Active Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.Active Voice sering digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Contoh :

Ayumi eats takoyaki (Ayumi makan takoyaki) Takeshi meets Shizuka everyday We fertilize the soil every 6 months

Passive Voice
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan oleh objek pekerjaan.Passive voice sering digunakan pada surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah, dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah.Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice
merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh :

Takoyaki is eaten by Ayumi (Takoyaki dimakan Ayumi) Shizuka is met by Takeshi everyday The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.

4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).

5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by. 6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Penggunaan Passive Voice Dalam Past Perfect Tense

Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Formula : ............... had been + verb 3 + past tense.............. Contoh:

Active : He had met them before I came. Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

Penggunaan kalimat pasif:

a) By digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui. Contoh: Life on the Mississippi was written by Mark Twain.( Life on the Mississippi ditulis oleh Mark Twain.) b) Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan. Contoh: The streets are swept every day.( Jalanan yang disapu setiap hari) c) Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan. Contoh: The professor was murdered.( Profesor itu dibunuh) d) Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif adalah people. Contoh: He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of ) [Dia diduga menerima barang curian.(Orang menduganya dari )] e) Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif berupa indefinite pronoun one. Contoh: Active : One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.( Seseorang melihat iklan semacam ini di mana-mana) Passive : This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.( Iklan semacam ini terlihat di mana-mana) f) Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa pelaku pekerjaan. Cotoh: A new public library is being built.(Sebuah perpustakaan umum baru sedang dibangun) g) Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai dengan tata bahasa. Contoh: When he arrived home a detective arrested him.( Ketika ia tiba di rumah seorang detektif menangkapnya) Akan lebih baik : When he arrived home he was arrested(Ketika ia tiba di rumah dia ditangkap)

Contoh-contoh passive voice yang lain:

1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko 2. 3. 4. 5.

sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya). The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi). These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu). There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes). English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).

Active Voice
Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative accusative languages, including English. Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb. A sentence whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active sentence. Active Voice is often used in daily activities. Example :

Ayumi eats takoyaki Takeshi meets Shizuka everyday We fertilize the soil every 6 months

Passive Voice
Passive sentence (passive voice) is a sentence where the subject is subjected to the job by a job object. In the English language, the English passive voice is formed with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a transitive verb. Passive voice is often used in newspapers, articles in magazines, and scientific writings. Passive voice is used because the object of the active voice is more important information than his subject. Example :

Takoyaki is eaten by Ayumi Shizuka is met by Takeshi everyday The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

From this example we can see that:

1. Object of the active voice (the soil) becomes the subject of the passive voice 2. Subject of the active voice (we) became the object of the passive voice. Note also that there is a change of subject pronoun 'We' became the object pronoun 'us'. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) on active voice becomes verb3 (fertilized) on passive voice. 4. Addition of some 'is' in front verb3. Be used is dependent on subject of passive voice and tenses used. (Note the passive voice patterns below). 5. The addition of the word 'by' behind verb3. However, if the object of the passive voice is considered not important or unknown, then the object is usually not mentioned and so was the word 'by'. 6. Especially for progressive sentences (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, and past perfect continuous future, need to add a 'being' in front verb3). If you did not add "being", the tense will change, not a progressive / continuous again.

Based on the six points above the passive voice followed the pattern as follows:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Change Active Voice Into Passive Voice

To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following: 1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot

2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by

3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form

Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning. As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.

It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

Change Passive Voice Into Active Voice

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above. 1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot

2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed

3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.

Use of Passive Voice In the Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions If the active voice in the past perfect tense, the 'be' in the passive voice changed to 'been' that placed after the auxiliary 'Had', so it becomes 'Had been'. Formula : ............... had been + verb 3 + past tense.............. Example:

Active

: He had met them before I came.

Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

The use of passive voice:

a. 'By' is used in the passive voice when the perpetrator of work needs to be

known. Example: Life on the Mississippi was written by Mark Twain b. Passive voice is used when the perpetrator of work do not need to know. Example: The streets are swept every day c. Passive voice is used when we do not know or forgot who the perpetrator of work. Example: The professor was murdered

d. Passive voice is used when the subject of an active sentence is 'people'.

Example: He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of ) e. Passive voice is used when the subject in active sentences in the form of indefinite pronoun 'one'. Example: Active : One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere Passive : This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere. f. Passive voice is used when we are more interested in the job (action) rather than actors who work. Example: A new public library is being built. g. Passive sentences can be used to avoid unusual sentences or not suitable with grammar. Example: When he arrived home a detective arrested him would be better: When he arrived home he was arrested

The other examples of passive voice:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. English is studied by all high school students.

ENGLISH TASK

GROUP 7 PAST PERFECT PASSIVE VOICE X-1

SMAN 1 CIMAHI