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A Survey of Modern European History:From Joan of Arc to Tony Blair
From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection
First Edition
Published:May 14, 2006
The current version of this book can be found athttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/European_History
 
2
Contents
PREFACE - A BACKGROUND OF EUROPEAN HISTORY...................................................................8
 
I
NTRODUCTION
...................................................................................................................................................8
 
F
ALL OF THE
R
OMAN
E
MPIRE
............................................................................................................................8
 
B
ARBARIANS
U
NITE
...........................................................................................................................................9
 
R
OMANESQUE AND
G
OTHIC
A
RT
....................................................................................................................10
 
P
APAL
P
OWER IN THE
M
IDDLE
A
GES
..............................................................................................................11
 
S
OCIETY IN THE
M
IDDLE
A
GES
.......................................................................................................................12
 
CHAPTER 01 - THE CRISES OF THE MIDDLE AGES..........................................................................14
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................14
 
N
EW
B
REEDS OF
A
RT
.......................................................................................................................................14
 
T
HE
H
UNDRED
Y
EARS
W
AR
............................................................................................................................15
 
T
HE
R
ISE OF
T
OWNS AND
C
OMMERCE
............................................................................................................16
 
G
ROWTH OF
N
ATIONAL
M
ONARCHIES
............................................................................................................16
 
T
HE
B
LACK
D
EATH
..........................................................................................................................................16
 
C
HALLENGES TO
S
PIRITUAL
A
UTHORITY AT THE
E
ND OF THE
M
IDDLE
A
GES
..............................................17
 
CHAPTER 02 - RENAISSANCE EUROPE.................................................................................................20
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................20
 
S
OCIAL
O
RDER AND
C
ULTURAL
C
HANGE
.......................................................................................................20
 
T
HE
B
IRTH OF
H
UMANISM
...............................................................................................................................20
 
A
RTS
.................................................................................................................................................................22
 
T 
 HE 
P
 RINCE 
.......................................................................................................................................................22
 
N
ORTHERN
R
ENAISSANCE VS
. S
OUTHERN
R
ENAISSANCE
.............................................................................23
 
T
HE
N
EW
M
ONARCHIES
...................................................................................................................................23
 
 
3T
HE
R
ISE OF
C
OURT
L
IFE
.................................................................................................................................24
 
CHAPTER 03 - EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY..............................................................................25
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................25
 
C
AUSES OF THE
A
GE OF
E
XPLORATION
...........................................................................................................25
 
P
ORTUGUESE
R
OLES IN
E
ARLY
E
XPLORATION
...............................................................................................26
 
O
THER
I
MPORTANT
P
EOPLE
.............................................................................................................................26
 
R
ESULTS OF THE
A
GE OF
E
XPLORATION
.........................................................................................................27
 
CHAPTER 04 - CHALLENGES TO SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY...........................................................28
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................28
 
C
AUSES OF THE
P
ROTESTANT
R
EFORMATION
.................................................................................................29
 
K
EY
P
ERSONS OF THE
R
EFORMATION
.............................................................................................................29
 
C
HART OF
K
EY
R
ELIGIONS
..............................................................................................................................32
 
T
HE
C
OUNTER
-R
EFORMATION
........................................................................................................................33
 
T
HE
S
PANISH
R
ECONQUISTA OF
1492.............................................................................................................34
 
R
ELIGIOUS
Q
UALMS IN
E
NGLAND
...................................................................................................................34
 
CHAPTER 05 - RELIGIOUS WARS IN EUROPE....................................................................................35
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................35
 
S
PANISH
C
ONFLICT WITH THE
D
UTCH
.............................................................................................................36
 
T
HE
S
PANISH
A
RMADA
....................................................................................................................................36
 
T
HE
D
ECLINE OF
S
PAIN
....................................................................................................................................37
 
T
HE
T
HIRTY
Y
EARS
' W
AR
...............................................................................................................................37
 
CHAPTER 06 - ABSOLUTISM IN EUROPE..............................................................................................40
 
I
NTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................40
 
S
OCIAL
S
TRATIFICATION OF THE
1600
S AND
1700
S
.......................................................................................40
 
L
OUIS
XIV, M
ODEL OF
A
BSOLUTISM
.............................................................................................................40
 
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