm;L xfd|f] b}lgsL
aGg;Sof] < u'Gb|'s, cfn' tfdfsf]
;Demgf cfpFbg} < s] xfd|f] vf]nfgfnf,
lxdfn, kxf8, rDkfrd]nL a/lkkn
ofb cfpFb}g < b]z /f]O/x]5 cfdf
af6f] x]l//x]sL l5g\, Tof] dd{ a'g]
;+j]bgzLntf x/fPsf :jfyL{ ag]sf
xf}F xfdL < s] xfdL Tolt lgi7'/L 5f}F
s'k eOg\ eGb} cfdfnfO{ 5f]8]/
knfog x'g] < s] dgn] dfg]sf] 5 .
la;]{ b]z < s] efg'eSt, nIdLk|;fbn]
xfdLnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg g;s]sf x'g\ <
xf]Og eg] knfog x'g] lsg < csf{sf]
b]zdf cgf] wd{, snf, ;+:s[lt, efiff
sf] / 6fg lsg < slQ 9fF 6 \ g ] of]
dgnfO{ < b]zdf ljs[lt 5 egL cf/f]k
nufpF5f}F t ;Rofpg] bfloTj s;sf] <
xf] b]zdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] d'xfg
elTsPsf] 5, wldlnPsf] 5 t/ ;kmf
ug{] bfloTj xfd|} xf]Og < c?sf] d'v
tfSg] afgLnfO{ Tofu]/ cufl8 a9]gf}F
eg] csf]{n] t emg} laiffSt 5l/lbG5
cfgf] eGg] s]xL afFsL /xFb}g ca .
;d:ofb]lv efUg] nf5L xf}F / xfdL <
;dfwfg xfdLl;t g} 5 . ;d[4
g]kfnsf] nflu xfd|f] of]ubfg clgjfo{
5 . ljb]z cfpg'k5{ xfd|f]h:tf]
cljsl;t b]zsf gful/sn] pRr
lzIff / k|ljlwsf] 1fg xfl;n ug{,
cg'ej a6'Ng] t/ blDet, u|l;t,
ulnt, e|ldt . ylst eP/ ;'Gb/
eljiosf] e|d af]sL tgfjk"0f{ hLjg
afRgsf] nflu knfog x'g] xf]Og . bf];f| ]
bhf{sf] gful/s agL e'm7f] uj{ ug{
xf]Og < To;df klg cfh ljZjsf]
ab\lnbf] cfly{s ptf/r9fjn] ubf{
xfd|f] nflu cTolws cfsif{0f /x]sf]
cd]l/sf, a]nfot, c:6]lnof, o'/f]k
jf hfkfgh:tf] d'n'sdf 8]9 bzs
cufl8;Ddsf] h:tf] cj;/sf] l:ylt
klg ca /x]g . ljZj cfly{s dGbLsf]
rk]6fdf k/]sf tL d'n'sdf /x]sf
cfk|af;L g]kfnLxn] of] ;TonfO{
glhsaf6 ef]lu/x]sf 5f} . hLjg
emg\emg} s:6do aGb} uPsf] 5 .
jf:tjdf g]kfnh:tf] cNkljsl;t
b]zd} cfh cj;/sf w]/} 9f]sfx
v'nf b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZjs} pRr
cfly{s j[l4b/ /x]sf] rLg / ef/t
cfhsf] cfsif{0f x'g\ . xfdLn] b'O{
l5d]sLsf] ;b'kof]u ug{;Sg' k/]sf]
5 . ef/ts} Pp6f lgdf{0f ;km{
sDkgLnfO{ x]/f}F, tTsfndf b'O{ xhf/
ef? tna vfg] ;/sf/L h'lgo/
s]ld:6 8f= sf/;g efO k6]nn] ;g\
!(^( df Tof] gf]s/L 5f]8/] @) xhf/

k}ofFdf 3/d} lgdf{0f ;km{ pTkfbg

u/]/ 3/3/df a]Rg] pBf]u cfh
ax'/f{li6o sDkgL ePsf] 5 . sl/a
@) xhf/ sd{rf/L / #) xhf/
s/f]8sf] ;DklQ af]s]/ 7l8Psf] 5 .
k|lta4tf, nug, Odfg eof] eg] df6f]
;'g aG5 agfpg ;lsG5 . hnljB't\
dfq xf]Og, s[lif, kz'kfng, kmnk"mn
pTkfbgsf] nflu g]kfndf k|r/' dfqfdf
cj;/ 5g\ . :d/0f /xf]; clxn]
g]kfndf a;]{lg ef/taf6 dfq ;o
ca{ a/fa/sf] df;'hGo j:t' vfBfGo
kmnk"mn / ;AhL dfq} cfoft eO/x]sf]
5 / 7"nf] wg/flz ljb]lzPsf] 5 .
b]zdf Jofkf/ 3f6f a9\bf] 5= ha
ls xfdLn] pTkfbg u/]/ ef/t, rLg,
anfb]z, df]lnof;Dd lgof{t ug{
;Ifd 5f}F . b"w / b"waf6 pTkfbg
x' g ] j:t' d f g] k fnsf] xfjfkfgL
:jLh/Nof08h:t} /fd|f] 5, xfdL cGo
d'ns
' df lgof{t ug{ ;S5f}F . xfd|f] b]zdf
pAhg] cd"No hl8a'6LnfO ;b'kof]u
ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}F of ;'gsf] d"No kg]n
{ fO{
v/fgLsf] b/df ljb]zLnfO{ a'emfO/x]sf
5f}F . ljZjsf] b'O{ k|d'v wd{sf] k|d'v
tLy{:yn g]kfnd} 5 . la8Dagf s]
5 eg] g]kfnsf] ko6{g Joj;fodf
%) eGbf a9L ef/tLon] cf]u6]sf
5g\ . tf/] xf]6n / 7"nf] 6fen
Ph]G;Lxdf dflyNnf] bhf{df &)
ef/tLo 5g\ . lgdf{0f Joj;fodf
dhb'/b]lv k|fljlws;Dd ;Ldfkfl/sf
g} 5g\ of] s;/L eof] < xfdL cfg}
b]zdf c:jfefljs cf8Da/ cN5Lkg
af]ss
] f] sf/0f xf] . c/a d'ns
' df k'u/]
kl;gfk'5g\ ' kb}g{ . cj;/ 5 g]kfndf
;b'kof]u ug{ cu|;/ x'g' kof] . plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sof}F eg] clxn]
ljb]zaf6 hfg] /]ld6\ofG;eGbf w]/}
u'0ff Hofbf ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug{
;S5f}F . cfg} 3/kl/jf/ clg b]zdf
a;]/ . g]kfnsf] hnljB't\ c/asf]
t]n / ;'geGbf ;}of}F u'0ff dxTj /
cfly{s ;|f]t xf] . To;sf] klg ca
;d'lrt pTkfbg ug{] ;do cfPsf]
5 ;' ? x' G 5 ca . nfvf} F n fv
/f]huf/Lsf] ahf/ g]kfnd} 5 lsg
ef}tfl/g] ljb]zdf dfgl;s tgfj
af]s]/ < ;fd'lxs efjgfsf] ljsf;
u/f}F ;fd'lxs v]tL u/f}F, ;fd'lxs
sdfO u/f}F . jfb / bnbnsf] rk]6fdf
xf]Og, aGw'Tjsf] 3]/f agfcf}F, oxL
cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;n] ubf{ ;+;f/sf] k|To]s s'gfsf]
ultljlw kf/bzL{ eO/fv]sf] cj:yfdf
Pp6f :jfwLg b]zsf hgtfn] cfgf]
b]zsf] nflu ckgfpg] gLlt, ljlw /
kl/of]hgfxdf lxhf]sf] h:tf] s'g}
b]z ljz]if jf ;d"x ljz]ifn] cj/f]w
k'ofpg] ;Defjgf Go"g x'bF } uPsf]
5 . @)$^ ;fn;Dd !@^ k|sf/sf
u| f x:y pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{ /
eO;s]sf] g]kfndf k'gM Ps k6s
/f:6kl| t ;dlk{t lj1xsf] ;fxl;s
gful/sxsf] ;lqmotfsf] vfFrf] 5 .
b]zagfpg] lhDd]jf/ gful/sxn] xf],
g] t fxn] xf] O g b] z ljsf;sf
sf/stTjxnfO lg?T;flxt ub}{
lgif]w ub}{ k|s[ltsf] :ju{ g]kfnnfO{
ljZjsf] pbfx/0fLo b]z agfpg
;S5f}F . ;+;f/df h]sf] klg ;Ldf x'G5
k|ult pGglt jf ljs[lt h];s
' s
} f] klg
/ Ps lbg ;sf/fTdsaf6 gsf/fTds
/ gsf/fTdsaf6 ;sf/fTdstkm{
clgjfo{ kms{ G 5 . Pp6f k| T oIf
pbfx/0f x]/f}F s'g} a]nf ;+;f/sf]
;a}eGbf cUnf] 6\jLg 6fj/ Go'of]s{
elgGYof] . cfh dn]l;of b'axL ub}{
rLgdf aGb}5 s'g} a]nf cd]l/sf
;+;f/sf] wgL / zlStzfnL elgGYof]
cfh rLg cfly{s kn] dfq xf]Og,
ljsf; / cj;/sf] nflu ;+;f/s}
cfsif{0f aGb} uPsf] 5 . To;}n] xfd|f]
b]zsf] cf]/fnf] nfUg] ;Ldf/]vfsf] ca
cGTo x'g5
] / b|t" ultdf psfnf] nfUg]
5 . lab]lzPsfxsf] ;Lk, nug,
-afF s L ^ k] h df_

e|i6frf/sf] ;u/dfyf ag]sf] d'ns'

dl0f zdf{
blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/ x'g] d'n'sdf g]kfn ;jf]{Rr
:yfgdf 5 . e|i6frf/sf] prfO ;u/dfyfeGbf klg dfly 5 g]kfndf .
dfcf]jfbL g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] klg e|i6frf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]g . dfcf]jfbL
x'"b}df sDo'lgi6 x'g}k5{ eGg] 5}g . o;sf] pbfx/0f lhNnfb]lv s]Gb|;Dd
gjdfcf]jfbLx?sf] afx'Notf / g]tT[ jk+lSt;"usf] ;fOgf]sf] k|uf9tfn] hgfp"5 .
cfh pgLx?sf] g} lg0ff{os 7fp"df xfnLd'xfnL ePsfn] k|dfl0ft u5{ . lxhf]
hgo'4sfndf dfcf]jfbLsf] Pp6f kIfnfO{ slxNo} cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;fdgf
ug'{ k/]g . lxhf]sf] k};fn] cfh ltgLx? s/f]8klt;Dd ePsf 5g\ . cfh
k};f sdfpg] dfWod km]l/Psf] 5 . csf]{ g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x?df ;fdGtL
rl/q cem} klg ljBdfg 5 . 7"nf] g]tf ePkl5 pgLx?df ;fdGtL rl/q
;Nanfpg yfN5 . ;fdGtL rl/qn] e|i6frf/nfO{ dnhn ug{'ub{5 . cfgf]
Tofu;Dd af]Sg g;Sg] sDo'lgi6x?sf] sdL g]kfndf 5}g . Pp6f k'h
" LjfbL
g]tf;/xsf] rl/q klg ltgLx?df 5}g . ca|fxd ln+sg cd]l/sfsf] /fi6klt
lyP . cd]l/sfdf u[xo'4sf] a]nf lyof] . ljb]zdGqL ;Nnfxsf] nflu XjfO6xfp;
k'Ubf ln+sgn] cfgf] h'Qfdf cfkm}F kfln; nufO/x]sf lyP . of] b]v]/
ljb]zdGqLn] /fi6klth:tf] ul/dfdo kbdf a;]sf] dflg;n] cfgf] h'Qfdf
cfkm}F kfln; nufp"b}gg\, XjfO6xfp;df h'Qfdf kfln; nufpg] dflg;sf]
sdL 5}g t/ tkfO"n] cfgf] h'Qfdf cfkm}F kfln; nufO/xg'ePsf] 5,
cd]l/sfdf ;De|fGt dflg;x?n] cfgf] h'Qfdf cfkm}F kfln; nufp"b}gg\
eg]/ eg] . of] s'/f ;'g]/ ca|fxd ln+sgn] hjfkm lbPsf lyP To;f] eP
ltgLx?n] s;sf] h'Qfdf kfln; nufp"5g\ < dxfTdf ufGwLn] cfgf] sfd
hlt cfkm}F ug]{ uy]{+ . oxf";Dd ls cfgf] rkL{sf] ;kmfO klg cfkm}F ub{y] .
tL g]tfx? slxNo} e|i6 ePgg\ . t/ g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x? oL g]tfx?sf]
kfpsf] w"nf];Dd x'g ;s]gg\ . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] of] Pp6f 7"nf]
qf;bL xf] . n'lDagLsf] ljsf;sf nflu s= k|r08 k|of;/t 5g\ . n'lDagLnfO{
h]?;nd / dSsf em}F ljZjk|l;4 tLy{:yn agfpg] WofpGgdf 5g\ . o;f]
x]bf{ pgL a'4sf] hLjgz}nLaf6 k|efljt ePsf] b]lvG5g\ . t/ s] pgn]
a'4sf] hLjgz}nL ckgfpg ;s]sf 5g\ < s= k|r08lgs6sf g]tfx?sf]
uf]hLsf gjdfcf]jfbL, lxhf]sf vfcf]jfbLx? ePsf 5g\, hgo'4sf lj/f]wLx?
cfh g]tfx?sf] cfkmGt ag]sf] b]Vbf Pp6f ;Rrf sDo'lgi6sf] dg cldnf]
x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx? ;/sf/df cfPkl5 lxhf]sf e|i6x?sf] ;ftf]kT' nf]
p8\g] 5 eGg] hgtfn] 7fg]sf]df cfh emg\ To;sf] ljk/Lt x'"bf s'g d'vn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ eGg] < g]tf dfq e|i6frf/sf] bf]ifL x'g\
/ < sd{rf/L h;nfO{ /fi6;j] s elgG5, h;sf] kf6L{lkR5]s} o'lgogx? 5g\
/ h;sf] g]t[Tj 6f7faf7f / rt'/ o'lgog ln8/x?n] ul//x]sf 5g\, h;n]
cfk"mx?nfO{ ;Rrf /fi6;]js / Odfgbf/ sd{rf/L eg]/ xNnf dRrfp"5g\,
ltgLx? g} cfkm}F sdfp dGqfno, ljefu / sfof{nox?df 5g\\ / cfgf
o'lgogsf glhssf sd{rf/Lx?af6 k};f vfP/ sdfp 7fp"df ;?jf ug{
;lrj, dGqLx?nfO{ 3]g{, wDsL lbg] / bfbflu/L b]vfpg] u5{g\ . sd{rf/L
o'lgogx?sf oL dxf8gx?nfO{ /fi6;]js eGg ;'xfp"5 < kf6L{ g]tfx?sf]
cfzLjf{b logLx?dfly ;bf;j{bf /x]sfn] logLx?sf] ;fx; a9]sf] xf] . o'lgogx?
logLx?s} :jfy{sf nflu u7g ePsf x'g\ / ljkIfdf a;]sf /fhgLlts
bnx?sf] :jfy{l;l4sf nflu u7g ePsf x'g\ . sd{rf/Lx?sf] xslxtsf]
nflu Pp6f dfq o'lgog eP k|z:t k'U5 . o;tkm{ s'g} klg ;/sf/ ;r]t
5}g / ;r]t /xg klg rfxGg .
e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu clVtof/ alnof] x'gk' 5{ . t/, /fhgLlts
efuj08fsf sf/0f / g]tfx? cfk"mx?n] ug]{ u/]sf] e|i6frf/af6 hf]lug
clVtof/nfO{ lgl:qmo kf/]/ /fv]sf 5g\ . clVtof/n] klg 7"nf sd{rf/Lx?
/ g]tfx?sf] dfq e|i6frf/sf] d'2f x]g{] u/]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ ;fgf
sd{rf/Lx?af6 klg s/f]8f}Fdf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . To;tkm{ clVtof/ vfdf]z
5 . ;'Aaf / vl/bf/x?n] klg nfvf},F s/f]8f}F sdfPsf 5g\ oxf" t/ clVtof/sf
cf"vf Totflt/ lsg hfGg < dfn, eG;f/, /fh:j sfof{no, j}bl] zs /f]huf/
/ kl/of]hgfx?df ;?jf ug{ nfvf}F vr{ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . To;tkm{ clVtof/sf]
cf"vf lsg hf"b}g < ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf g]tfx? klg clxn] af7f
ePsf 5g\ . af7f g]tfx? cfkm}F e|i6frf/df k|ToIf?kdf ;+nUg x'Ggg\ .
cfgf dfG5]x?nfO{ sdfp cfdf ;?jf, a9'jf u/]/ pgLx?af6 nfvf}F a'g]
u5{g,\ s/f]8f}s
F f] ;fdfg vl/bdf cfk"m gd'lR5Osg sd{rf/Lx?af6 e|i6frf/
ug{ nufP/ s/f]8f}F cfkm}F s'DNofp"5g\, km;] sd{rf/L km:g], pgLx? rf]vfsf]
rf]v} . ;'8fg 3f]6fnf sf08df ToxL b]lvof] . af7f g]tfx? cfgf] crn
;DklQ c?s} gfddf b]vfP? cfk"m kljqtfsf] Rofb/ cf]8\g] u/]sf] xfdL
;a}n] b]lv/x]sf 5f}F . hgo'4sfnsf] Pp6f 36gf . d;"u} sfd ug{] Pshgf
sd{rf/Ln] g]kfnu~hsf] Go"/f]8df s/La $$ nfvsf] 38]/L lsg]/ 3/
agfPsf lyP . pgsf] x}l;ot Tolt lyPg, d crDd k/]F t/ s]xL eGg
ldn]g . s/La Ps dlxgfcufl8 Pshgf k'/fgf ;fyL e]l6P . d}n] tL
Go"/f]8df 3/ ePsf ;fyLsf] af/]df ;f]wF] . hgo'4sfndf Pshgf dfcf]jfbLn]
p;nfO{ k};f /fVg lbPsf] lyof] /], ToxL k};fdf p;n] ykyfk kf/]/ 3/
agfPsf] /x]5 . clxn] cfP/ tL dfcf]jfbLn] p;"u cfk"mn] /fVg lbPsf] k};f
dfu]5, p;n] cfn6fn ub}{ uPkl5 tL dfcf]jfbLn] 3/ cfgf] gfddf kf;
ul/lbg eg]5 . cGttM wDsLsf] cufl8 pm em's]/ hflu/af6 cjsfz lnO{
kfPsf] k};fn] tL dfcf]jfbLsf] k};f ltof] eg]/ ;fyLn] ;'gfof] . o:tf]
e|i6frf/ dfcf]jfbLleqsf vfcf]jfbLx?n] u/]sf] xfdL w]/} 7fp"df x]g{ ;S5f}F .
hgo'4sfndf lau|s
] f] afgL ePsfx?s} sf/0f dfcf]jfbLleq klg c? bnx?em}F
e|i6frf/n] h/f uf8\g yfn]sf] 5 . kf6L{df d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/ k};f, gftfjfb
/ s[kfjfb aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] nflu of] vt/fsf]
;"rs xf] . v}/, s'/f e|i6frf/s} eO/x]sf] lyof] . d l;+xb/af/ k;]sf] lyP" .
;fyLx? e]6 eP . clxn] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jfsf] df};d /x]5 . ;fob To;}n]
xf]nf o'lgog ln8/x?sf] 8glu/Ln] r'r'/f] 5f]Psf] xf] . ;?jfdf slt 7"nf]
;f}bfafhL x'g]/x]5, g]tfx?sf] d'vaf6 ;'lgof] . Pp6f Pnl8cf]nfO{ eg]sf]
7fp"df ;?jf ubf{ Pnl8cf]n] !% nfv lbg tof/ /x]5g\\ . k'ln; OG;k]S6/n]
t/fO{ / ;LdfIf]qdf ;?jf ul/lbPdf % nfv lbg tof/ /x]5g\, o:t}
j}b]lzs /f]huf/, dfn, eG;f/, /fh:j sfof{nox?sf] klg ;?jfsf] d"No
/x]5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df cfsif{0f k};f b]v]/} xf]nf >ddGqL ;l/tf lu/Ln]
;lrjnfO{ ;?jf ug{'k/]sf], ;l/tfsf] d'v y'lglbg] sfd tL ;lrjn] ug{
yfn]kl5 ;fIfft ;l/tf ;'gfdL aGg afWo eOg\ . l;+xb/af/ n'6s} b/af/
/x]5, Odfgbf/ dGqLx?sf nflu Toxf" s'g} 7fp"g} b]lvg" d}n] .
oL eP 7"nf e|i6frf/sf s'/f . ;fgf e|i6frf/nfO{ xfdL cf"vf lrlDnlbG5f}F .
xfdL ljB't\ dx;'n ltg{ hfG5f}F jf 6]lnkmf]gsf], rf/ ?k}of";Ddsf] lkmtf{ ug{k' g]{
k};f Toxf"sf sd{rf/Ln] lkmtf{ ub}g{ g\, xfdL To;nfO{ ;fgf] k};f eg]/ cf"vf
lrlDnlbG5f}F t/ xfdL;"u Ps ?k}of" sd k/] ltgLx?n] 5f]bg} g\ . xfd|f] ;;fgf
k};fn] ltgLx?n] Pslbgsf] tnaeGbf a9L sdfpg] u5{g\ . o;tkm{ sf]xL af]Nb}gf}F .
;DalGwt lgsfo klg ;a} yfxf kfP/ r"k nfu]/ a:5 . ;fob p;n] sd{rf/Lx?n]
sdfP/ vfpg\ eGg] ;f]rs
] f] xf]nf . k};fnfO{ x6fP/ ?k}of"df dfq /fh:j lng]
rng eOlbP o;lsl;dsf] e|i6frf/af6 pkef]Stfx?n] lghft kfpg] lyP .

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

dfgj, ;dfh / dfgjclwsf/

k[ i 7e" l d
a|Dxf08sf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx dWo]
dfgj k|f0fLnfO{ ;j{>i] 7 k|f0fL dflgG5
eGg] s'/f elg /fVg'kb}g{ / dfgjnfO{
lsg ;j{>i] 7 dflgPsf] xf], Tof] klg
eGg' kb}{g\ . jf:tjdf , dfgjsf]
ljlzi6 a'l4, ljj]s, sfo{Ifdtf /
zf/Ll/s ;+/rgfn] ubf{ g} ;j{>]i7
k|f0fLsf] bhf{ kfPsf 5g\\ . dfgj
;Eotfsf] z'jft;+u} ;dfhsf]
ljhf/f] k 0f ePsf] xf] . ljleGg
r/0fx kf/ ub}{ ;dfh clxn]
ljZjJofkLs/0f ;dfhsf] kdf
ljBdfg 5 . s]xL bzs klxn] dfgj
/ ;dfhsf] bfo/f jf If]q l;ldt
lyof] eg] clxn] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf
dfgj, ;dfh / /fi6sf] bfo/f Unf]an
-Aofks_ ePsf] 5 . ;a}sf ;DaGw
/ lqmofSnfk ;a}sf ;/f]sf/sf ljifo
ag]sf 5g\\ . clxn]sf] kl/jlt{t o'udf
h;n] h] klg ubf{ jf zlQmsf] e/df
dgk/L ug]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5}g\ . ljZj
;d'bfon] Ps csf{nfO{ lgu/fg
ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{, dfgj
/ ;dfhnfO{ Jojl:yt / dfof{lbt
agfpg dfgjclwsf/sf] hGd ePsf]
kfOG5 . dfgjLo rfxgfsf] kl/k"lt{
/ ;'/Iffsf nflu dfgjclwsf/df
ljleGg tl/sfn] ;+/If0f ug]{ u/]sf]
kfOG5 . sfg"gL jf k|dfl0fs kdf
dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL lnlvt klxnf]
b:tfj]h ;g\ !@!% df a]nfotsf
hgtfn] /fhf hf] g sf] ;dodf
d]Ugfsf6f{ -Megnacarta_ sf]
kdf hf/L ug{ nufP . tt\kZrft
;g\ !^*( df a]nfotL ;fF;bn]
xofa; sf6f{ -Habas carta_
nfO{ ;+zf]lwt kdf u|x0f u/] .
To;}u/L ;g\ !&&^ sf] cd]l/sL
:jtGqtf ;+u|fd kl5sf] 3f]if0ffkq /
;g\ !&*( sf] k|mfG;]nL /fHoqmflGt
kZrftsf] gfu/Ls clwsf/
3f]if0ffkqx jt{dfg dfgjclwsf/
3f]if0ff kqsf nflu cfwf/ :tDesf]
kdf ;xof] u u/] s f] b] l vG5 .
kmn:jk ljZjsf cwsfFz ;+ljwfg
h'g ;g\ !&&^ b]lv !&*& sf]
cjlwdf n] l vPsf 5g\ \ , To;df
dfgjsf df}lns xs ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
;xh} b]lvG5 . ;fy} tTkZrft ag]sf
/ aGb} u/]sf ;+ljwfgxdf jf
/fHosf] sfg" g df dfgjclwsf/
;+/If0fsf k|ltlaDax b]lVfG5 .
blIf0f Pl;ofsf] ;Gbe{ d f
dfgjclwsf/sf] s'/f ubf{ lxGb'uG| y
/fdfo0f, dxfef/t, uLtf, dg':d[lt,
nufot cGo wd{ z f:qxdf
dfgjclwsf/ ;DalGw rrf{ jf ljZn]if0f
kfOG5 . To;}u/L O:nfd wd{sf] s'/fg
/ O;fO{ wd{sf] afOandf klg kfOG5 .
o;af6 s] k|i6 x'G5 eg] dfgj ;Eotfsf]
kl/sNkgf;+u} dfgjclwsf/n] klg s'g}
g s'g} kdf ;dfhdf :yfg kfPsf]
b]lvG5 . h'g s'/f wfld{s u|Gyxsf]
;'Id ljZn]if0faf6 xfdL ;xh} kdf
efg ug{ ;S5f}+ .
dfgjclwsf/sf] kl/ro /
Oltxf;
dfgj eP/ hGd]kl5 hxfF ;'s}
h' g a] n f klg p;n] kfpg} kg] {
clwsf/nfO{ dfgjclwsf/ eGg
;lsG5 . cem k|i6 eGg] xf] eg],
dfgjclwsf/ eg]sf] ljZj;d'bfon]
;femf kdf dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf
x/]s dfgjsf Gofof]lrt bfaL x'g\ .
csf]{ lsl;dn] eGbf dfgjclwsf/
dflg;sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf], h'g
clwsf/ hxfF;'s} a:g] ;Df:t dfgj
hfltsf nflu x' G 5 / o;nfO{
dfgjhfltsf] k|fs[lts clwsf/ klg
eGg ;lsG5 . dfgjclwsf/ lsGg,
sdfpg cyjf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ljifo
xf]Og . of] :jtM l;4 ;dfgtfsf
cfwf/df ;a}n] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] /
s;}n] x/0f ug{ jf vf]:g g} gkfpg]
clwsf/ xf] . t;y{, dfgjclwsf/nfO{
df}lns clwsf/, k|fs[lts clwsf/,
cljefHo cwsf/, g};lu{s clwsf/
h:tf w]/} pkdfn] bfFHg] uC0f5 .
dfgjclwsf/ dfgjk|lt k"0f{
pQ/bfoL ePsf] clwsf/ xf] . h'g;'s}
hft, wd{, ln+u, pTklQ, z}lIfs tyf

wd]{Gb|s'df/ emf cfo{

If]qut k[i7e"ldsf] JolQm ePklg
dfgjsf gftfn] p;sf Go"gtd
cfjZostfx ;dfg x' G 5g\ \ /
;Ddflgt hLjg lhpgsf nflu p;sf
tL cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx kl/k"lt{
x'gk' b{5 . oL cfjZostfx dflg;sf]
;'/Iff, klxrfg / ;xeflutf;+u
hf]l8Psf x'G5g\\ / oL d"ne"t kIfnfO{
/fHon] ;+/If0f jf ;Ddfg u/]dfq
dfgjclwsf/sf] kfngf x' G 5 .
clwsf/ / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ Ps}
lsl;dn] a'emg ;lsb}+g\ . oL b'O{
zAbsf] km/skm/s cy{ kfOG5 .
clwsf/ eg]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} j:t'
dflysf] bfjL jf ;/f]sf/ xf] . ;fy}
clwsf/sf] bfo/f b] z sf P] g ,
sfg"gf/f lglZrt ul/Psf x'G5g\\ .
/ clwsf/ JolQmJolQm aLrsf]
;DaGwdf lglxt x'g] ljifo xf] . t/
dfgjclwsf/ JolQm / /fHoaLr
cGt;{DalGwt jf lglxt ljifo xf] .
dfgjclwsf/sf pkef]usf] ;jfndf
gful/sx bfjLstf{ x'g eg] /fHon]
st{ J o lgjf{ x ssf Kfdf
dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f /
kl/k" l t{ s tf{ s f] e" l dsf lgjf{ x
ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] cfgf] bfloTj k'/f
gu/]sf] jf bfloTjaf6 efu]sf] sf/0fn]
JolQm jf ;d'bfosf] cfwf/e"t dfgjLo
l:ytL Wj;+ ePsf] jf k|fKt ug{
c;dy{ ePsf] eP To;nfO{
dfgjclwsf/ xgg -Human Rights
Violation_ ePsf] dfGg'kb{5 .
dfgjclwsf/ xggdf /fHosf] k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf /x]s} x'G5 .
;dfhdf x'g] ;a} g/fd|f 36gfx
dfgjclwsf/ xgg xf]Ogg\ . w]/} h;f]
JolQm JolQmaLrsf ;DaGwsf sf/0fn]
cfwf/e"t dfgjLo l:yltsf] Wj+; x'bF f
ck/fw x'g] ub{5g\\ . cem k|i6 kdf
eGbf dfgjclwsf/ xgg x'gnfO{ ls
t /fHosf] k|ToIf jf k/f]If ;+nUgtf
b]lvg'kb{5 ls t p cfgf] bfloTjaf6
efu]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
dfgjclwsf/ pNn+wg, ck/fw /
HofbtLnfO{ klg ;'Id ljZn]if0fsf]
cfjZostf b]lvG5 . lsgeg] k|foM
tL zAbxnfO{ Ps csf{sf] k"/ssf]
kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . t/
tL zAbnfO{ o;/L a'emg ;lsG5 .
/fHof/f dfgjclwsf/sf ljZjJofkL
dfGotf ljk/Ltsf sfo{ ug'{, ltgsf]
sfof{Gjog gug'{ tyf u}//fHo kIfaf6
dfgjclwsf/ pkef]udf l;h{gf
ul/Psf] jfwf c8\rgdf ;'/Iff k|bfg
gug'{nfO{ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf]
kdf lng ;lsG5 . o;sf ljkl/t,
JolQmJolQm aLrdf x'g] xTof, s'6lk6
h:tf 36gfx ck/fw x' g \ .
ck/flws sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{
;hfosf] eflubf/ agfpg g;Sg'
b08lxgtf xf] / of] dfgjclwsf/
pNn+wg klg xf] . To;}u/L /fHokIf
afx]s cGo ;d"xx h:t} ljb|f]xL
;d"xn] u/]sf] dfgjclwsf/ k|lts'n
sfo{ dfgjclwsf/ HofbtL x'g\ jf
s'g} /fhgLlts ;d"x tyf ;+u7gn]
o'4sf qmddf cfk"mn] u/]sf sfo{af6
sf]xL s;}sf] dfgjclwsf/df bvn
k'u]df To;nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf]
HofbtL elgG5 . dfgjclwsf/sf
sfo{If]q jf ljifoj:t'nfO{ d'VotM b'O{
efudf afF8\g ;lsG5 M
s_ cfd dfgjclwsf/ M o; cGtu{t
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, gful/s
tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ kb{5g\\ eg]
v_ ljlZfi6Ls[t clwsf/ cGtu{t
dlxnf clwsf/, afnclwsf/,
cNk;+Vossf clwsf/, z/0ffyL{sf
clwsf/, cflb kb{5g\\ . o;nfO{
tLgefudf afF8/] klg a'em\g ;lsG5 .
!_ gful/s / /fhgLlts clwsf/
(Civil and Political Rights)
h;nfO{ First Generation Rights

klg eGg] uC0f5 . o; cGtu{t

:jtGqtf tyf ;'/IffnfO{ a9L hf]8
lbOPsf] kfOG5 .
@_ cfly{ s tyf ;fdflhs
clwsf/ (Economic and social
Rights) h;nfO{ second

klg eGg] uC0f5 .

o;n] lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfgf, /f]huf/,
plrt jf;:yfg nufotsf cfwf/e"t
s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . /
#_ jftfj/l0fo, ;fF:s[lts tyf
j}sfl;s clwsf/ (Environmenta,
generation

Caltural and Developmental

Rights)
h;nfO{ Third
Generation Rights eGg]

uC0f5 . o;n] :j:y jftfj/0f,

;F : s[ l t / ef} l ts ljsf;nfO{
:jtGqtfk"j{s k|of]u ug{] s'/fnfO{
hf]8 lbG5 . oL ofjt ljifoj:t'x
ePsf]
x' g fn]
cF u | ] h Ldf
dfgjclwsf/nfO{ o;/L JoQm ul/Psf]
kfOG5 .
Human Rights can be
defined as those basic
standarda without which
people can not life in dignite
as human beings. Further
more human are the
Foundation of fredom Justice
and Peace

dfgjclwsf/sf] Oltxf;nfO{
a'emgnfO{ dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwdf
ljZjJofkL kdf ePsf ljleGg
;Dd]ngxsf af/]df klg ;lDemg'kg]{
x'G5 . ;g\ !*!% df ePsf] leogf
;Dd]ng df g]kf]lnog af]gfkf6{
af6/n' s f] o' 4 kZrft Jofks
hgxTof /f]Sg / cGt/fli6o sfg"g
k|ltkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !*!$
b]lv !*!% ;Dd ci6l] nofsf] /fhwfgL
leogfdf o'/f]kn
] L /fHoxsf] ;Dd]ng
ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;Dd] n gdf
ci6]lnof, k|mfG;, la|6]g, kf]t'{un,
kl;{of, :k]g, l:j8]g Pj+ ;sf]
;xeflutf lyof] . vf;u/L o;
;Dd]ngn] bf; k|yf lj4 ;sf/fTds
kxn ug{ ;kmn b]lvof] . To;}u/L
;g\ !**% df aln{g ;Dd]ng ePsf]
lyof] . h;df !^ /fi6x efu lnPsf
lyP / pQm ;Dd]ngn] klg bf;
pGd"ngsf] nflu s8f lgod agfpgdf
hf]8 lbPsf lyP . csf]{ ;g\ !*()
df a|';]N; ;Dd]ng ePsf] kfOG5 .
h;df !* /fi6x ;xefuL eO{ bf;
Jofkf/ / bf;tf lj4 x:tfIf/ u/L
;;St sfof{Gjogdf k|ltj4tf hfx]/
u/]sf lyPxt . To:t} ;g\ !*(( /
!()& sf] x]u ;Dd]ngn] ;Defljt
o'4sf] vt/faf6 o'/f]kn
] LxnfO{ hf]ufO{
/fVg / dfgjclwsf/sf] xgg x'g
glbg] p2]Zon] lgz:qLs/0f tyf
cGt/fli6 o ljjfbsf] zflGtk" 0 f{
lg/fs/0f ug{ :yfoL dWo:ytf
cbfnt -Permanent Court of
Arbitration_ sf] :yfkgf ug{]
3f]if0ff u/] . t/ k|yd ljZjo'4sf
sf/0f o;n] cfgf] nIo k|fKt ug{
;s]gg\ . h] eP klg ;g\ !*^$ sf
h]g]ef dxf;lGw tfsf /]8qm;
cGt/fli6o ;ldltsf] :yfkgf eof] .
h;n] dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu
7"nf] of]ubfg lbof] . ;g\ !(!( df
dfgjclwsf/ ;Daw{ g sf nflu
League oF Nations sf] :yfkgf
eof] . tyfkL ;g\ !(#( b]lv !($%
;Dd lg/Gt/ rn]sf] dxfg/;+xf/ bf];f| ]
ljZjo'4n] Jofks dfgjclwsf/
pNn+3g uof]{ / 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt
eof] . kmn:jk ;g\ !($! df
Atlantic Charter hf/L
eof] . h;df elgPsf] lyof] ls ;a}
dflg;x cfcfgf] e"efudf eo /
cefjaf6 d'Qm eP/ afFRg kfpg] 5g\\
To;}qmddf ;g\ !($% df Yalta
conference ;DkGg eof] .
h;sf] p2]Zo ;+;f/df g} zflGt axfnL
ug] { lyof] . h;df cd] l /sf,
;f] l eot;+ 3 , / a] n fotsf
k|ltlgwLxn] cGt/fli6o ;+u7gsf
nflu k|fk tof/ u/] . To;} cg'k
@% clk|n !($% b]lv @% h"g !($%
;Dd cd]l/sfsf] ;fgk|mflG;:sf]df
;DkGg ;Dd] n gn] United
Nations Organization
:yfkgf uof]{ / @$ cS6'a/ !($%
b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L j8fkqdf x:tfIf/

uof] . ;fy} UNO sf] a8fkqsf] wf/f

^* adf]lhd ;g\ !($^ df ul7t
dfgjclwsf/
cfof] u nfO{
International Bill of Human
Rights tof/ kfg] { lhDd] a f/L
lbOof] . / pQm cfof]un] ;g\ !($&
df dfgjclwsf/sf] lnlvt d:of}bf
tof/ uof]{ . h;nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6
;+3sf] dxf;efn] !) l8;]Da/ !($*
sf lbg kfl/t u/L hf/L uof]{ . pQm
ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf dfgjclwsf/
;DalGw ljleGg d'2fxnfO{ ;d]6L
#) wf/fdf 3f]if0ff uof]{ . / ljZjsf
;a} /fi6xnfO{ cg'df]bg ug{ UNO
n] cfAxfg u/] . t/ s]xL bzskl5
;g\ !((# df !&! j6f /fi6 ;xeflu
ePsf] World conference n]
ljZjsf (( k| l tzt hgtfsf]
k| l tlglwTj x' g ] u/L pQm Declaration of Human
Rights_ 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg
u/] . h;n] ubf{ dfgjclwsf/sf]
dxTj ;+;f/ e/L g} a9\of] . g]kfnn]
;g\ !((! sf] !$ dO{ d f pQm
3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
lgisif{
o;/L dfgjclwsf/ ;DalGw
ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq ;+u} o;}sf
cfwf/df s]xL 5'f5'} cle;GwLx
klg hf/L ul/Psf 5g\ \ .
dfgjclwsf/s} dfkb08 cg';f/ ;g\
!(^% df hftLo lje]b lj4sf]
cGt/fli6o dxf;lGw, ;g\ !(&( df
dlxnf lj4 x'g] ;a}vfn] e]befj
pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw, ;g\ !(*(
df afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, ;g\ @))^
df ckftf ePsf] JolQm / ltgsf
kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f
;DalGw dxf;lGw, ;g\ !(*$ sf]
oftgf tyf cGo q'm/ cdfgjLo jf
ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hfo
lj4 sf] dxf;lGw, ;g\ @))^ sf]
ank"js
{ j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmxnfO{
;+/If0f ;DalGw dxf;lGw nufot
cGo w]/} cle;lGw / dxf;lGwx
ePsf] kfO{G5 . h;nfO{ ljsl;t
d'ns
' xn] w]/} xb;Dd kfngf u/]sf
5g\\ eg] cljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v
d'n'sdf dfgjclwsf/ nufot cGo
dxf;lGwxsf] kfngf bogLo
cj:yfdf g} /x]sf] kfO{G5 . of] s'/f
xfd|f] ;fd" 7"nf] r'gf}tL ag]/ cfPsf]
5, ha sL /fli6o tyf cGt/fli6o
bft[;+:yfxn] dfgjclwsf/ h:tf
;+ j ] b gzLn d' 2 fxdf / cGo
cfwf/e"t ljsf;sf sfo{of]hgfxdf
7"nf] nufgL jf ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\\
;fy} w]/} ;+3;+:yfx dfgjclwsf/
;+/If0f / ;+a{4gsf nflu nfluk/]sf
5g\\ t/ x'g'kg]{ pknAwL b]lvb}+g\ .
o;df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf
;xefuL ePsf JolQm / ;+3;+:yfx
af6 klg o;sf] kfngf u/] s f]
b]lvb}g+ . Tof] lsg xf]nf < zfob xfdL
u}/ lhDd]jf/ t eO/x]sf 5}gf}+ < o:tf
ljleGg k|Zgx xfd|f] ;fd'g] k|To]s
;do cfpg] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . jf:tjdf
clxn]sf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/ klg
xfdL k/Dk/fut ;f]r ljrf/ / nf]eL
:jfyL{ OR5fsf ;fy cfgf] hLjg
latfO/x]sf 5f}+ . s] o:tf ;f]r
+ , ljrf/
/ OR5fn] xfdLnfO{ ;+;f/df dfgjsf]
kdf lrgfpF5 t < oL ofjt\ uDeL/
k|ZgxnfO{ klg xfdLn] dgg\ ug}{
k5{ . t;y{ lgisif{ kdf eGbf xfdL
a|Dxf08sf ;j{>i] 7 k|f0fL ePsf] x'gfn]
;j{>]i7 k|f0fLs} kdf ;dfhdf
of]ubfg lbO{ cfgf] dfgjLo ;Eotfsf]
kl/ro lbg'k5{ . o; s'/fnfO{ rl/tfy{
ug{ k|Voft lxGb' zf:q uLtf pkb]zdf
elgPsf] 5, l/Qf] xft k[YjLdf cfO{G5
/ l/Qf] xft of] ;+;f/af6 uOG5Au .
eGg'sf] tfTko{ cfk"m hGd]sf] e"dL jf
;+:ff/df s]xL u'0f nufP/ hfg'k5{
h;n] dfgjkL hGdnfO{ ;fsf/
u/fpF5 . sd;]sd dfgjclwsf/sf]
;+/If0f jf kfngf u/L ;Eo / ;r]t
gful/ssf] kl/ro lbg'k5{ . xfdLn]
s;}nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] c;xof]u
gu/L ;Dk"0f{ hutnfO{ ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ .
ho dfgjtf
dw]z bk0f{af6

nf}====
k|lta4 / d]lxgtsf] cfjZostf 5 .
b] z n] ev{ / } e| i 6frf/lj?4sf]
cleofgdf ;+oS' t /fi6;3+ af6 3f]lift
dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . ca
lj:tf/} e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL cleofgn]
;fy{stf kfpg] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;d:of
eg]sf] Lack of Civic sense g} xf] .
xfdL ljb]zdf a:g]xn] kfPsf] lzIff
/ cg'ej eg]sf] of] klg Ps dxTjk"0f{
xf] . xfdLn] b]v]sf] ef]u]sf] ;Eo
dflg;xsf] Attitude Jojxf/df
ptfof}F eg] ;dfhnfO{ ;lhn} kl/at{g
ug{ ;S5f}F . ;dfhnfO{ cfjZos kg]{
gLlt, lgodsf] ljw] o s agfP/
;/sf/nfO{ nfu" ug{ ;'emfj lbg ;S5f}F .
d] r Lb] l v dxfsfnL;Dd Pp6f
kfl/jfl/s ;~hfndf afFlwPsf] Pp6}
kl/jf/sf xfdL g]kfnLn] hfkflgheGbf
pRr lzn, :jefj, ;xof] u /
;b\ e fjo' S t gful/sx a;] s f]
pbfx/0fLo b]z agfpg ;S5f}F lsgls
xfd|f] b]zd} zflGt, lzn / bofsf b"t
eujfg\ uf}td a'4 hlGdPsf x'g\ .
pgsf] lzIffaf6 l;Sg ;Sg' ;S5f}F .
;dfhdf Civic Sense sf]
Jojxfl/skn] sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg'
g} xfd|f] xhf/f}F ;d:ofsf] h8\ ePsf]
5 . cfgf] clwsf/sf] nflu csf{sf]
clwsf/ vf]:g x'Gg eGg] ;fdfGo
;f]rnfO{ ;d]t xfdLn] Jojxf/df ptfg{
;s]sf 5}gf}F . xfdL hf] ljb]zdf 5f}F
Civic sense eg]sf] s] xf] <
o;sf] dxTj slt 5 < s;/L
nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 < eGg] s'/f] l;s]sf
5f}F . To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;/sf/
/ gful/snfO{ clek|l] /t ug{k' 5{ . b]z
gaGg'df cf+lzskdf bf]if g]tfxsf]
eP klg gful/s g} a9L lhDd]jf/
5f}F . xfd|f] 9f]s] k|j[lQ, cN5Lkg,
cf8Da/ / Odfgbfl/tfsf] sdL klg
xf] . ;dfhsf] ljs[ltnfO{ x6fP/
;';+:s[lt / ;b\Jojxf/ b]vfpg]
bfloTj xfd|f] xf] . g]tfn] tf]8kmf]8 u/,
6fo/ afn eG5g\ eg] o;f] ug{ cg'lrt
xf] ub}g{ f}F eGg' xfd|f] sfd xf] . xfdLn]
e'mSg] / e'msfpg] k|jl[ Qsf] cGTo u/f}F .
dfgjLo d"No / dfGotf sf] dd{nfO{
Jojxf/df ptfg]{ cleofg rnfp,
k|To]sju{ / If]qsf gful/snfO{ cfgf]
xslxtsf] nflu s;/L k|lt:kwL{ aGg]
eGg] s'/f]sf] r]tgf hufpg'k5{ .
jf:tjdf xfdLn] 7"nf] cfsf+IffnfO{
Odfgbfl/tfsf] s;Ldf /fv]/ clnslt
v'DRofpg ;Sof}F . cf8Da/ Tofu]/
cgf] x}l;otnfO{ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s
;dfhdf lehfpg ;Sof}F / cfgf]
l5d]sL ;fyLefO jf cfk"meGbf b'MvL,
kLl8tsf] b'Mvdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;Sof}F
eg] xfdL klg cfg} b]zdf v';Ll;t
/dfP/ a:g ;S5f} . lx+;f xf]Og k|d] ,
ljjfb xf]Og ;xdlt, cj/f]w xf]Og,
;xof]u ug{k' 5{ b]z agfpg / zflGt
sfod /fVg eGg] s'/f] lab]lzPsf nfvf}F

g]kfnL a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . bf];f| ] bhf{sf]

gful/s ag]/ JolStut dgf]sf+Iffsf]
nflu ljb]zdf knfog gxf},F cfgf] b]z
cfkm}F agfcf},F nf} g]kfnL ca b]z kmsf}+{ .

ljxf/====
nfn' ofbjn] t gLltz s'df/n] cfgf]
gfdsf] a|fl08 ug{ /fHo sf]ifsf] 9's6' L
vr{sf] cf/f]k nufP . ef/tdf klg
ljxf/ cfgf] b]zs} nflu a]OHht 7fGg]
hgdt cem} klg 5 . To;}n] klg
ljxf/sf] ljsf;lagf ef/tsf] ;du|
ljsf; ;Dej gb]Vg] hgdt alnof],
ePs} sf/0f a;]{lg s]lGb|o nufgL
pNn]vgLo kdf a9]sf] 5 . s]xL
jif{cl3 dfq ljxf/sf] cfly{s ultljlw
Go"g k|foM lYfof] . To;}n,] clxn] ;8s
lj:tf/ / cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df ePsf]
nufgLn] ljxf/df 7"nf] txNsf Nofpg'
:jefljs} xf] . h'g nfdf] ;do;Dd
sfod /xg] ;Defjgf sd 5 . 7"nf]
s]lGb|o nufgLsf sf/0f ePsf] tLj|
ultsf] cfly{s j[l4nfO{ dfq ljxf/
ljsf;sf] ;"rs agfpg' ljsf;] b[li6n]
7Ls xf]Og . ljsf;sf] nflu ljxf/L
z}nLdf vf;} kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g .
Unf]an ;ld6nfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ ToxfF
pRr ;'/Iff ;ts{tf / cGo ljsf;]
sfo{qmd x'bF f klg ;8sdf lvof nfu]sf
l8efO8/, k6gf ;x/sf d'Vo ;8s
5]pdf 8lDk ul/Psf k'/fgf uf8Lx
cflbn] ToxfFsf] ljsf;sf] :t/nfO{ xNsf
agfOlbG5 . ;x/x x'g\ jf ;x/ pGd'v
ufFpn] j:tL, ;~rfng ;+:s[lt lelqPs}
5}g . cem :sl6sf uf8Lx hfFbf
af6f]af6 nLn] lk6\b} kfvf nufOPsf]
b[Zo b]lvg'n] klg ljxf/ kl/jt{g
eO;s]sf] eGg]xsf nflu k|ZglrXg
xf] . ;8sdf b]lvg] guGo dlxnf
pkl:yltn] emg\ ToxfF p7]sf] pRr dlxnf
;zStLs/0fdf ;d]t k|ZglrGx nufpg
ljjz kf5{ . t/, To;sf] dfg] gLltzn]
;a} xfjfbf/L dfq u/] eGg] xf]Og .
oyfy{tfrflxF gLltz s'df/sf] g]tT[ jdf
ljxf/df kl/jt{gsf] uf8L rNg ;'?
ePsf] dfq xf] . cfgf] /fHodf /x]sf]
jg ;Dkbf emf/v08 ljefhg;Fu}
u'dfPkl5 ljxf/nfO{ kof{j/0f / hnL
cfjZostfn] r/dkdf ;tfPsf]
lyof] . To;}sf] nflu gLltzn] cfgf]
kf6L{ ;b:otf lng Pp6f ?v x'sf{pg}
kg]{ lgod agfP . ?v x'sk]{ l5 dfq
kf6L{ ;b:o eGg] cfgf] gf/fn] s]xL
jif{ l eq ljxf/df jg;Dkbf !%
k|ltzt;Dd lj:tf/ x'g] d'VodGqL
gLltz s'df/sf] cfzf 5 . ljBfnodf
ljBfyL{ pkl:ylt a9fpg klg
rflnPsf sbd s]xL tTsfnsf] nflu
xNnf ug]{ h:tf 5g\ . ;fOsn afF8/]
:s'ntkm{ cfslift{ ubf{ of] tTsfnnfO{
;kmntfh:tf] b]lvPnf t/ dflg;sf]
dgl:yltdf ;'wf/ gNofP;Dd tL ;kmn
x'bF g} g\ eGg] g]kfnsf tkfO{d+ f rn]sf
lgMz'Ns rkL{ agfOg] cleofgn] klg
b]vfpF5 h'g klg :6f]/?dsf] kdf
k|of]u eP .

7
k|wfgdGqLsf====

lrlgofF k|wfgdGqLsf] pSt e|d0fnfO{

sltko ljZn] z sxn] 6 f lGh6
e|d0fsf] kdf ljZn]if0f u/]sf] kfOof]
lsgls pxfF g]kfn x'bF } vf8L d'ns
' tkm{
nfUg' ePsf] lyof] . Ps bzs k5fl8
aNnaNn x'g uPsf] e|d0f g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df ;fob of] g} klxnf]
cf}krfl/s 5f]6f] ;dosf] e|d0f x'g
k'us
] f] 5 h]xf];\ nfdf] ;do x'g g;s]
klg sDtLdf Ps /ft a;fOsf] e|d0f
x'g ;s]sf] lyof] eg] ;fdfGotM lrQ
a'emfO{ ug]{ 7fpF x'GYof], h;n] g]kfnsf]
lubf]{ 5ljnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd 6]jf lbg
;SbYof] . kl5Nnf] ;do /fi6;+3Lo
dxf;lrj jfg ls d'gsf] cfufdL
j}zfv !^ ut] x'g] elgPsf] g]kfn
e|d0faf/] lgSs} rrf{ rn] tfklg
cGttM lgwf{ l /t ;dodf e| d 0f
:yugsf] va/n] k'gM :tAw agfPsf]
5 lsg ;/sf/sf] Pskl5 csf]{
sdhf]/Lkg b]lvFb}5 < lbgk|ltlbg
g]kfnsf] 5lj sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf]
k| d fl0ft x' F b } 5 , 36gfn]
cGt/f{li6o:t/df ;sf/fTdseGbf
gsf/fTds g} ;Gb]z hfg] b]lvG5 .
of] s'g} /fhgLlts bn, ju{ljz]if
geO{ g]kfnsf] 5lj / k|lti7f;Fu
hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf], g]kfnsf] 5lj
lau|g', sdhf]/ x'g' eg]sf] xfdL ;a}
g] k fnLsf] ;fv lug' { xf] , o:tf]
;+j]bgzLn ljifodf ;/sf/ uDeL/
x'gk' g]{ ls gkg{] < cem} slt nfrf/
k|s6 ub}{ g]kfnsf] lubf]{ 5ljnfO{
cGt/f{li6o hut\df ljZjf;of]Uo
jftfj/0f l;h{ g f u/] / cl:tTj
arfpm gug]{ xf] < of] sfd s'g}
;j{;fwf/0fn] u/]/ x'g] t kSs} xf]Og
g ls ;fj{hlgs:yndf lj/f]w, h'n;
' ,
df]6/sf kf\u|f hnfP/, ;fj{hlgs
;DklQ tf]8kmf]8 u/]/ x'g] xf], s]jn
;/sf/sf] s'6gLlts sfo{bIftfleq
kg]{ ljifo xf] . g]kfnsf] s'6gLlts
sfo{bIftfnfO{ ;do;fk]If ljsl;t
ub}{ nfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . s'6gLlts If]qdf
s'6gLlts bIftf xfl;n u/]sf of]Uo
kfqnfO{ dfq 5gf]6 u/L /fhgLlts
efuj08fdf kfGt/0f gu/L :jtGq
9n] s'6gLlts txnfO{ alnof]
agfpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
xfdLn] cGt/f{ l i6 o hut\ d f
ljZjf;of]Uo jftfj/0f sfod ug{
;s]gf}F eg] ef]lnsf lbgdf o:tf 36gf
gbf]xf]l/Pnf eGg] 5}g b]z / hgtfsf]
5ljnfO{ df6f]df ldnfpg] sfd gxf];\ .
;dod} ;b\a'l4 cfcf];\ . @)^@^#
sf] cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ d'ns
' u0ftGqdf
k| j ] z u/] k Zrft\ jt{ d fg;Dd
cfOk'Ubf ;+of]u g} kg{ uPsf] xf] ls
s] xf] < /fi6kltsf] gfddf /fd
e'mG8]sf], k|wfgdGqLsf] gfddf klg
/fd e'mG8]sf], w]/} k6s k|wfgdGqL
kbsf] bf}8df /xg' ePsf g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf g]tf /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf]
gfddf klg /fd e'mlG8g k'u]sf] 5 .
oL tLgj6} gfdn] d'ns
' df dxTjk"0f{
cl:tTj /fVb5 /fd gfd kljq
kdf ;d:t lxGb'xn] cfhsf
lbg;Dd pRrf/0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\
/fdnfO{ eujfg\sf] kdf k"hf ug]{
k/Dk/fb]lv rnL cfPsf] wfld{s /Llt
xf] . To;sf/0f klg /fd gfdsf] dxTj
ck/Dkf/ 5 . dgf]j}1flgs kdf
g]kfnL hgtfn] sfNklgs /fd/fHosf]
kl/sNkgf u/]sf] cj:yf lyof] .
geGb} kb axfnL ePsf] 5f]6f] ;dodf
s]xL ;'wf/sf ;+s]t b]vf gk/]sf
xf]Ogg\, k|wfgdGqLn] ;/sf/L ;]jf
;'ljwfafkt d':tf uf8L k|of]ub]lv
;/sf/L txaf6 ahf/ cg'udg ub}{
jiff}b+{ l] v ;8]un]sf ;fdu|Laf6 lgld{t
vfB j:t' a] R g] n ufot cGo
sfnfahf/L ug]{pk/ sf/afxL u/]/
s]xL dfqfdf eg] klg pkef]Stf
ju{nfO{ /fxt lbg ;kmn x'g' ePsf
k|wfgdGqL lj:tf/}lj:tf/} ljleGg
:jfy{tTjxsf] 3]/fdf 3]l/P/ kUng
;'? x'g' ePsf] 36gf ljifon] k'li6
ub}{5 . lj:tf/}lj:tf/} lxhf] JoSt
ul/Psf cleJolSt ljk/Ltsf
sfdx ;' ? x' g yfn] s f 5g\ .
cfd;j{;fwf/0f rlst kg{ yfn]sf
5g, xf]Og s] x'g nfUof] < of] t
crDd eof] eGb} Pscfk;df
d'vfd'v ub}{ lha|f] 6f]Sg yfn]sf 5g\ .
lbg xf] ls /ft ;kgfdf xf] ls
lakgfdf xf] eGg] 5'6o\ fpg xDd]xDd]
kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . s] csf]{ crDd x'g

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

yfNof] s:tf] sfn, ;do cfP5 nf}g
x] /fd xfd|f] /Iff ug{x' f];\ . xfd|f] eujfg\
eg]s} ltdL xf} nf}g k|e' arfpg';\
xfdL tkfO{s
+ f] z/0fdf k/]sf 5f}F eGb}
sf]nfxn ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf b]z /
hgtfn] wf]vf vfPsf 5g\, d'vn] Ps
yf]s eGg] sfdn] cs}{ x'g uPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL hgtfn] olt dfq eGg afFsL
5 ls /fd=== /fd=== /fd=== le/af6
n8\g] uf]?nfO{ /fd /fd l;jfo c?
s] g} ug{ ;S5g\ / < ;/sf/sf]
sfo{ sfn d"Nof+s g ug] { xf] eg]
hgck]Iffadf]lhd sfd x'g g;s]sf]
tLtf] oyfy{ xf] zflGt ;'/Iff, dxFuL
lgoGq0f, /f]huf/ j[l4, :jf:Yo,
lzIffh:tf hgtfsf] b}lgs hLjg;Fu
hf]l8Psf clt ;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{
s]nfP/ x]g{] xf] eg] ;/sf/n] dfvf]
dfg{ ;s]sf] b]lvFbg} . lghfdtL If]qdf
x]g{] xf] eg] sxLF gePsf] hfqf xfF8L
ufpFdf eg]h:tf] sd{rf/LxnfO{
dgf]dfgL 9n] ;?jfa9'jfsf] gfddf
cft+s em}F dRrfPsf] b]lvG5 . cfgf
cf;]kf;] cf1fsf/L 3/df kfn]sf] kfNt'
s's'/ a/fa/ 7fg]/ akmfbf/dfkm{t\
cfgf];d]t b'gf] ;f]ofpg] v]ndf
sf]eGbf sf] sd eGb} sDd/ s;]/
nfluk/]sf 5g\ . axfnjfnf dGqLn]
cfg} dGqfno e|i6frf/Lxsf] cv8f
/x] 5 eg] / ;fj{ h lgs kdf
af]Nbf;d]t s'g} cy{ / dxTj /fVb}g
eg] g]kfnsf] /fHo Joj:yf slt lg/Lx
/ sdhf]/ eO;s]5 dflysf] 36gfn]
k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . xf]Og eg] k|wfgdGqLn]
lsg 6'n'6'n' x]/L a:g' ePsf] 5 <
t'?Gt sf/afxL ug{] lxDdt lsg ug{'
x'Gg < b]z ;+qmd0fsfndf u'h|]sf] xf]
eGb}df cfgf] sfd / st{Jok|ltsf]
af]w slxn] x'g] xf] < ;+qmd0fsfn 6'lg]
s'g} 5fF6sfF6 5}g . ;+qmd0fsfnnfO{
hlt nDAofpg ;Sof] Tolt g} kmfObf
b]lv/xg], cfk"m cfk"mdf emu8f ug{],
Pscfk;df bf]iff/f]k0f u/]/ g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ /}tLeGbf tNnf] :t/sf]
36Lof Jojxf/ cfh s;n] b]vfO/x]sf]
5 < g]kfnL hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6
nfdf] ;do;Dd nfb]/ e'F8L s;n]
el//fv]sf] 5 < g]kfnL hgtfn] lbPsf]
hgdtnfO{ nfQfn] xfg]/ n8\ofpg]
sfd s;n] ul//fv]sf] 5 < ;dod}
;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f ug{ k7fPsf
hgk|ltlglwxnfO{ s;n] cfFvfdf
kL afF w ] / /fv] s f] 5 < b] z
;+ q md0fsfndf u' h | ] s f] 5 eGg]
;+qmd0fsfnsf] kmfObf lnP/ b]z /
hgtfk| l t hjfkmb] x L x' g ' gkg] {
s';+:sf/ /x];Dd xfdL ;j{;fwf/0f
eg]sf logsf cufl8 e]8fafv|fsf]
uGtLdf klg gkg]{ lglZrt 5 . cfgf]
:jfy{l;4 ug{ h:tf];s
' } l3gf}gf xs{t
ug{ k5fl8 gkg{]xnfO{ sfFw xfn]/
af]Nbfsf] kl/0ffd cfh xfdL ef]Ub}5f}F .
ca g]kfnL hgtfsf] sfFw uln;s]sf]
5, w]/} ;do sfFwdf /fv]/ yfdL /xg]
zlSt ;lsPsf] 5, un]sf] sfFwaf6
ofFSbfsf] kl/0ffd eljion] atfpg]
5 . o:tf] /Llj/L jftfj/0fsf]
ufO{hfqf sltGh]n x]gk{' g]{ xf], d'ns
' sf]
lhDd] j f/
txdf
k' u ] s f
hgk|ltlglwx sf]xL dlb/f vfP/
cfgf] c;nL xs{t b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ .
sf]xL e|i6frf/ u/]/ ;'lsnf] eP/
a|Xdn'6 ul//x]sf 5g\, sf]xL ljb]z
hfg le;fsf] ;d]t hfgsf/L g/fvL
aLr af6f]df k'u]kl5 dfq xf];df
cfpF 5 g\ , sf] x L ;?jfa9' j fdf
e|i6frf/ eof], cf;]kf;]nfO{ sdfO{ x'g]
cfsif{ 0 f 7fpF d f ;?jfsf] nflu
bfbflul/ b]vfpFb} 5g\ . sf]xL o:tf]
jftfj/0fdf sfd ug{ g;Sg] a?
/fhLgfdf lbg] ljsNkdf hfg afWo
ePsf 5g\ . s'6gLlts lgof]udf
lgo'lStsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ePsf]
;DalGwt d'n'ssf] ;dy{g gcfP/
csf]{ hfqf ;'? ePsf] 5 . PsLs[t
dfcf] j fbL cWoIf k| r 08 k' q
k|sfz;lxtsf] 6f]nL h;n] ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f ug{ bafa lbg] p2]Zon]
cf/f]x0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;u/dfyf
ofqfsf] nflu dfu ul/Psf] # s/f]8
/sddWo] @ s/f]8 ;/sf/n] lbg]
lg0f{osf] Jofks lj/f]wkZrft pSt
6f]nLn] ;/sf/n] lbg] @ s/f]8 /sd
glng] 3f] i f0ff u/] s f] 5 . t/,
;/sf/n] glbg]rflxF sxLF klg eg]sf]
5}g . ljutdf klg ;/sf/ k|dv
' xn]
/fHosf] 9's'6Laf6 /sd ljt/0f
u/]sf] elgPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ pbfx/0f
lbP/ lg/Gt/tf lbg jt{dfg ;/sf/

nfluk/]sf] xf] eg] cfbz{sf ukm 5fF6/]

hgtf e'mSofpg]afx]s s]xL xf]Og/x]5
eGg] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . d'vn] /fd /fd
aunLdf 5'/f eg] h:tf] b]lvG5 .
oxfF lrQa'bf] s] 5}g eg] s's'/n]
v'f] 6f]Sof] eg] cfk"mn] s's'/sf] v'f
6f]Sg] ls pkrf/ ug]{ < olb lxhf]sf]
;/sf/df a;]/ hh;n] uNtL u/]sf
5g\, uNtL ug]{xnfO{ ;/sf/n]
hgtf;fd' ;fj{ h lgs ub} { lsg
sf/afxL ug{ ;Sb}g < of] ;a x'g'df
/fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsfn, b/afl/of
zlSt cflb OToflbnfO{ bf]if lbgf ;fy
kfgL dflysf] cf]efgf] aGg] k/Dk/f
sfod /fv]/ /fHo / gful/sk|ltsf]
sfd / st{Jo s] xf] < b]z / hgtfsf]
gfddf s] ;ky vfPsf] lyof] <
;fj{ h lgs kbdf a;] / b] z /
hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'Fb} st{Jo k"/f
ug{'k5{ eGg] x]Ssf g/fvL o:tf] /
To:tf] eGb}df pGd'lSt lbFb} cufl8
a9\ g vf] H g' n ] d' n ' s df htftt}
a|Xdn'6 dRrfP/ sfn]sfn] ldn]/
vfpF efn] eg] h:tf] eof] lg < clg
sxfFsf] k"/f x'GYof] g]kfnL hgtfn]
u/]sf] sfNklgs /fd /fHo <
xfn M sf]nf]lDaof, cd]l/sf

sf7df8f}=+ ==
;Demf}tf -kL8LP_ df ;dfj]z ug{]
kIfdf pmhf{ dGqfno k'u]sf] 5 .
klZrd ;]tL / dflyNnf] s0ff{nL
cfof]hgfsf] kL8LP @# dlxgfleq}
ul/;Sg] u/L sfd cufl8 a9fPsf]
dGqfnon] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . pmhf{
dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / ly| uh]{haLr
& ;o %) d]ufjf6sf] klZrd ;]tL
hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu
kmfu' g @% ut] ;dembf/Lkqdf
x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] . /fli6 o
dxTjsf] cfof]hgf ePsfn] xfdL
cfof]hgf lgdf0f{f sl6a4 5f}F k|jStf
sfsL{ n ] eg] . b' O { kIfaLrsf]
;xdltdf ;g\ @)!( ;Dddf
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ul/;Sg] pNn]v 5 .
o;cl3 b'O{ kIfaLr ePsf] !# a'bF ]
x:tfIf/df klZrd ;]tL hnljB't\
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf cfly{s ;|f]t
sDkgL :jod\n] h'6fpg] pNn]v 5 .
sDkgLn] clwstd &% k|ltzt z]o/
lng] / Go"gtd @% k|ltzt z]o/
k|flws/0fnfO{ lbg] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 .
:yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ sDkgLn]
lng]dWo]af6 g} s/La @ b]lv %
k|ltzt;Dd z]o/ lbg] ;xdlt;d]t
ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL nufgLstf{nfO{ klg
s]xL k|ltzt z]o/ lbg ly| uh]h
{
tof/ ePsf] lyof] . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
ug{sf nflu o;cl3 ci6]lnog
sDkgL :gf]O{ dfp06]g OghL{ skf]/{ z
] g
-:d]s_ n] OR5f JoSt u/]sf] lyof] .
Ps bzs;Dd klg cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
ug{ g;s]kl5 ;/sf/n] :d]snfO{
x6fP/ ly| uh]{hnfO{ lhDdf{ lbPsf]
lyof] . ;'b"/ klZrdsf] ;]tL gbLdf
lgdf{0f x'g] of] cfof]hgf hnfzoo'St
xf] . o;sf] nfut ! ca{ ^) s/f]8
cd]l/sL 8n/ -?= ! va{ @$ ca{
x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

/fi6===
x}l;otdf ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u/]/
kf6L{nfO{ g} abgfd ug]{ sfd ePsf]df
k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{k|lt
cfqmf]z kf]Vb} eg] /fi6lxtlj?4
;Demf}tf ug],{ hghLljsfsf ;jfndf
uDeL/ gx'g,] gftfuf]tfnfO{ kf]:g] sfd
xfd|} ;/sf/af6 eof], Tof] b'Mvb\ 5 .
s0ff{nL ;+3if{ ;ldltn] p7fPsf
d'2fk|lt kf6L{ k|lta4 ePsf] :ki6
kfb}{ s0ff{nLsf hg;/f]sf/, ljsf;sf
d'2fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / nfu"
u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ bafa
lbg] a f/] kf6L{ cWoIf k' i ksdn
bfxfn;Fu klg 5nkmn ug{] atfP .
s0ff{nL ;+3if{ ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+
h'Dnfsf ;ef;b\ g/]z e08f/Lsf]
cWoIftfdf ePsf] ;f] cGt/lqmofdf
dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/dsf ;r]ts
cleif] s k| t fk ;fxn] s0ff{ n Lsf]
d'lStsf nflu s0ff{nLaf;L Psh'6
eP/ ;+3if{ ug{sf] ljsNk gePsf]
atfP . /fli6 o dfgjclwsf/
cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= s]jL /f]sfofn]
oxL k|lqmofn] s0ff{nLnufot ;Dk"0f{
pTkLl8t, pk]lIft hflt, If]q, ju{ /
;d'bfo d'St gx'g] ePsfn] Psvfnsf]
qmdetf cfjZos k/]sf] atfP .
ut r}t ! ut] k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd
e/fO{nfO{ !) lbg] clN6d]6d /fv]/

;+3if{ ;ldltn] 1fkgkq a'emfPkl5

;ldltn] cfgf ;+3if{sf ultljlwnfO{
cufl8 a9fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;ldltn]
cfufdL r}t !@ ut] k|wfgdGqL;dIf
k'gM Wofgfsif{0f u/fP/ yk ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 .

;fd'lxs===
aGbd'vL of]hgf hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;dofjlw gtf]lsPsf v'nfd'vL of]hgf
klg p;n] hf/L ug{ kfpg] 5 . hf/L
ePsf OsfO{ ;]o/ h:t} bf];f| ] ahf/df
lsga]r ug{ kfpg] / gkfpg] k|sl[ tsf
x'g]5g\ . ljz]if1af6 ;~rflnt x'g]
ePsf]n] o:tf km08 3f6fdf kg]{
;Defjgf sd x'g] cg'dfg 5 . ;]o/sf]
af/]df hfgsf/L g} gePsf ;fgf
nufgLstf{ km08sf] OsfO{ lsg]/ gfkmf
kfpg ;Ifd x'g] ljZjf; lj1xn]
lnPsf 5g\ . sf]ifn] ;]o/ ahf/df
nufgL ug{ yfn] k l5 ahf/
c:jefljs kdf 36a9 x' g ]
;Defjgf klg sd x'G5 . ahf/df
;]o/sf] d"No a9]sf] cj:yfdf sf]ifn]
lsg]sf] ;]o/ laqmL u5{ d"No sd
ePsf] cj:yfdf p;n] ;]o/ lsG5 .
k|fylds ;]o/ lgisfzg ug]{ sDkgLn]
sf]ifsf nflu % k|ltzt 5'6o\ fpg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu hf/L
x'g]dWo] clwstd % k|ltzt ;]o/
sf]ifn] lsGg kfpg] 5 . lgodfjnL
hf/L ePsf] nfdf] cjlw;Dd klg /fi6
a}+saf6 :jLs[lt gkfpFbf a}+sxn]
sf] i f :yfkgfsf] k| l qmof cufl8
a9fPsf lyPgg\ . s]xL ;docl3 /fi6
a}s
+ n] :jLs[lt lbPkl5 sf]if :yfkgfsf]
k|lqmof a}s
+ xn] cufl8 a9fPsf x'g\ .
c? jfl0fHo a}s
+ klg sf]if :yfkgfsf]
u[xsfo{df 5g\ .

ljdfg:ynaf6===
kmf]/ 6L sf] ;'wf/ of]hgf ;kmn
x'g]5 . pgn] ljZjf; JoSt u/] .
ljdfg:yndf xfn ^* Joj;foLsf]
nufgLdf @ ;o $) 6\ o fS;L
;~rfngdf 5g\ . h;dWo] ! ;o &)
j6f 6\ofS;L @) jif{ k'/fgf 5g\ eg]
&) j6f !% jif{ k'/fgf 5g\ . ko{6sLo
;'ljwfsf] b[li6n] 6\ofS;Lsf] ;'ljwf:t/
Go"g / jftfj/0f k|lts"n b]lvPsf
5g\ . >d tyf oftfoft ljefun]
@) jif{eGbf k'/fgf ;jf/L ;fwg
lj:yfkg ug]{ gLlt;Fu} ljdfg:ynn]
k'/fgf 6\ofS;L lj:yfkg ug]{ tof/L
u/]sf] xf] . ko{6g jif{cufj} k'/fgf
6\ofS;L lj:yfkg u/L gofF 6\ofS;L
;~rfng ul/;Sg] hgfP klg ;f] sfo{
cf] e m] n df kb} { cfPsf] lyof] .
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn ePsfn] ;]jf
;'ljwf klg cGt/f{li6o :t/sf] x'gk' g]{
ePkl5 ko{6s 6\ofS;L ;~rfng
ug{k' g]{ afWotf ljdfg:yn Joj:yfkg
;fd' /x]sf] ;'dgn] atfP .

;/sf/===
cfk"mnfO{ avf{:t u/]sf] eGb} lu/Ln]
cfk"m r'k nfu]/ ga:g] r]tfjgL;d]t
lbPsL 5g\ . cfk"mnfO{ avf{:t ug]{
k|wfgdGqLlj?4 cfk"m;Fu bl/nf] k|df0f
/x] s f] / pko' S t ;dodf Tof]
;fj{hlgs ug{] hfgsf/L lbOg\ .
lu/Ln] >d ljefusf dxflgb]{zs
k"0f{rGb| e/fO{nfO{ x6fpg cfk"mn] k};f
lnPsf] k|dfl0ft eP /fhgLlt g} TofUg]
3f]if0ff klg u/]sL 5g\ . >d ljefusf
lgb]z
{ s e/fO{nfO{ dGqfnodf lkmtf{
af]nfPkl5 k|wfgdGqL / lu/LaLr
;DaGw lrl;Psf] lyof] . ;f] x L
ljifonfO{ sf/0f agfpFb} k|wfgdGqLn]
lu/L;Fu klxn] :ki6Ls/0f / To;kl5
/fhLgfdf dfu]sf lyP .

hg;+ljwfg===
;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/
hg;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf @$) j6} lgjf{rg
If]qdf x:tfIf/ cleofg, leQ] n]vg,
;+ l jwfg;efleq / aflx/af6
hg;+ljwfgsf] nflu bafad"ns sfo{qmd,
dzfn h'nz
' , uf]i7L, e08fkmf]/ cleofg
cflb 5g\ . kqsf/ ;Dd] n gdf
kqsf/x?sf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ cj/f]w ug{ vf]hs
] f] xf] eGg]
k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbFb} ;+of]hs uh'/nn]
cfk"mx?n] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg
Ao"tF fpg] b'ik|of;sf] lj?4 hg;+ljwfgsf]
;'lglZrttfsf] nflu cfGbf]ng ug{ nfu]sf]
atfP . Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ;+:yfkg / ;/sf/L
kIfn] tkfO{x+ ?nfO{ cw{el" dut ;+u7g
elg/x]sf] 5, d'ns
' nfO{ km]l/ ;z:q
hgljb|fx] jf bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] af6f]df

kmsf{pg nfluPsf] xf] eGg] k|Zgsf]

hjfkmdf dft[sf ofbjn] cfk"mx? e"ldut
jf cw{el" dut xf]Og v'nf /x]sf] t/
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4af6 hgjfbL /fHo;Qf
:yfkgf ug]{ ;}4flGts nIodf :ki6 /x]sf]
atfP . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;+of]hs
uh'/n
] , g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ;+of]hs
ofbj, qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfnsf
dxf;lrj dl0f yfkfnufot cGo !@
j6} bnx?sf g]tfx? pkl:yt lyP .
;+oS' t /fli6o hg;+3if{ ;ldlt g]kfnf/f
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljt/Lt cfGbf]ngsf
sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z lj1lKtsf] k"0f{kf7
o;k|sf/sf] 5 ;+o'St /fli6o
hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt, g]kfnsf] gLlt /
sfo{qmd /fli6otf, hgtfsf] ;+3Lo,
nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg, zflGt
Pj+ hghLljsfsf lglDt / ;fdflhs
ljs[lt Pj+ e|i6frf/sf lj?4 ;Dk"0f{
k|ultzLn, b]zeSt, u0ftGqjfbL Pj+
;+3Lotfsf kIfw/ zlStx? Psh'6 xf}F
hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo, nf] s tflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf lglDt ;+3if{ u/f}F
g]kfnL ;dfhdf juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo,
n}ls pTkL8g, cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f,
bdg, e]befj JofKt 5g\ / hgtf oL
;a}af6 d'lSt rfxG5g\ / lg/Gt/ ;+3if{/t
5g\ . To;} n ] , d' n ' s df hgo' 4 ,
hgcfGbf]ng, dw]z cfGbf]ng / cflbjf;L
hghflt, yf?, blnt, dlxnf, d'l:nd
cflb cfGbf]ngx? x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ .
To;}sf] kmn:j?k b]zdf s]xL jif{bl] v
zflGt k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg n]vg k|lqmof
rln/x]sf] 5 . t/, zflGt k|lqmof w/fkdf
k/]sf] 5 eg] ;+ljwfg n]vg sfo{
cj?4h:t} 5 . l;+uf] b]z uDeL/
/fhgLlts Pj+ cfly{s ;+s6af6
u'lh|/x]sf] 5 / l:ylt lgs} eofjx /
lj:kmf]6s aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . d'ns
' sf]
;a} If]qdf j}bl] zs x:tIf]k / ;Ldf
cltqmd0f tLj| ultdf al9/x]sf] 5 .
y'k} | c;dfg ;lGwx? oyfjt 5Fbl} yP,
To;dfly ;/sf/f/f yk /fi63ftL
;lGwx? ul/Psf 5g\ . /fli6o :jfwLgtf
/ ;fj{ef}ldstf vt/fdf k/]sf] 5 .
;+3Lotf, hftLo, If]qLo :jfoQtf /
:jzf;g, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/,
ljz]ifflwsf/, ;dfj]lztf / ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTj, wd{lg/k]Iftf, qmflGtsf/L
e"ld;'wf/, Gofok|0ffnL, lzIff, :jf:Yo,
cfjf;, vfBnfO{ df}lns clwsf/cGtu{t
kfg'k{ g]h
{ :tf ;a} dxTjk"0f{ Ph]08fx?
/2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf kmflng] ePsf 5g\ .
klxrfgsf] cfwf/df ;+3Lo OsfO{sf]
lgdf{0fsf] ;'emfjsf] 3f]/ lj/f]w ul/Fb5
} /
hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo, nf] s tflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg gaGg] lglZrtk|foM
b]lvPsf] 5 . oyfl:yltjfbL tyf
k|ltlqmofjfbL tTjx?n] gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
gug]{ / k'/fg} ;+ljwfgnfO{ Ao'tF fpg] if8\oGq
ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf gfddf
ckdflgt Pj+ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] sfd
ePsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ ;j{q JofKt 5,
cfsflzFbf] dxFuL, s[lqd cefj, sfnf
ahf/L, t:s/L, a]/f]huf/L, u'08fubL{,
anfTsf/, ckx/0f, xTof, lx+;f, c;'/Iff
cflbn] hghLjg cfqmfGt ag]sf] 5 .
To;}n,] /fli6otf, hgtfsf] ;+3Lo,
nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg, zflGt
tyf hghLljsfsf lglDt / e|i6frf/
Pj+ ;fdflhs ljs[ltx?sf lj?4 ;+oS' t
?kdf / ;zSt k|sf/n] ;+3if{ ug{ p2]Zon]
xfdL lgDg /fhgLlts kf6L{ tyf ;+u7gx?
;+oS' t /fli6o hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt, g]kfn
u7g ul/Psf] ;uf}/j 3f]if0ff ub{5f}F /
;Dk"0f{ k|ultzLn, b]zeSt, u0ftGqjfbL
/ ;+3Lotfsf kIfw/ zlStx?;Fu o;
;ldltdf uf]na4 eO{ ;+3if{df ;xefuL
x'gx' g' xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}F .
!_ ;+oS' t /fli6o hg;+3if{ ;ldlt
s= ;L=kL= uh'/n] -;+of]hs_
@_ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
s= dft[sf k|;fb ofbj, ;b:o
#_ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -PsLs[t_
s= lr/g k'g, ;b:o
$_ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]kfn
s= cfufdL, ;b:o
%_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs /fli6o d~r
vu]Gb| dflvd, ;b:o
^_ tfD;fln g]kfn /fli6o bn
kz'/{ fd tfdf, ;b:o
&_ hgd'lSt kf6L{, g]kfn c6ndfg
/fO{, ;b:o
*_ g]kfn gful/s kf6L{ /fhs'df/
n]vL ;b:o
(_ clvn g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt
dxf;+3 -PsLs[t_ gu]Gb| /fO{, ;b:o
!)_ cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 ;dfhjfbL_ /fdl;+x nfdf, ;b:o

!!_ yf? d'lSt ;+uf| d 8f= nng

rf}w/L, ;b:o
!@_ cflbjf;L -hftLoIf]qLo dxf;+3,
g]kfn ;'/z
] cfn] du/, ;b:o
xfd|f gf/f Pj+ gLltut sfo{qmdx?
-!_ /fli6otf;DaGwL -s_ ;Dk"0f{
c;dfg ;lGwx?sf] vf/]hLsf] dfu ub}{
;+3if{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg], -v_ ;Ldf
cltqmd0fsf] lj/f]w / e08fkmf]/ ug{, u_ ;a} If]qdf ePsf afXo x:tIf]ksf]
lj/f]w / e08fkmf]/ ug{,] -3_ /fli6o
lxtljk/Lt ePsf dflyNnf] s0ff{nL,
k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgf, sf]zL pRr afFw,
u08snufotsf hn>f]t;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{
c;dfg ;GwL -;Demf}tfx? t'?Gt vf/]h
u/L gofF cfwf/df k'gM ;Demf}tf ug]{
dfu ub}{ ;+3if{ ug],{ -_ ef/t;Fu klxNo}
;Demf}tf eO;s]/ klg xfn;Dd
sfof{Gjog geO{ :ylut /x]sf c;dfg
;lGw;Demf}tfx?nfO{ xfn} phf{ dGqLn]
sfof{Gjog ug{] u/]sf] ;xdltsf]
e08fkmf]/ ug]{ / To;nfO{ vf/]h u/fpg
k|oTg ug{, -r_ /fi63ftLx?sf] e08fkmf]/
ug],{ -5_ /fli6otfsf] kIfdf k|efjsf/L
hfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng ug{ . -@_
;+ljwfg;DaGwL M -s_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo,
nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgdf
u0ftGq, ;+3Lotf, cfTdlg0f{osf]
clwsf/, hftLo, If]qLo :jfoQtf /
:jzf;g, klxrfgsf cfwf/df ;+3Lo
OsfO{ s f] lgdf{ 0 f, wd{ l g/k] I ftf,
ljz]ifflwsf/, ;fg'kflts k|ltlglwTj /
;dfj]lztfsf] Uof/]06L u/fpg ;+3if{ ug],{
-v_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf cGtj{:t'sf]
;"qLs/0f / d"lt{s/0f u/L hgtfdf
k|rf/ ug{], -u_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo,
nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf]
kIfdf @$) ;} lgjf{rg If]qdf
dtbftfx?sf] x:tfIf/ Ps};fy ;+sng
ug{ / pSt x:tfIf/ @)^( h]7 !)
ut] ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ a'emfpg],
-3_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg oxL @)^( h]7
!$ ut]leq clgjfo{ hf/L ug{ bafa
lbg], -_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ l jwfglj/f] w L /
;+3Lotflj/f]wLx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ug],{ -r_
hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo, nf] s tflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf ljljw
k|sf/sf k|rf/fTds cleofg ;+rfng
ug{] . -#_ hghLljsf;DaGwL M -s_ vfgf
ksfpg] Uof; / k]6f l] nod kbfy{sf] d"No
36fpgsf nflu ;+3if{ ug{,] -v_ csflzFbf]
d"Noj[l4 tyf s[lqd cefj l;h{gf
ug{x] ?sf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ -u_ hgtfsf
b}lgs cfjZostfsf j:t'x? pknAw
u/fpg oyfzSo k|oTg ug{] -3_ t:s/,
sfnf ahf/Lof, e|i6frf/L, nfu" kbfy{sf
sf/f]af/ tyf dlxnf a]rlavg ug]{
ck/fwLx?nfO{ s8f sf/jfxL u/fpg
;+3if{ ug],{ -8_ /fli6o:t/sf dflkmof,
t:s/, e|i6frf/Lx?sf] gfd ;fj{hlgs
ug{,] -r_ ls;fg, dhb"/, ;'sd' af;L,
ljBfyL{, lzIfs, cflbjf;L hghflt,
blnt, dw]zL, dlxnf, d'l:ndnufotsf
;+u7g Pj+ ;d'bfox?n] rnfPsf
Gofok"0f{ ;+3if{sf] ;dy{g ug],{ -5_
hgtfnfO{ lgMz'Ns Pj+ ;x'lnotk"0f{
lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/L pknAw
u/fpgsf nflu k|oTgzLn /xg] . 7f];
sfo{qmdx? M ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? r}t,
a}zfv / h]7df # r/0fdf ;DkGg
ul/g]5g\ .
!_ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf @$)
j6} lgjf{rg If]qdf x:tfIf/ cleofg
cf/De @)^* r}t !* ut]
@_ ljz]if leQ]nv
] g @)^* r}t
@) ut]
#_ ;a} ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o -%(*
hgf_ nfO{ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs,
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf pleg
ckLn ub}{ 1fkgkq a'emfpg] @)^*
r}t @@ ut]
$_ ;Dk"0f{ c;dfg ;lGwx? hnfpg]
/ /fli6o k|lt/f]w lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg]
@)^* r}t @$ ut]
%_ ;a} lgjf{rg If]qdf hguf]i7L
ug]{ @)^* r}t @& ut]
^_ /fi63ft, dxFuL, e|i6frf/,
sfnfahf/L, xTof, lx+;f, anfTsf/,
ckx/0f cflbsf lj?4 dzfn h'nz
'
@)^* r}t @( ut]
&_ ;+ljwfg ;efleq / aflx/ lj/f]w
k|bz{g ug{] @)^* r}t #) ut]
gf]6 @)^( j}zfv / h]7sf
sfo{qmdx? kl5 g} qmdzM ;fj{hlgs
ul/g]5g\ .

/fatOfc t]u @! tr} nf; *^)@

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

sd{rf/LtGq, ca'wfjL / /fhgLlt

sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jfsf] ljifonfO{
lnP/ oltv] / l;+ r fO dGqfno
u/dfu/d ePsf] 5 . l;+rfO dGqLsf
Ps Ol~hlgo/ /fd|f] bfd cfpg] 7fp"df
;?jfdf gk/]kl5 l;+rfOdGqL dx]Gb|
ofbjn] l;+rfO ;lrj j[Gbf xf8fnfO{
ufnL a]OHht u/]sf] eGb} sd{rf/Lx
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ e]6g\ k'us
] f] s'/f aflx/
cfof] . cflv/ k| w fgdGqL klg
e|i6frf/df lh/f] 6f]n/]G;sf] l;4fGt
c" u fn] s f k| d g k/] . l;+ r fO
ljefusf dxflgb]z
{ sn] 7"nf] /sd
vfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] hyfefjL ;?jf
u/]sfn] dGqLnfO{ lrQ ga'emsf] s'/f
Psyl/ u5{g\ eg] csf]y{ l/n] dGqLsf]
efu gk'u]sfn] o:tf] ;d:of cfPsf]
of] s'g} gf}nf] 36gf gePsf] / o;eGbf
klxn] ;a}sf] efu k'u]sfn] aflx/
gcfpg] u/]sf] atfp"5g\ . of] /f]u
lj:tf/} e"ld;'wf/ dGqfno x'"b} c?
dGqfnodf klg ;l//x] s f] 5 .
sd{rf/LtGqleq x'g] ;?jfsf] k|lqmof
g} slQsf] e|i6 5 eGg] s'/f lj:tf/}
5n{ x'b" } uO/x]sf] 5 . of] t o;leq
x'g] e|i6frf/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] / Ps
5]psf] kf6f] dfq xf] . Psflt/
cf}F7f5fk dGqLn] cfk"mv'zL cfgf
dfG5] eg]sf] 7fp"df ;?jf gePdf
pRr cf] x f] b fsf sd{ r f/LnfO{
ufnLunf}h tyf wDsL lbG5g\ eg]
;?jfsf] clVtof/L kfPsfx o;
clVtof/LnfO{ a} + s sf] r] s tyf
Pl6Pd;"u ;f6\g gkfPsf] emf]s
+ df
dGqLnfO{ bf]ifL b]vfp"5g\ . o;df b'j}
;d"x g} bf]ifL 5g\ / t cfk"mnfO{
rf]vf] b]vfpg Pscsf{dfly cf/f]k
/ k|Tof/f]k nufp"5g\ . lglZrt
ef}uf]lns If]qdf lglZrt cjlw k"/f
ul/;s]kl5 csf]{ ef}uf]lns If]qdf
;?jf ug{] sd{rf/LtGqsf] lgoldt
k|lqmof g} xf] . vf;u/L o;sf] p2]Zo
sd{rf/LxnfO{ ljleGg ef}uf]lns
If]qsf] cg'ej lbnfpg' xf] . t/,
o;/L ul/g] ;g:?jfdf 7"nf] cfly{s
n]gb]g x'g] s'/f dGqfnoaf6 g}
5tf5' N n ePsf] 5 . of] Ps
dGqfnoaf6 csf]{ dGqfnodf dfq
;Lldt geO{ tNnf]:t/df klg Jofks
5 . /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{sf]
glhs x'gx] n] /fhgLlts eg;'g /
n]gb]gsf] cfwf/df / pRr cf]xf]bfsf
k|zf;s;"u glhs x'gx] n] klg u/d
df]ntf]nsf] cfwf/df cfk"mn] /f]h]sf]
/ a9L cfly{skn] rnv]n ug{
kfpg] 7fp"df ;?jf ldnfpg] kl/kf6L
k'/fgf] eP klg o;/L aflx/ cfpg]

wgaxfb'/ aL;L
qmd ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;?jfdf g}
o:tf]vfn] rnv]n x'G5 eg] c?
sfddf s:tf] x'G5 xf]nf ;xh} cg'dfg
ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} ljbfdf klg 7"nf]
cfly{s n]gb]g x'g] s'/f Pshgf
sd{rf/Ln] o; k+lStsf/;"u u/]sf
lyP . b'u{d tyf ;'uds} sfof{nodf
sfo{ / t sd{ r f/Ln] sfof{ n o
k|dv
' ;"usf] ldn]dtf]df ljbf :jLs[t
g} gu/fO{ dlxgf}F a:g] / kl5 ;f]
cjlwel/sf] /sd bfdf;fxLn] a08f
nfUg] s'/f pgn] atfP .
ljdfg:ynleqsf] nfk/jfxL
;'/Iffz}nLsf] kmfObf p7fP/ g} ;g\
!((( l8;]Da/ @$ sf lbg *
g] k fnL;lxt ! ;o &* hgf
ofq';lxtsf] Ol08og Po/nfPG;sf]
ljdfg A-300 nfO{ cft+ssf/Lxn]
ckx/0f u/] . af]l8{ kf; lbg]jfnfn]
g} uNtL u/]/ PshgfnfO{ rf/j6f
kf; pknAw u/fPs} sf/0f Pshgfn]
rf/hgfnfO{ ljdfg;Dd ;lhn} n}hfg
;kmn eP . Toltv]/ ef/t ;/sf/n]
klg oxf"sf] ;'/Iff l:yltdf cf}Fnf
78\ofpg] df}sf kfPsf] lyof] eg]
tTsfn} ;/sf/n] u7g u/] s f]
pRr:t/Lo 5fglag cfof]u -hf]
k"jk{ x| /L dxflg/LIfs x]daxfb'/ l;+xsf]
cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] lyof]_ n]
ljdfg:ynsf] ;'/Iff l:ylt ;'b[9
ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . o;
36gfdf g]kfnsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf
ePsf] gkfOP tfklg of] 36gf g]kfnL
e"lddf ePsf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff
k|0ffnLdf z+sf ug{] 7fp" k|z:t lyP .
o;af6 klg s] :ki6 x'G5 eg]
ljutsf uNtLaf6 s;}n] klg kf7
l;s] s f] kfO" b } g . Toltv] /
ckx/0fsf/L ;lhn} ljdfgdf k|j]z
ug{ ;kmn eP / ljdfgnfO{ ckx/0f
u/]/ ckmuflg:tfgsf] sfGbfxf/;Dd
k'ofO{ cfgf] OR5f k"/f u/]sf lyP
eg] ev{/} g]kfnsf ko{6gdGqL nf]sG] b|
lai6 hd{gLsf] Ps sfo{qmddf efu
lngsf nflu Totflt/ k|:yfg ubf{
ljdfg:yndf cfjZos sfuhkqx
r]shf"r tyf ck8]6 g} gu/fO{ cem
le;f g} gnufO{ p8]5g\ t/ pgnfO{
ca'wfjLn] /f]Sof] . oxf"sf] sd{rf/LtGq
slQsf] nfk/jfxL 5 eGg] s'/fsf]
ultnf] pbfx/0f xf] of] . /, Pskl5
csf]{ ub}{ pbff] eO/x]sf] 5 g]kfnsf
ljfg\ x sf] ;+ u 7g dflgg]
sd{ r f/LtGq . b] z sf] of] xfnt

u/fpgdf nfk/jfxL / e| i 6
sd{ r f/LtGq / d' 9 ] a nsf e| i 6
/fhgLlts bn / ltgsf sfo{stfsf]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . ;f];{ kmf];{ tyf
kfj/jfnfsf cufl8 wg'i6+sf/sf]
z}nLdf lgx'l/P/ hbf} ug{ kNs]sf]
sd{rf/LtGq / /fhgLlts bnsf]
gfddf bfbflul/ b] v fp" b } lx" 8 \ g ]
/fhgLlts bn / ltgsf sfo{stf{n]
ubf{ g} o; b]zaf6 sfg'gL zf;g
nf]k x"'b}5 eg] b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[lt
df}nfp"b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL sf/0f g}
ut xKtf g]kfnsf ko{6gdGqL b]z
tyf ljb]zdf rrf{sf] ljifo aGg
k'us
] f x'g\ . kf;kf]6d{ f le;f gnufPs}
sf/0f pgnfO{ o'PO{sf] cWofudgn]
Toxf"af6 cufl8 a9\g lbPg . cufl8
a9\g glbg' eg]sf] g} lgoGq0fdf lng'
xf] . lgoGq0fdf lnP/ ;f]wk'5kZrft
5f]8\of] eGg] va/ Jofks eof] . h]
eP klg cfjZos 5fglag gu/]/
5f]8]g of]rflx" kSsf xf] . o;af6
g]kfns} Voflt uof] /], s]xL /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfsf] efiffdf . xf]Og oL
/fhgLlts bnsf g] t fn] b] z sf]
OHht slQsf] af"sL /fv]sf 5g\ /
OHht uof], OHht 8fpg eof], s]
eof], of] eof], p eof] eg]/ gb'v]sf]
6fpsf] b'vfpg k'U5g\ . OHht s;sf]
hfG5 < h;sf] s]xL OHht 5 To;sf]
g hfG5 , h;sf] OHht g} 5}g To;sf]
s] OHht hfG5, of] ;a}n] hfg]ae
' m]s}
s' / f xf] . g] k fnsf] s] OHht
/flvlbPsf 5g\ / hfgnfO{ xfd|f
/fhgLlt1xn] < t/, Pp6f s'/frflx"
s] xf] eg] of] b]z laufg{ / oxf"
e|i6frf/ df}nfpg lbg] xft oxf"sf]
sd{rf/LtGq / /fhgLlttGqsf] g} xf] .
rfx] dGqL xf];\ jf hf];'s} xf];\
lagfkf;kf]6{ tyf le;f gnufO{ sf]xL
klg Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]z hfg
kfp"b}g . t/, dGqL lai6 t uP lg .
lagfle;f pgn] s;/L Toxf";Ddsf]
l6s6 kfP < ls hgtfn] dfq slt
b'Mv kfpg] dGqLn] klg kfpg\ eg]/
hfgLa'emL To;} u/]sf] t xf]Og xf]nf
ljdfg:ynsf sd{rf/L dxf]boxn] .
sfg'g s;sf nflu < ;fgfsf nflu
jf 7"nfsf nflu < sfg'g ;a}sf nflu
a/fa/ xf] eg] Ps b]zsf] ef}uf]lns
l;dfgf sf6]/ csf]{ b]zsf] ef}uf]lns
l;dfgfdf kfOnf /fVgsf] nflu
cg'dltkq cyf{t\ le;f rflxG5 eGg]
s'/f ga'em]sf] xf] jf d'9]an b]vfP/

/fxt kl/rokq cfpbf] cf=j=b]lv

sf7df8f}F . gofF cfly{s jif{bl] v
/fxt kl/rokq nfu" x'g] ePsf] 5 .
of] jif{ ul/asf] klxrfg u/L sf8{sf]
l8hfOg ug]{ / gofF cfly{s jif{bl] v
kl/rokq sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ /fxt
tyf ;'ljwf lbg] ;/sf/L of]hgf 5 .
To;;DaGwL b'O{ pRr :t/Lo ;ldltsf]
;+oS' t a}7ssf] lg0f{o 5 . ;/sf/n]
s]xL ;docl3 ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] cfly{s
ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] sfo{of]hgfdf ul/aL
lgjf/0f / ;fdflhs ;'/IffcGtu{tsf
lqmofsnfkdf ul/aLsf] klxrfg u/L
kl/rokq pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 .
;f]xLcg';f/ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf
ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if -lkPPkm_ sf]
sfo{;ldltsf] ut km]ac
'| /Ldf a;]sf]
a}7sn] ul/axsf] klxrfg u/L
pgLxnfO{ kl/rokq ljt/0f ug{
lhDd]jf/L lbFb} lgb]{zs ;ldlt /
k|fljlws ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] .
lgb]z
{ s ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsdf sf]ifsf
pkfWoIf hgs/fh hf]zL 5g\ eg]
s]lGb|o tYof+s Ao'/f]sf dxflgb]z
{ s
pQdgf/fo0f dNnn] k|fljlws ;ldltsf]
;+of]hg u/]sf 5g\ . sf]ifsf] ;~rfns
;ldltn] &% lhNnfd} pSt sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . t/,
;ldltsf k|ltlglwxn] eg] Ps}rf]l6
;a} 7fpFdf ug{] ;do / ;|ft] n] gEofpg]
eGb} gd'gf kl/of]hgfsf kdf r/0fa4
kdf kl/rokq ljt/0f sfo{qmd nfu"

ug{k' g]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . g]kfn

hLjg:t/ ;j{I] f0f@)^^^& cg';f/
d'ns
' sf @% k|ltzt hgtf ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lg 5g\ . s[lif If]qdf ;lqmo
hg;+Vofsf] ul/aLb/ cGo If]qeGbf
a9L 5 . hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f
lgjf{xd'vL s[lifdf ;+nUg /x]sfn] s[lifdf
of] b/ pRr b]lvPsf] xf] . a}7sn]
ul/aLsf] klxrfg / kl/rokq
lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu kfFr
;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt u7g ug{] klg
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To;df /fli6o of]hgf
cfof]u, s]lGb|o tYof+s ljefu, :yfgLo
ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno /
lkPPkmsf k|ltlglw /xg] 5g\ . of]
;ldltn] ul/asf] klxrfgsf nflu
:jLsf/of]Uo dfkb08 tof/ ug{ sfo{sf
k|fljlws ;ldltnfO{ ljlw / k4ltaf/]
;'emfj lbg] 5 . o;sf] sfof{no /fli6o
of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf /xg] /
To;sf cfjZos ef}lts ;xof]u
cfof]un] g} k|bfg ug]5
{ . ul/asf]
klxrfg / kl/rokq ljt/0fdf pRr
txsf] /fhgLlts k|lta4tf cfjZos
kg]{ ePsfn] To;df ;xdlt h'6fpg
lgb]z
{ s ;ldltn] d'Vo /fhgLlts bnsf
jl/i7 g]tfx;Fu e]63f6 ug{] ePsf]
5 . cGt/ Ph]G;L ;+of]hgsf nflu
lgb]z
{ s ;ldltn] u[x dGqfnocGtu{tsf]
/fli6o kl/rokq Joj:yfkg s]Gb| /
lgjf{rg cfof]u cfof]u;Fu klg ;+oS' t

a}7s ug{' ePsf] 5 . kl/rokqdfkm{t\

/fHon] ul/a, pTkLl8t / ;]jf gkfPsf
hgtf;dIf k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf] sf]ifsf]
pkfWoIf hf]zLn] atfP . sfo{qmddf
sf]ifsf sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ s /fhafa' >]i7,
tYof+s ljefusf dxflgb]z
{ s dNnn]
ul/asf] klxrfgdf xfn rngdf /x]sf
cEof; / k4ltaf/] sfo{kq k|:t't
u/]sf lyP . a}7sdf /fli6o of]hgf
cfof]usf ;b:o hgs zfx, k|wfgdGqL
sfof{nosf ;lrj nLnfdl0f kf}8n
] ,
u[x;lrj ;'zLn /f0ff, cfof]usf ;lrj
o'j/fh e';fnnufotn] ul/asf] klxrfg
/ kl/rokq lgdf{ 0 fsf] ljlw /
dfkb08af/] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . sf]if
/ tYof+s ljefunufot lgsfon] lng]
ul/aLsf] kl/;"rs;DaGwL cfwf/ km/s
ePsfn] ;a}nfO{ x'g] u/L ;d]6/] hfg'kg]{
;'emfj pgLxsf] lyof] . c? b]zsf]
cEof;nfO{ klg x]//] hfg'kg]{ eGb}
tTsfnsf nflu eGbf bL3{sfnLg
lx;fan] tof/L cl3 a9fpg klg
;lrjxn] ;'emfP . lakGg, ul/a tyf
;LdfGts[tju{xsf] lxtsf nflu rfn"
lqjifL{o of]hgfn] klg ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg
/x]sf hg;+Vofsf] klxrfg u/L kl/rokq
pknAw u/fpg] / lakGg a]/f]huf/
JolStxnfO{ ;x'lnot / ;'ljwfhGo
C0fsf] Joj:yf u/L pTkfbgd"ns
sfo{sf nufgL ug{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

ljdfg:ynaf6 aflxl/Psf] xf] < k|Zg

oxL xf] . ls ca'wfjL xf];\ jf jln{g
g]kfnh:t} xf] eGg] a'emfO dGqLsf]
lyof] < ca'wfjL t g]kfnh:tf] xf]Og
h;sf] zlSt p;}sf] elSt x'g] b]zsf]
7fp" t Tof] xf]Og . of] s'/f dGqLnfO{
s;n] a'emfpg] xf] < ljdfg:ynaf6
aflx/ hfg] JolStsf] cfjZos
sfuhkqx 7Ls 5g\ 5}gg eg]/
hf"r ug]{ lgsfo s'g xf] < To:t} s'g}
klg JolSt aflx/ hf"bf cfjZos
sfuhkqx lnP/ hfG5 of glnP/}
hfG5 < of] t la/fdL r]s u/fpg
hfg] t/ la/fdLnfO{ 3/d} 5f]8]/
uP;/x ePg / < csf]{ s'/f ljlzi6
elgg] x ljdfg:yndf b] l vF b f
gtd:ts x'g] sd{rf/Lxsf] o;
af]; z}nLn] klg o:tfvfn] uNtLx
x'G5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ of] / p gfddf
x}/fg kfg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] sfd ug]{ pbf+uf]
z}nLdf Kjfn k/]sf] 5 o; 36gfn] .
;j{ ; fwf/0fsf] u' K tf;d] t sf]
vfgtnf;L ug{ ] ljdfg:ynsf
;'/IffsdL{ jf of] ldn]g / p ldn]g
eg]/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ bz 7fp" s'bfpg
vlKk; sd{rf/Lsf] xf];\ sxf" u'd
ePsf] lyof] Toltv]/ < Pslbgdf
xhf/f}F g]kfnLx sfdsf] vf]hLdf
lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynaf6
aflx/ hfG5g\ . bnfnxn] b'O{rf/
k};f 3"; k]n]s} e/df rf]/af6f] kqm]/
pgLx ljb]zL e"lddf cf]n{G5g\ t/
dGqL lai6h:t} sfuhkq gldn]/ jf
o:t} c? sf/0fn] s}of}F lbg ljdfg:ynd}
ef]sef]s} a:g afWo x'G5g\ eg] s}of}F
unt kf;kf]6{ kgf{n] h]ndf hfg klg
afWo x'G5g\ . dGqLsf] t o;/L bfof"
afof" u/]/ le;f nfUof] t/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
le;f nufpg] sf]xL x'b" g} . x'G5 t s]jn
k'ln; h]n xfNgnfO{ . oL / o:t}
lqmofsnfkn] g]kfnLxn] ljb]zdf b'Mv
kfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;af6 kf7 slxn]
l;Sg] < g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffsf] o:t} l:ylt
b]v/] g} rfN;{ zf]e/fh h:tf] s'Voft
ck/fwLn] lqe'jg ljdfg:ynaf6 xfQL
l5/fP/ b]vfOlbg] r'gf}tL g]kfnnfO{
lbPsf lyP . o;af6 klg yfxf x'G5
ls g]kfnsf] sd{rf/LtGq slt lkmtnf],
kftnf] / nfk/jfxL 5 eg]/ . aa/dxn
adsf08 o:t} nfk/jfx ;' / Iff
k|0ffnLsf] Ps pbfx/0f xf] . 36gf
ePkl5 ;+nUg JolStx k|x/Ln]
rfx]sf] v08df ;f]re] Gbf l56f] ;dod}
;dfltG5g t/ 36gf x' g ' k " j { s f
ultljlw yfxf kfpg g;Sg] g]kfnsf]
u'Ktr/ nfrf/ 5 .

e" l dxLgx
Joj;flos t/sf/L
v] t Ltkm{ cfslif{ t
hgsk'/ . lbge/ ukm u/]/ a:g]
e"ldxLgnfO{ cj;/ h'6fOlbPkl5
pgLx clxn] Joj;floskdf
t/sf/L v]tL u/L cfly{s nfe lng
yfn]sf 5g\ . e"ldxLgnfO{ of] cj;/
cfOl8O{ g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf ldlynf
s[ifs ;+3sf] ;fgf ls;fgsf nflu
ahf/ kx'Fr sfo{qmdn] h'6fOlbPsf]
xf] . w'giff lhNnfsf] cg'kL uflj;
& s6/} g ufpF s f &% 3/w' / L
e"ldxLgx lnhdf hUuf lnP/
Joj;floskdf t/sf/L v]tL ug{
yfn] k l5 pgLx cfly{ s kdf
;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ . cTolws
dfu /x]sf] xl/of] t/sf/L nf}sf,
sfFqmf], s/]nf, km;L{, af]8Lnufotsf
t/sf/L v]tL ug{] u/]sf] / o;nfO{
a]Rg glhs} /x]sf] /]Na] l66fgdf uP/
laqmL ug]{ u/]sf e"ldxLg dgf]h
ofbjn] atfP . k|ltJolSt tLg
sf;Dd hUuf lnhdf lnP/ t/sf/L
v]tL ul//x]sf] e"ldxLgnfO{ lgMz'Ns
t/sf/Lsf] aLp pknAw u/fpg'sf]
;fy} ;do;dodf k| f ljlws
;/;Nnfx;d] t lbg] u/] s f] n ]
pgLxn] /fd|/L t/sf/L pTkfbg
ul//x]sf] 5, ldlynf s[ifs ;+3sf
cWoIf sf]dnsfGt emfn] atfP .

hftLo lje]b / gof g]kfnsf] ;kgf

8f= 6Lsf/fd kf]v/]n
;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLltdf olta]nf gof" g]kfnsf] ax; rNb}5 . vf;u/L
/fhgLltsj[Q / kl/jt{gd'vL zlStx gof" g]kfnsf] ax;df plqPsf 5g\ . vfg
gkfpg]nfO{ vfg lbg]bl] v g]kfnnfO{ l;fk'/ agfpg];Ddsf w]/} gf/fx af"l8Psf 5g\
gof" g]kfnsf . /fhgLlts bnxaf6 hghfltsf] pTyfgb]lv lnP/ blntxdfly
ePsf] lje]bsf] cGTosf] gf/f t emg\ lbgdf ;of}F k6s lg:sG5g\ . t/, klg gf/f
gf/fd} ;Lldt 5g\, 5'jf5't / lje]bsf] l:ylt h:tfsf] t:t} 5 . s] o;n] gof"
g]kfnsf] gf/fnfO{ luHofO t /x]sf] 5}g < ljZj sxf"af6 sxf" k'lu;Sof], xfdLn]
eujfg\sf] k|tLs dfg]sf] rGb|dfdf dfG5]n] kfOnf 6]ls;Sof], d+un u|x sAhf ug{
xf]8afhLdf dfG5] plq;Sof], t/ g]kfndf eg] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] of] cj:yfdf
cfOk'Ubf klg hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'th:tf] s'ky| f sfod} 5 . sfg'gL b:tfj]hdf /
7"nfa8fsf efif0fxdf 5'jf5't w]/} klxn] ;dfKt eO;Sof] t/ Jojxf/df eg] hftLo
lje]b / 5'jf5't cGTo x'g cem} jiff{+ } kf] nfUg] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf ylk"bf] 5 . b]zdf
k6sk6s /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eO;Sof] t/ ;lbof}bF l] v hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'taf6
kLl8t JolStxsf] clwsf/ cfh klg Jojxfl/skdf p:t} 5 . /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gsf] kmn / dfgjclwsf/sf s'/f kLl8t ;d'bfosf nflu sfunfO{ a]n kfSof]
xif{ g lj:dft em}+ x'b" } uO/x]sf] 5 . hftLokdf lje]b / 5'jf5'th:tf] s'ky| fnfO{
k|>o lbg] ;+;f/sf yf]/} d'ns
' xsf] ;"rLdf g]kfn klg kb{5 . o;n] ljZj d~rdf
g]kfnsf] ;fv lu/fPsf] dfq 5}g xfdL ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ dfgj ;Eotfn] luHofO/x]sf]
5 . ljZjdf g} h3Go ck/fw / s'ky| fsf] kdf lng] ul/Psf] o:tf] s'ky| fsf] xfd|f]
b]zdf eg] cGTo x'g g;Sg' xfdL ;a} g]kfnLsf] nflu la8Dagfk"0f{ 5 . lsg of] k|yfsf]
cGTo x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g t < of] ;jfndf /fHo lsg uDeL/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eGg]
s'/f klg olta]nf uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'kg{] a]nf ePsf] 5 . x'g t /fHon] hftLo lje]b
/ 5'jf5'tsf] cGTosf nflu k|of;} gu/]sf] eg]rflx" xf]Og . k~rfotLsfndf ag]sf]
d'ns
' L P]g, @)@) df g} klg hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5't ug{' x'b" g} eGg] s'/f pNn]v
ePsf] lyof] . t/, d'ns
' L P]gsf] k|fjwfg Jojxf/df nfu" x'g ;s]g . To;kl5 ljleGg
;dodf ag]sf ;+ljwfg / sfg'gxn] klg of] s'ky| fnfO{ cGTo ug]{ k|fjwfg gu/]sf]
xf]Og . t/, tL ;a} k|of;x cf}krfl/stfafx]s s]xL x'g ;s]g . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !$ df s'g} klg JolStnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k];fsf
cfwf/df 5'jf5't jf hftLo lje]b ul/g] 5}g / o:tf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ b08gLo
x'g5
] eGg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} hftLo lje]bsf] k|efjsf/L cGTosf nflu
eGb} kl5Nnf] k6s @)^* h]7 !) ut] Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] hftLo e]befj tyf
5'jf5't -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . ca of] P]g klg ljutsf]
h:t} cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt xf]nf ls hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'tsf] cGTosf] nflu
sf]z9] ' f ;fljt xf]nf eGg] s'/fdf olta]nf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t 5 . k|yf, k/Dk/f,
wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh jf cGo s'g} gfddf hfthflt, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k];fsf
cfwf/df 5'jf5't tyf e]befj gx'g] cj:yf l;h{gf u/L k|To]s JolStsf] ;dfgtf,
:jtGqtf / ;Ddfgk"js
{ af"Rg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ tyf s'g} klg :yfgdf
ul/g] 5'jf5't, alxisf/, k|ltaGw, lgisfzg, cjx]ngf jf To:t} cGo dfgjtflj/f]wL
e]befjhGo sfo{nfO{ b08gLo agfpg af~5gLo ePsfn] P]gsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf]
eGg] s'/f hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* sf] k|:tfjgfdf
g} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfjgfsf] of] Joj:yfnfO{ cfTd;ft ubf{ hftLo lje]bsf]
cGTosf nflu k|lta4tf hfx]/ g} ug{] s'/fdf /fHon] s'g} s~h':ofO" u/]sf] eGg
ldNb}g . t/, ljrf/0fLo s'/f of] 5 ls g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|lta4tf JoSt ug{] eg]sf]
s'g} gof" s'/} xf]Og . dgdf Pp6f s'/f /fv]/ d'vaf6 lgsfn]sf] cf]7] k|lta4tfsf] rf
of] b]zsf gful/sxn] k|z:t} b]lv;s]sf 5g\ .
hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* df s;}n] s'g} klg
JolStnfO{ k|yf, k/Dk/f, wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, hfthflt, j+z, ;d'bfo jf
k];fsf cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs:yndf k|jz
] lgif]w ug{ gx'g,] ;fdflhs alxisf/ ug{
gkfOg], ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / ;df/f]xsf] ;xeflutfsf] k|of]uaf6 jl~rt ug{ gx'g,]
hftLo 5'jf5't jf e]befj x'g] sfo{ ug{ s;}nfO{ eTsfpg] jf pS;fpg] sfo{ ug{
gx'g,] hfthfltsf cfwf/df k];f Joj;fo ug{ afWo kfg{ gkfOg], j:t' jf ;]jf
ljt/0f ug{af6 jl~rt ug{ gkfOg], k|rlnt sfg'gadf]hd pd]/ k'us
] f a/aw"af6
d~h'/ ePsf] cGthf{tLo ljjfx ug{af6 s'g} klg JolStnfO{ hfthflt, j+z jf
;d'bfosf cfwf/df /f]s nufpg gkfOg], s;}n] >Jo, b[Zo ;fdu|L, n]v, /rgf,
lrq, cfsf/, sf6'g{ , kf]i6/, k':ts jf ;flxTosf] k|;f/0f, k|sfzg jf k|bz{g u/]/
s'g} hfthflt jf pTklQsf JolStsf] p"rgLr bzf{pg gx'gn] ufotsf k|fjwfgxsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} P]gn] o:tf] s;'/ s;}n] u/]df jf ug{ nfu]sf] yfxf
kfpg] JolStn] glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf tf]lsPadf]lhd ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg]
;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L sfof{nodf k|fKt ePsf] ph'/L ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{non] btf{ gu/]df ;DalGwt JolStn] ;f] s'/fsf] ph'/L /fli6o blnt cfof]u
jf :yfgLo lgsfodf ;d]t ug{ kfpg] / blnt cfof]un] ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nonfO{
tf]lsPadf]lhd n]vL k7fpg] / To;/L n]vL k7fPdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] ;f]
;DaGwdf cfjZos hf"ra'em u/L To:tf] ph'/Lpk/ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cfjZos
sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg'kg]5
{ eGg] Joj:yf 5 . P]gn] s;'/ ug{] JolStnfO{ tLg
dlxgfb]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf Ps xhf/ k}of"bl] v kRrL; xhf/ k}of";Dd
hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg];d]t Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} cbfntn]
s;'/bf/af6 kLl8tnfO{ kRrL; xhf/ k}of"bl] v Ps nfv k}of";Dd Ifltk"lt{
u/fOlbg ;Sg]5 eGg] ;d]t Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^* df ePsf k|fjwfgxsf] Joj:yf x]bf{ sltko
sdLsdhf]/Lsf afah'b klg of] P]gdf ul/Psf Joj:yfx ;sf/fTds b]lvG5g\ .
tyflk P]g / sfg'gdf Joj:yf ug]{ 7"nf] pknlAw xf]Og, o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf s:tf]
/xG5 eGg] s'/faf6 pknlAwsf] cf"sng ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . 5'jf5't l;+xb/af/ jl/kl/
xf]Og b'ud{ sf a:tLxdf x'G5, r]tgfxLg ;dfhdf x'G5, clg ;De|fGt ju{n]
lgDgju{df lyrf]ldrf] ug{ ;dfhdf x'G5 . To;}n] l;+xb/af/leq a;]/ P]gsf] k|fjwfg
x]b{} b]zdf 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo eof] eg]/ /fHon] ;f]Rof] eg] Tof] ;f"rf] cy{df 5'jf5'tsf]
cGTo geP/ 5'jf5't / hftLo lje]baf6 jiff}b+{ l] v kLl8t ;d'bfosf] cf"vfdf 5f/f]
xfNg] sfd dfq x'G5 . hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5't s'g} JolStdflysf] dfq ck/fw geP/
l;+uf] dfgj ;d'bfodflysf] ck/fw xf] . o;sf/0f o;tkm{ /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg
s]lGb|t x'g' cfjZos 5 . sltko ;Gbe{df hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5't ;dfh l;lh{t
;d:of ePsfn] ;dfhdf r]tgfsf] :t/ j[l4 x'b" } hf"bf o:tf] lje]b cfkm}F cGTo x'g]
eGb} lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lxaf6 g} u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolSt cfpg] u/]sf] klg b]lvG5,
of] ;/f;/ ;dfhnfO{ aL;f}F ztfAbLlt/ ws]Ng] ;f]r xf] . kL8sn] cfk"mnfO{ pRr
ju{sf] dfG5] 7fGg] pRrtf/ltu|GyL / kLl8t ;d'bfon] cfk"mnfO{ lgDg ju{sf] 7fgL
xLgtfaf]w ug{ / hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5't /f]Sg'kg]{ clwsf/Ln] o:tf] lqmofsnfk gb]v]
em}F u/L pbf;Lg eOlbgfn] klg P]g / sfg'gdf hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo
eO;Sbf klg Jojxf/df cGTo x'g g;s]sf] b'vb\ l:ylt xfd|f;fd' /x]sf] 5 . To;}n]
hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'th:tf] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] sn+ssf] kdf /x]sf] s'ky| fnfO{
h/}bl] v pv]Ngsf] nflu /fHo, lje]b Pj+ 5'jf5'taf6 kLl8t kIf / kL8s tLgj6}
kIf plQs} kdf ;hu, ;r]t / ;sf/fTds x'g' h?/L 5 . b]zdf hftLo lje]bsf]
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