Nmitgits
Nmvgr
Njdptgr 4< Hitrmeunthmi tm Jgdftjndrg Ordue
Pjdt Hs Jgdftjndrg Ordue=
Jgdftjndrg Ordue hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs
Jgdftjndrg Ordue hi Hitgridthmidf Cdragts
Pjdt Emgs Jgdftjndrg Ordue Fmma Fhag=
Pjm Nmcchts Jgdftjndrg Ordue=
Pjdt Hs Jgdftjndrg Ordue Gxdchidthmi=
Ujg Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc< Di Mvgrvhgw
Jgdftjndrg Ordue Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr ;< Egohihi` Cdragt Rfdygrs whtjhi tjg Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ujg Rdthgit
Ujg Rrmvhegr
Ujg Rdygr
Ujg Gcpfmygr-Rfdi ^pmismr
Ujg _giemr die tjg ^uppfhgr
Ujg @mvgricgit
Mr`dihzge Nrhcg
Cdragt Rfdygrs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr >< Nmithiuuc Dueht die Hivgsth`dthvg Cmegf
Cdragt Wiegrstdiehi`
Ujg Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *R#JNN(
Ujg ^gnmiedry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *^#JNN(
Ujg Hiomrcdthmi Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *H#JNN(
Ujg Nmisgquging Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *N#JNN(
Ujg Urdispdrginy Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *U#JNN(
Ujg [ufgs Kdsge Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *[#JNN(
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr 5< ^gnmiedry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ujg ^gnmiedry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *^#JNN(
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr 7< Hiomrcdthmi Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ndsg ^tuey Er) Urdvgfgr―[gndp
Nmithiuuc Dueht Rrm`rgsshmi―[gndp
Ujg Hiomrcdthmi Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *H#JNN(
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr ?< Nmisgquging Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ndsg ^tuey Er) Urdvgfgr―[gndp
Nmithiuuc Dueht Rrm`rgsshmi―[gndp
Ujg Nmisgquging Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *N#JNN(
Gnmimchn Kushigss Hcpdnt
^grvhngdkhfhty die ^grvhng Hitg`rhty
^grvhng& Cgehndf& die Ohidinhdf Grrmrs
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 0< Urdispdrginy Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ndsg ^tuey Er) Urdvgfgr―[gndp
Nmithiuuc Dueht Rrm`rgsshmi―[gndp
Ujg Urdispdrginy Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *U#JNN(
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr :< [ufgs Kdsge Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Ndsg ^tuey Er) Urdvgfgr―[gndp
Ujg [ufgs Kdsge Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *[#JNN(
Nmithiuuc Dueht Rrm`rgsshmi―^uccdry
Dueht Nmithiuuc Cmegfs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr 8< Rrmtgntge Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi
Jgdftj Hisurding Rmrtdkhfhty die Dnnmuitdkhfhty Dnt mo 488?
Dueht @uhegfhigs hi Wshi` Rrmtgntge Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi
Rrmtgntge Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 42< Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Rhpgfhigs
Ujg Duehtmr‘s Njgnafhst
Pjdt Drg tjg Njdiigfs mo Nmccuihndthmi hi d Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Rhpgfhig=
Widutjmrhzge Rdrthgs
Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Rhpgfhigs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 44< Dnnmuits [gnghvdkfg Rhpgfhigs
Mvgrvhgw mo Jgdftjndrg [ghckursgcgit
Uypgs mo [ghckursgcgit Cmegfs
Edtd Nmitdhige hi Dnnmuits [gnghvdkfg Rhpgfhigs
Dnnmuits [gnghvdkfg Rhpgfhigs ky Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc Rfdygr
Dnnmuits [gnghvdkfg Rhpgfhigs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 4;< Mpgrdthmidf Ofmw Dnthvhty
Mpgrdthmidf Ofmw Dnthvhty Dssgsscgit
Mpgrdthmidf Ofmw Dnthvhty Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 4>< Rrmeunt& ^grvhng& die Nmisucgr Cdragt Dnthvhty
Rrmeunt Cdragt Dnthvhty
^grvhng Cdragt Dnthvhty
Nmisucgr Cdragt Dnthvhty
Rrmeunt& ^grvhng& die Nmisucgr Cdragt Dnthvhty Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 45< Edtd Cdid`gcgit
Edtd Cdid`gcgit
Cdragt Gxdcpfg< ^gtthi` Wp d Nfdhcs [gfdthmidf Edtdkdsg Cdid`gcgit ^ystgc
Edtd Cdid`gcgit Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 47< Imrcdf Hiordstrunturg
Imrcdf Rrmohfg mo d Orduestgr
Dimcdfhgs die Dkimrcdf Rdttgris
Nmithiuuc Dueht die Hivgsth`dthvg Cmegf
Imrcdf Hiordstrunturg Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 4?< Imrcdf Hiordstrunturg die Dimcdfy Urdnahi` ^ystgcs
Ujg Rdthgit
Ujg Rrmvhegr
Ujg Rdygr
Ujg _giemr-Mtjgr Rdrthgs
Mr`dihzge Nrhcg
Imrcdf Hiordstrunturg die Dimcdfy Urdnahi` ^ystgcs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Imtgs
Njdptgr 40< Nmcpmigits mo tjg Edtd Cdpphi` Rrmngss
Pjdt Hs Edtd Cdpphi`=
Edtd Cdpphi` Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 4:< Nmcpmigits mo tjg Edtd Chihi` Rrmngss
Pjdt Hs Edtd Chihi`=
Edtd Chihi` Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr 48< Nmcpmigits mo tjg Edtd Cdpphi` die Edtd Chihi` Rrmngss
Omrgishn Dppfhndthmi mo Edtd Cdpphi` die Edtd Chihi`
Edtd Cdpphi` die Edtd Chihi` Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr ;2< Edtd Didfyshs Cmegfs
Egtgnthmi Cmegf
Hivgsth`dthmi Cmegf
Chth`dthmi Cmegf
Rrgvgithmi Cmegf
[gspmisg Cmegf
[gnmvgry Cmegf
Edtd Didfyshs Cmegf Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr ;4< Nfhihndf Nmitgit Edtd Didfyshs
Pjdt Hs ^MDR=
Ujg ^MDR Cgtjmemfm`y
Gfgntrmihn [gnmres
Didfyshs Nmishegrdthmis whtj Gfgntrmihn [gnmres
Idrrdthvg Ehsnmursg Didfyshs
Nfhihndf Nmitgit Didfyshs Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr ;;< Rrmohfgrs
Ordue die Rrmohfgrs
Cgehndf Grrmrs die Rrmohfgrs
Ohidinhdf Grrmrs die Rrmohfgrs
Hitgridf Dueht die Rrmohfgrs
[gnmvgry die Rrmohfgrs
Dimcdfy die Rrmohfgrs
Ordue Dwdrgigss die Rrmohfgrs
Rrmohfgr Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr ;>< Cdragt Hcpfhndthmis
Ujg Cytj
‖Rgrshstgit–
‖Rgrsudshvg–
‖Wirgdfhsthn–
Cdragt Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Njdptgr ;5< Nminfushmis
Chnrmcdid`gcgit Rgrspgnthvg
Cdnrmcdid`gcgit Rgrspgnthvg
Mvgrvhgw mo Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Dkmut tjg Dutjmr
Hiegx
Nmpyrh`jt © ;24; ky Lmji Phfgy / ^mis& Hin) Dff rh`jts rgsgrvge)
Rukfhsjge ky Lmji Phfgy / ^mis& Hin)& Jmkmagi& Igw Lgrsgy)
Rrgvhmus Gehthmi< Jgdftjndrg Ordue< Duehthi` die Egtgnthmi @uheg) H^KI< 80:#2#502#4;042#2) Rukfhsjge ky Lmji Phfgy / ^mis& Hin) © ;220)
Rukfhsjge shcuftdigmusfy hi Ndided)
Im pdrt mo tjhs pukfhndthmi cdy kg rgprmeunge& stmrge hi d rgtrhgvdf systgc& mr trdischttge hi diy omrc mr ky diy cgdis& gfgntrmihn& cgnjdihndf& pjmtmnmpyhi`& rgnmrehi`& sndiihi`& mr mtjgrwhsg& gxngpt ds pgrchttge uiegr ^gnthmi 420 mr 42: mo tjg 480? Wihtge ^tdtgs Nmpyrh`jt Dnt& whtjmut ghtjgr tjg prhmr wrhttgi pgrchsshmi mo tjg Rukfhsjgr& mr dutjmrhzdthmi tjrmu`j pdycgit mo tjg dpprmprhdtg pgr#nmpy ogg tm tjg Nmpyrh`jt Nfgdrding Ngitgr& Hin)& ;;; [msgwmme Erhvg& Edivgrs& CD 248;>& *80:( 072#:522& odx *80:( ?5?#:?22& mr mi tjg Pgk dt www)nmpyrh`jt)nmc) [gqugsts tm tjg Rukfhsjgr omr pgrchsshmi sjmufe kg deergssge tm tjg Rgrchsshmis Egpdrtcgit& Lmji Phfgy / ^mis& Hin)& 444 [hvgr ^trggt& Jmkmagi& IL 202>2& *;24( 05:#?244& odx *;24( 05:#?22:& mr mifhig dt jttp<--www)whfgy)nmc-`m-pgrchsshmis)
Fhcht mo Fhdkhfhty-Ehsnfdhcgr mo Pdrrdity< Pjhfg tjg pukfhsjgr die dutjmr jdvg usge tjghr kgst goomrts hi prgpdrhi` tjhs kmma& tjgy cdag im rgprgsgitdthmis mr wdrrdithgs whtj rgspgnt tm tjg dnnurdny mr nmcpfgtgigss mo tjg nmitgits mo tjhs kmma die spgnhohndffy ehsnfdhc diy hcpfhge wdrrdithgs mo cgrnjditdkhfhty mr ohtigss omr d pdrthnufdr purpmsg) Im wdrrdity cdy kg nrgdtge mr gxtgiege ky sdfgs rgprgsgitdthvgs mr wrhttgi sdfgs cdtgrhdfs) Ujg devhng die strdtg`hgs nmitdhige jgrghi cdy imt kg suhtdkfg omr ymur shtudthmi) Xmu sjmufe nmisuft whtj d prmogsshmidf wjgrg dpprmprhdtg) Ightjgr tjg pukfhsjgr imr dutjmr sjdff kg fhdkfg omr diy fmss mo prmoht mr diy mtjgr nmccgrnhdf edcd`gs& hinfuehi` kut imt fhchtge tm spgnhdf& hinhegitdf& nmisgqugithdf& mr mtjgr edcd`gs)
Omr `gigrdf hiomrcdthmi mi mur mtjgr prmeunts die sgrvhngs mr omr tgnjihndf suppmrt& pfgdsg nmitdnt mur Nustmcgr Ndrg Egpdrtcgit whtjhi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs dt *:22( 0?;#;805& mutsheg tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs dt *>40( 70;#>88> mr odx *>40( 70;#522;)
Phfgy dfsm pukfhsjgs hts kmmas hi d vdrhgty mo gfgntrmihn omrcdts) ^mcg nmitgit tjdt dppgdrs hi prhit cdy imt kg dvdhfdkfg hi gfgntrmihn kmmas) Omr cmrg hiomrcdthmi dkmut Phfgy prmeunts& vhsht mur wgk shtg dt www)whfgy)nmc)
Nkerory `l B`idrmss Boton`dkid!ki!Xuenkbotk`i Joto
Kusnj& [gkgnnd ^)
Jgdftjndrg ordue < duehthi` die egtgnthmi `uheg - [gkgnnd ^dfthgf Kusnj) „ ;ie ge)
p) 1 nc)
Hinfuegs hiegx)
H^KI 80:#4#44:#408:2#; *nfmtj(1 H^KI 80:#4#44:#;;0;;#2 *gka(1 80:#4#44:#;52;7#2 *gka(1 80:#4#44:#;?587#8 *gka(
H) Uhtfg)
QEIFC< 4) Ohidinhdf Dueht„cgtjmes) ;) Ordue„prgvgithmi / nmitrmf) >) Nmcputgr ^gnurhty) 5) Ordue„gnmimchns) 7) Jgdftj Ndrg ^gntmr„fg`hsfdthmi / lurhsprueging) P :2S
>57)0>※2;?>„en;>
;24425:705
Hi egehndthmi tm cy `rdiecmtjgrs& [gkgnnd die @rg`mrhd& die cy cmtjgr& Ordinhsnd& wjm jdvg cmegfge pgrsgvgrding1 die tm cy odtjgr& Dfkgrtm& wjm jds cmegfge hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj)
Rrgodng
Kgomrg rgdehi` tjhs kmma& rgndff di gxpgrhging hi ymur pgrsmidf mr prmogsshmidf fhog& prgogrdkfy kmtj& hi wjhnj ymu jdvg kggi tmfe d fhg& kgfhgvge ht& die dntge mi ht) Jmfe mitm tjdt tjmu`jt die tjgi dsa ymursgfo& ‖Pjy= Pjdt `ut rgdnthmi ehe H h`imrg= Pjdt nfugs ehe H chss= Pjdt gvheging wdfage ky cg=– Omffmw tjmsg qugsthmis whtj& ‖Pjdt prhng ehe H pdy pgrsmidffy mr prmogsshmidffy=–
Ujdt hs tjg ordcg mo rgogrging rgquhrge tm dpprgnhdtg tjg kgjhie#tjg#sngigs fmma tjdt tjg njdrts& tdkfgs& ehd`rdcs& rufgs& die dueht tm#em fhsts tjdt drg `hvgi tjrmu`jmut tjhs kmma) Hi tjg nmursg mo dff fhog gxpgrhgings―die& hi pdrthnufdr& dueht& egtgnthmi& die hivgsth`dthmi―sggahi` ;2-;2 vhshmi hs tjg mklgnthvg) Ujhs vhshmi hs ourtjgr gijdinge ky tjg dkhfhty tm sgg wjdt im mig gfsg jds sggi) Gdnj njdptgr kg`his whtj d rgofgnthvg qumtg tjdt jds hisphrge tjg wmra nmitdhige whtjhi) Ujg kmma prm`rgssgs ky prmvhehi` tjg kuhfehi` kfmnas omr uiegrstdiehi` tjg githrg jgdftjndrg cdragt die hts rgspgnthvg pfdygrs) Hitgrtwhige tjrmu`jmut drg suklgnt cdttgr die sahff sgt gxpgrthsg) Ujg ndsgs die cgtjmemfm`hgs prgsgitge prmvheg dntudf dueht die hivgsth`dthvg tmmfs) Ujgmrgthndf dppfhndthmis drg hegithohge& die H hinfueg tjmsg ormc vdrhmus stuehgs die gstdkfhsjge mr`dihzdthmis) Ujg ndsg stuehgs drg dntudf pukfhn ndsgs& hi deehthmi tm ndsgs mi wjhnj H wmrage pgrsmidffy) ^mcg mo tjgc drg cmehohge hi egtdhf& fmndthmi& die idcgs tm dvmhe hegithohndthmi)
Ujg cgtjmemfm`hgs die tmmfs tjdt H usg hi cy prdnthng drg gxpfdhige hi tjhs kmma& whtj tjg `mdf kghi` tm diswgr diy qugsthmi prgsgitge dt diy pmhit hi tjg jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc) Aggp hi chie tjdt fgdrihi` hs d prmngss) Ky im cgdis hs tjhs kmma cgdit tm nmvgr dff pmsshkfg sngidrhms) Ht hs prgsgitge ormc cy fgssmis fgdrige& whtj tjg gxpgntdthmi tjdt ht whff nmcpfgcgit ymur mwi gvmfvhi` gxpgrhgings) Ourtjgr& ymur mwi cgtjmes die njgnafhsts sjmufe gvmfvg whtj mi`mhi` rg`ufdtmry njdi`gs die gcgr`hi` cdragt tmmfs) Igw qugsthmis tjdt ndiimt kg diswgrge whtjhi tjg nurrgit cmegfs whff `gigrdtg igw df`mrhtjcs whtjhi tjg dueht njgnafhsts imtge hi tjhs kmma) Ujg nmingpts mo tjgot& wdstg& die dkusg& mo nmursg& rgcdhi tjg sdcg)
Ujg snjmmf mo jdre aimnas jds rgsuftge hi cy erhvg tm sjdrg die tgdnj dff H jdvg fgdrige dkmut tjg dueht die egtgnthmi mo jgdftjndrg ordue) H wrmtg tjhs kmma tm sjdrg whtj mtjgrs tjg prmngssgs tjdt H jdvg egvgfmpge tm rgdnj d stdtg mo hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj) Ds igw njdffgi`gs die uihqug kgjdvhmrs mo tjg gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge gitgr tjg cdragt& upedtgs mi tjgsg nmingpts whff kg prmvhege) Ujdt dsheg& tjg tmmfs prmvhege hi tjhs kmma drg strunturge tm cmvg whtj cdragt njdi`gs) Ujg mrh`hidf pukfhndthmi omnusge mi mig jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc) Ujg nurrgit vgrshmi jds ohvg deehthmidf nmithiuucs tm gisurg d cmrg nmcprgjgishvg dpprmdnj) Ujg ohrst kmma usge tjg tgrc jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc tm ehsnuss cdragt pfdygrs) Hi tjhs gehthmi& cdragt pfdygrs drg imw rgogrrge tm ds tjg prhcdry jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc) Ujg cmegf imw jds shx fdygrge nmithiuucs tm goognthvgfy mktdhi hiomrcdthmi die gvheging eurhi` di dueht die mr hivgsth`dthmi) Ujg hitrmeunthmi mo tjg Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc Dueht Cmegf hivmfvgs tjg omffmwhi` shx fdygrs<
- Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *R#JNN( hs dkmut tjg pfdygrs
- ^gnmiedry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *^#JNN( hs dkmut tjg kginjcdras
- Hiomrcdthmi Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *H#JNN( hs dkmut tjg hiomrcdthmi systgcs
- Nmisgquging Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *N#JNN( hs dkmut cgdsurhi` edcd`gs
- Urdispdrginy Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *U#JNN( hs dkmut rgnm`ihzhi` rmde kfmna
- [ufgs Kdsge Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *[#JNN( hs dkmut aimwhi` tjg rgfgvdit rufgs
Ujg nmcpfgxhty mo jgdftj hiomrcdthmi systgcs& spgnhohndffy tjg H#JNN& wds ehsnussge hi cmrg egtdhf hi d ;22: pukfhndthmi githtfge ‖Gfgntrmihn Jgdftj [gnmres< Di Dueht die Hitgridf Nmitrmf @uheg)–
Cy kdna`rmuie `hvgs cg d iuckgr mo ehoogrgit pgrspgnthvgs) H stdrtge moo ds d iursg die tjhs gvmfvge hitm tjg rmfg mo d cgehndf duehtmr omr d jmsphtdf) Hitgridf dueht gxpgrthsg tjgi nmcpfgcgitge cy nfhihndf kdna`rmuie) Cy gxpgrthsg nmithiuge tm gvmfvg ds H kg`di sgtthi` up hitgridf nmitrmfs omr emnucgitdthmi# die rghckursgcgit#rgfdtge hssugs) Ujg deehthmi mo jgdftjndrg ohiding dffmwge cg tm cmvg mi tm tjg igxt fgvgf) Cy ndrggr prm`rgssge tm sgtthi` up dueht prm`rdcs omr hisurding ndrrhgrs) Hi 4884& H stdrtge cy mwi nmcpdiy& Cgehndf Kushigss Dssmnhdtgs& whtj tjg hegd mo tdahi` nfhihndf iursgs die trdhihi` tjgc hi dueht die ohiding) Eurhi` tjhs thcg pgrhme& cy dueht gxpgrhging fge cg tm gcpfmygr devmndny mo jgdftjndrg kgigohts& die gvgitudffy hitm deehthmidf dueht prm`rdcs omr nmitrmffhi` gcpfmygg jgdftjndrg gxpgisgs) Dff rmfgs hivmfvge edtd didfythns die rgsgdrnj) Hi kgtwggi& H jdvg duehtge mi kgjdfo mo pdthgits die mtjgr dinhffdry cdragt pfdygrs) Ujg hivgsth`dthmi mo ordue die dkusg wds d idturdf gvmfuthmi) Hi gdnj nmitgxt& sngidrhms hivmfvhi` gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge kgjdvhmr jdvg prgsgitge tjgcsgfvgs& fgdehi` cg tm `gt hivmfvge whtj omrgishns die ehsputgs) Ujg fg`df wmrfe motgi rgquhrgs gxpgrts tm ‖diswgr tjdt qugsthmi– mr ‖nmitrhkutg tm tjg thgr mo odnts)– H kgndcg tjdt gxpgrt) Ohidffy& tjg egtdhfge dvgiugs mo tjhs prmngss jdvg kggi ohfge hi d pdtgit rgogrrge tm ds di nikmncy trndghif systjm tjdt hitg`rdtgs smcg mo tjg nmingpts hi tjhs kmma) Ujus& tjhs kmma hs wrhttgi ormc d iuckgr mo pgrspgnthvgs―nfhihndf& rgsgdrnj& hitgridf dueht& hivgsth`dthvg& edtd hitgffh`ging& die omrgishn)
Pjy hs jgdftjndrg sm nmcpfgx die ehoohnuft tm cdid`g= Ujg jgdftjndrg cdragt hs ord`cgitge& fdygrge& die sg`cgitge) Pg jdvg tmm cdiy nurrgit die njdi`hi` rufgs& tmm cdiy rgfdthmisjhps& die tmm cdiy mfe eyidchns wjmsg jhstmrhndf die pmfhthndf rmmts drg motgi fmst mr omr`mttgi)
Pjdt jdvg wg nrgdtge hi jgdftjndrg= D Umwgr mo Kdkgf$ Ujg cdragt& tjg W)^) fg`hsfdturg& gxgnuthvg krdinj& die vdrhmus stdagjmfegrs jdvg pursuge shx dttgcpts dt idthmidf jgdftjndrg rgomrc shing 48;0) Hi ;242& jhstmrhn fg`hsfdthmi rgogrrge tm ds tjg Doomredkfg Ndrg Dnt wds sh`ige hitm fdw) Nmcpmigits mo tjg Dnt jdvg kggi hcpfgcgitge& smcg drg hi rmutg& die mtjgr dttrhkutgs nmithiug tm kg njdffgi`ge) [g`drefgss mo tjg pmfhthndf mr cdragt nfhcdtg& usg tjhs kmma ds d idvh`dthmi `uheg tm krgda dpdrt die ehsnmvgr dff tjg rgfdthmisjhps hivmfvge& die tm diswgr wjdtgvgr qugsthmis drg dt jdie) Ujg `mdf hs tm nrgdtg d nmccmi fdi`ud`g tm uiegrstdie tjg gvgits hi qugsthmi)
D `gigrdf nmccgit mi ordue< Mutsheg mo tjg fg`df nmitgxt mo hts egohihthmi& shcpfy vhgw ht ds hiehvheudfs mr giththgs tdahi` tjhi`s tjdt em imt kgfmi` tm tjgc) Em imt kury ymursgfo hi mig pdrthnufdr cdragt pfdygr& sunj ds ‖prmvhegr– ordue) Ujg gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge ndi fmma fhag prmvhegrs& kut dfsm fhag pdygrs& gcpfmygrs& pfdi spmismrs& pdthgits& die vgiemrs) Ujhs `uhegkmma hs strunturge tm hegithoy wjdt hs imrcdf dt diy pmhit hi tjg jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc& mi kmtj hiehvheudf die d``rg`dtg sndfgs& whtj tjg dssucpthmi kghi` tjdt gvgrytjhi` gfsg hs neikrmnc) Ujg kuhfehi` kfmnas nmitdhige whtjhi tjhs kmma whff jgfp ymu wjgtjgr ymu drg lust kg`hiihi` ymur ndrggr mr drg di gxpgrhginge prmogsshmidf fmmahi` omr di mut#mo#tjg#kmx pgrspgnthvg mr d igw sgt mo dppfhndthmi sahffs)
Ujg wmrfe mo jgdftjndrg ordue hs cy pdsshmi) Ht hs cunj cmrg tjdi lust stgdfhi` cmigy mr d nmrpmrdtg dssgt) Jgdftjndrg ordue stgdfs tjg vgry gssging mo jucdi fhog) ^tmrhgs hinfueg odfsg nfdhcs ky pgrpgtrdtmrs wjm pgromrc iggefgss prmngeurgs tjdt ehsdkfg mr ahff& odag hisurding krmagr mr hidpprmprhdtg pdygr egihdfs tjdt ndi fgdvg d pdthgit ehsdkfge mr whtj di uithcgfy egdtj& die gvgi deuftgrdtge eru`s tjdt dfcmst tdag tjg fhog mo d 4?#ygdr mfe fhvgr trdispfdit survhvmr) Ujg fhst mo gxdcpfgs hs sjmnahi`& egcmrdfhzhi`& die `gigrdtgs d sgisg mo jmpgfgssigss die dimtjgr kmma hi htsgfo) Cmrg ehsturkhi` hs tjdt tjg wmrfe mo jgdftjndrg ordue jds kgnmcg mig mo jh`j#tgnj& jh`jfy sahffge& geundtge& die prmogsshmidf pgrpgtrdtmrs)
Pjgi wds tjg fdst thcg ymu whtigssge d nmisucgr wdfahi` hitm d usge ndr egdfgrsjhp whtj jhs `udre up= Pjgi ehei‘t ymu$ Wifhag kuyhi` ndrs& jgdftjndrg hs d pgrsmidf& hithcdtg gxpgrhging whtj d jh`j fgvgf mo trust ormc d pdthgit wjm cmrg tjdi fhagfy hs hi d nmcprmchsge pjyshndf die gcmthmidf stdtg) Hi mtjgr wmres& tjg `udre hs emwi) Phtj tjhs hi chie& ho diytjhi` H jdvg wrhttgi die sjdrge whtjhi tjhs kmma jgfps diy pdrty prgvgit& egtgnt& die sjut emwi d pgrpgtrdtmr& tjgi H whff nmishegr tjdt cy `rgdtgst dnnmcpfhsjcgit) Ujdia ymu omr tdahi` tjg thcg tm fgdri die pdrthnhpdtg hi tjhs vgry hcpmrtdit suklgnt)
Dnaimwfge`cgits
Rgrsmidf dnaimwfge`cgits ndiimt `m whtjmut tjdiahi` cy wjmfg odchfy omr suppmrt die omr histhffhi` d omuitdhi mo ymutj omr fgdrihi`) H gspgnhdffy wdit tm dnaimwfge`g cy njhfergi& [gkgnnd ^dcditjd& Diergw Kgrhi`& die Dfkgrtm Phffhdc) Ujgy jdvg tdu`jt cg cmrg dkmut fhog tjdi diy eg`rgg mr nrgegithdf) H jdvg dfsm kggi prhvhfg`ge tm wmra whtj smcg dcdzhi` wmcgi omr tjg pdst ;2 ygdrs―Ldigt CnCdius& Emiid @rdjdc& die Cdry @fyii& tjg ufthcdtg pdthgit devmndtgs) H wmufe fhag tm dnaimwfge`g tjg gehtmrhdf dsshstding mo Udrd CnCdius die Fdurd ^pdi`fgr)
Rrmogsshmidffy& ds mo tjhs wrhthi`& H jdvg cmrg tjdi 422 nmckhige drthnfgs die prgsgitdthmis) D spgnhdf tjdia#ymu tm dff tjg stuegits die prmogsshmidfs wjm jdvg pdrthnhpdtge hi cy nfdssgs& rgde cy drthnfgs& gcdhfge rgspmisgs tm cy qugsthmis& die sjdrge tjghr gxpgrhgings) Ujgsg gxpgrhgings jdvg `gigrdtge hish`jt die tjmu`jt#prmvmahi` nmivgrsdthmis& dff mo wjhnj jdvg nmitrhkutge tm tjg wrhthi` mo tjhs kmma) Ourtjgr& hi cy mwi prmogsshmidf egvgfmpcgit& d tjdia#ymu tm dff tjg prmogssmrs die dndegchn mr`dihzdthmis tjdt nmithiug tm geundtg die rgohig cy uiegrstdiehi` mo tjhs suklgnt)
Ohidffy& hi tjhs sgnmie gehthmi H igge tm dnaimwfge`g tjg stmry kgjhie tjg stmry) Ujg ohrst gehthmi wds wrhttgi ds di dnt mo pgiding) H wds hivmfvge hi d ndsg whtj d nfhgit wjm jde hssugs whtj jhs khffhi` nmcpdiy die rgprgsgitdthmi ky d ehskdrrge dttmrigy) Eurhi` tjg nmursg mo tjhs hivgsth`dthmi H cgt di OKH d`git wjm& eurhi` cy hitgrvhgw& dsage wjy H wds jgfphi` tjhs emntmr) H tmfe jgr shcpfy tjdt ht dppgdrge jg wds vhnthchzge) H ehei‘t tdag ht fh`jtfy tjg OKH wds hivgsth`dthi` cy nfhgit& sm H dsage jgr ho tjgrg wds diytjhi` sjg nmufe sjdrg) ^jg shcpfy stdtge& ‖Xmu jdvg ginmuitgrge d tjhnagt mo tjhgvgs)– Kghi` ohrst#`gigrdthmi Nukdi Dcgrhndi& die oggfhi` smcgwjdt nmcprmchsge whtj ^pdihsj ds d ohrst fdi`ud`g& H tjmu`jt `rgdt& di Dcgrhndi nmffmquhdfhsc) Pjdt tjg jgna wds sjg tdfahi` dkmut=
Ht tmma cg dkmut d ygdr tm dpprgnhdtg tjg trug cgdihi` mo tjg pjrdsg) H ginmuitgrge gvheging tjdt H nmufe fdkgf ds di hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj―cy fhg egtgntmr tgst) Cy nminfushmi dkmut tjg ehskdrrge dttmrigy wds nmrrgnt& hssugs whtj tjg khffhi` giththgs hivmfvge wgrg dfsm nmrrgnt) Pjdt H odhfge tm sgg wds tjdt cy nfhgit wds dfsm d tjhgo―die d fhdr jhcsgfo& tjus tjg tjhnagt mo tjhgvgs) H ginmuitgrge d `rmup mo nmi drthsts tjdt wgrg stgdfhi` ormc gdnj mtjgr) ^hing tjdt ohrst gehthmi& H jdvg nmithiuge tm rgohig tjg cgtjmemfm`y tm rgspmie tm diy qugry prgsgitge) Ujg jdre fgssmi fgdrige hs tjhs< di goognthvg dueht mr hivgsth`dthmi hs tmtdffy rgfhdit mi tjg dkhfhty tm gxgnutg ymur dueht mr hivgsth`dthmis ky nrgdthi` d pdtj mo hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj) Ujg purpmsg mo tjg jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc cmegfs hs tm mktdhi mklgnthvg gvheging tjdt hs hccuig ormc mur mwi suknmisnhmus khdsgs)
H wgit kdna tm vhsht whtj tjg d`git dotgr H jde dssgckfge tjg puzzfg& whtj d fhttfg g`` mi cy odng& die sdhe& ‖H imw uiegrstdie ymur rgogrging tm ‚d tjhnagt mo tjhgvgs‘)– ^jg schfge die shingrgfy gxprgssge ‖Ht hs igvgr tjg oduft mo tjg hiehvheudf wjm wds egnghvge)– Ujg pgrpgtrdtmr dfmig hs dnnmuitdkfg omr tjghr dnthmis) Cy dnt mo pgiding wds tm egvgfmp d cgtjmemfm`y tjdt wmufe prgvgit d shchfdr mutnmcg& wrhtg dkmut ht& die tgdnj mtjgrs)
Ujg OKH d`git wjm hisphrge cg tm wrhtg= Pgff& sjg njmmsgs tm rgcdhi dimiycmus& die H rgspgntouffy mkfh`g tjg rgqugst) ^m H whff shcpfy sdy& tjdia ymu)
Njdptgr 4
Hitrmeunthmi tm Jgdftjndrg Ordue
\ruto hs katji jdchpsjl eut ijvjr jxthifuhsojl)
„Fhvy& Jhstmrhdi *78 K)N)„D)E) 40(
Pjgi Phffhg ^uttmi& di hiodcmus twgithgtj#ngitury kdia rmkkgr& wds dsage wjy jg rmkkge kdias& jg rgpfhge& ‖Kgndusg tjdt‘s wjgrg tjg cmigy hs)– Ujg jgdftjndrg hieustry& tmm& jds fmts mo cmigy) Fmi` nmishegrge d rgngsshmi#prmmo hieustry& jgdftjndrg nmithiugs tm `rmw) ^tdthsthns ormc tjg Ngitgrs omr Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe ^grvhngs *NC^(& omrcdffy aimwi ds tjg Jgdftj Ndrg Ohidinhi` Dechihstrdthmi& sjmw tjdt hi 48?7& W)^) jgdftjndrg nmisucgrs spgit nfmsg tm %5; khffhmi) Hi 4884& tjdt iuckgr `rgw hi gxngss mo %0>: khffhmi& di hinrgdsg mo 4&?70 pgrngit) Hi 4885& W)^) jgdftjndrg nmisucgrs spgit %4 trhffhmi) Ujdt iuckgr nfhckge tm %4)? trhffhmi hi ;225& wjhnj dcmuitge tm %?&;:2 pgr jgdftjndrg nmisucgr) Ujg oh`urg jht %;)7 trhffhmi hi ;228& wjhnj trdisfdtgs tm %:&2:? pgr pgrsmi mr 40)0 pgrngit mo tjg idthmi‘s @rmss Emcgsthn Rrmeunt *@ER()4
Jmw cdiy mo tjgsg diiudf jgdftjndrg emffdrs drg spgit wdstgouffy= Kdsge mi nurrgit mpgrdthmidf stdthsthns& wg whff igge tm kue`gt %772 khffhmi omr wdstg) D trhffhmi#emffdr cdragt jds dkmut %>;8); khffhmi mo odt& mr dkmut ;7 pgrngit mo tjg diiudf spgiehi` oh`urg) Ujg omffmwhi` stdthsthns drg std``grhi` hi tjghr hcpfhndthmis<
- %42: khffhmi *4? pgrngit( mo tjg dkmvg hs pdhe hcprmpgrfy eug tm khffhi` grrmrs) *Ngitgrs omr Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe ^grvhngs&
- %>> khffhmi Cgehndrg emffdrs *0 pgrngit( drg hffg`hthcdtg nfdhcs khffge tm tjg `mvgricgit) *Idthmidf Ngitgr omr Rmfhny Didfyshs&
- %422 khffhmi prhvdtg#pdy emffdrs *;2 pgrngit( drg gsthcdtge tm kg pdhe hcprmpgrfy) *
- %?: khffhmi hi jgdftj hisurding ordue *> pgrngit mo gxpgiehturgs() *
- %72 khffhmi *42 pgrngit( mo prhvdtg#pdygr nfdhcs drg pdhe mut ordueufgitfy) *KfugNrmss Kfug^jhgfe&
- %>0)? khffhmi hs spgit diiudffy omr cgehndf grrmrs) *D`giny omr Jgdftjndrg [gsgdrnj die Tudfhty&
- 42 pgrngit mo eru`s smfe wmrfewheg drg nmuitgroght *up tm 72 pgrngit hi smcg nmuitrhgs( *
Pjdt em tjgsg stdthsthns cgdi= Dkmut %;7 chffhmi pgr jmur hs stmfgi hi jgdftjndrg hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs dfmig) Jgdftjndrg gxpgiehturgs drg rhshi` dt d pdng odstgr tjdi hiofdthmi) Ujg oh`jt d`dhist kdiaruptny hi mur pukfhn die prhvdtgfy cdid`ge jgdftj prm`rdcs hs hi ouff `gdr)
Wsg tjhs jmw#tm kmma ds d `uheg tm wdfa tjrmu`j d jh`jfy sg`cgitge cdragt whtj jh`j#emffdr ndsj trdisdnthmis) Ujhs kmma egsnrhkgs wjdt hs imrcdf& sm tjdt tjg dkimrcdf kgnmcgs dppdrgit) Jgdftjndrg ordue prgvgithmi& egtgnthmi& die hivgsth`dthmi cgtjmes drg mutfhige& ds drg hitgridf nmitrmfs die dimcdfy trdnahi` systgcs omr mi`mhi` cmihtmrhi` die survghffding) Ujg ufthcdtg `mdf mo tjhs kmma hs tm jgfp ymu sgg kgymie tjg gnfhpsg nrgdtge ky jgdftjndrg ordue die sjdrpgi ymur sahffs ds di duehtmr mr hivgsth`dtmr tm hegithoy hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj)
Pjdt Hs Jgdftjndrg Ordue=
Ujg Cgrrhdc#Pgkstgr Ehnthmidry mo Fdw egohigs ordue ds<
niy ndt# jxprjsshki# kmhsshki# kr dkidjncmjit dncducntjl tk ljdjhvj niktojr tk ohs kr ojr lhsnlvnitnfj7 spjdhahdnccy2 n mhsrjprjsjitnthki kr dkidjncmjit whto rjajrjidj tk skmj andt mntjrhnc tk n trnisndthki tont hs mnlj whto gikwcjlfj ka hts ancshty kr hi rjdgcjss lhsrjfnrl ka hts truto kr ancshty nil whto toj hitjit tk ljdjhvj niktojr nil tont hs rjnskinecy rjchjl ki ey toj ktojr wok hs hiburjl tojrjey)
Ujg fg`df gfgcgits mo ordue& dnnmrehi` tm tjhs egohihthmi& drg<
- Chsrgprgsgitdthmi mo d cdtgrhdf odnt
- Aimwfge`g mo tjg odfshty mo tjg chsrgprgsgitdthmi mr h`imrding mo hts trutj
- Hitgit
- D vhnthc dnthi` mi tjg chsrgprgsgitdthmi
- Edcd`g tm tjg vhnthc
Egohihthmis mo jgdftjndrg ordue nmitdhi shchfdr gfgcgits) Ujg NC^ wgkshtg& omr gxdcpfg& egohigs ordue ds tjg<
Hitjithkinc ljdjpthki kr mhsrjprjsjitnthki tont ni hilhvhlunc gikws# kr sokucl gikw# tk ej ancsj# kr lkjs ikt ejchjvj tk ej truj# nil mngjs# gikwhif toj ljdjpthki dkucl rjsuct hi skmj uinutokrhzjl ejijaht tk ohmsjca kr skmj ktojr pjrski/s()
Ujg Jgdftj Hisurding Rmrtdkhfhty die Dnnmuitdkhfhty Dnt *JHRDD( mo 488? hs cmrg spgnhohn& egohihi` tjg tgrc ajljrnc ojncto dnrj kaajisj ds ‖d vhmfdthmi mo& mr d nrhchidf nmisphrdny tm vhmfdtg– spgnhohn prmvhshmis mo tjg W)^) Nmeg& ‖ho tjg vhmfdthmi mr nmisphrdny rgfdtgs tm d jgdftj ndrg kgigoht prm`rdc– 4: W)^)N) § ;5*d()
Ujg stdtutg igxt egohigs d ojncto dnrj ejijaht prkfrnm ds ‖diy pukfhn mr prhvdtg pfdi mr nmitrdnt& doognthi` nmccgrng& uiegr wjhnj diy cgehndf kgigoht& htgc& mr sgrvhng hs prmvhege tm diy hiehvheudf& die hinfuegs diy hiehvheudf mr githty wjm hs prmvhehi` d cgehndf kgigoht& htgc& mr sgrvhng omr wjhnj pdycgit cdy kg cdeg uiegr tjg pfdi mr nmitrdnt– 4: W)^)N) § ;5*k()
Ohidffy& ojncto dnrj arnul hs egohige ds aimwhi`fy die whffouffy gxgnuthi` d snjgcg tm egordue d jgdftjndrg kgigoht prm`rdc mr mktdhihi`& ‖ky cgdis mo odfsg mr ordueufgit prgtgisgs& rgprgsgitdthmis& mr prmchsgs& diy mo tjg cmigy mr prmpgrty mwige ky … diy jgdftj ndrg kgigoht prm`rdc– 4:W)^)N) § 4>50)
JHRDD gstdkfhsjgs spgnhohn nrhchidf sdinthmis omr moogisgs d`dhist kmtj prhvdtg die pukfhn jgdftj hisurding prm`rdcs) Ujgsg moogisgs drg nmishstgit whtj mur gdrfhgr egohihthmis mo ordue hi tjdt tjgy hivmfvg odfsg stdtgcgits& chsrgprgsgitdthmis& mr egfhkgrdtg mchsshmis tjdt drg nrhthndf tm tjg egtgrchidthmi mo kgigohts pdydkfg die cdy mkstrunt ordue hivgsth`dthmis)
Jgdftjndrg ordue ehoogrs ormc jgdftjndrg dkusg) Neusj rgogrs tm<
- Hinhegits mr prdnthngs tjdt drg imt nmishstgit whtj tjg stdiedre mo ndrg *sukstdiedre ndrg(
- Wiigngssdry nmsts tm d prm`rdc& ndusge ghtjgr ehrgntfy mr hiehrgntfy
- Hcprmpgr pdycgit mr pdycgit omr sgrvhngs tjdt odhf tm cggt prmogsshmidf stdiedres
- Cgehndffy uiigngssdry sgrvhngs
- ^ukstdiedre qudfhty mo ndrg *g)`)& hi iurshi` jmcgs(
- Odhfurg tm cggt nmvgrd`g rgquhrgcgits
Jgdftjndrg ordue& hi nmcpdrhsmi& typhndffy tdags mig mr cmrg mo tjgsg omrcs<
- Odfsg stdtgcgits mr nfdhcs
- Gfdkmrdtg snjgcgs
- Nmvgr#up strdtg`hgs
- Chsrgprgsgitdthmis mo vdfug
- Chsrgprgsgitdthmis mo sgrvhng
Jgdftjndrg Ordue hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs
Jgdftjndrg ordue jds `rmwi die nmithiugs tm `rmw dt di dnngfgrdtge rdtg hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs) Urdehthmidf snjgcgs hinfueg odfsg nfdhc sukchsshmis& ndrg tjdt fdnas cgehndf igngsshty& nmitrmffge sukstding dkusg& upnmehi` *khffhi` omr cmrg gxpgishvg prmngeurgs(& gcpfmygg#pfdi ordue& std`ge#dnnhegit rhi`s& wdhvgr mo nm#pdycgits die egeunthkfgs& khffhi` gxpgrhcgitdf trgdtcgits ds imigxpgrhcgitdf migs& d`git#krmagr ordue rgfdthmisjhps& prgchuc ordue& kde#odhtj nfdhc pdycgit dnthvhthgs& qudnagry& mvgruthfhzdthmi *rgiegrhi` cmrg sgrvhngs tjdi drg igngssdry(& die ahnakdnas) Gvmfvge snjgcgs hinfueg nmcpfgx rgit#d#pdthgit dnthvhthgs& >52 K prm`rdc dkusg dnthvhthgs *sgtthi` dsheg ehsnmuitge eru`s& cdahi` tjgc uidvdhfdkfg tm tjmsg hi igge(& phff#chff snjgcgs *snjgcgs tm odfsgfy khff prgsnrhpthmis(& nmuitgroght eru` dnthvhthgs& die mr`dihzge nrhchidf snjgcgs)
Jgdftjndrg Ordue hi Hitgridthmidf Cdragts
Jgdftjndrg ordue aimws im kmuiedrhgs) Ujg W)^) Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe prm`rdcs drg gquhvdfgit tm cdiy `mvgricgit#spmismrge prm`rdcs hi mtjgr nmuitrhgs) [g`drefgss mo nmuitry& tjg gxhstging die rmfgs mo pfdygrs whtjhi tjg jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc drg tjg sdcg) Dff jgdftjndrg systgcs jdvg pdthgits& prmvhegrs& URDs *tjhre pdrty dechihstrdtmrs( tjdt prmngss rghckursgcgits tm tjhre pdrthgs& pfdi spmismrs *usudffy `mvgricgit prm`rdcs mr prhvdtg#pdy dnthvhthgs(& die suppmrt vgiemrs)
Gxdcpfgs mo hitgridthmidf jgdftjndrg ordue drg pfgithouf) Hi Ording& di gxgnuthvg ehrgntmr mo d psynjhdtrhn iurshi` jmcg tmma devditd`g mo pdthgits tm mktdhi tjghr prmpgrty); Hi ;225& d igwspdpgr hi ^mutj Dorhnd rgpmrtge tjdt ‖D cdi wjm pmsge ds d jmcgmpdtjhn emntmr wds tjhs wgga sgitginge tm >: ygdrs hi ldhf―tjg sthoogst tgrc gvgr hcpmsge ky d ^mutj Dorhndi nmurt mi d pgrsmi ndu`jt stgdfhi` ormc cgehndf dhes)– Di Dustrdfhdi psynjhdtrhst nfdhcge cmrg tjdi %4 chffhmi ky wrhthi` odag rgogrrdfs mo pdthgits tm jhcsgfo1 jg dfsm njdr`ge omr tjg thcg spgit jdvhi` hithcdtg rgfdthmis whtj pdthgits)
Hi Ldpdi& ds hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs& tjgrg drg gxdcpfgs mo jmsphtdfs hindrngrdthi` pdthgits& odfshoyhi` rgnmres& die hiofdthi` iuckgrs mo emntmrs die iursgs hi odnhfhthgs omr prmoht) D W)A) cgehndf rgsgdrnjgr chsfge jhs pggrs die tjg pukfhn ky ushi` jhs mwi urhig sdcpfg omr 4; rgsgdrnj suklgnts) ^whtzgrfdie& aimwi omr hts wdtnjgs& jde prmvhegrs sdinthmige omr khffhi` >2#jmur edys) Dff mo tjgsg gxdcpfgs hinfueg pdttgris mo kgjdvhmr nmishstgit whtj tjg egohihthmis mo jgdftjndrg ordue hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs)
Pjdt Emgs Jgdftjndrg Ordue Fmma Fhag=
Ht hs hcpmrtdit tm dpprgnhdtg tjdt jgdftjndrg hs d eyidchn die sg`cgitge cdragt dcmi` pdrthgs tjdt egfhvgr mr odnhfhtdtg tjg egfhvgry mo jgdftj hiomrcdthmi& jgdftjndrg rgsmurngs& die tjg ohidinhdf trdisdnthmis tjdt cmvg dfmi` dff nmcpmigits) Um ouffy dpprgnhdtg wjdt jgdftjndrg ordue fmmas fhag& ht hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie trdehthmidf die imitrdehthmidf pfdygrs) Ujg pdthgit hs tjg hiehvheudf wjm dntudffy rgnghvgs d jgdftjndrg sgrvhng mr prmeunt) Ujg prmvhegr hs di hiehvheudf mr githty tjdt egfhvgrs mr gxgnutgs tjg jgdftjndrg sgrvhng mr prmeunt) Ujg pdygr hs tjg githty tjdt prmngssgs tjg ohidinhdf trdisdnthmi) Ujg pdygr cdy kg tjg pdrty tjdt tdags mi rhsa mr cdid`gs rhsa omr d pfdi spmismr prmvhehi` tjg nmvgrge sgrvhngs) Ujg pfdi spmismr hs tjg pdrty tjdt ouies tjg trdisdnthmi) Rfdi spmismrs hinfueg prhvdtg sgfo#hisurding prm`rdcs& gcpfmygr#kdsge prgchuc prm`rdcs& die `mvgricgit prm`rdcs sunj ds Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe) D vgiemr hs diy githty tjdt prmvhegs d prmogsshmidf sgrvhng mr cdtgrhdfs usge hi tjg egfhvgry mo pdthgit ndrg)
Pjdt emgs jgdftjndrg ordue fmma fhag ormc tjg pdthgit‘s pgrspgnthvg= Ujg pdthgit cdy sukcht d odfsg nfdhc whtj im pdrthnhpdthmi ormc diy mtjgr pdrty) Ujg pdthgit cdy gxd``grdtg d wmragrs‘ nmcpgisdthmi nfdhc mr dffg`g tjdt di hilury tmma pfdng dt wmra wjgi hi odnt ht mnnurrge mutsheg mo wmra) Ujg pdthgit cdy pdrthnhpdtg hi nmffushvg ordueufgit kgjdvhmr whtj mtjgr pdrthgs) D sgnmie pdrty cdy kg d pjyshnhdi wjm odkrhndtgs d sgrvhng omr fhdkhfhty nmcpgisdthmi) Ujg pdthgit cdy kg hivmfvge hi di gstdkfhsjge nrhcg rhi` tjdt hivmfvgs gxtgishvg nmffushvg kgjdvhmr& sunj ds std`hi` di dutm dnnhegit) Ujg snjgcgs rgpgdt tjgcsgfvgs ds wgff ds gvmfvg hi tjghr nrgdthvhty)
^dcpfg Rdthgit Ordue Ndsg
Dt di hisurding nmcpdiy& dff pdycgits mo omrgh`i nfdhcs drg cdeg tm tjg hisurge pdthgit histgde mo tm omrgh`i cgehndf prmvhegrs) Di hisurge pdthgit sukchttge ohnththmus omrgh`i nfdhcs *%82&222( ormc d nfhihn hi ^mutj Dcgrhnd& hiehndthi` tjdt tjg githrg odchfy wds hi d ndr dnnhegit) D ohnththmus pmfhng rgpmrt dnnmcpdihge tjg cgehndf nfdhcs) D tgfgpjmig ndff tm tjg nfhihn rgvgdfge tjdt tjg hisurge die tjg egpgiegits wgrg igvgr trgdtge hi tjg nfhihn)
Pjdt emgs jgdftjndrg ordue fmma fhag ormc tjg prmvhegr‘s pgrspgnthvg= Ujg ordue snjgcgs ndi vdry ormc shcpfg odfsg nfdhcs tm nmcpfgx ohidinhdf drrdi`gcgits) Ujg trdehthmidf snjgcg mo sukchtthi` odfsg nfdhcs omr sgrvhngs imt rgiegrge nmithiugs tm kg d prmkfgc) Cdihpufdthmi mo rgquhrge ‖nmsts rgpmrts– omr tjg Cgehndrg prm`rdc hs d ehoogrgit typg mo kgjdvhmr) Mtjgr dnthvhthgs& sunj ds sukchtthi` eupfhndtg nfdhcs mr imt dnaimwfge`hi` eupfhndtg pdycgits& drg hssugs ds wgff)
^mcg snjgcgs egcmistrdtg `rgdt nmcpfgxhty die smpjhsthndthmi hi tjghr uiegrstdiehi` mo pdygr systgcs) Mig gxdcpfg hs tjg rgit#d#pdthgit snjgcg) Ujg nmcpfgxhty mo tjhs snjgcg rgquhrgs nmmpgrdthi` prmvhegrs& kmtj odnhfhty die prmogsshmidfs& nmmpgrdthi` gcpfmyggs die wmra pggrs& die hisheg gcpfmygr die pdygr hiomrcdthmi) Hi tjhs snjgcg tjg nrhchidfs pdy ‖rgnruhtgrs– tm mr`dihzg die rgnruht kgigohnhdrhgs *gcpfmyggs wjm drg hisurge( tm vhsht nfhihns mwige mr mpgrdtge ky tjg nrhchidfs) Omr d ogg& rgnruhtgrs ‖rgit&– mr ‖krmagr&– tjg kgigohnhdrhgs tm tjg nrhchidfs) [gnruhtgrs hi tjhs typg mo snjgcg motgi gifhst kgigohnhdrhgs dt fmw#hinmcg jmushi` prmlgnts& rgthrge gcpfmyggs& mr gcpfmycgit sgtthi`s mo fmw#hinmcg wd`g gdrigrs)
Egtgnthmi mo snjgcgs hivmfvhi` tjg nmmrehidthmi mo pdrthnhpdthmi mo cufthpfg imitrdehthmidf pdrthgs hs nmcpfhndtge wjgi wg chss nrhthndf rgfdthmisjhps whtj mig mr cmrg pdrty) Mvgrdff& egtgnthi` nmcpfhndtge chsrgprgsgitdthmis tjdt hivmfvg nmitrdntudf drrdi`gcgits whtj tjhre pdrthgs mr nmst rgpmrt cdihpufdthmis sukchttge tm `mvgricgit prm`rdcs rgquhrgs d ihnjg gxpgrthsg)
^dcpfg Rrmvhegr Gcpfmygg Ordue Ndsg
D wmcdi wjm wds doohfhdtge whtj d cgehndf odnhfhty jde dnngss tm nfdhc omrcs die cgehndf rgnmres) ^jg sukchttge emntmr nfdhcs omr jgdrt sur`gry& `dff kfdeegr sur`gry& ohi`gr dcputdthmis& d jystgrgntmcy& die cmrg―;0 sur`grhgs hi dff) Ujg hitgit wds tm ndsj hi mi tjg njgnas omr tjg sgrvhngs) Ujg jh`j vmfucg wds di hssug hi mo htsgfo) Ujg agy dimcdfy wds tjdt ho d pdthgit jds sur`gry& d nmrrgspmiehi` jmsphtdf khff sjmufe jdvg kggi sukchttge die ht wds imt)
Pjdt emgs jgdftjndrg ordue fmma fhag ormc tjg pdygr‘s pgrspgnthvg= Ujg pukfhsjge ordue snjgcgs hi tjhs `rmup tgie tm kg imtge cmstfy hi rgspmisg tm trdisdnthmis kgtwggi tjg pdygr die d `mvgricgit pfdi spmismr) Nhvhf fhth`dthmi tgies tm kg rgsmfvge hi tjg nmitgxt mo imiehsnfmsurg d`rggcgits& sm spgnhohn egtdhfs mo ohiehi`s die rgsmfuthmis drg motgi imt aimwi) Ujmsg tjdt drg pukfhndffy dvdhfdkfg tgie tm hinfueg chsrgprgsgitdthmis mo pgromrcding `udrditggs& imt diswgrhi` kgigohnhdry qugsthmis mi nfdhcs stdtus& kde#odhtj nfdhc trdisdnthmis& die ohidinhdf trdisdnthmis tjdt drg imt nmitrdntudffy kdsge) Mtjgr ordueufgit dnthvhthgs hinfueg dftgrhi` mr rgdssh`ihi` tjg ehd`imshs mr prmngeurg nmegs sukchttge ky tjg prmvhegr) Duehthi` pdygr dnthvhthgs rgquhrgs d ihnjg gxpgrthsg hi mpgrdthmidf ds wgff ds nmitrdntudf hssugs ormc d pfdi spmismr die prmvhegr pgrspgnthvg)
^dcpfg Rdygr Ordue Ndsg
D tjhre#pdrty dechihstrdtmr *URD( prmngsshi` nfdhcs mi kgjdfo mo Cgehndrg sh`ige d nmrpmrdtg hitg`rhty d`rggcgit *NHD( whtj tjg Egpdrtcgit mo Lusthng *NHDs drg ehsnussge fdtgr hi tjhs kmma( hi rgspmisg tm d iuckgr mo dffg`dthmis ky prmvhegrs tjdt tjg URD ehe tjg omffmwhi` gh`jt dnts<
=$ Odhfge tm prmngss nfdhcs dnnmrehi` tm nmvgrd`g egtgrchidthmis
;$ Odhfge tm prmngss mr pdy pjyshnhdis‘ mr mtjgr jgdftjndrg nfdhcs hi d thcgfy odsjhmi& mr dt dff
8$ Dppfhge hinmrrgnt pdycgits omr dpprmprhdtg nfdhcs sukchsshmis
1$ Hidnnurdtgfy rgpmrtge nfdhcs prmngsshi` edtd tm tjg stdtg& hinfuehi` d odhfurg tm cggt sgfo#rgpmrthi` rgquhrgcgits die hcpmsg sgfo#dssgsscgit pgidfthgs ds rgquhrge uiegr tjg cdid`ge ndrg nmitrdnt whtj tjg stdtg
0$ Odhfge tm prmvheg nmvgrd`g mo jmcg jgdftj sgrvhngs tm qudfhohge kgigohnhdrhgs
:$ Dutmcdthndffy njdi`ge nurrgit prmngeurdf tgrchimfm`y *NRU( nmegs *usge tm gxpfdhi tjg prmngeurg prmvhege(
>$ Ehe imt rgnm`ihzg cmehohgrs *cmehohgrs drg deehthmidf nmegs tjdt prmvhegrs sukcht tm gxpfdhi tjg sgrvhng prmvhege(
9$ Ehe imt rgfhdkfy rgspmie tm dppgdfs ormc pdthgits& smcgthcgs imt rgspmiehi` dt dff mr wdhthi` mvgr ? tm 4; cmitjs tm em sm
Pjdt emgs jgdftjndrg ordue fmma fhag ormc tjg gcpfmygr‘s pgrspgnthvg= ^njgcgs hinfueg uiegrrgpmrthi` tjg iuckgr mo gcpfmyggs& gcpfmygg nfdsshohndthmis& die pdyrmff hiomrcdthmi1 odhfhi` tm pdy hisurding prgchucs& wjhnj rgsufts hi im nmvgrd`g1 nrgdthi` hiordstrunturgs tjdt cdag gcpfmyggs pdy omr nmvgrd`g vhd pdyrmff egeunthmis1 gi`d`hi` hi cdid`gcgit dnthvhthgs tjdt ehsnmurd`g gcpfmyggs ormc sggahi` cgehndf trgdtcgit1 die rgogrrhi` gcpfmyggs tm d cgehndf odnhfhty die hi turi rgnghvhi` nmcpgisdthmi omr tjg rgogrrdfs)
^dcpfg Gcpfmygr Ordue Ndsg
Di gcpfmygr wjm nmffuegs whtj dppfhndits tm rgnghvg kgigohts hffg`dffy mr wjm nmcchts ordue tm dvmhe tdxgs whff kg pgidfhzge dt fgdst %722& die cdy dfsm kg prmsgnutge) Nmffushmi hs aimwhi`fy jgfphi` dppfhndits mktdhi kgigohts tm wjhnj tjgy drg imt githtfge& omr gxdcpfg& ndsj wd`gs mr mtjgr jheegi nmcpgisdthmi omr sgrvhngs pgromrcge) Hi mtjgr wmres& tjg gcpfmygr chsrgprgsgits tjg gfh`hkhfhty mo tjg dppfhndit sm tjdt jg mr sjg ndi rgnghvg kgigohts tjdt jg mr sjg hs imt qudfhohge omr)
Pjdt emgs jgdftjndrg ordue fmma fhag ormc d vgiemr‘s pgrspgnthvg= Ujhs ndtg`mry jds iucgrmus gxdcpfgs tjdt hivmfvg d rdi`g mo pdrthnhpdits& ormc prmogsshmidf jgdftjndrg suknmitrdntmrs tm suppfhgrs mo gquhpcgit& prmeunts& sgrvhngs& die pjdrcdnguthndfs) Ujgsg snjgcgs hinfueg odfsg nfdhcs& nfdhcs omr dftgrge prmeunts& nmuitgroght cgehndthmis& die uifhngisge prmogsshmidfs) Ujgy hinfueg nmffushvg kgjdvhmr dcmi` sgvgrdf giththgs ds wgff ds kgtwggi hiehvheudf prmogsshmidfs)
Ujrgg ^dcpfg _giemr Ordue Ndsgs
D tjhre pdrty cgehndf khffhi` nmcpdiy& Gcgr`giny Rjyshnhdi Khffhi` ^grvhngs& Hin) *GRK^(& prmvhege nmehi`& khffhi`& die nmffgnthmis sgrvhngs omr gcgr`giny pjyshnhdi `rmups hi mvgr 422 gcgr`giny egpdrtcgits hi ds cdiy ds >> stdtgs) Kdsge mi dffg`dthmis prgsgitge ky d quh tnm rjcntkr *wjhstfgkfmwgr rgpmrthi` d ordue(& tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs njdr`ge tjdt GRK^ die hts prhinhpdf mwigr& Er) L) E) CnAgdi& rmuthigfy khffge ogegrdf die stdtg jgdftjndrg prm`rdcs omr jh`jgr fgvgfs mo trgdtcgit tjdi wgrg prmvhege mr suppmrtge ky cgehndf rgnmre emnucgitdthmi) GRK^ wds pdhe kdsge mi d pgrngitd`g mo rgvgiugs ghtjgr khffge mr rgnmvgrge& egpgiehi` mi tjg nfhgit)
Hi d sgnmie ndsg& d suppfy vgiemr egfhvgrge deuft ehdpgrs& wjhnj drg imt nmvgrge ky Cgehndrg& die hcprmpgrfy khffge tjgc ds gxpgishvg prmstjgthn egvhngs ndffge ‖ogcdfg gxtgridf urhidry nmffgnthmi egvhngs)–
Hi d tjhre gxdcpfg mo d vgiemr ordue ndsg& di dckufding nmcpdiy khffge dckufding rhegs omr trhps tm tjg cdff)
Mvgrdff& jgdftjndrg ordue snjgcgs tdr`gt mig mo tjg omffmwhi`<
- Rursuht mo cmigy
- Dvmheding mo fhdkhfhty
- Cdfhnhmus jdrc
- Gcmthmidf erhvgrs< [gvgi`g& kmrgemc& g`mthsthndf njdffgi`g& sgfo#hcpmsge lusthng
- Nmcpgththvg devditd`g
- [gsgdrnj die prmeunt cdragt devditd`g
- Deehnthmi
- Ujgot mo pgrsmidf goognts
- Ujgot mo hiehvheudf die-mr nmrpmrdtg hegithty
Pjm Nmcchts Jgdftjndrg Ordue=
Em imt fhcht ymur hcd`hidthmi mr egvgfmp tuiigf vhshmi wjgi ht nmcgs tm jgdftjndrg ordue) Ordue hs nmcchttge diywjgrg die ky diymig) Ujg fhst hinfuegs<
- Rrmvhegrs
- Hisurge pdthgits
- Hiehvheudfs& kmtj emcgsthn die omrgh`i
- Dpprmvgrs *gcpfmyggs( wjm pdy nfdhcs tm tjgcsgfvgs mr orhgies
- [hi`s& mr d `rmup mo nrhchidfs wjm nmccht jgdftjndrg ordue
- Imiprmvhegrs& mr imicgehndf& imirgfdtge jgdftjndrg pfdygrs wjm nrgdtg ordue snjgcgs
- Rdygrs& d`gits& die pgrsmiigf
- _giemrs die suppfhgrs prmvhehi` sgrvhngs whtjhi tjg jgdftjndrg hieustry
Ujgy drg omuie ds gcpfmygrs prmvhehi` kgigoht nmvgrd`g1 pgrsmiigf gcpfmyge ky prmvhegrs& pdygrs& gcpfmygrs& mr vdrhmus vgiemrs1 die omrcdf mr`dihzge nrhcg giththgs) Ujg agy gfgcgit ds tm wjm tjgy drg hs dfwdys egohige ky tjg egorduegr‘s ndthki# imt ky jhs mr jgr thtfg mr rmfg) Cmst nurrgit pukfhndthmis egdfhi` whtj jgdftjndrg ordue omnus jgdvhfy mi prmvhegr ordue) Fhchthi` tjg omnus mi d pdrthnufdr pfdygr hi tjg cdragt cgrgfy nrgdtgs mppmrtuihthgs omr mtjgr pfdygrs tm nmingitrdtg tjghr goomrts mi drgds imt rgnghvhi` tjg sdcg dttgithmi& tjus pmtgithdffy kfggehi` tjg systgc ery)
Fmmahi` dt tjg pgmpfg kgjhie tjg sngigs mo cdlmr ordueufgit kgjdvhmrs rgquhrgs d `fhcpsg hitm tjg curay wmrfe mo pgrsmidfhty ehsmregrs) Wiegrstdiehi` pgrsmidfhty ehsmregrs cdy prmvheg d kgttgr uiegrstdiehi` mo tjmsg cmst dpt tm omffmw tjg gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge pdtj) Ujg Idthmidf Histhtutgs mo Jgdftj *IHJ( pukfhsjge stdthsthns mi pgrsmidfhty ehsmregrs)Gxjhkht 4)4 rgofgnts agy ehsmregrs die tjghr pgrvdshvg dttrhkutg)>
@xifkft =$= IHJ W)^) [gpmrt mi Rgrsmidfhty Ehsmregrs
Ds ymu ndi sgg& hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs& wg gdshfy jdvg 04 chffhmi pgmpfg mut die dkmut whtj d vdrhgty mo ‖hssugs)– Ujg nmckhidthmi mo diy mo tjgsg ehsmregrs ndi fgde tm cdiy eysouinthmidf mutkursts mr hitgrdnthmis dt jmcg& dt wmra& die whtjhi tjg nmccuihty) Ujg omuiedthmi mo diy ehsmregr ndi kg tjg prgnursmr tm di hiehvheudf cdahi` njmhngs tjdt nrmss tjg fhig) Xmu whff ohie pgrpgtrdtmrs wjm nrmss tjg fhig wjm drg uiegr dnutg ehstrgss die dfsm tjmsg wjm drg hiehoogrgit tmwdres tjg rdchohndthmis mo tjghr dnthmis) Umtdf hiehoogrging rgquhrgs smcg kdna`rmuie hi uiegrstdiehi`& spgnhohndffy& dithsmnhdf pgrsmidfhty ehsmregr *DRE()
D agy gfgcgit mo jgdftjndrg ordue *mr mo diy typg mo ordue& rg`drefgss mo hieustry( hs tjdt tjg cmst g`rg`hmus hiehvheudfs tgie tm jdvg im nmisnhging) Omr gxdcpfg& nmishegr tjmsg wjm suoogr ormc DRE) Ujhs ehsmregr doognts dkmut >)? pgrngit mo tjg pmpufdthmi) Ujdt iuckgr rgprgsgits dkmut 44&445&:>8 hiehvheudfs hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs) Pmrfewheg& >)? pgrngit rgprgsgits dkmut ;70&77>&247 hiehvheudfs) Hi gssging& tjgi& tjgrg drg pmtgithdffy ;70 chffhmi pgmpfg whtj tjg pgrognt psynjmfm`hndf prmohfg tm nmccht ordue)
DRE sjmufe kg nmishegrge wjgi di hiehvheudf pmssgssgs dt fgdst tjrgg mo tjg omffmwhi` sgvgi njdrdntgrhsthns<
=$ Odhfurg tm nmiomrc tm smnhdf imrcs
;$ Egnghtoufigss& cdihpufdthvgigss
8$ Hcpufshvhty& odhfurg tm pfdi djgde
1$ Hrrhtdkhfhty& d``rgsshvgigss
0$ [gnafgss ehsrg`dre omr tjg sdogty mo sgfo mr mtjgrs
:$ Nmishstgit hrrgspmishkhfhty
>$ Fdna mo rgcmrsg dotgr jdvhi` jurt& chstrgdtge& mr stmfgi ormc dimtjgr pgrsmi
Jmw em ymu fmma omr nfugs mo DRE= Ohrst& imtg gxdcpfgs mo mutrd`gmus fm`hn―omr gxdcpfg& tjhs stdtgcgit ormc Df Ndpmig<
–H nm fkhif tk Tt) Pjtjrseurf# Ackrhln# tkmkrrkw7 cjt toj wkrtoy dhthzjis ka Dohdnfk fjt tojhr chqukr toj ejst tojy dni) H nm shdg ka toj bke“ht‘s n tonigcjss kij nil aucc ka frhja) H onvj ejji spjilhif toj ejst yjnrs ka my chaj ns n puechd ejijandtkr)”
Dimtjgr nfgdr sh`i hs ehrgnt egihdf mo di gvgit1 sdyhi` ‖H igvgr ehe tjdt&– rg`drefgss mo diy hinmitrmvgrthkfg gvheging) Hi deehthmi& fmma omr stdtgcgits tjdt drg hinmishstgit whtj aimwi gvgits) Omffmw tjhs ky imthi` gxdcpfgs mo hinmishstgit gcmthmidf rgspmisgs uiegr shchfdr nhrnucstdings whtjhi tjg suklgnt‘s fhog& fdna mo diy gcmthmidf rgspmisgs dt dff& mr hinmishstgit gcmthmidf rgspmisgs hi nmcpdrhsmi tm smnhdf imrcs) Ohidffy& dimtjgr jdffcdra sh`i hs d sgrhgs mo odhfurgs eug tm fdna mo pfdiihi` die nmishstgit hrrgspmishkhfhty hi vdrhmus wdfas mo fhog)
Pjdt Hs Jgdftjndrg Ordue Gxdchidthmi=
Duehthi` die hivgsth`dthi` jgdftjndrg ordue hs dkmut sgghi` kgymie tjg gnfhpsg nrgdtge ky egorduegrs die egnhpjgrhi` wok# wont# wojrj# woji# woy# die okw) Ht hs dkmut nrgdthi` di drnjdgmfm`hndf rmde cdp hitm tjg ehsnmvgry mo hinmitrmvgrthkfg trutj) Dueht die hivgsth`dthvg tgnjihqugs gxndvdtg hiomrcdthmi tjdt dppgdrs tm jdvg kggi gxthi`uhsjge)
Um jxnmhij cgdis ‖tm mksgrvg ndrgouffy mr nrhthndffy1 hispgnt– mr ‖tm stuey mr didfyzg– di hssug /Nmjrhdni Ojrhtnfj Lhdthkinry# 5tj ge)() Ordue gxdchidthmi& tjgi& hs tjg tjmrmu`j hispgnthmi& stuey& mr didfyshs mo di hssug rgfdthi` tm ordue) Ujg Dssmnhdthmi mo Ngrthohge Ordue Gxdchigrs *DNOG( hs di mr`dihzdthmi egehndtge tm tjg stuey mo ordue dnrmss dff hieustry sgntmrs) Ht hs d `fmkdf prmogsshmidf dssmnhdthmi prmvhehi` dithordue hiomrcdthmi die geundthmi tm jgfp cgckgrs oh`jt ordue goognthvgfy) Ds mo tjhs wrhthi`& tjg DNOG jds 52&222 cgckgrs hi 4;7 nmuitrhgs1 hts 42> fmndf njdptgrs prmvheg geundthmi& mutrgdnj& die igtwmrahi` mppmrtuihthgs) Hi hts nmursgwmra& tjg DNOG prmvhegs tjg oh`urg egsnrhkhi` ordue gxdchidthmi sjmwi hi Gxjhkht 4);)
@xifkft =$; DNOG Ordue Gxdchidthmi
Tkurdj2 Dssmnhdthmi mo Ngrthohge Ordue Gxdchigrs *www)dnog)nmc()
Mig nmccmi typg mo ordue gxdchidthmi hs omrgishn didfyshs& wjhnj rgnmistrunts d pdst gvgit ushi` tjg jgdftj edtd trdisdnthmis cdeg ky smcg mr dff mo tjg pdrthgs sjmwi hi Gxjhkht 4)>1 tjdt rgnmistrunthmi hs motgi usge hi smcg luehnhdf prmnggehi` *g)`)& nrhchidf nmurt& nhvhf nmurt& egpmshthmi& cgehdthmi& drkhtrdthmi& sgttfgcgit ig`mthdthmi& pfgd kdr`dhihi`( *www)dnog)nmc()
@xifkft =$8 Jgdftjndrg Omrgishn Didfyshs
Tkurdj2 Cgehndf Kushigss Dssmnhdtgs& Hin) *CKD( *www)ckddueht)nmc()
Ujg kfgie mo kmtj oh`urgs hffustrdtgs tjg nynfhndf die motgi nmitgcpmrdigmus idturg mo omrgishn jgdftjndrg didfyshs) Hi Gxjhkht 4)5& imtg tjdt ohvg cdlmr pfdygrs usg rgnm`ihzge mpgrdthmidf strunturgs& mr kushigss ouinthmis)
@xifkft =$1 CKD die DNOG Omrgishn Cmegf
Tkurdj2 Dssmnhdthmi mo Ngrthohge Ordue Gxdchigrs *www)dnog)nmc( die Cgehndf Kushigss Dssmnhdtgs& Hin) *www)ckddueht)nmc()
Ujgsg strunturgs hinfueg tjg pdthgit& tjg prmvhegr& tjg pdygr& tjg gcpfmygr& die tjg vgiemr) Jgdftjndrg ds di hieustry hs uihqug hi tjdt diy mig gphsmeg mo ndrg& dt smcg `hvgi thcg& whff jht tjrgg mr cmrg mpgrdthmidf systgcs) Ujhs uiegrstdiehi` hs nrhthndf ormc d omrgishn pgrspgnthvg& kgndusg ymur dkhfhty tm nmieunt d omrgishn didfyshs mo mig githty motgi rgquhrgs di uiegrstdiehi` mo dt fgdst mig mtjgr githty hi tjhs nmithiuuc) Eug tm tjg hinrgdshi` dcmuit mo ordue ky mutsheg pdrthgs& mr`dihzge nrhcg hs `hvgi hts mwi egsh`idthmi whtjhi tjhs nmithiuuc)
Ujg Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc< Di Mvgrvhgw
Ujg prhcdry jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc *R#JNN( hs sjmwi hi Gxjhkht 4)7 ds d ehd`rdc rgprgsgithi` giththgs tjdt ndi die whff cmst fhagfy hcpdnt di gphsmeg mo ndrg) Ujg njdptgrs tjdt omffmw krgda emwi tjg nmcpmigits mo tjhs ehd`rdc& moogr igw nmithiuuc cmegfs& die hitrmeung igw tgrcs) Ujg R#JNN hinfuegs jgdftj hiomrcdthmi phpgfhigs *JHRs( omr gdnj cdragt pfdygr) Hi deehthmi& tjhs kmma whff `uheg ymu tjrmu`j tjg cmigtdry trdisdnthmis rgogrrge tm ds nddkuits rjdjhvnecj phpjchijs *D[Rs(& wjhnj drg cmigtdry trdisdnthmis ds wgff ds dueht trdhfs mo prmtgntge jgdftj hiomrcdthmi *RJH() Hi tjg R#JNN cmegf& cmigy hs vhgwge ds gquhvdfgit tm RJH) Imtg hi Gxjhkht 4)7 tjdt gdnj githty jds RJH `gigrdtge mr prmngssge) Dt gdnj trdisogr pmhit& cmigy hs `gigrdtge mr prmngssge dt tjg sdcg thcg) Gxjhkht 4)7 sjmws mr`dihzge nrhcg ds d ehsnmiigntge hffg`hthcdtg tjhre pdrty) Ht hs `hvgi hts mwi egsh`idthmi ds di githty kgndusg mo tjg `rmwhi` iuckgr mo nmcpfgx mr`dihzge nrhcg snjgcgs hitg`rdtge hitm tjg imrcdf ofmw mo kushigss)
@xifkft =$0 Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc *R#JNN(
Tkurdj2 Cgehndf Kushigss Dssmnhdtgs& Hin) *www)ckddueht)nmc()
Jgdftjndrg Ordue Mvgrvhgw< Hcpfhndthmis omr Rrgvgithmi& Egtgnthmi& die Hivgsth`dthmi
Lmk sgnurhty omr ordue duehtmrs die hivgsth`dtmrs rgcdhis strmi`< Ujg jgdftjndrg hieustry nmithiugs tm jdvg fdr`g dcmuits mo ndsj ruiihi` tjrmu`j ht) Ht nmithiugs tm dttrdnt tjg gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge& wjmsg stgdfhi` ormc tjg systgc sjmws im sh`i mo stmpphi`) Hcpfhndthmis drg cdiy& pdrthnufdrfy hi tjg drgds mo prgvgithmi& egtgnthmi& die hivgsth`dthmi) Ujgsg tjrgg drgds rgquhrg d egtdhfge uiegrstdiehi` mo gvgry fg`hthcdtg die hffg`hthcdtg pfdygr hi tjg R#JNN& di dkhfhty tm hegithoy JHRs die D[Rs& die di uiegrstdiehi` mo jmw RJH hs uthfhzge dcmi` dff mo tjg pfdygrs)
Ht hs hcpmrtdit imt mify tm uiegrstdie jmw tjg R#JNN wmras& kut dfsm tm omffmw jgdftjndrg cdragt trgies die jmw tjgy hcpdnt ordue prgvgithmi& egtgnthmi& die hivgsth`dthmi) Ordue usudffy kg`his whtj d thp) Ujdt thp fgdes tm di hivgsth`dthmi) D nmcprgjgishvg hivgsth`dthmi rgquhrgs ymu tm uiegrstdie tjg eyidchns mo tjg jgdftjndrg kushigss) Jgdftjndrg ordue hs motgi kurhge whtjhi tjg nrhthndf kushigss ouinthmis) Ujg purpmsg mo tjg JHR die D[R prmngss hs tm hegithoy tjg ouinthmis tjdt sjmufe kg hivgsth`dtge) Egtgnthmi whff omffmw ming di uiegrstdiehi` jds kggi dnjhgvge) Hivgsth`dthmis die egtgnthmis whff hegithoy vufigrdkhfhthgs tjdt hi turi sjmufe kg usge ds prgvgithmi tmmfs) Rrgvgithmi rgquhrgs di uiegrstdiehi` mo jmw tjg jgdftjndrg githty ouinthmis die tjg nynfg rgpgdts htsgfo)
Phtj dff dspgnts mo duehthi` die hivgsth`dthmis& aggp nurrgit mi dnthvhthgs tjdt drg hihthdtge ky tjg Egpdrtcgit mo Jgdftj die Jucdi ^grvhngs *JJ^( die hts Moohng mo tjg Idthmidf Nmmrehidtmr omr Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Ugnjimfm`y *MIN() Omr gxdcpfg& hi ;22?& hihthdthvgs wgrg cdeg mi tjg egvgfmpcgit die idthmiwheg hcpfgcgitdthmi mo di hitgrmpgrdkfg jgdftj hiomrcdthmi tgnjimfm`y hiordstrunturg tm hcprmvg tjg qudfhty die goohnhginy mo jgdftjndrg1 mig mklgnthvg hs tm gvgitudffy nmivgrt dff nurrgit jgdftj rgnmres tm gfgntrmihn vgrshmis)
Mi Mntmkgr 40& ;227& tjg MIN pukfhsjge twm rgpmrts< ‖[gpmrt mi tjg Wsg mo Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Ugnjimfm`y tm Gijding die Gxpdie Jgdftj Ndrg Dith#ordue Dnthvhthgs– *www)jjs)`mv-jgdftjht-emnucgits-[gpmrtMiUjg Wsg)peo( die ‖Dutmcdtge Nmehi` ^motwdrg< Egvgfmpcgit die Wsg tm Gijding Dith#ordue Dnthvhthgs– *www)jjs)`mv-jgdftjht-emnucgits-Dutm cdthnNmehi`[gpmrt)peo()
Mig mo tjg cdlmr ohiehi`s tjdt gcgr`ge ormc tjg ohgfe rgsgdrnj emig omr ‖[gpmrt mi tjg Wsg mo Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Ugnjimfm`y– wds tjdt ordue hi tjg jgdftjndrg nmitgxt hs egohige hi cdiy ehoogrgit wdys ky d iuckgr mo fg`df dutjmrhthgs& kut dff egohihthmis jdvg nmccmi gfgcgits< d odfsg rgprgsgitdthmi mo odnt mr d odhfurg tm ehsnfmsg d odnt tjdt hs cdtgrhdf tm d jgdftjndrg trdisdnthmi& dfmi` whtj smcg edcd`g tm dimtjgr pdrty wjm rgdsmidkfy rgfhgs mi tjg chsrgprgsgitdthmi mr odhfurg tm ehsnfmsg) Ujg rgpmrt hegithohgs jgdftjndrg ordue ds d sgrhmus die `rmwhi` idthmiwheg nrhcg tjdt hs ehrgntfy fhiage tm tjg idthmi‘s gvgr#hinrgdshi` diiudf jgdftjndrg mutfdy)
Ujg rgpmrt nmithiugs whtj tjg rgogrging tjdt hi tjg ndfgiedr ygdr ;22>& jgdftjndrg gxpgiehturgs dcmuitge tm %4)0 trhffhmi *Ngitgrs omr Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe ^grvhngs& otp<--otp)hjs)`mv-puks-GJ[-JHC!KM-GJ[';2Ordue';2Drthnfg';242#;22?)peo()
Hi tjdt sdcg ygdr& gsthcdtge fmssgs eug tm ordue wgrg > tm 42 pgrngit mo tjg tmtdf dcmuit mo jgdftjndrg gxpgiehturgs& mr %74 tm %402 khffhmi) Dimtjgr ohiehi` nmcpdrge tjg jgdftjndrg hieustry tm tjg ohidinhdf sgrvhngs hieustry) Ujg rgpmrt imtge tjdt tjg jgdftjndrg hieustry hs hi d strhahi`fy shchfdr pmshthmi tm tjdt mo tjg ohidinhdf sgrvhngs hieustry 47 ygdrs d`m) Dt tjdt thcg& tjg kdiahi` hieustry kg`di hts trdisomrcdthmi ormc d pdpgr systgc tm d smpjhsthndtge gfgntrmihn givhrmicgit) Phtj d wgff#tjmu`jt#mut vhshmi die strdtg`y& tjg kdiahi` hieustry deergssge tjg higoohnhginhgs mo pdpgr systgcs die hivgstge jgdvhfy hi tjg hiomrcdthmi tgnjimfm`y hiordstrunturg) Nrgeht ndre ordue& gsthcdtge tmedy tm kg fgss tjdi 0 ngits mut mo gvgry 422 emffdrs& hs whegfy pgrnghvge ds d cdlmr prmkfgc) Jmwgvgr& jgdftjndrg ordue hs 422 thcgs cmrg nmstfy)
Ujg rgpmrt omnusgs dfsm mi tjg rmfg mo tgnjimfm`y) Hts dutjmrs kgfhgvg tjdt tgnjimfm`y ndi pfdy d nrhthndf rmfg hi egtgnthi` ordue die dkusg die ndi jgfp tm pdvg tjg wdy tmwdre prgvgithmi) Dftjmu`j tgnjimfm`y ndiimt gfhchidtg tjg ordue prmkfgc& ht ndi sh`ihohnditfy chihchzg ordue die dkusg die ufthcdtgfy rgeung jgdftjndrg ordue fmssgs) Ujg usg mo devdinge didfythns smotwdrg kuhft hitm tjg idthmidf jgdftj hiomrcdthmi igtwmra *IJHI( hs nrhthndf tm ordue fmss rgeunthmi)
Hiomrcdthmi dvdhfdkfg vhd tjg IJHI cust nmcpfy whtj dff ogegrdf die stdtg fdws) Ujg ogegrdf `mvgricgit nmithiugs tm gxpdie hts hihthdthvgs tm uinmvgr jgdftjndrg ordue& wdstg& die dkusg) Ht hs hcpmrtdit tjdt jgdftjndrg mr`dihzdthmis jdvg di goognthvg nmcpfhding prm`rdc hi pfdng) Ht hs pdrthnufdrfy hcpmrtdit tm egvgfmp d nmrpmrdtg nufturg tjdt omstgrs gtjhndf kgjdvhmr) Cdiy jgdftjndrg mr`dihzdthmis drg egvgfmphi` sunj nmrpmrdtg nufturgs tjrmu`j tjg dempthmi mo nmrpmrdtg nmcpfhding prm`rdcs)
Ujg MIN ehe rgfgdsg tjg sgnmie pmrthmi mo tjhs rgpmrt hi ;220) Ujg agy jh`jfh`jts drg imtge ds<
\oj prhmnry purpksj ka tohs prkbjdt hs tk hljithay jcjdtrkihd ojncto rjdkrl /JOU( rjquhrjmjits tont dni ojcp jionidj lntn prktjdthkis# sudo ns hidrjnsjl lntn vnchlhty# nddurndy# nil hitjfrhty hidculhif npprkprhntj arnul mninfjmjit tont wkucl prjvjit arnul arkm kddurrhif# ns wjcc ns ljtjdt arnul ekto prkspjdthvjcy nil rjtrkspjdthvjcy) N gjy dkmpkijit ka drjnthif tojsj rjdkmmjiljl rjquhrjmjits hs tk kvjrcnp wojijvjr pksshecj whto toksj rjquhrjmjits durrjitcy hi usj akr JOU djrthahdnthki) Akr jxnmpcj# nutojithdnthki hs rjquhrjl akr prhvndy nil dkiahljithnchty# eut ht hs bust ns usjauc akr prjvjithif nil ljtjdthif arnul) Ncc ka toj rjquhrjmjits hljithahjl hi tohs rjpkrt wjrj arnmjl ns rjdkmmjilnthkis tk toj hilustry)<
Gxpgnt nmithiuge omffmw#up ormc tjhs moohng mi GJ[ omrcdts tjdt whff hcpdnt outurg duehts die hivgsth`dthmis mvgr tjg igxt tgi ygdrs)
Imtgs
=$ www)ncs)`mv-IdthmidfJgdftjGxpgieEdtd-emwifmdes-jh`jfh`jts)peo
;$ Nhtzgis Nmcchsshmi mi Jucdi [h`jts& ‖Rsynjhdtry Nmcchtthi` Ordue „ Kgtrdyhi` ^mnhgty–
8$ W)^) Egpdrtcgit mo Jgdftj die Jucdi ^grvhngs& ‖Fdiecdra ^urvgy [gpmrts mi tjg Rrgvdfging mo Rgrsmidfhty Ehsmregrs hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs&– www)ihj)`mv-igws-pr-du`;225-ihddd#2;)jtc
1$ Moohng mo Ujg Idthmidf Nmmrehidtmr omr Jgdftj Hiomrcdthmi Ugnjimfm`y‘s Dith#Ordue Dnthvhthgs jttp<--jgdftjht)jjs)`mv-pmrtdf-sgrvgr)pt-nmccuihty-jgdftjht]jjs]`mv]]dithordue-4>>:
Njdptgr ;
Egohihi` Cdragt Rfdygrs whtjhi tjg Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc
Thidj thmj hs n dkithiuum# toj mkmjit hs ncwnys lhaajrjit# sk toj mushd hs ncwnys lhaajrjit)
„Jgrkhg Jdinmna
Um uiegrstdie& egtgnt& die tjgi prgvgit jgdftjndrg ordue& ht hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie tjg nmingpt mo tjg prhcdry jgdftjndrg nmithiuuc *R#JNN(& wjhnj wds hitrmeunge hi Njdptgr 4) Dftjmu`j tjg pfdygrs hi tjg R#JNN em imt njdi`g sh`ihohnditfy& tjg cmvgcgit whtjhi die dcmi` gdnj pfdygr hs dfwdys sfh`jtfy ehoogrgit& nrgdthi` tjg sdcg goognt ds tjdt egsnrhkge ky cushnhdi Jgrkhg Jdinmna) Gdnj ordue snjgcg `gigrdtge ky tjg gtjhndffy njdffgi`ge hs ehoogrgit& tmm) Ujg hiehvheudf& prmogsshmidf& mr githty hivmfvge rgdnts tm tjg ‖cushn&– mr jgdftjndrg gvgit& hi pdrt ushi` wjdtgvgr uihqug gxpgrhgings& uiegrstdiehi`s& gcmthmidf stdtgs& die fgvgfs mo smpjhsthndthmi drg pmssgssge dt tjg thcg tjg gvgit hs gxpgrhginge)
Ujg Rdthgit
Pjm Hs tjg Rdthgit=
D pdthgit hs diy pgrsmi wjm rgnghvgs cgehndf dttgithmi mr smcg typg mo nfhihndf ndrg mr trgdtcgit& usudffy ormc d pjyshnhdi mr mtjgr typg mo cgehndf prmogsshmidf) Ujhs typg mo ndrg hs motgi vhgwge ormc tjg hffigss cmegf pgrspgnthvg& wjhnj gcpjdshzgs tjg hffigss mr jgdftj nrhshs rdtjgr tjdi prgvgithmi) Phtj gvmfvhi` wgffigss cmegfs tjdt gcpjdshzg hffigss prgvgithmi die cdhitgiding mo `mme jgdftj& d cmrg dpprmprhdtg tgrc cdy kg jgdftj nmisucgr& jgdftjndrg nmisucgr& mr nfhgit)
Dnnmrehi` tm Mjrrhnm-Vjestjr‘s Dkccjfhntj Lhdthkinry# tjg wmre pnthjit hs egrhvge ormc tjg Fdthi wmre pnthjis# tjg prgsgit pdrthnhpfg mo tjg vgrk pnth# wjhnj cgdis ‖tm gieurg– mr ‖tm suoogr)– Pnthjit hs dfsm tjg delgnthvg omrc mo pnthjidj) Kmtj sgisgs mo tjg wmre sjdrg d nmccmi mrh`hi)
Urdehthmidffy& tjg tgrc pnthjit jds hcpfhge d pdrgit-njhfe typg mo rgfdthmisjhp kgtwggi pdthgit die jgdftjndrg prmvhegr& mig tjdt& hi d sgisg& pfdnge tjg pdthgit hi di hiogrhmr pmshthmi rgfdthvg tm tjdt mo tjg prmvhegr) Jmwgvgr& tjg rmfg mo tjg pdthgit hs njdi`hi`) Rrm`rdcs sunj ds nmisucgr#ehrgntge jgdftj pfdis rgdrrdi`g tjg trdehthmidf pdrgit-njhfe rgfdthmisjhp die pfdng tjg pdthgit& rgidcge tjg nmisucgr& hi tjg erhvgr‘s#sgdt rmfg hi ehrgnthi` jgdftjndrg igges) Ujg tgrc dkisumjr dfsm hcpfhgs d ohidinhdf rgfdthmisjhp ds tjg purnjdsgr mo d jgdftjndrg sgrvhng)
D pgrognt gxdcpfg hs ormc d pgrsmidf orhgie wjm dpprmdnjge cg rg`drehi` tjg njmhng mo di mkstgtrhnhdi) ‖Jmw em H sgfgnt d emntmr wjm hs rh`jt omr cg=– sjg dsage) H `dvg jgr tjg idcgs mo tjrgg jh`jfy rgnmccgiege pjyshnhdis die su``gstge tjdt sjg snjgeufg tjrgg hitgrvhgw dppmhitcgits die tjgi sgfgnt d emntmr) Pjgi sjg gxprgssge surprhsg dt cy su``gsthmi& H dsage jgr& ‖Jmw cunj thcg em ymu spgie rgsgdrnjhi` tjg purnjdsg mo d ndr= Pjhnj egnhshmi hs cmrg hcpmrtdit& tjg purnjdsg mo d ndr mr tjg egfhvgry mo ymur njhfe=– Ujg wrmi` thcg tm fgdri dkmut d pjyshnhdi hs wjgi jg mr sjg hs ehrgnthi` ymu tm ‖pusj– mr sjdrgs eurhi` ymur pmstmpgrdthvg rgnmvgry tjdt ymu wgrg tjg ohrst pgrsmi jg mr sjg jds gvgr pgromrcge tjhs typg mo sur`gry mi) Xmu ehsnmvgr tjdt ymur emntmr hs lust ds gxnhtge ds ymu drg tjdt ymu drg dwdag& dfgrt& die mi tjg rmde tm rgnmvgry$
Phtj tjg rhsg mo tjg gfgntrmihn wmrfe nmcgs tjg drrhvdf mo tjg g#pdthgit) Ujg g#pdthgit hs tjg gvmfvhi` pdthgit nmisucgr wjm usgs tjg Hitgrigt tm mktdhi d vdrhgty mo jgdftj hiomrcdthmi) Hi deehthmi& tjhs g#pdthgit cdy usg d vdrhgty mo hitrdigt smfuthmis ho moogrge ky jhs mr jgr emntmr1 tjhs hs hinrgdshi`fy nmccmi dcmi` tmedy‘s jgdftjndrg prmvhegrs) Gfgntrmihn tmmfs nmithiug tm gvmfvg tm jgfp jgdftjndrg nmisucgrs cdid`g tjghr mwi die tjghr odchfhgs‘ jgdftj hiomrcdthmi& wjhfg dfsm nmmrehidthi` ndrg dcmi` g#ndrg`hvgrs& wjm prmvheg gfgntrmihn tmmfs omr ohiehi` rgsmurngs die suppmrt) *Omr mig gxdcpfg mo di g#ndrg`hvgr& `m tm tjg Pgk shtg mo tjg Pgst Ngitrdf Ofmrhed Drgd D`giny mi D`hi`& dt www)d`hi`ofmrhed)nmc)(
Hi 488:& tjg Rrgshegit‘s Devhsmry Nmcchsshmi mi Nmisucgr Rrmtgnthmi die Tudfhty hi tjg Jgdftj Ndrg Hieustry erdotge d Nmisucgr Khff mo [h`jts die [gspmishkhfhthgs& hi wjhnj ht imtge sgvgrdf cdhi prhinhpfgs omr prmtgnthi` jgdftjndrg nmisucgrs) *Ujg Nmcchsshmi‘s stdtgcgit hs dvdhfdkfg hi ouff dt www)jnqudfhtynmcchsshmi)`mv-nkmrr-gxsucc)jtcf)( Ohrst& mi tjg suklgnt mo hiomrcdthmi ehsnfmsurg& tjg Nmcchsshmi stdtge tjdt nmisucgrs jdvg d rh`jt tm rgnghvg hiomrcdthmi hi d thcgfy odsjhmi& ds wgff ds rgnghvg ht hi d omrc tjdt tjgy ndi gdshfy uiegrstdie) Ho hiomrcdthmi hs imt gdshfy uiegrstmme& tjgi dsshstding sjmufe kg prmvhege tm odnhfhtdtg tjdt uiegrstdiehi`) Hiomrcdthmi sjmufe hinfueg<
- Ojncto pcnis2
- Ojncto prkajsshkincs2
- Ojnctodnrj andhchthjs2
^gnmie& ‖nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt tm d njmhng mo jgdftjndrg prmvhegrs tjdt hs suoohnhgit tm gisurg dnngss tm dpprmprhdtg jh`j#qudfhty jgdftj ndrg)– Ujhs hinfuegs d pdrthnhpdthi` igtwmra mo prmvhegrs tjdt hs suoohnhgit tm cggt tjg egcdies mo tjg `rmup) Ujg igtwmra sjmufe jdvg dnngss tm qudfhohge spgnhdfhsts omr wmcgi‘s jgdftj sgrvhngs ds wgff ds dnngss tm spgnhdfhsts hi `gigrdf)
Ujhre& ‖nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt tm dnngss gcgr`giny jgdftj ndrg sgrvhngs wjgi die wjgrg tjg igge drhsgs)– Rfdis sjmufe imt egiy pdycgit omr sgrvhngs wjgi nmisucgrs sgga ndrg dt di gcgr`giny rmmc omr dnutg sycptmcs& hinfuehi` sgvgrg pdhi mr nmiehthmis omr wjhnj ‖d ‚pruegit fdypgrsmi‘ nmufe rgdsmidkfy gxpgnt tjg dksging mo cgehndf ndrg tm rgsuft hi pfdnhi` tjdt nmisucgr‘s jgdftj hi sgrhmus lgmpdrey& sgrhmus hcpdhrcgit tm kmehfy ouinthmis& mr sgrhmus eysouinthmi mo diy kmehfy mr`di mr pdrt)–
Omurtj& nmisucgrs jdvg d rh`jt tm kg hivmfvge hi tjg egnhshmi#cdahi` prmngss) Ht hs gxpgntge tjdt ‖nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt die rgspmishkhfhty tm ouffy pdrthnhpdtg hi dff egnhshmis rgfdtge tm tjghr jgdftj ndrg) Nmisucgrs wjm drg uidkfg tm ouffy pdrthnhpdtg hi trgdtcgit egnhshmis jdvg tjg rh`jt tm kg rgprgsgitge ky pdrgits& `udrehdis& odchfy cgckgrs& mr mtjgr nmisgrvdtmrs)–
Ohotj& ‖nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt tm nmishegrdtg& rgspgntouf ndrg ormc dff cgckgrs mo tjg jgdftj ndrg systgc dt dff thcgs die uiegr dff nhrnucstdings) Di givhrmicgit mo cutudf rgspgnt hs gssgithdf tm cdhitdhi d qudfhty jgdftjndrg systgc)–
Ujg shxtj rh`jt hivmfvgs nmiohegithdfhty) ‖Nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt tm nmccuihndtg whtj jgdftj ndrg prmvhegrs hi nmioheging die tm jdvg tjg nmiohegithdfhty mo tjghr hiehvheudffy hegithohdkfg jgdftj ndrg hiomrcdthmi prmtgntge)– Hi deehthmi& nmisucgrs jdvg tjg rh`jt ‖tm rgvhgw die nmpy tjghr mwi cgehndf rgnmres die rgqugst dcgiecgits tm tjghr rgnmres)– Ujg Jgdftj Hisurding Rmrtdkhfhty die Dnnmuitdkhfhty Dnt *JHRDD( prmvhshmis imtg tjdt prmvhegrs drg mkfh`dtge tm rgspmie tm tjgsg rgqugsts omr dcgiecgits)
Ujg sgvgitj rh`jt hivmfvgs nmcpfdhits die dppgdfs) Ds d nmisucgr mo d jgdftj pfdi& tjg hiehvheudf jds d rh`jt tm d prmngss hi wjhnj jg mr sjg ndi nmccuihndtg ehsd`rggcgits ds wgff ds rgnghvg d rgspmisg whtj d qudfhohge rgvhgw mo tjg nmcpfdhit) Ujg dppgdfs prmngss sjmufe hivmfvg nmcpgtgit stdoo ds wgff di hiegpgiegit prmngss) Omr gxdcpfg& imthohndthmis ky tjg jgdftj pfdi sjmufe kg thcgfy& whtj dpprmprhdtg imthohndthmi die kdshs omr diy egihdf egnhshmi) [gsmfuthmis die rgspmisgs tm dppgdfs sjmufe dfsm kg nmieuntge hi d thcgfy odsjhmi) Ujg nfdhc rgvhgw prmngss sjmufe kg nmieuntge ky prmogsshmidfs whtj tjg dpprmprhdtg nrgegithdfs wjm wgrg imt hivmfvge whtj tjg hihthdf egnhshmi) Ujg omffmw#up imthohndthmis sjmufe kg hi wrhthi` die hinfueg hiomrcdthmi mi tjg rgdsmi omr tjg egtgrchidthmi die histrunthmis mi uthfhzhi` di gxtgridf pdrty omr ourtjgr dppgdfs)
Ujg gxtgridf dppgdfs prmngss sjmufe jdvg sgvgrdf njdrdntgrhsthns) Ohrst& ht sjmufe kg dvdhfdkfg tm tjg nmisucgr dotgr dff hitgridf prmngssgs jdvg kggi gxjdustge) Ujg mify gxngpthmis drg whtj ur`git ndsgs mo dnutg ndrg igges) Ht sjmufe ‖dppfy tm diy egnhshmi ky d jgdftj pfdi tm egiy& rgeung& mr tgrchidtg nmvgrd`g& mr egiy pdycgit omr sgrvhngs kdsge mi d egtgrchidthmi tjdt tjg trgdtcgit hs ghtjgr gxpgrhcgitdf mr hivgsth`dthmidf hi idturg1 dppfy wjgi sunj d egnhshmi hs kdsge mi d egtgrchidthmi tjdt sunj sgrvhngs drg imt cgehndffy igngssdry die tjg dcmuit gxngges d sh`ihohndit tjrgsjmfe mr tjg pdthgit‘s fhog mr jgdftj hs lgmpdrehzge)– Ds whtj tjg hihthdf dppgdf prmngss& tjg prmogsshmidfs hivmfvge igge tm kg dpprmprhdtgfy nrgegithdfge whtj rgspgnt tm tjg suklgnt mo tjg trgdtcgit hi qugsthmi) Nmiofhnt mo hitgrgst sjmufe kg imtge& die im pdrt mo tjg dppgdfs prmngss sjmufe kg nmieuntge ky pdrthgs wjm wgrg hivmfvge whtj tjg hihthdf egnhshmi) Ujg egnhshmis sjmufe kg gvheginge kdsge mi mklgnthvg edtd) Diy gcgr`giny mr dnutg ndrg hssugs sjmufe uthfhzg tjg Cgehndrg ^tdiedre mo 0; jmurs omr d rgspmisg)
Dftjmu`j tjg purpmsg mo tjg Nmcchsshmi‘s Khff mo [h`jts hs tm prmtgnt tjg nmisucgr& ht dfsm ginmurd`gs tjg nmisucgr tm dnngpt ngrtdhi rgspmishkhfhthgs<
- Udag rgspmishkhfhty omr cdxhchzhi` jgdftjy jdkhts& sunj ds gxgrnhshi`& imt scmahi`& die gdthi` d jgdftjy ehgt)
- Kgnmcg hivmfvge hi spgnhohn jgdftjndrg egnhshmis)
- Pmra nmffdkmrdthvgfy whtj jgdftjndrg prmvhegrs hi egvgfmphi` die ndrryhi` mut d`rgge#upmi trgdtcgit pfdis)
- Ehsnfmsg rgfgvdit hiomrcdthmi die nfgdrfy nmccuihndtg wdits die igges)
- Wsg tjg jgdftj pfdi‘s hitgridf nmcpfdhit die dppgdf prmngssgs tm deergss nmingris tjdt cdy drhsg)
- Dvmhe aimwhi`fy sprgdehi` ehsgdsg)
- [gnm`ihzg tjg rgdfhty mo rhsas die fhchts mo tjg snhging mo cgehndf ndrg die tjg jucdi odffhkhfhty mo tjg jgdftjndrg prmogsshmidf)
- Kg dwdrg mo d jgdftjndrg prmvhegr‘s mkfh`dthmi tm kg rgdsmidkfy goohnhgit die gquhtdkfg hi prmvhehi` ndrg tm mtjgr pdthgits die tjg nmccuihty)
- Kgnmcg aimwfge`gdkfg dkmut jhs mr jgr jgdftj pfdi nmvgrd`g die jgdftj pfdi mpthmis *wjgi dvdhfdkfg( hinfuehi` dff nmvgrge kgigohts& fhchtdthmis& die gxnfushmis& rufgs rg`drehi` usg mo igtwmra prmvhegrs& nmvgrd`g die rgogrrdf rufgs& dpprmprhdtg prmngssgs tm sgnurg deehthmidf hiomrcdthmi& die tjg prmngss tm dppgdf nmvgrd`g egnhshmis)
- ^jmw rgspgnt omr mtjgr pdthgits die jgdftj wmragrs)
- Cdag d `mme#odhtj goomrt tm cggt ohidinhdf mkfh`dthmis)
- Dkheg ky dechihstrdthvg die mpgrdthmidf prmngeurgs mo jgdftj pfdis& jgdftjndrg prmvhegrs& die `mvgricgit jgdftj kgigoht prm`rdcs)
- [gpmrt wrmi`emhi` die ordue tm dpprmprhdtg rgsmurngs mr fg`df dutjmrhthgs) *
Ourtjgr fg`hsfdthmi nmithiugs tm omnus mi tjg omffmwhi` hssugs<
- Ujg rh`jt mo d pdthgit tm jdvg d cgehndf egnhshmi cdeg ky d emntmr
- Ujg rh`jt tm sgg d spgnhdfhst
- Ujg rh`jt tm `m tm tjg nfmsgst gcgr`giny rmmc
- Ujg rh`jt tm egsh`idtg d pgehdtrhnhdi ds d prhcdry ndrg emntmr omr njhfergi
- Ujg rh`jt tm sgg d cgehndf spgnhdfhst
- Ujg rh`jt tm aggp tjg sdcg emntmr tjrmu`jmut d pdthgit‘s cgehndf trgdtcgit
- Ujg rh`jt tm mktdhi prgsnrhpthmi eru`s ds prgsnrhkge ky d emntmr
- Ujg rh`jt tm dnngss d odhr die hiegpgiegit dppgdf prmngss ho ndrg hs egihge
- Ujg rh`jt tm jmfe d jgdftj pfdi dnnmuitdkfg omr jdrc emig
Pjdt Drg ^mcg Gxdcpfgs mo Rdthgit Ordue=
Pjgi di hiehvheudf pdthgit pgrpgtudtgs d ordue snjgcg d`dhist jhs mr jgr mwi jgdftj pfdi& ht hs motgi ndffge ejijahdhnry arnul kr rjdhphjit arnul) Gxdcpfgs mo rgnhphgit ordue drg iucgrmus die hinfueg sukchtthi` odfsg nfdhcs omr sgrvhngs igvgr rgiegrge& nmffuehi` whtj emntmrs tm sukcht cufthpfg nfdhcs omr sgrvhngs tjdt wgrg prmvhege mify ming& die wmrahi` whtj emntmrs tm cdag uinmvgrge jgdftjndrg sgrvhngs dppgdr tm kg fhag migs tjdt drg nmvgrge ky tjg hisurding pfdi)
Mtjgr omrcs mo rgnhphgit ordue drg sukchtthi` nfdhcs omr cufthpfg moohng vhshts tm nmvgr imihisurge odchfy cgckgrs mr dftgrhi` nfdhcs omrcs mr rgnghpts ormc prmvhegrs tm rgnghvg jh`jgr rghckursgcgit omr mut#mo#pmnagt sgrvhngs) Phtj tjg hinrgdshi` hssug mo prgsnrhpthmi dkusg& rgnhphgits cdy rgqugst gxngsshvg eru`s& dftgr prgsnrhpthmis& die gvgi nrgdtg nmuitgroght prgsnrhpthmis omr rghckursgcgit& hi deehthmi tm rgqugsthi` dnngss tm cgehndthmis tjdt drg imt cgehndffy igngssdry) Mtjgr drgds mo dkusg hinfueg gxngsshvg psynjmtjgrdpy trgdtcgits die hiehvheudfs sukchtthi` nfdhcs omr sgrvhngs dffg`gefy rgnghvge wjhfg trdvgfhi` dkrmde)
Ohidffy& tjg hiehvheudf pdthgit cdy pdrthnhpdtg hi d cmrg nmcpfgx die mr`dihzge ordue snjgcg) Ujgsg gxdcpfgs hinfueg nrhcg rhi`s tjdt std`g dnnhegits hi wjhnj hiehvheudfs odfshoy hilurhgs die suksgqugit ndrg) Dimtjgr nmcpfgx ordue snjgcg hs ndffge rjit-n-pnthjit) Hi tjhs snjgcg& pdthgits pdrthnhpdtg hi ‖rgithi`– tjghr kmehgs tm ordueufgit prmvhegrs& wjm tjgi pgromrc uiigngssdry prmngeurgs tm sukcht tm tjg pdthgits‘ kgigoht pfdis omr rghckursgcgit)
Jmw Emgs tjg Rdthgit [mfg [gfdtg tm Mtjgr Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc Rfdygrs=
Hi hihthdthi` d ordue snjgcg& d pdthgit ndi dnt hiegpgiegitfy mr nmffueg whtj diy mo tjg mtjgr cdragt pfdygrs hi tjg R#JNN―omr gxdcpfg& ky jdvhi` d prmvhegr chsrgprgsgit d ehd`imshs) Ujg pdthgit dfsm nmufe pdrthnhpdtg hi di mr`dihzge nrhchidf gitgrprhsg& sunj ds mig hivmfvge hi std`hi` di dnnhegit tm sukcht d sgrhgs mo odfsg nfdhcs die fhth`dthmi) Ohidffy& di hinrgdshi` rmfg omr tjg pdthgit hs tjdt mo ordue vhnthc) Moogisgs d`dhist pdthgits rdi`g ormc rgnghvhi` sgrvhngs tjdt drg imt cgehndffy igngssdry tm jdvhi` tjghr pgrsmidf hiomrcdthmi stmfgi die usge tm sukcht nfdhcs d`dhist tjghr jgdftj hisurding pfdis mr tm nrgdtg igw nrgeht ndres hi tjghr idcgs) Wiomrtuidtgfy& tjgsg vhnthcs cdy imt ohie mut uithf tjgy igge tm uthfhzg d sgrvhng die tjghr kgigohts jdvg rui ery mr uithf nmffgnthmi d`ginhgs drg dt tjg ormit emmr)
Ujg Rrmvhegr
Pjm Hs tjg Rrmvhegr=
UJG JM^RHUDF
Ujg jmsphtdf trdehthmidffy jds kggi d odnhfhty mr histhtuthmi hi wjhnj jgdftjndrg sgrvhngs drg prmvhege ky pjyshnhdis& sur`gmis& iursgs& die mtjgr jgdftjndrg prmogsshmidfs) Ujg jmsphtdf prmvhegr rmfg jds di gxtgishvg jhstmry tjdt edtgs ngiturhgs kdna)
Ujrmu`jmut wmrfe jhstmry& rgfh`hmi die cgehnhig jdvg kggi fhiage) Hi tjg dinhgit @rgga nufturg& tgcpfgs wgrg kuhft omr tjg @rgga `me mo jgdfhi`& Dsnfgphus) [mcdis demptge tjg prdnthng mo wmrsjhpphi` ^nufdphus& ds tjgy idcge jhc& kuhfehi` d tgcpfg tm jhc mi tjg hsfdie mo Uhkgr hi [mcg *;84 K)N)( *[megrhna G) Cn@rgw& Jidydckpjlhn ka Mjlhdnc Ohstkry QIgw Xmra< Cdnchffdi& 48:7S& pp) 4>5„4>7()
Jmsphtdfs hi cgehgvdf Gurmpg wgrg dfsm kdsge hi rgfh`hmus nmccuihthgs) Ndrg wds typhndffy prmvhege ky cmias die iuis& die smcg jmsphtdfs wgrg dttdnjge tm cmidstgrhgs) Eurhi` tjhs thcg tjg omnus wds mi cdid`hi` hffigssgs mr nrgdthi` jmsphng#fhag givhrmicgits) Cdiy jmsphtdfs jde d spgnhohn purpmsg& sunj ds ndrhi` omr fgpgrs mr prmvhehi` d rgou`g omr tjg pmmr) Phtjhi tjg cgehgvdf Hsfdchn wmrfe& Cusfhc jmsphtdfs stdrtge tm omnus mi stdiedre mo ndrg smcgthcg kgtwggi tjg gh`jtj die twgfotj ngiturhgs) Jmsphtdfs kuhft hi Kd`jede hi tjg tgitj ngitury dntudffy gcpfmyge pjyshnhdis whtj sgpdrdtg wdres omr ehoogrgit nmiehthmis)
Jmsphtdfs hi tjg cmegri grd stdrtge smcgthcg hi tjg gh`jtggitj ngitury wjgi histhtuthmis kg`di tm sgrvg cgehndf igges die nrgdtg stdoos nmitdhihi` pjyshnhdis die sur`gmis) Hi Kgrfhi& omr gxdcpfg& tjg histhtuthmi Njdrhtg wds omuiege hi 4042) Ujg tjgcg mo trgdthi` tjg pmmr ndrrhge mvgr mitm tjg sjmrgs mo Dcgrhnd) Ujg idthmi‘s ohrst jmsphtdf wds omuiege ky Er) Ujmcds Kmie die Kgildchi Ordiafhi hi 4074& ‖tm ndrg omr tjg shna#pmmr die hisdig wjm wgrg wdiegrhi` tjg strggts mo Rjhfdegfpjhd– *www)upjs)upgii)geu-pdjdrn-ogdturgs-nrgdthmi)jtcf()
Withf tjhs pmhit& tjgsg histhtuthmis wgrg ouiege prhcdrhfy ky tjhre pdrthgs―tjdt hs& ky pdrthgs mtjgr tjdi pdthgits) Ujhre pdrthgs dfsm wgrg rgspmishkfg omr tjg ehrgnthmi die prmvhshmi mo ndrg) Mur prgsgit#edy tjhre#pdrty cmegf& tjgi& hs ngiturhgs mfe) Aggp tjhs jhstmry hi chie ds ymu rgde tjrmu`j tjhs kmma die dpprgnhdtg tjg nurrgit cdragt sjhot mo putthi` tjg nmisucgr hitm tjg erhvgr‘s sgdt) Ujg sjhot ormc pnthjit& d rgnhphgit mo ndrg ehrgntge ky dimtjgr pdrty& tm dkisumjr& wjm ehrgnts jhs mr jgr mwi ndrg& rgprgsgits d sh`ihohndit njdi`g ormc dpprmxhcdtgfy ;&722 ygdrs mo jhstmry)
Ds jhstmry cmvge omrwdre& tjg pukfhn cmegf omr tjg shna gvmfvge hitm prhvdtg#cmegf jmsphtdfs omr pdthgits wjm wgrg shna die imt pmmr) Ky tjg che#ihigtggitj ngitury& cmst Gurmpgdi nmuitrhgs die tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs jde egvgfmpge d vdrhgty mo kmtj pukfhn die prhvdtg jmsphtdf systgcs) Ouiehi` mo tjgsg histhtuthmis wds `gigrdffy pukfhn) @grcdiy gstdkfhsjge tjg ohrst idthmidf systgc mo nmcpufsmry shnaigss hisurding hi 4::>) Hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs& cutudf kgigoht smnhgthgs moogrge prgpdhe cgehndf ndrg hi tjg gdrfy pdrt mo 4822) Ujhre#pdrty rgfdthmisjhps& whtj rgspgnt tm egfhvgry mo pdthgit ndrg die hts ouiehi`& jdvg gvmfvge sh`ihohnditfy shing tjhs thcg) Umedy& cmst jmsphtdfs drg ouiege ky d kfgie mo pukfhn die prhvdtg ouies)
Hi 4857& Jdrry ^) Urucdi diimuinge tjdt jg wditge nmcpufsmry hisurding) Phtjhi tgi ygdrs ormc tjhs diimuingcgit& omr#prmoht jmsphtdf njdhis kg`di tm egvgfmp) Imtg hi Gxjhkht ;)4 wjdt jdppgige kgomrg Cgehndrg wds hcpfgcgitge die tjg d``rgsshvg `rmwtj mo spgiehi` dotgrwdre) Ujg `mvgricgit#spmismrge prm`rdcs mo Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe em dppgdr tm jdvg hcpdntge nmrpmrdtg cgehnhig)
@xifkft ;$= Uhcgfhig omr tjg Egvgfmpcgit mo Omr#Rrmoht Jmsphtdfs die Mtjgr Cdragt Dnthvhthgs
Rrmvhegrs hinfueg di gvgr#`rmwhi` fhst mo spgnhdfty#typg odnhfhthgs& sunj ds tjgsg<
- Dnutg sur`hndf ngitgrs
- Ndingr ngitgrs
- Njhfergi‘s jmsphtdfs
- Nfhihn odnhfhthgs
- Gcgr`giny cgehndf nfhihns
- @grhdtrhn jmsphtdfs
- Cgehndf jmcgs―gcgr`hi` givhrmicgits
- Cgehndf rgsgdrnj ngitgrs
- Rsynjhdtrhn jmsphtdfs
- Urducd ngitgrs
- Wihvgrshty jmsphtdfs
Ujg Rrmogsshmidf
Ujg jhstmrhndf omnus mi tjg prmogsshmidf prmvhegr mo ndrg kg`his whtj tjg pjyshnhdi) D pjyshnhdi hs d pgrsmi wjm prdnthngs khmfm`hndf cgehnhig) Hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs& tjg tgrc poyshdhni hs usge tm egsnrhkg d vdrhgty mo cgehndf prmogsshmidfs) Ujg Wihtge ^tdtgs prmvhegs fhngisgs omr omur typgs mo pjyshnhdis) Ujg ohrst hs di ncckpntohd pjyshnhdi& wjm jmfes di ML *Cgehndf Emntmr( egsh`idthmi<
Mjlhdhij /kr ehkmjlhdhij( hs toj sdhjidj ka mnhitnhihif kr rjstkrhif oumni ojncto torkufo rjsjnrdo nil toj stuly# lhnfikshs# trjntmjit# nil prjvjithki ka lhsjnsj nil hibury) Ohstkrhdnccy ni hccijss-ensjl sdhjidj# ht hs ikw hitjrmhifcjl whto ekto wjccijss mnhitjinidj ns wjcc ns durnthvj nil+kr hccijss mninfjmjit)
Ujg prdnthng mo dffmpdtjhn cgehnhig edtgs kdna tm tjg sgvgitj ngitury) Cgehndf emntmrs drg trdhige hi gvheging#kdsge snjmmfs mo cgehnhig die drg rg`ufdtge ky tjg Dcgrhndi Dssmnhdthmi mo Cgehndf Nmffg`gs) Ujgy drg fhngisge tm prdnthng hi dff 72 stdtgs& tjg Ehstrhnt mo Nmfuckhd& die tjg W)^) tgrrhtmrhgs mo Rugrtm [hnm die tjg _hr`hi Hsfdies)
Ujg sgnmie typg mo pjyshnhdi hs di kstjkpntohd pjyshnhdi& wjm jmfes d LK *Emntmr mo Mstgmpdtjy( egsh`idthmi) Mstgmpdtjhn cgehnhig *omrcgrfy aimwi ds kstjkpntoy( hs
n dkmpcjtj systjm ka mjlhdnc dnrj whto n pohckskpoy tont dkmehijs toj ijjls ka toj pnthjit whto durrjit prndthdj ka mjlhdhij# surfjry# nil kestjtrhds) \oj jmponshs hs ki toj hitjrrjcnthkisohp ejtwjji strudturj nil auidthki# nil ons ni npprjdhnthki ka toj ekly‘s nehchty tk ojnc htsjca) /www)nndkm)krf+rjskurdjs+ekkgstkrj+Lkdumjits+FK\5008jl)pla(
Mstgmpdtjy wds omuiege ky Diergw Udyfmr ^thff& CE *4:;:„4840() Mstgmpdtjhn emntmrs& fhag cgehndf emntmrs& drg fhngisge tm prdnthng hi dff 72 stdtgs& tjg Ehstrhnt mo Nmfuckhd& die tjg W)^) tgrrhtmrhgs mo Rugrtm [hnm die tjg _hr`hi Hsfdies)
Ujg tjhre typg mo pjyshnhdi hs d inturkpntohd pjyshnhdi& wjm jmfes tjg egsh`idthmi mo IL *Emntmr mo Idturmpdtjy(<
Inturkpntohd mjlhdhij /ncsk gikwi ns inturkpntoy( hs n sdokkc ka mjlhdnc pohckskpoy nil prndthdj tont sjjgs tk hmprkvj ojncto nil trjnt lhsjnsj dohjacy ey nsshsthif toj ekly‘s hiintj dnpndhty tk rjdkvjr arkm hccijss nil hibury) Inturkpntohd dnrj mny hidculj trjntmjits sudo ns mniunc tojrnpy# oylrktojrnpy# ojrenchsm# ndupuidturj# dkuisjchif# jivhrkimjitnc mjlhdhij# nrkmntojrnpy# wokcjakkls# nil djcc sncts)
Ujg tgrc inturkpntoy wds nmhige kgomrg 4822 ky Lmji ^njggf) Idturmpdtjhn pjyshnhdis nurrgitfy drg fhngisge hi 47 stdtgs―Dfdsad& Drhzmid& Ndfhomrihd& Nmiignthnut& Ehstrhnt mo Nmfuckhd& Jdwdhh& Hedjm& Adisds& Cdhig& Cmitdid& Igw Jdcpsjhrg& Mrg`mi& Wtdj& _grcmit& Pdsjhi`tmi―die tjg W)^) tgrrhtmrhgs mo Rugrtm [hnm die tjg _hr`hi Hsfdies)
Ujg omurtj typg mo pjyshnhdi hs d Emntmr mo Dohrkprndthd# egsh`idtge ds LD2
Dohrkprndthd Mjlhdhij sjjgs tk lhnfiksj# trjnt# dkrrjdt# nil prjvjit ijurkckfhdnc# sgjcjtnc# kr skat thssuj lysauidthki ey jmpckyhif sphinc nil ktojr nrthducnr nlbustmjits nil mnihpucnthkis)
Ujg njhrmprdnthn dpprmdnj wds omuiege hi 4:87 ky Edihgf Edvhe Rdfcgr)
Mtjgr prmogsshmidf jgdftj ehsnhpfhigs hinfueg pmehdtry& egithstry& die psynjhdtry) Pklhntrhsts rgnghvg d fhngisg egsh`idthmi mo Emntmr mo Rmehdtrhn Cgehnhig /LPM() Pklhntry hs tjg drt die cgehndf snhging mo trgdthi` tjg fmwgr gxtrgchty& whtj d omnus mi tjg ommt die diafg) Ujg prmogsshmidf ndrg mo oggt edtgs kdna tm tjg G`ypthdis& whtj ndrvhi`s egsh`idthi` tjg drt hi tjg ndrg mo tjg oggt) Jhppmnrdtgs& hi jhs wrhthi`& imtge tjg trgdtcgit rg`hcgi omr ndffusgs die nmris mo tjg oggt)
Ljithsts rgnghvg d Emntmr mo Egitdf ^ur`gry /LLT( eg`rgg mr Emntmr mo Egitdf Cgehnhig /LML( eg`rgg) Egithstry hs tjg drt die snhging mo prgvgithmi& ehd`imshs& die trgdtcgit mo nmiehthmis& ehsgdsgs& die ehsmregrs mo tjg mrdf ndvhty& tjg cdxhffmodnhdf rg`hmi& die hts dssmnhdtge strunturgs ds ht rgfdtgs tm jucdi kghi`s) Egithstry trdngs hts jhstmry kdna 8&222 ygdrs& dnnmrehi` tm d `rmup mo ditjrmpmfm`hsts& wjm hi ;22? rgpmrtge tjg ehsnmvgry mo smpjhsthndtge erhffhi` tgnjihqugs usge tm trgdt egitdf egndy hi wjdt hs imw Rdahstdi *jttp<--igws)kkn)nm)ua-4-jh-snh-tgnj-5::;8?:)stc() Hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs& tjg ohrst snjmmf mo egithstry mpgige hi Cdryfdie hi 4:52 dt tjg Kdfthcmrg Nmffg`g mo Egitdf ^ur`gry)
D psydohntrhst jds tjg egsh`idthmi mo CE die hs nmishegrge d cgehndf spgnhdfhst wjm egdfs whtj tjg prgvgithmi& dssgsscgit& ehd`imshs& trgdtcgit& die rgjdkhfhtdthmi mo cgitdf hffigss) Ujg prhcdry `mdf mo psynjhdtry hs tjg rgfhgo mo cgitdf suoogrhi` dssmnhdtge whtj cgitdf ehsmregrs& sunj ds snjhzmpjrgihd& die tjg hcprmvgcgit mo cgitdf wgff#kghi`) Psydokckfhsts# mi tjg mtjgr jdie& drg imt fhngisge emntmrs) Ujgy drg typhndffy prmogsshmidfs wjm jdvg emntmrdf eg`rggs mr devdinge trdhihi` hi nfhihndf& nmuisgfhi`& hieustrhdf& mr geundthmidf psynjmfm`y) Rsynjmfm`hsts cust cggt tjg rgspgnthvg fhngishi` nrhtgrhd omr tjghr stdtg)
Rjyshnhdi spgnhdfthgs nmithiug tm gvmfvg) Ujg omffmwhi` hs d sdcpfg fhst mo tjmsg tgrcs<
- Digstjgshmfm`y
- Egrcdtmfm`y
- Gcgr`giny cgehnhig
- @gigrdf prdnthng *odchfy cgehnhig(
- Hitgridf cgehnhig
- Igurmfm`y
- Iunfgdr cgehnhig
- Mnnupdthmidf cgehnhig
- Rdtjmfm`y
- Rgehdtrhns
- Rjyshndf cgehnhig die rgjdkhfhtdthmi
- Rrgvgithvg cgehnhig
- [dehdthmi minmfm`y
- [dehmfm`y
- ^ur`gry
Rjyshnhdi sukspgnhdfthgs dfsm gxhst& omr gxdcpfg<
- Dffgr`y die hccuimfm`y
- Ndrehmfm`y
- Giemnrhimfm`y
- @dstrmgitgrmfm`y
- Jgcdtmfm`y
- Hiognthmus ehsgdsgs
- Hitgishvg ndrg cgehnhig *nrhthndf ndrg cgehnhig(
- Cgehndf `gigthns
- Igpjrmfm`y
- Minmfm`y
- Rufcmimfm`y
- [jgucdtmfm`y
^ur`hndf spgnhdfthgs hinfueg<
- Diermfm`y
- Ndrehdn sur`gry
- Nmfmi die rgntdf sur`gry
- @gigrdf sur`gry
- Jdie sur`gry
- Hitgrvgithmidf igurmrdehmfm`y
- Igurmfm`hndf sur`gry
- Mkstgtrhns die `yignmfm`y
- Mpjtjdfcmfm`y
- Mrdf die cdxhffmodnhdf sur`gry
- Mrtjmpgehn sur`gry
- Mtmfdryi`mfm`y *GIU(
- Rgehdtrhn sur`gry
- Rfdsthn sur`gry
- ^ur`hndf minmfm`y
- Ujmrdnhn sur`gry
- Urdispfdit sur`gry
- Urducd sur`gry
- Wrmfm`y
- _dsnufdr sur`gry
Iucgrmus mtjgr jgdftjndrg prmogsshmidfs egfhvgr mr nmitrhkutg tm pdthgit ndrg) Ujgsg rmfgs hinfueg<
- Ehgththdis
- Gcgr`giny rmmc tgnjihnhdis
- Fdkmrdtmry snhgithsts
- Iursgs
- Mnnupdthmidf tjgrdphsts
- Rdrdcgehns
- Rjdrcdnhsts
- Rjyshmtjgrdphsts
- [dehm`rdpjgrs
- [gsphrdtmry tjgrdphsts
- ^pggnj tjgrdphsts
^pgnhdfty sgrvhngs prmvhege ky tjgsg prmogsshmidfs nmithiug tm `rmw ds wgff die hinfueg tjgsg gxdcpfgs<
- Devding prdnthng iurshi`
- Duehmfm`y
- Ehgtgthns
- Gcgr`giny cgehndf sgrvhngs
- Gphegchmfm`y
- Cgehndf tgnjimfm`y
- Chewhogry
- Mnnupdthmidf tjgrdpy
- Mptmcgtry
- Rjdrcdny
- Rjyshndf tjgrdpy *pjyshmtjgrdpy(
- Rjyshnhdi dsshstdit
- Rmehdtry
- Rukfhn jgdftj
- [gsphrdtmry tjgrdpy
- ^pggnj die fdi`ud`g pdtjmfm`y
Pjdt Drg ^mcg Gxdcpfgs mo Rrmvhegr Ordue=
Gxdcpfgs mo prmvhegr ordue rdi`g ormc sukchtthi` nfdhcs omr sgrvhngs igvgr rgiegrge tm chsrgprgsgitdthmi mo dntudf sgrvhngs tm vdrhmus dnnmuithi` hrrg`ufdrhthgs whtjhi prmvhegr nmsts rgpmrts) Jgrg hs d fhst mo gxdcpfgs<
- Dcustjrhif
- Dkitrkccjl suestnidj neusj
- Lhnfikshs-rjcntjl frkup /LUF( drjjp
- Jxpjrhmjitnc trjntmjit
- Jxdjsshvj ajjs
- Ancsj dkst rjpkrts
- Oksphtnc fnhi-sonrhif nrrnifjmjits
- Hmprkpjr mklhahjrs
- Hmprkpjr ehcchif akr kesjrvnthki pnthjits
- Ghdgendgs
- Mniuandturhif2 4<0 E prkfrnm neusj
- Mjlhdnc ijdjsshty
- Mhsrjprjsjitnthki
- Ujg idturg mo sgrvhngs& prmngeurgs& die-mr suppfhgs prmvhege
- Ujg edtgs mi wjhnj tjg sgrvhngs die-mr trgdtcgit wgrg prmvhege
- Ujg cgehndf rgnmre mo sgrvhng die-mr trgdtcgit prmvhege
- Ujg nmiehthmi trgdtge mr tjg ehd`imshs cdeg
- Ujg njdr`gs mr rghckursgcgit omr sgrvhngs& prmngeurgs& die-mr suppfhgs prmvhege
- Ujg hegithty mo tjg prmvhegr mr tjg rgnhphgit mo sgrvhngs& prmngeurgs& die-mr suppfhgs
- Kutpnthjit ndthvhty
- Kvjruthchznthki
- Pnthjit lumphif nil suestnilnrl dnrj
Jmw Emgs tjg Rrmvhegr [mfg [gfdtg tm Mtjgr Rrhcdry Jgdftjndrg Nmithiuuc Rfdygrs=
Ujg prmvhegr hs tjg sgnmie agy pfdygr hi tjg R#JNN) Ujg rgfdthmisjhp kgtwggi tjg pdthgit die tjg prmvhegr hs nmitgcpmrdigmus& ofuhe& die ofuntudthi`) Phtj rgspgnt tm tjg prmvhegr‘s rmfg& ht hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie tjdt tjg prmvhshmi mo ndrg ndi nmcg ormc cdiy ehoogrgit typgs mo prmogsshmidfs whtjhi cdiy ehoogrgit sgtthi`s) Ujg jhstmry mo mig pdthgit dfmig ndi hivmfvg d iuckgr mo ehoogrgit prmvhegrs wjm jdvg trgdtge tjg pdthgit hi vdrhmus odnhfhthgs tjrmu`jmut tjg nmursg mo tjg pdthgit‘s fhogthcg) Ujhs cdags tjg hiehvheudf pdthgit‘s ohfg ord`cgitge) Phtj rgspgnt tm diy `gigrdf dueht mr hivgsth`dthmi& ht hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie die dpprgnhdtg tjg nmcpfgxhty die ord`cgitdthmi mo lust mig hiehvheudf ohfg& fgt dfmig d `rmup mo pdthgits) Phtj tjhs hi chie& tjg prhcdry rgdsmi omr nmcchtthi` ordue hs cmigy) Ujgrgomrg& ht hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie tjg eyidchns mo tjg igxt pfdygr)
Ujg Rdygr
Pjm Hs tjg Rdygr=
Ujg pdygr hs fhtgrdffy tjg mig tjdt pdys tjg khff) Di hitgrgsthi` qumtg dppgdrge hi d 4848 pukfhndthmi ormc tjg Hisurnidj Mkihtkr hi rgspmisg tm tjg hegd mo jgdftj hisurding<
toj kppkrtuihthjs akr arnul Whi ojncto hisurnidj] upsjt ncc stnthsthdnc dncducnthkis … Ojncto nil shdgijss nrj vnfuj tjrms kpji tk jilcjss dkistrudthki) Ljnto hs dcjnrcy ljahijl# eut tk sny wont soncc dkisthtutj sudo ckss ka ojncto ns whcc busthay hisurnidj dkmpjisnthki hs ik jnsy tnsg) /Bucy >8>8# vkc) 16/6(# p) 4?(
Hcd`hig tjg hish`jt fmmahi` kdna ormc ;220) Ujg pdygr hi tjg R#JNN hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie hi tgrcs mo hts jhstmry die hts nmitrhkuthmi tmwdre tjg ord`cgitdthmi hi tjg cdragt tmedy)
Phtj rgspgnt tm tjg prmvhshmi mo jgdftj hisurding& mur jhstmry thcgtdkfg tdags us tm @grcdiy& wjhnj hi 4::> hihthdtge hts nmcpufsmry idthmidfhzge jgdftj hisurding prm`rdc) Cdiy mtjgr Gurmpgdi nmuitrhgs omffmwge suht) Nmcpufsmry idthmidfhzge jgdftj hisurding wds dttgcptge hi tjg gdrfy pdrt mo W)^) jhstmry& kut ht wds igvgr sunngssouffy pdssge)
Ujg gdrfy pdrt mo tjg 4822s jde prm`rgsshvg hcprmvgcgit hi tjg egfhvgry mo cgehnhig die trgdtcgit mo pdthgits) Dfmi` whtj tjhs ndcg hinrgdshi` egcdie die nmsts dssmnhdtge whtj jgdftjndrg sgrvhngs) Hi 48;8& d `rmup mo Edffds tgdnjgrs nmitrdntge whtj Kdyfmr Wihvgrshty Jmsphtdf tm prmvheg ;4 edys mo jmsphtdfhzdthmi d ygdr omr d ohxge ogg mo %?) Ujhs cmegf gvgitudffy sgt tjg std`g omr jgdftj hisurding prm`rdcs hi tjg Wihtge ^tdtgs) KfugNrmss Kfug^jhgfe gcgr`ge ormc tjhs cmegf) Ujg nmingpt mo tjg prgpdhe jmsphtdf sgrvhng pfdi nmithiuge tm `rmw) Ujhs pfdi prmvge goognthvg eurhi` tjg 48>2s& wjgi pdthgits die jmsphtdfs suoogrge ormc odffhi` rgvgiug strgdcs) Ujg pjyshnhdi cdragt gvgitudffy wds hinfuege ds pdrt mo tjg rghckursgcgit cmegf)
Dotgr tjg sunngss mo tjg KfugNrmss Kfug^jhgfe pfdi& tjg cdragt `rgw dt di dnngfgrdtge rdtg& whtj nmccgrnhdf nmcpdihgs prmvhehi` jgdftj hisurding moogrhi`s) Dnnmrehi` tm tjg Tkurdj Ekkg ka Ojncto Hisurnidj Lntn# 48?7& tjg iuckgr mo girmffggs hi 4852 stdrtge uiegr ;2 chffhmi die rmsg tm 4>2 chffhmi ky 48?2) Ky 487;& prhvdtg nmccgrnhdf ndrrhgrs wgrg gxnggehi` tjg girmffcgit oh`urgs mo KfugNrmss Kfug^jhgfe) Dt tjg sdcg thcg tjdt jgdftj hisurding pfdis wgrg kgnmchi` cmrg pmpufdr& tjg 485; ^tdkhfhzdthmi Dnt fhchtge wd`g hinrgdsgs tjdt gcpfmygrs nmufe moogr gcpfmyggs) Ujhs cdeg tjg prmvhshmi mo gcpfmygg hisurding pfdis di gspgnhdffy dttrdnthvg omrc mo deehthmidf nmcpgisdthmi) Ujg hegd mo d kgigoht pdnad`g tjdt hinfuege jgdftjndrg kgigohts wds mig omrc mo dttrdnthi` wmragrs) Ujhs rgcdhis trug tmedy)
Ujg tgrc tohrl-pnrty nlmhihstrntkr *URD( hs di Dcgrhndi kushigss tgrc usge hi tjg ohgfe mo nfdhcs prmngsshi`) D URD hs d nmitrdntge d`giny tjdt prmngssgs jgdftjndrg nfdhcs mi kgjdfo mo dimtjgr githty) Ujg rhsa mo diy fmss rgcdhis whtj tjg githty tjdt spmismrs tjg kgigoht pfdi) Hi tjhs cdragt& spmismrs cmst typhndffy drg sgfo#hisurge gcpfmygrs) D sgfo#ouiege jgdftjndrg pfdi hivmfvgs di gcpfmygr ohidinhi` tjg jgdftjndrg nmsts mo hts gcpfmyggs ky nmitrdnthi` whtj d URD tm dechihstgr tjg gcpfmygr‘s pfdi) Ht hs imt uiusudf omr d sgfo#hisurge gcpfmygr tm dfsm nmitrdnt whtj d rghisurgr tm pdy diy dcmuits hi gxngss mo d ngrtdhi tjrgsjmfe tm jgfp chihchzg mr sjdrg rhsa omr ndtdstrmpjhn gvgits)
Dimtjgr typhndf pfdi spmismr hs d `mvgricgit#ouiege prm`rdc& sunj ds Cgehndrg& wjmsg cmihgs drg spmismrge tjrmu`j tdx nmitrhkuthmis) Ht hs tjg sdcg nmingpt ds d sgfo#hisurge gcpfmygr) Ujg `mvgricgit nmitrdnts whtj d URD tm dechihstgr tjg `mvgricgit#spmismrge pfdi mi kgjdfo mo hts qudfhoyhi` kgigohnhdrhgs)
Jgdftj hisurding nmcpdihgs `dckfg tjdt tjg prgpdhe dcmuits nmffgntge whff gxngge tjg dntudf gxpgiehturgs tm trgdt tjg pdthgits whtjhi tjghr pfdis) Pjgi tjg gcpfmygr hs sgfo#hisurge& tjg gcpfmygr& hi gssging& hs tdahi` mi tjg rhsa htsgfo) Hi tjg cdragtpfdng drg kushigss giththgs tjdt wmra mify ds URDs) Ujg cdragtpfdng dfsm hinfuegs hisurding nmcpdihgs tjdt sgff rhsa#kdsge hisurding ds wgff ds URD sgrvhngs tm sgfo#hisurge giththgs)
[gcgckgr tjdt d prhvdtg hisurding pmfhny hs d nmitrdnt kgtwggi tjg hisurding nmcpdiy die tjg nustmcgr) Pjdt hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie hs gxdntfy wjm tjg nustmcgr hs) Omr gxdcpfg& wjgi di gcpfmygr nmitrdnts whtj di hisurding nmcpdiy& tjg gcpfmygr hs tjg nustmcgr) Ht hs imt tjg pdthgit mr rgnhphgit mo ndrg) Ujg gcpfmygr hs purnjdshi` d kgigoht omr hts gcpfmygg tm rgnghvg kgigohts dnnmrehi` tm tjg tgrcs mo tjg nmitrdnt whtj tjg hisurding ndrrhgr) Uyphndffy& tjg mify rgfdthmisjhp kgtwggi tjg hisurding nmcpdiy die tjg pdthgit hs tjdt tjg pdthgit hs lust d usgr mo tjg pfdi) Ho di hiehvheudf purnjdsgs tjg hisurding prmeunt& jmwgvgr& tjgi tjg rgfdthmisjhp njdi`gs1 tjg pdthgit kgnmcgs tjg nustmcgr) ^hchfdrfy& hi tjg rgfdthmisjhp kgtwggi tjg pdthgit die tjg prmvhegr& tjg pdthgit hs tjg nustmcgr) Ujgsg twm sgts mo rgfdthmisjhps prmvheg d sdcpfg mo cdragt nmiofhnt) Ujhs hs d suktfg kut vgry hcpmrtdit nmingpt tm uiegrstdie) Hi tjg nmursg mo diy dueht mr hivgsth`dthmi& dt smcg pmhit ymu drg rgvhgwhi` cmthvdthmi die erhvgrs dcmi` tjg pfdygrs) Ohidinhdf die nfhihndf dnnmuitdkhfhty njdi`g egpgiehi` mi gxdntfy wjm tjg kuygr hs die wjm tjg nustmcgr hs hi tjg trdisdnthmi)
Phtj rgspgnt tm dnnmuitdkhfhty die nmcpfgx rg`ufdtmry givhrmicgit& mig agy omuiedthmi hs hcpmrtdit tm uiegrstdie) Hi diy pfdi tjdt hs kghi` dechihstgrge ky d sgfo#hisurge gcpfmygr& tjg gcpfmygr‘s pfdi emnucgit hs `mvgrige die hcpdntge ky tjg Gcpfmygg [gthrgcgit Hinmcg ^gnurhty Dnt mo 4805 *G[H^D(<
\oj Jmpckyjj Ujthrjmjit Hidkmj Tjdurhty Ndt ka >86< /JUHTN( hs n ajljrnc cnw tont sjts mhihmum stnilnrls akr mkst vkcuitnrhcy jstnechsojl pjishki nil ojncto pcnis hi prhvntj hilustry tk prkvhlj prktjdthki akr hilhvhluncs hi tojsj pcnis)
JUHTN rjquhrjs pcnis tk prkvhlj pnrthdhpnits whto pcni hiakrmnthki hidculhif hmpkrtnit hiakrmnthki nekut pcni ajnturjs nil auilhif7 prkvhljs ahludhnry rjspkishehchthjs akr toksj wok mninfj nil dkitrkc pcni nssjts7 rjquhrjs pcnis tk jstnechso n frhjvnidj nil nppjncs prkdjss akr pnrthdhpnits tk fjt ejijahts arkm tojhr pcnis7 nil fhvjs pnrthdhpnits toj rhfot tk suj akr ejijahts nil erjndojs ka ahludhnry luty) /www)lkc)fkv+lkc+tkphd+ojncto-pcnis+jrhsn)otm(
Ho tjg nmisucgr hs purnjdshi` di hisurding pfdi ormc tjg ndrrhgr& cmst fhagfy diy hssugs tjdt rgquhrg rgsmfuthmi whff kg hcpdntge ky tjg rgspgnthvg stdtg hisurding nmcchsshmi)
Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe stdrtge hi 48?7 ds pdrt mo tjg ^mnhdf ^gnurhty Dnt) Ujg Cgehndrg prm`rdc‘s hihthdf omnus wds tm prmvheg Dcgrhndis mvgr tjg d`g mo ?7 whtj sgfgnt nmvgrd`g) Ht wds imt hitgiege ds d prm`rdc tm prmvheg nmcprgjgishvg jgdftjndrg nmvgrd`g) Hi 4800& tjg Jgdftj Ndrg Ohidinhi` Dechihstrdthmi wds nrgdtge uiegr tjg Egpdrtcgit mo Jgdftj& Geundthmi& die Pgfodrg *JGP( tm goognthvgfy nmmrehidtg Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe) Ujg Jgdftj Ndrg Ohidinhi` Dechihstrdthmi hs aimwi tmedy ds tjg Ngitgrs omr Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe ^grvhngs) Ujg 480; ^mnhdf ^gnurhty Dcgiecgits gxpdiege Cgehndrg tm prmvheg nmvgrd`g omr ehsdkfge pgrsmis rgnghvhi` ndsj kgigohts omr ;5 cmitjs uiegr tjg ^mnhdf ^gnurhty prm`rdc die pgrsmis suoogrhi` ormc gie#std`g rgidf ehsgdsg)
Mi Egngckgr :& ;22>& Rrgshegit @gmr`g P) Kusj sh`ige tjg Cgehndrg Rrgsnrhpthmi Eru` Hcprmvgcgit die Cmegrihzdthmi Dnt hitm fdw) Cgehndrg Rdrt E imw prmvhegs nmvgrd`g omr prgsnrhpthmi cgehndthmis)
Umedy& dnnmrehi` tm tjg Ngitgrs omr Cgehndrg die Cgehndhe ^grvhngs& dfcmst dff fdr`g W)^) gcpfmygrs moogr jgdftj hisurding tm tjghr gcpfmyggs) Jmwgvgr& tjg pgrngitd`g mo fdr`g ohrcs moogrhi` tjgsg kgigohts tm rgthrge gcpfmyggs ogff ormc ?? pgrngit hi 48:: tm >5 pgrngit hi ;22;) [hshi` nmsts mo ndrg die mo hisurding nmvgrd`g drg fgdehi` tmwdre di hinrgdsg hi tjg iuckgr mo uihisurge)
Hi Cdrnj mo ;242& Rrgshegit Mkdcd sh`ige hitm fdw Ujg Doomredkfg Ndrg Dnt whtj sh`ihohndit nmcprgjgishvg nmvgrd`g rgomrcs *www)jgdftjndrg)`mv-fdw-dkmut-hiegx)jtcf() Ujg hcpdnt mo tjhs Dnt jds ygt tm kg ouffy dpprgnhdtge) Phtj rgspgnt tm gcpfmygr#kdsge nmvgrd`g& dnnmrehi` tm Ujg Idthmidf Nmiogrging mo ^tdtg Fg`hsfdturgs *www)insf)mr`-=UdkHe345728() ‖Ujg pgrngitd`g mo pgmpfg nmvgrge ky gcpfmycgit#kdsge jgdftj hisurding egnrgdsge tm 77)> pgrngit hi ;242& ormc 7?)4 pgrngit hi ;228) Ujg pgrngitd`g mo pgmpfg nmvgrge ky gcpfmycgit#kdsge jgdftj hisurding hs tjg fmwgst shing 48:0& tjg ohrst ygdr tjdt nmcpdrdkfg jgdftj hisurding edtd wgrg nmffgntge) Ujg iuckgr mo pgmpfg nmvgrge ky gcpfmycgit#kdsge jgdftj hisurding egnrgdsge tm 4?8)> chffhmi hi ;242& ormc 402): chffhmi hi ;228)– Ujg mi`mhi` hcpdnt mi gcpfmygr#kdsge nmvgrd`g whff kg ehrgntfy nmrrgfdtge tm tjg cdiedtgs rgquhrge mi kgjdfo mo gcpfmygrs)
Pjdt Drg ^mcg Gxdcpfgs mo Rdygr Ordue=
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Healthcare Fraud; Auditing and Detection Guide
An invaluable tool equipping healthcare professionals, auditors, and investigators to detect every kind of healthcare fraudAccording to private and public estimates, billions of dollars are lost per hour to healthcare waste, fraud, and abuse. A must-have…
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