TNG CNG TY IN LC MIN BC CNG TY VIN THNG V CNG NGH THNG TIN IN LC MIN BC

CHNG TRNH O TO NNG BC CNG NHN

TI LIU MN HC C S D LIU

H Ni thng 3 nm 2011

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Chng I: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU .................................................................................1 1. C s d liu ....................................................................................................................................1 2. H qun tr c s d liu ................................................................................................................1 2.1. nh ngha................................................................................................................................. 1 2.2. Cc kh nng ca h qun tr CSDL ..................................................................................... 1 2.3. c im ca mt h qun tr CSDL ..................................................................................... 2 2.5. Cc chc nng ca h qun tr CSDL quan h ..................................................................... 6 Chng 2: CC CU LNH SQL C BN .......................................................................................8 1. Gii thiu cc thnh phn, kiu d liu ........................................................................................8 1.1 Mt s thnh phn .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Kiu d liu (Data Type) .......................................................................................................... 9 2. Cc cu lnh SQL............................................................................................................................9 2.1. Cc cu lnh nh ngha d liu ............................................................................................. 9 2.2. Cc cu lnh cp nht d liu ............................................................................................... 11 2.3. Kim sot d liu.................................................................................................................... 12 2.4. Tuy vn d liu....................................................................................................................... 12 Chng 3: H QUN TR C S D LIU SQL SERVER .........................................................16 1. Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu.......................................................................................16 1.1. Gii thiu h qun tr SQL Server ....................................................................................... 16 1.2.Cc thnh phn ca SQL Se rver ........................................................................................... 16 1.3. Qun l cc dch v ca SQL Serve r ................................................................................... 24 Chng 4: CI T V CU HNH H THNG ORACLE........................................................35

A. I.

CI T MY CH CSDL ................................................................................................35 Yu cu v thng s h thng trc khi ci t ...............................................................35 1. 2. 3. 4. Kim tra xem my ch ci t CSDL Oracle cha ...........................................35 Cc yu cu v h thng trc khi ci t CSDL ...................................................35 Cch tnh dung lng, s lng datafile trong CMIS2. ........................................37 Mt s cch theo di qu trnh thc hin script......................................................38 Bc 1: Chy trnh ci t ...............................................................................................39 Bc 2: La chn phng thc ci t ( Select Installation Method) ...................40 Bc 3: La chn kiu ci t ( Select Installation Type) ........................................41 Bc 4: Ch nh tn v ng dn ci t Database (Specify Home Details) ......................................................................................................42 Bc 5: Kim tra thng tin u vo cho ci t (Product- Specific Prerequisite Checks) ........................................................................43

II. Ci t CSDL Oracle 10G:...................................................................................................39

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Bc 6: La chn cu hnh ci t (Select Configuration Option).........................44 Bc 7: Tng kt li cc thng tin cn ci t (Summary) .......................................45 Bc 8: Ci t (Install)....................................................................................................46 Bc 9: Kt thc qu trnh ci t (End of Install)....................................................47 Bc 1: Chy chc nng Net Configuration Assistent ..............................................48 Bc 2: Thm mi Listener Service ..............................................................................48 Bc 3: Nhp tn Listener Name ....................................................................................49 Bc 4: Chn phng thc mng ...................................................................................50 Bc 5: Chn cng cho Listener Service .....................................................................50 Bc 6: Kt thc cu hnh Listener Service.................................................................52 Bc 7: Chn cu hnh ci t Net Service ..................................................................52 Bc 8: Thm mi Net Service ........................................................................................53 Bc 9 : Nhp tn ca Net Service .................................................................................54 Bc 10: Chn phng thc mng ................................................................................55 Bc 11: Nhp Host v Port cho Net Service...............................................................55 Bc 12: Kim tra kt ni database ...............................................................................56 Bc 13a: Nhp tn cho Net service tip theo ..............................................................57 Bc 13b: La chn c to Net service khc khng ...................................................58 Bc 14a: Kt thc qu trnh ci t .............................................................................58 Bc 14b: Kt thc qu trnh c u hnh Listener service v Net service................59 III. Ci t Database ......................................................................................................................60 Bc 1: Chn chc nng Database Configuration Assistant ...................................60 Bc 2: Chn cng vic cn lm .....................................................................................60 Bc 3: Chn Template to database ......................................................................61 Bc 4: Tn ca database .................................................................................................62 Bc 6: Nhp password cho cc user mc nh ca Oracle. ....................................64 Bc 7: Chn c ch lu tr l file hay ASM(Oracle t qun l). ........................65 Bc 8: Chn ni lu tr cc file ca database ..........................................................65 Bc 9: Chn kiu Recovery d liu. ........................................................................67 Bc 11: Cu hnh cc thng s database ....................................................................68 Bc 12: Xem vng lu tr ca database .....................................................................72 Bc 13: To database ......................................................................................................73

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VI. To user v TableSpace ca h thng .................................................................................76 V. Chuyn i d liu ...................................................................................................................83

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Chng I: TNG QUAN V C S D LIU 1. C s d liu Ni chung, d liu bao gm nhng thng tin phn nh thc ti. Mt phn loi ln ca cc thng tin quan trng trong thc tin l cc o c hay quan st v mt i lng bin i. Cc thng tin c th bao gm cc s, t hoc hnh nh. C s d liu c hiu theo cch nh ngha kiu k thut th n l mt tp hp thng tin c cu trc. Tuy nhin, thut ng ny thng dng trong cng ngh thng tin v n thng c hiu r hn di dng mt tp hp lin kt cc d liu, thng ln lu trn mt thit b lu tr nh a hay bng. D liu ny c duy tr di dng m t tp hp cc tp tin trong h iu hnh hay c lu tr trong cc h qun tr c s d liu. C s d liu gim s trng lp thng tin xung mc thp nht. Do m bo thng tin c tnh nht qun v ton vn d liu. - m bo d liu c th c truy sut theo nhiu cch khc nhau - Nhiu ngi c th s dng mt c s d liu. 2. H qun tr c s d liu 2.1. nh ngha - H qun tr c s d liu (Database Management System - DBMS): L mt h thng phn mm cho php to lp c s d liu v iu khin mi truy nhp i vi c s d liu . Trn th trng phn mm hin nay Vit Nam xut hin kh nhiu phn mm h qun tr c s d liu nh: Microsoft Access, Foxpro, DB2, SQL Server, Oracle,.v.v - H qun tr c s d liu quan h (Relation Database ManagementSystem - RDBMS) l mt h qun tr c s d liu theo m hnh quan h. 2.2. Cc kh nng ca h qun tr CSDL C hai kh nng chnh cho php phn bit cc h qun tr c s d liu vi cc kiu h thng lp trnh khc: Kh nng qun l d liu tn ti lu di: c im ny ch ra rng c mt c s d liu tn ti trong mt thi gian di, ni dung ca c s d liu ny l cc d liu m h qun tr CSDL truy nhp v qun l. Kh nng truy nhp cc khi lng d liu ln mt cch hiu qu. Ngoi hai kh nng c bn trn, h qun tr CSDL cn c cc kh nng khc m c th thy trong hu ht cc h qun tr CSDL l:

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H tr t nht mt m hnh d liu hay mt s tru tng ton hc m qua ngi s dng c th quan st d liu. m bo tnh c lp d liu hay s bt bin ca chng trnh ng dng i vi cc thay i v cu trc trong m hnh d liu. H tr cc ngn ng cao cp nht nh cho php ngi s dng nh ngha cu trc d liu, truy nhp d liu v thao tc d liu. Qun l giao dch, c ngha l kh nng cung cp cc truy nhp ng thi, ng n i vi CSDL t nhiu ngi s dng ti cng mt thi im. iu khin truy nhp, c ngha l kh nng hn ch truy nhp n cc d liu bi nhng ngi s dng khng c cp php v kh nng kim tra tnh ng n ca CSDL. Phc hi d liu, c ngha l c kh nng phc hi d liu, khng lm mt mt d liu vi cc li h thng. 2.3. c im ca mt h qun tr CSDL 2.3.1. S tru tng ho d liu cho h thng c th s dng c, h qun tr CSDL phi tra cu hay tm kim d liu mt cch c hiu qu. iu ny dn n vic thit k cc cu trc d liu phc tp biu din d liu trong CSDL ny. Ngi pht trin che du tnh phc tp ny thng qua mt s mc tru tng n gin ho cc tng tc ca ngi s dng i vi h thng.

Hnh 1.1. Ba mc tru tng d liu

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Mc vt l: Mc thp nht ca s tru tng m t d liu c lu tr mt cch thc s nh th no. Ti mc vt l, cc cu trc d liu mc thp phc tp c m t chi tit. Mc logic: Mc cao tip theo ca s tru tng ho m t nhng d liu no c lu tr v cc mi quan h no tn ti gia cc d liu ny. Mc logic ca s tru tng c xc nh ngi qun tr CSDL, c th phi quyt nh nhng thng tin g c lu tr trong CSDL. Mc khung nhn: Mc cao nht ca s tru tng m t ch mt phn ca ton b CSDL. Mc d s dng cc cu trc n gin mc logic, mt s phc tp vn cn tn ti do kch thc ln ca CSDL. Thc cht nhng ngi s dng ch cn truy nhp n mt phn CSDL, do vy s tng tc ca h vi h thng ny l n gin ho v mc khung nhn ca s tru tng c xc nh. H thng c th c cung cp nhiu khung nhn i vi cng mt c s d liu. 2.3.2. Ngn ng c s d liu Mt h qun tr c s d liu thng cung cp hai kiu ngn ng khc nhau l: ngn ng m t s c s d liu v ngn ng biu din cc truy vn v cc cp nht c s d liu. - Ngn ng nh ngha d liu (Data Definition Language - DDL) Mt s CSDL c t bi mt tp cc nh ngha c biu din bi mt ngn ng c bit c gi l ngn ng nh ngha d liu. Kt qu ca vic dch cc ngn ng ny l mt tp cc bng c lu tr trong mt tp c bit c gi l t in d liu hay th mc d liu. Mt t in d liu l mt tp cha cc siu d liu c ngha l cc d liu v d liu. Tp ny c tra cu trc khi d liu thc s c c hay c sa i trong h CSDL. Cu trc v cc phng php truy nhp c s dng bi h CSDL c c t bi mt tp cc nh ngha trong mt kiu c bit ca DDL l ngn ng nh ngha v lu tr d liu. - Ngn ng thao tc d liu (Data Manipulation Language - DML): + Cc yu cu v thao tc d liu bao gm: Tm kim thng tin c lu tr trong CSDL. Thm thng tin mi vo CSDL. Xo thng tin t CSDL.
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Thay i thng tin c lu tr trong CSDL. + Mt ngn ng thao tc d liu (DML) l mt ngn ng cho php ngi s dng truy nhp hay thao tc d liu c t chc bi m hnh d liu thch hp. C hai kiu ngn ng thao tc d liu c bn: Cc DML th tc i hi ngi s dng phi c t d liu no cn tm kim v tm kim nhng d liu ny nh th no. Cc DML phi th tc i hi ngi s dng c t d liu no cn tm kim m khng phi c t tm kim nhng d liu ny nh th no. 2.3.3. X l cu hi Cng vic ca b x l cu hi l bin i mt truy vn hay mt thao tc CSDL c th c biu din cc mc cao thnh mt dy cc yu cu i vi cc d liu lu tr trong CSDL. Thng phn kh nht ca nhim v x l cu hi l ti u ho cu hi, c ngha l la chn mt k hoch tt nht i vi h thng lu tr tr li truy vn ny nhanh nht. 2.3.4. Qun tr giao dch Thng thng mt s thao tc trn CSDL hnh thnh mt n v logic cng vic. iu ny c ngha l hoc tt c cc thao tc c thc hin hoc khng thao tc no c thc hin. Hn na s thc hin cc thao tc ny phi m bo tnh nht qun ca CSDL. Mt giao dch l mt tp hp cc thao tc m x l nh mt n v khng chia ct c. Cc h qun tr CSDL in hnh cho php ngi s dng mt hay nhiu nhm thao tc tra cu hay thay i CSDL thnh mt giao dch. 2.3.5. Qun l lu tr Cc CSDL thng i hi mt khi lng ln khng gian lu tr. Do b nh chnh ca my tnh khng th lu tr nhiu thng tin nh vy, cc thong tin ny c lu tr cc thit b nh ngoi nh a cng, a mm,.v.v Khi x l, d liu cn phi c di chuyn t a t vo b nh chnh; s di chuyn ny l kh chm so vi tc x l ca b nh trung tm, do vy cc h CSDL phi t d liu vt l sao cho tt, ti thiu ho s yu cu chuyn d liu gia a t vo b nh chnh. 2.4. Kin trc ca mt h qun tr CSDL Chng ta s phc tho kin trc v thy cch thc ca mt h qun tr CSDL in hnh. Ta c s kin trc hnh 1.2:

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Hnh 1.2. Cc thnh phn chnh ca h qun tr CSDL - D liu, siu d liu: y kit trc l thit b nh ngoi lu tr d liu v siu d liu. Trong phn ny khng ch cha d liu c tr trong CSDL m cha c cc siu d liu, tc l thng tin cu trc ca CSDL. V d: Trong h qun tr c s d liu quan h, cc siu d liu bao gm cc tn ca cc quan h, tn cc thuc tnh ca cc quan h, v cc kiu d liu i vi cc thuc tnh ny. - B qun l lu tr: Nhim v ca b qun l lu tr l ly ra cc thng tin c yu cu t nhng thit b lu tr d liu v thay i nhng thng tin ny khi c yu cu bi cc mc trn n ca h thng. - B x l cu hi: B x l cu hi iu khin khng ch cc cu hi m c cc yu cu thay i d liu hay siu d liu. Nhim v ca n l tm ra cch tt nht mt thao tc c yu cu v pht ra lnh i vi b qun l lu tr v thc thi thao tc . - B qun tr giao dch: B qun tr giao dch c trch nhim m bo tnh ton vn ca h thng. N phi m bo rng mt s thao tc thc hin ng thi khng cn tr mi thao tc khc v h thng khng mt d liu thm ch c khi li h thng xy ra. N tng tc vi b x l cu hi, do vy n phi bit d liu no c thao tc bi cc thao tc hin thi trnh s ng gia cc thao tc v cn thit n c th lm tr mt s truy vn nht nh hay mt s thao tc cp nht ng khng th xy ra. N tng tc vi b qun l lu tr bi v cc s i vi vic bo v d liu thng ko theo vic lu tr mt nht k cc thay i i vi d liu. Hn na, vic sp th t cc thao tc mt cch thc s c nht k ny s cha trong mt bn ghi i vi mi thay i khi gp li h thng, cc thay i cha c ghi vo a c th c thc hin li.
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- Cc kiu thao tc i vi h qun tr CSDL: Ti nh kin trc, ta thy c 3 kiu thao tc: Cc truy vn: y l cc thao tc hi p v d liu c lu tr trong CSDL. Chng c sinh ra theo hai cch sau: Thng qua giao din truy vn chung. V d: H qun tr CSDL quan h cho php ngi s dng nhp cc cu lnh truy vn SQL m n c chuyn qua b x l cu hi v c tr li. Thng qua cc giao din chng trnh ng dng: Mt h qun tr CSDL in hnh cho php ngi lp trnh vit cc chng trnh ng dng gi n h qun tr CSDL ny v truy vn CSDL. Cc cp nht d liu: y l cc thao tc thay i d liu nh xo, sa d liu trong CSDL. Ging nh cc truy vn, chng c th c pht ra thng qua giao din chung hoc thng qua giao din ca chng trnh. Cc thay i s : Cc lnh ny thng c pht bi mt ngi s dng c cp php, thng l nhng ngi qun tr CSDL mi c php thay i s ca CSDL hay to lp mt CSDL mi. 2.5. Cc chc nng ca h qun tr CSDL quan h 2.5.1. Cc khi nim trong m hnh d liu quan h - Min (domain): l mt tp cc gi tr hoc cc i tng. - Thc th: Thc th l mt i tng c th hay tru tng trong th gii thc m n tn ti v c th phn bit c vi cc i tng khc. V d: Bn Nguyn Vn A l mt thc th c th. Hay Sinh vin cng l mt thc th, thc th tru tng. - Thuc tnh (Attribute): L tnh cht ca thc th. + Cc thc th c cc c tnh, c gi l cc thuc tnh. N kt hp vi mt thc th trong tp thc th t min gi tr ca thuc tnh. Thng thng, min gi tr ca mt thuc tnh l mt tp cc s nguyn, cc s thc, hay cc xu k t. + Mt thuc tnh hay mt tp thuc tnh m gi tr ca n xc nh duy nht mi thc th trong tp cc thc th c gi l kho i vi tp thc th ny. + Mi mt thuc tnh nhn tp s cc gi tr nht nh c gi l domain ca thuc tnh . - Mt quan h (Relation): nh ngha mt cch n gin, mt quan h l mt bng d liu c cc ct l cc thuc tnh v cc hng l cc b d liu c th ca quan h.
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- Cc lin kt: Mt lin kt l mt s kt hp gia mt s thc th (hay quan h). V d: Mi lin kt gia phng ban v nhn vin th hin: Mt nhnvin A s thuc mt phng ban B no . + Cc lin kt mt mt: y l dng lin kt n gin, lin kt trn hai thc th l mt mt, c ngha l mi thc th trong tp thc th ny c nhiu nht mt thc th trong tp thc th kia kt hp vi n v ngc li. + Cc lin kt mt nhiu: Trong mt lin kt mt nhiu, mt thc th trong tp thc th A c kt hp vi khng hay nhiu thc th trong tp thc th B. Nhng mi thc th trong tp thc th B c kt hp vi nhiu nht mt thc th trong tp thc th A. + Cc lin kt nhiu nhiu: y l dng lin kt m mi thc th trong tp thc th ny c th lin kt vi khng hay nhiu thc th trong tp thc th kia v ngc li. V d: Cc mi lin kt gia cc thc th: LOP(MaLop, TenLop, Khoa), SINHVIEN(MaSV, Hoten, NgSinh, MaLop), MONHOC(MaMon, TenM, SDVHT) v KETQUA (MaSV, MaMon, Diem) Ta c mi quan h gia cc thc th l:

- M hnh d liu quan h: Lm vic trn bng hay trn quan h trong : Mi ct l mt thuc tnh, mi dng l mt b (mt bn ghi). + Cc u im ca m hnh d liu quan h Cu trc d liu d dng, khng cn hiu bit su v k thut ci t. Ci thin tnh c lp d liu v chng trnh. Cung cp ngn ng thao tc phi th tc. Ti u ho cch truy xut d liu. Tng tnh bo mt v ton vn d liu. Cung cp cc phng php thit k c h thng. V m ra cho nhiu loi ng dng (ln v nh).

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+ Kho ca quan h: Kho ca quan h (key): L tp cc thuc tnh dng phn bit hai b bt k trong quan h. Kho ngoi ca quan h (Foreign Key): Mt thuc tnh c gi l kho ngoi ca quan h nu n l thuc tnh khng kho ca quan h ny nhng l thuc tnh kho ca quan h khc. Chng 2: CC CU LNH SQL C BN Ngn ng SQL (Structured Query Language) l ngn ng truy vn c cu trc, dng thao tc vi d liu trong c s d liu cng nh to v thay i cu trc ca cc c s d liu. Trong chng ny ta s trnh by mt s cu lnh SQL c bn. 1. Gii thiu cc thnh phn, kiu d liu 1.1 Mt s thnh phn Tables: (cc bng) l cc i tng cha cc kiu d liu v d liu th thc s. C th c nhiu kiu d liu ging nhau trong mt bng. Columns (cc ct) l cc phn ca bng ang cha d liu. Cc ct phi c gn mt kiu d liu v tn l duy nht. V d: Lop: l trng kiu k t c di 50, Soluong: l trng l kiu s nguyn. Do: l trng kiu logic ch c hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, ngayCN: l trng kiu d liu ngy thng. Stored Procedure: (th tc thng tr - th tc lu tr) ging nh cc macro, trong cc on m lnh transact SQL c th vit v lu tr mang mt tn. Ghi ch: chng ta c th hiu Store procedure ging nh hm hay th tc trong cc ngn ng lp trnh. User-definitions(cc hm do ngi dng nh ngha) rt ging vi cc m lnh ca stored procedure. Triggers: (cc by li) l cc th tc lu tr kch hot trc hoc sau khi b sung, sa cha hoc xo d liu ra khi CSDL.Trigger: l mt dng c bit ca stored procedure dng phn hi mt s kin c th. Trigger gm mt on m c gn vo bng d liu. Trigger t ng thc hin khi c s kin sy ra tng ng vi trigger c gn cho s kin (stored procedure: c gi khi cn) Trigger khng s dng hai c tnh ca stored procedure l tham s v gi tr tr v. V l t ng chy nn chng ta phi cn thn khi dng. (c th gy ra phin toi trong lc thc thi) Views: (cc khung nhn - bng o) v c bn l cc truy vn lu tr trong CSDL c th tham chiu ti mt hoc nhiu bng. Khng th hin ct no trong bng hoc lin kt hai hoc nhiu bng khc nhau. Chng ta c th s dng Views lm k thut an ton d liu.

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1.2 Kiu d liu (Data Type) Data Type: (kiu d liu) l cc kiu lu tr c bn v d liu. Mi kiu d liu ch c gn cho mt ct trong bng. V d: Int: kiu s nguyn Bit: kiu logic Varchar: kiu xu k t SQL server 2000 Enterprise Mt s kiu d liu Cc trng vn bn : (trng k t hay trng s v ch ci): chp nhn bt k chui k t s v ch ci no khng c s dng trong cc php ton. Cc trng vn bn cng thng lu tr cc khon mc bao gm cc con s SQL server 2000 Enterprise Cc trng s : lu tr cc d liu s thun ty. Cc con s trong mt trng s c th i din cho tin t, cc phn trm, cc s liu thng k, cc I lng, hoc bt k gi tr no khc vn c th c s dng (nhng khng nht thit) trong cc php ton. Cc trng ngy hoc trng thi gian : lu tr cc khon mc ngy thng hoc thi gian. Kiu trng ny chuyn i mt khon mc ngy thng hoc thi gian 2. Cc cu lnh SQL 2.1. Cc cu lnh nh ngha d liu 2.1.1. Lnh CREATE - ngha: Lnh CREATE dng to cc i tng c s d liu nh cc bng, cc view, cc tp ch s .v.v - C php: + CREATE TABLE <Tn <iu_kin_kim_sot_dl >) bng>(<Danh sch: Tn_ct Kiu_ct>

+ CREATE VIEW <Tn View>(<Danh sch: Tn_ct Kiu_ct> <iu_kin_kim_sot_dl >) AS Q; vi Q l mt khi cu lnh SELECT nh ngha khung nhn (view). + CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX <tn ch s> ON <Ten bng>(Tn ct [ASC|DESC]) - Mt s kiu d liu: Integer - s nguyn; float- du phy ng; char - k t, datetime- ngy thng, boolean, V d. S dng cu lnh CREATE.

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+ CREATE TABLE S (S# Integer NOT NULL, SNAME Char(30), STATUS Integer, CITY Char(50) PRIMARY KEY (S#)); + CREATE VIEW vieS (S# Integer NOT NULL, SNAME SNAME FROM S); Char(30)) AS SELECT S#,

+ CREATE TABLE PHONGBAN (MaPB Char(5) NOT NULL, TenPB Char(30) PRIMARY KEY (MaPB)); + CREATE TABLE NHANVIEN (MaNV Char(5) NOT NULL, TenNV Char(3 0), Ngaysinh date, MaPB Char(5) PRIMARY KEY (MaNV) FOREIGN KEY (MaPB) REFERENCES TO PHONGBAN); + CREATE INDEX index1 ON SP(S# ASC, P# DESC) 2.1.2. Lnh thay th sa i ALTER - ngha: Dng thay i cu trc lc ca cc i tng CSDL. - C php: + ALTER TABLE <Tn bng> <Thc hin cc lnh trn ct> Cc lnh trn ct c th l: Xa mt ct: Delete <tn ct> Thm mt ct: Add <Tn ct> Thay i tn ct: Change column <Tn ct>To<Tn ct> Xa kha chnh: Drop PRIMARY KEY Xa kha ngoi: Drop FOREIGN KEY Thit lp kha chnh: PRIMARY KEY (Tn ct) Thit lp kha ngoi: FOREIGN KEY (Tn ct) REFERENCES TO <tn bng ngoi> + ALTER VIEW <Tn View>(<Danh sch: Tn_ct Kiu_ct> <iu_kin_kim_sot_dl >) AS Q; vi Q l mt khi cu lnh SELECT nh ngha khung nhn (view). V d. Thay i cu trc ca bng NHANVIEN ALTER TABLE NHANVIEN Add Quequan char(50); ALTER TABLE NHANVIEN Delete Ngaysinh; V d: Thay i khung nhn vieS CREATE VIEW vieS AS SELECT S#, SNAME, CITY FROM S

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2.1.3. Xo cu trc DROP - ngha: Dng xa cc i tng c s d liu nh Table, View, Index, .v.v - C php: DROP TABLE <Tn bng> DROP VIEW <Tn view> DROP INDEX <Tn index> 2.2. Cc cu lnh cp nht d liu 2.2.1. Lnh Insert - ngha: Dng chn mt hng hoc mt s hng cho bng. - C php: + INSERT INTO <Tn bng> (Danh sch cc ct) VALUES (Danh sch cc gi tr) hoc + INSERT INTO <Tn bng> (Danh sch cc ct) (Cc cu hi con); V d. Chn d liu vo bng S. INSERT INTO S (S#, SNAME, STATUS) VALUES (s1, Smith, 20, Paris); INSERT INTO S SELECT * FROM W WHERE CITY="Paris"; 2.2.2. Lnh Update - ngha: Dng sa i d liu. - C php: UPDATE <Tn bng> SET <Tn_ct_1=Biu_thc_1, Tn_ct_2=Biu_thc_2, > [WHERE <iu kin>] V d: S dng lnh Update UPDATE SINHVIEN SET TenSV="Nguyn Th Hnh" Where MaSV="20042390" UPDATE HangHoa SET Dongia=Dongia*1.1 Where TenHH IS LIKE 'Bia %' and Dongia<3500 2.2.2. Lnh Delete - ngha: Xo mt s hng trong bng.
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- C php: DELETE FROM <Tn bng> WHERE <iu kin> V d: Xo tt c cc hng trong bng KETQUA c trng Diem<5 DELETE FROM KETQUA WHERE Diem<5; 2.3. Kim sot d liu 2.3.1. Trao quyn GRANT - ngha: Dng trao quyn cho mt acount no . - C php: GRANT <Quyn> ON <Tn bng/ Tn View> TO <user> [WITH GRANT OPITION] Cc quyn c th trao l: All, Select, update, delete, insert, index, alter, read, write, User c th l: Public, tn mt user c th, - Ch : Nu c trao quyn vi ch nh WITH GRANT OPITION th anh ta c th trao li quyn y cho ngi khc. V d. Trao quyn Select cho acount Lannt GRANT Select ON SINHVIEN TO Lannt WITH GRANT OPITION 2.3.2. Thu hi quyn REVOTE - ngha: Dng thu hi quyn ca mt acount no . - C php: REVOTE <Quyn> ON <Tn bng/ Tn View> FROM <user> V d: Thu hi quyn Select ca acount Lannt REVOTE Select ON SINHVIEN FROM Lannt; 2.4. Tuy vn d liu Khi cu lnh ph dng: SELECT - FROM WHERE. Ta c th s dng theo c php chung nh sau: SELECT [*| DISTINCT] <Danh sch cc ct [AS <B danh>]> FROM <Danh sch Tn bng/Tn View> [WHERE <Biu thc iu kin>] [GROUP BY <Danh sch ct>] [HAVING <iu kin>] [ORDER BY <Tn ct/ S th t ct/Biu thc> [ASC/DESC]]
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2.4.1. Tm kim theo cu hi n gin - Tm kim n gin: + Nu xut hin gi tr * ngha l xem ton b cc ct ca bng. Select * From SINHVIEN; + Nu s dng DISTINCT th s ly gi tr i din. Select Distinct S#, P# From SP; - X l xu: dng ton t [NOT] LIKE <Mu so snh> + Dng du gch di thay cho mt k t. + Dng du % thay cho mt dy cc k t tu . V d Cho bng h s sinh vin HOSOSV(MaSV, Hodem, TenSV, Ngaysinh, MaLop). Hy cho bit m v h tn sinh vin c hai ch u l 'Ba' Select MaSV, Hodem+TenSV as Hoten From HOSOSVWhere TenSV like 'Ba%' V d Cho bng h s sinh vin HOSOSV(MaSV, Hodem, TenSV, Ngaysinh, MaLop). Hy cho bit m v h tn sinh vin c khng c hai ch u l 'Ba' Select MaSV, Hodem+TenSV as Hoten From HOSOSV Where TenSV like 'Ba%' - S dng Between v IN xc nh phm vi: V d. Cho bng thng tin sch mn SACHMUON(MaBD, MaSach, NgayMuon, NgayTra). Hy cho bit m cc bn c mn sch ca th vin trong khong ngy {1/1/2008} v {31/3/2008} Select MaBanoc From SACHMUON Where NgayMuon Between {1/1/2000} and {31/3/2000} 2.4.2. S dng cc hm th vin Cc hm th vin thc hin cc thao tc nh thng k d liu, tnh ton d liu c sn nh: Count(): Dng m cc bng ghi, Max(): Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp hp cc gi tr, Min(): Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp hp cc gi tr, Sum(): Tr v tng gi tr ca mt tp hp cc gi tr, Avg():Tr v gi tr trung bnh ca mt tp hp cc gi tr,
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V d: Cho bng DIEM(MaSV, MaMH, DiemL1, DiemL2). Hy xem sinh vin c m SV061001 tham gia thi bao nhiu mn: Select Count(MaMH) AS Tongso From DIEM where MaSV='SV061001'; V d: Cho bit im thi cao nht ln 1 ca mn c m '03AB' Select Max(DiemL1) as DiemCN From DIEM Where MaMH='03AB'; V d. Cho bit chnh lnh gia im thi cao nht v thp nht ca mn c m mn hc l '03AB' Select (Max(DiemL1) - Min (DiemL1)) As Chenh_Lenh From DIEM where MaMT='03AB'; 2.4.3. Tm kim nh cc mnh - S dng phn nhm GROUP BY: Mnh GROUP BY c s dng to hiu qu sp xp v tnh ton theo tng phn nhm. V d. Cho bit tnh hnh thi ca tng sinh vin: Select MaSV, MaMH, DiemL1, DiemL2 From DIEM Group By MaSV - S dng HAVING: Mnh HAVING dng t iu kin lc cho cc phn nhm con. V d. Cho bng mt hng c cung cp SP(S#, P#, QTY). Tm m nhng nh cung cp cung cp t nht 2 mt hng: Select S# From SP Group By S# Having Count(Distinct P#)>=2; V d Tm m cc sinh vin khng c mn thi no di 5 Select MaSV From DIEM Group By MaSV Having Min(Diem)>=5;

* Ch : Having i sau Group By t iu kin chn lc ra nhng phn nhm tho mn iu kin sau Having. Nu khng c t kho Group By th Having s tc ng trn ton bng coi nh mt phn nhm duy nht.

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- S dng Order By: c s dng to hiu qu sp xp d liu. Ta c th sp xp theo chiu tng (ASC) hoc gim (DESC). + Ta c th tc ng sp xp li trn tng phn nhm bi Order By. V d. Cho bit tnh hnh thi ln 1 ca mi sinh vin sao cho kt qu im thi c sp xp gim dn. SELECT MaSV, MaMT, iemL1 GROUP BY MaSV ORDER BY Diem DESC * Ch : Tng t HAVING, nu trc Order by khng c Group By th hiu qu sp xp d liu s tc ng trn ton bng v bng c coi nh mt phn nhm chnh.

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Chng 3: H QUN TR C S D LIU SQL SERVER 1. Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu 1.1. Gii thiu h qun tr SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (Relation Database Management System - RDBMS), cung cp cch t chc d liu bng cch lu chng vo cc bng. D liu quan h c lu tr trong cc bng v cc quan h c nh ngha gia cc bng vi nhau. Ngi dng truy cp d liu trn Server thng qua ng dng. Ngi qun tr CSDL truy cp Server trc tip thc hin cc chc nng cu hnh, qun tr v thc hin cc thao tc bo tr CSDL. Ngoi ra, SQL Server l mt CSDL c kh nng m rng, ngha l chng c th lu mt lng ln d liu v h tr tnh nng cho php nhiu ngi dng truy cp d liu ng thi. Cc phin bn ca SQL Server ph bin hin ny trn th trng l SQLServer 7.0, SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008. Trong gio trnh ny, tc gi gii thiu vi cc bn trn hai phin bn SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005. 1.2.Cc thnh phn ca SQL Server 1.2.1. Cc thnh phn ca SQL Server 2000 SQL Server cung cp mt s loi thnh phn khc nhau: Nhn ca n l cc thnh phn server, cc thnh phn ny c thc hin nh windows 32 bit. Cc cng c ha da trn client v cc dng tin ch phc v cho cng tc qun tr. Cc cng c v tin ch ny s dng s dng cc thnh phn giao tip client do SQL Server 2000 cung cp. Cc thnh phn giao tip cung cp cc cch khc nhau m trong ng dng client c th truy cp d liu thng qua cc thnh phn server. a) Cc thnh phn server Cc thnh phn server ca SQL Server 2000 thng c thc hin nh cc dch v Windows 32 bit. Do cc dch v ca SQL Server v SQL Server Agent c th chy nh cc ng dng c lp trn bt k nn tng no c h tr h iu hnh Windows. Cc thnh phn Server c m t trong bng 3.1:

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Bng 3.1. Cc thnh phn server ca SQL Server 2000

SQL Server 2000 cung cp cc giao din ha gip cho ngi s dng s dng cc dch v ca SQL Server 2000 (Hnh 3.1. v Bng 3.2).

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Hnh 3.1. Cc giao din ha ca SQL Server 2000. Bng 3.2 Cc cng c giao din ha ca SQL Server 2000.

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b) Cc thnh phn giao tip Client. Ngi dng truy cp SQL Server 2000 thng qua cc ng dng client, SQL Server 2000 cung cp hai kiu ng dng client chnh: Cc ng dng CSDL quan h, l kiu ng dng truyn thng dng mi trng client/server 2 lp. Cc ng dng ny gi cc pht biu T-SQL n c my CSDL quan h v nhn kt qu tr v nh tp kt qu quan h. Cc ng dng Internet, chng l thnh phn ca nn tng Microsoft.NET. Chng gi cc pht biu T-SQL hoc cc truy vn Xpath ti c my CSDL quan h v nhn v kt qu dng XML. Cc tin ch dng lnh thng c s dng do SQL Server 2000 cung cp cho trong bng 3.3.

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1.2.2. Cc thnh phn ca SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2005 nng cao hiu nng, tin cy, kh nng lp trnh n gin v giao din d s dng hn so vi SQL Server 2000. SQL Server 2005 tp trung vo kh nng x l giao dch trc tuyn (online transaction processing - OLTP), ng dng thng mi in t (eecommerce) v kho d liu (data warehousing). Ngoi ra nhng ci tin quan trng trong SQL Server 2005 l thm cc dch v mi nh: dch v bo co (reporting service), service broker v s thay i ng k trong c my c s d liu. a) Cc phin bn ca SQL Server 2005: Trc khi i vo cc thnh phn ca SQL Server 2005, ta xt cc phin bn ca SQL Server 2005. SQL Server 2005 c s dng rng ri cho nhiu i tng khc nhau nn Microsoft cung cp nhiu phin bn khc nhau cho ph hp vi cc yu cu v chi ph, thi gian thc hin, ca cc t chc, c nhn. Nm phin bn ca SQL Server 2005 l: + Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition + Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition + Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Edition + Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition + Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Hu ht cc t chc u chn trong ba phin bn SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition, SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition, v SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Edition. Cc t chc chn mt trong ba phin bn ny vi l do l ch c cc phin bn Enterprise, Standard, v Workgroup c ci t v s dng trong mi trng server phc v cho hot ng thc t. + SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition (32-bit v 64-bit) Enterprise Edition c s dng trong cc doanh nghip, t chc c cc mc yu cu x l giao dch trc tuyn trn din rng (online transaction processing - OLTP), kh nng phn tch d liu phc tp cao, h thng kho d liu (data warehousing systems) v web sites. Enterprise Edition ph hp cho cc t chc ln v cc yu cu phc tp.

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+ SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition (32-bit v 64-bit) Standard Edition l phin bn phc v cho vic qun tr v phn tch d liu ph hp cho cc doanh nghip, t chc va v nh. N bao gm cc gii php cn thit cho thng mi in t (e-commerce), kho d liu (data warehousing) v dng doanh nghip (line-of-business). + SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Edition (32-bit only) Workgroup Edition l gii php qun tr d liu ph hp cho cc doanh nghip, t chc nh ch cn mt c s d liu khng gii hn kch thc hoc s ngi s dng. Workgroup Edition l l tng cho cc mc c s d liu tin cy, mnh m v d qun tr. + SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition (32-bit v 64-bit) Developer Edition c tt c cc tnh nng ca phin bn SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition, nhng n ch l phin bn s dng cho pht trin v kim tra ng dng. Phin bn ny ph hp cho cc c nhn, t chc xy dng v kim tra ng dng. + SQL Server 2005 Express Edition (32-bit only) SQL Server Express, d s dng v qun tr c s d liu n gin. c tch hp vi Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, SQL Server Express tr nn d dng pht trin cc ng dng d liu giu kh nng, an ton trong lu tr, v nhanh chng trin khai. SQL Server Express l phin bn min ph, c th dng nh mt c s d liu my khch hoc c s d liu my ch n gin. SQLServer Express l la chn tt cho nhng ngi dng ch cn mt phin bn SQL Server 2005 nh gn, dng trn my ch c cu hnh thp, nhng nh pht trin ng dng khng chuyn hay nhng ngi yu thch xy dng cc ng dng nh. b) Cc thnh phn Server ca SQL Server 2005: Cc thnh phn server ca SQL Server 2005 c cho trong bng 3.4. Bng 3.4 Cc thnh phn server ca SQL Server 2005.

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c) Cc thnh phn Client Bng 3.5 Cc thnh phn client ca SQL Server 2005.

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c) Cc cng c ha Cc cng c giao din ha gip cho vic truy xut v qun tr SQL Server c thay i kh nhiu so vi cc phin bn trc , cc cng c qun tr c cho trong bng 3.6. v hnh 3.2.

Bng 3.5 Cc cng c qun tr trn SQL Server 2005.

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1.3. Qun l cc dch v ca SQL Server 1.3.1. Qun l cc dch v ca SQL Server 2000 a) S dng SQL Server Service Manager Dch v l mt chng trnh hay mt tin trnh thc hin mt chc nng c th h tr chng trnh khc. SQL Server 2000 cung cp cc dch v: Dch v SQL Server: Khi khi ng SQL Server th dch v SQL Server c khi ng trn Windows. Dch v ny qun l cc tp tin CSDL, x l cc pht biu Transaction SQL, cp pht ti nguyn gia cc kt ni ngi dng ng thi, m bo tnh nht qun d liu,.v.v

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Dch v SQL Server Agent: Dch v ny h tr lp cc chng trnh, thc thi tc v, cnh bo, thng bo v k hoch bo tr CSDL. N cho php ta thc hin t ng ha cc tc v bo tr CSDL. Dch v Distributed Transaction Coordinator: L trnh qun l giao dch cung cp cc kh nng bao gm nhiu ngun d liu khc nhau k c cc CSDL t xa trong cc giao dch ng dng. Khi ng hoc dng cc dch v SQL Server s dng trnh SQL Server Service Manager thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Vo start/Programs/Microsoft SQL Server/Service Manager; Hoc di gc phi ca mn hnh trn thanh task bar h thng ca windows, doubleclick vo biu tng Service Manager. Khi ca s SQL Server Service Manager xut hin nh hnh 3.3.

Hnh 3.3. ng dng SQL Server Service Manager 2. Trong danh sch Server chn tn server v danh sch Service chn dch v SQL Server. 3. Click nt Start/Continue khi chy dch v; Click nt Pause tm dng dch v, tm dng dch v ngn chn ngi dng ng nhp vo SQL Server v c thi gian cho ngi dng ang kt ni c thi gian hon tt cc tc v v thot khi SQL Server trc khi ta ng SQL Server; Click vo nt Stop dng dch v. 4. Trong khi chy Service Manager, trng thi hin th ca cc dch v c mc nh l 5giy, thay i thay i thi gian cp nht, ta click chut vo biu tng gc trn bn tri ca SQL Server Service Manager, chn Options xut hin hp thoi SQL Server Service Manager Options nhpvo khong thi gian kim sot vng mi cho cc dch v, chng hn l 10 (Hnh 3.4).

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Hnh 3.4. SQL Server Service Manager Options b) S dng Enterprise Manager Enterprise Manager l thnh phn Microsoft Management Console (MMC). MMC l ng dng trung tm dng qun l tt c cc giao tip ca h thng. N cho php thc hin cc tc v sau: + Khi ng, dng, tm dng Server. + ng k server, + Cu hnh server cc b v t xa + Cu hnh v qun l cc th hin ca server, + Thit lp bo mt ng nhp, thm ngi dng, ngi qun tr h thng. + Gn mt khu cho ngi qun tr h thng, + To v lp thi gian biu thc thi cng vic, + Thit lp v qun l CSDL, bng, ch mc, view, stored proceduce, trigger, + Qun l cc dch v SQL server khc, * Thay i mt khu mc nh Tt c cc SQL server u c mt ti khon qun tr mc nh sn l sa (system administrator). Lc mi ci ti khon ny cha c gn mt khu. m bo mc bo mt cao nht cho SQL server ta phi gn cho ti khon sa mt mt khu. Khi gn mt khu ta thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Trong Enterprise Manager chn tn server 2. Chn Security/Logins hin th tt c cc ti khon ngi dng. 3. Right click chut ln ti khon sa, v chn Properties, xut hin ca s SQL Server Login Properties nh hnh 3.5.

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Hnh 3.5: Thay i mt khu ti khon sa 4. Nhp mt khu mi vo hp Password sau click OK him h hp thoi Confirm Password. 5. Trong hp thoi Confirm Password nhp li mt khu trn xc nhn li mt khu v chn OK. 1.3.2. Qun l cc dch v ca SQL Server 2005 a) S dng SQL Server Configuration Manager SQL Server Configuration Manager l cng c qun l cc dch v kt hp vi SQL Server, cu hnh cc giao thc mng c s dng bi SQL Server, v qun l cu hnh kt ni mng t cc my tnh trm SQLServer. SQL Server Configuration Manager kt hp cc chc nng ca cc cng c trong phin bn SQL Server 2000 l: Server Network Utility, Client Network Utility, v Service Manager. Khi ng hoc dng cc dch v SQL Server s dng SQL Server Configuration Manager ta thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Vo start/Programs/Microsoft SQL Server 2005/Configuration Tools/SQL Server Configuration Manager, xut hin ca s SQL Server Configuration Manager
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2. Chn SQL Server 2005 Services, trong khu vc chi tit bn phi, right click ln th hin ca SQL Server m ta mun khi chy hoc dng. Gi s SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS) nh hnh 3.6. + Start: Khi chy th hin ca SQL Server + Stop: Dng hot ng ca th hin SQL Server. + Pause: Tm dng hot ng ca th hin SQL Server + Restart: Khi ng li th hin ca SQL Server

Hnh 3.6. Ca s SQL Server Configuration Manager. 3. Mun khi chy t ng dch v SQL Server, trong ca s trn chn Properties. Trong hp thoi SQL Server Properties, chn tab Service v chn thuc tnh Start Mode l Automatic.

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Hnh 3.7. Ca s SQL Server Properties. b) S dng SQL Server Management Studio Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio l mi trng tch hp cho vic truy cp, cu hnh, qun l, qun tr v pht trin tt c cc thnh phn ca SQL Server. SQL Server Management Studio kt hp mt nhm rng ln cc cng c ha giu trnh bin tp (script editors) cung cp cc truy xut n SQL Server pht trin v qun tr tt c cc mc k nng. V c th dng n qun tr SQL Server 2000. SQL Server Management Studio kt hp cc tnh nng ca EnterpriseManager, Query Analyzer, v Analysis Manager trong phin bn trc. Thm vo , SQL Server Management Studio lm vic vi tt c cc thnh phn cu SQL Server nh l: Reporting Services, Integration Services, SQL ServerMobile, v Notification Services. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio bao gm cc tnh nng tng qut sau: + Cung cp hu ht cc tc v qun tr cho SQL Server 2005 v SQL Server 2000. + L mi trng n, tch hp cho vic qun tr v trao quyn SQL Server Database Engine. + Cc hp thoi mi cho vic qun l cc i tng trong SQL Server Database Engine, Analysis Services, Reporting Services, Notification Services, v SQL Server Mobile, cho php ta thc thi cc hnh ng ngay lp tc, gi chng ti Code Editor, hoc to tp lnh cho ln thc thi tip theo.
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+ Cc hp thoi cho php truy cp n nhiu iu khin trong khi hp thoi ang c m. + Lp lch cho php ta thc thi cc hnh ng ca cc hp thoi qun tr. + Export v import ng k server SQL Server Management Studio t mt mi trng Management Studio ny n mi trng khc. + Save hoc in file XML Showplan hoc Deadlock files c sinh bi SQL Server Profiler, xem li, hoc gi chng ti administrators phn tch.v.v truy cp vo SQL Server Management Studio: 1. chy SQL Server Management Studio, trn thanh taskbar, click Start/ Programs/Microsoft SQL Server 2005, v sau click SQL Server Management Studio. 2. Khi khi chy SQL Server Management Studio, mt hp thoi Connect to Server (Hnh 3.8) xut hin. Ta c th chn mt th hin ca Server kt ni hoc khng chn mt th hin no c.

Hnh 3.8. Ca s Connect to Server. + Server type: Chn Database Engine kt ni n c my c s d liu. + Server name: chn hoc nhp tn server + Authentication: Chn ch xc thc l Windows Authentication hoc SQL Server Authentication, nu chn SQL Server Authentication th ta phi cung cp thng tin cho cc mc Login v Password. + Login: Nhp tn ng nhp + Password: Mt khu ca tn ng nhp + Remember password: Ty chn c chn l ng nhp sau khng phi nh mt khu.
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Sau hp thoi Connect to Server cho vo ca s SQL Server Management Studio (Hnh 3.9)

Hnh 3.9. Ca s SQL Server Management Studio. * ng k Server Ca s Registered Servers trong SQL Server Management Studio cha danh sch cc th hin danh sch cc server ng k. Ta s dng ca s Registered Servers nhm mc ch: + Lu thng tin kt ni cho cc th hin ca SQL Server trn mng. + Hin th mt th hin ang chy hay khng + Kt ni ti mt th hin trong ca s Object Explorer hoc Query Editor + Nhm cc server ng k mt th hin ca SQL Server ta thc hin cc bc sau 1. Vo View\chn Registered Servers xut hin ca s Registered Servers hnh 3.10. 2. Chn biu tng kiu th hin mun ng k, theo th t t tri sang phi l Database Engine, Analysis Services, Reporting Services, SQL Server Mobile v Integration Services. Ta chn Database Engine.

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Hnh 3.10. Ca s Registered Servers. 3. Right click ln biu tng hoc vng trng chn New\Server Registration xut hin ca s New Server Registration (Hnh 3.11)

Hnh 3.11. Ca s New Server Registration.

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Trong ca s ny ta thc hin cc la chn sau: + Server Name: Nhp hoc chn tn th hin ca SQL Server t hp danh sch Server Name, c th chn <Browser for more > t tm cc th hin ca SQL Server trn mng. + Authentication: Chn ch xc thc, tng t nh trong ca s Connect to Server. + Registered server name: Tn ca th hin trn ca s Registered Servers. + Nt Test: Dng kim tra xem kt ni c thnh cng hay khng? + Nt Save: Dng lu thng tin ng k. kt ni ti th hin ca SQL Server v hin th n trong ca s Object Explorer hoc to truy vn mi ta thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Trong ca s Registered Servers chn biu tng kiu th hin mun kt ni. Ta chn Database Engine. 2. Right click ln th hin mun kt ni, chn Connect v chn: + New Query: to mt truy vn kt ni ti th hin ny. + Object Explorer: hin th n trong ca s Object Explorer. * Thay i mt khu mc nh Thay i mt khu cho ti khon ng nhp sa ta thc hin theo cc bc nh sau: 1. Trong ca s Object Explorer ca SQL Server Management Studio chn tn th hin ca server 2. Chn Security/Logins hin th tt c cc ti khon ngi dng. 3. Right click chut ln ti khon sa, v chn Properties, xut hin ca s Login Properties nh hnh 3.12.

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Hnh 3.12. Ca s Login Properties. + Trong tab General: Nhp mt khu mi vo hp Password v xc nhn mt khu vo Confirm Password. + Trong tab Status, mc Login chn Enabled cho php c th login vo theo ti khon sa, hoc Disabled khng th login vo theo ti khon sa.

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CHNG 4: CI T V CU HNH H THNG ORACLE

A. CI T MY CH CSDL I. Yu cu v thng s h thng trc khi ci t 1. Kim tra xem my ch ci t CSDL Oracle cha Nu my ch cha ci t phin bn Oracle no th tin hnh ci t bnh thng theo kch bn Nu my ch ci t t nht mt phin bn Oracle th cn thng nht li vi ngi qun tr CSDL ca n v: + Nu h thng CSDL tn ti c th chuyn c sang my ch khc cn yu cu ngi qun tr CSDL ca n v thc hin vic chuyn. Sau xo ht thng tin v CSDL Oracle c, ci t mi theo kch bn. + Nu h thng CSDL tn ti khng th chuyn c sang my ch khc, cn tho thun v tin hnh theo cc cch sau C1: To thm database CMIS2 trn h thng CSDL ny. Yu cu: Phin bn Oracle trn my ch t 10.1.0.2 tr ln. C2: Ci t Oracle 10g ln a khc vi a c CSDL Oracle c. Yu c u: Hai phin bn Oracle l khc nhau, chp nhn vic cc ng dng trn my ch ch c th hiu c mt h thng CSDL, cc my trm kt ni hiu c c hai h thng CSDL. 2. Cc yu cu v h thng trc khi ci t CSDL Tnh ton vng lu tr CSDL CMIS 2.0. + c lng tng i: Vng lu tr CSDL Oracle 10g ci t cn t nht l gp i dung lng CSDL Oracle 9i cha d liu CMIS 1.0. L do l CSDL Oracle 10g trong giai on u cn cha c d liu CMIS 1.0 v d liu CMIS 2.0 c chuyn i sang. Cch d nht l vo th mc ci t c s d liu ca Oracle o dung lng lu tr. V d: Gi s phn lu tr CSDL Oracle ca CMIS 1.0 nm trong th mc G:\ORADATA. Xem thuc tnh ca th mc ny bit c dung lng lu tr + c lng chnh xc: Tnh dung lng lu tr ca CMIS 1.0: S dng Toad, ng nhp vi quyn sys v chy cu lnh sau: SELECT SUM(BYTES) FROM <>'OFFLINE' V$DATAFILE WHERE STATUS

Lu : dung lng ca Controlfile, innit file nh nn khng tnh. Dung lng templefile sinh ra trong qu trnh vn hnh cng khng c tnh.

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Kim tra vng a s ci t CSDL Oracle 10g lu d liu CMIS 2.0 c tha mn: ln hn t nht 2 ln dung lng d liu CMIS 1.0 trn CSDL Oracle 9i hay khng. Nu tha mn mi thc hin ci t cc bc tip trong hng dn. Chn vng lu tr CSDL + Nu h iu hnh c ci t trn a cng: cn ci t v lu tr CSDL Oracle trong a logic khc vi a logic ci t h iu hnh. V d: My ch ci t h iu hnh WindowServer 2003 trn a C th Oracle cn ci t v lu tr trn cc a D, E + Nu h iu hnh c ci t trn h thng San(t a): cn ci t v lu tr CSDL Oracle trn nhng nhm a khng ci t h iu hnh. V d: Ci t h iu hnh WindowServer 2008 trn t san c 2 dy khay S1, S2; trong h iu hnh c ci t ln S1. Khi cn ci t v lu tr CSDL Oracle trn S2

Chn phin bn ci t Oracle + i vi h iu hnh WindowServer 2003-32 bit, cn ci t phin bn Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1.0) for Microsoft Windows. + i vi h iu hnh WindowServer 2003 64 bit, cn ci t phin bn Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.1.0) for Microsoft Windows (x64) + i vi h iu hnh WindowServer 2003, cn ci t phin bn Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.0.3/10.2.0.4) for Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows 2008 .

Ly danh sch cc TableSpace ca CMIS 1.0, so snh vi danh sch TableSpace trong Script ci t CSDL Oracle 10g cho CMIS 2 b xung cc cu lnh to TableSpace. Cn thc hin bc ny trnh trng hp import gia chng b dng do thiu TableSpace. + S dng Toad, ng nhp vi quyn sys v chy cu lnh sau ly ra danh sch TableSpace ca CMIS 1.0: SELECT * FROM V$TABLESPACE WHERE NAME NOT IN ('SYSTEM', 'SYSAUX', 'USERS', 'TEMP') AND NAME NOT LIKE '%UNDO%'. + Tm TableSpace thiu trong Script to CSDL CMIS 2.0. + B xung cu lnh to tablespace thiu vo Script to CSDL CMIS 2.0. V d: pht hin TableSpace X c trong CSDL CMIS 1.0 nhng li khng c trong danh sch cc TableSpace ca CMIS 1.0 cn to trong CSDL CMIS 2.0 th cn x l nh sau: S dng Toad, vo CSDL CMIS 1.0 vi quyn Sys, xem tab TableSpace. Chn chut phi ln TableSpace X, chn tip CreateScript, n OK.

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Copy cu lnh sang Script to CSDL CMIS 2.0, lu sa li cc ng dn v datafile trong TableSpace X. 3. Cch tnh dung lng, s lng datafile trong CMIS2. Mc d cc datafile c to i theo TableSpace c vit sn trong Script, nhng trc khi s dng ngi chuyn i s liu cn chun ha li cc thng tin v datafile nh dung lng, s lng, ng dn trong Script. Vi cc TableSpace c chuyn t CMIS 1.0 sang CMIS 2.0 tt nht l gi nguyn hin trng nh trong CMIS 1.0 trnh ri ro v cng tnh ton. Vi cc TableSpace ch c CMIS 2.0, cn tnh ton v cn i li. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: + Tnh tng dung lng d kin dnh cho TableSpace(A) + Chn dung lng dnh cho 1 datafile(B) + Tnh s datafile dnh cho TableSpace(C) = [A/B] + 1 + t cu hnh cho tng datafile. V d 1: Tnh s datafile cn to cho TABSPC_BANGLON trong CMIS2 Bc 1: S dng Toad, ng nhp vi quyn Sys vo CSDL CMIS 1.0. Chuyn sang tab TableSpace, chn TABSPC_BANGLON.

Bc 2: Tnh tng dung lng s dng ca TABSPC_BANGLON trong tab Used

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Gi s tnh c tng cng l 20GB, cho d phng thm 200MB. Tnh c tng cng l 20,2GB Bc 3: Chn dung lng 1 datafile l 4G(khng nn qu 5G, khi h iu hnh kh qun l v hay xy ra tnh trng khng c c file). Bc 4: Tnh s datafile cn to l [20,2/4] + 1 = 6 4. Mt s cch theo di qu trnh thc hin script. Theo di cu lnh ang chy: S dng chc nng SessionBrowser ca Toad, chn tab Current Statement xem. Khi cu lnh chy qu lu cn thc hin Tunning li. Cng c th do Lock ti nguyn, cn chn Tab Locks xem.

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- Theo di qu trnh tng trng ca Datafile trong TableSpace: Cn phi theo di to thm datafile trong trng hp ht vng lu tr trong TableSpace. S dng tab TableSpace ca Toad xem

II. Ci t CSDL Oracle 10G: Bc 1: Chy trnh ci t Chy file Setup.exe ca b ci Oracle 10g

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Bc 2: La chn phng thc ci t ( Select Installation Method) Basic Installation : Ci t c bn . Advanced installation : Ci t nng cao .

EVNIT khuyn co bn nn la chn Advanced Installation. Sau khi la chn phng thc ci t , nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 3: La chn kiu ci t ( Select Installation Type) Trong c 4 kiu ci t Enterprise Edition Standard Edition Personala Edition Custom

Bn chn Enterprise Edition ri nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 4: Ch nh tn v ng dn ci t Database(Specify Home Details) Name : Tn ca database ci t . Path : ng dn ci t cho oracle 10g.

Evnit khuyn co nn t li tn database Vd : - Name : OracleDb11g_home2 Ora10g_CMIS2 . La chn ng dn ci t lu d liu Oracle vo mt cng tch bit vi data ca h iu hnh hay l cc phn mn khc thng ci t C. Vd : My ch c dung lng cng c chia lm 3 : C,D,E th ta nn ng dn vo D hoc E trnh C cha d liu ca h iu hnh windows. Path D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_2 hoc E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_2

Sau khi chn xong Name v Path nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 5: Kim tra thng tin u vo cho ci t (Product- Specific Prerequisite Checks) Chng trnh ci t s t ng kim tra u vo cho ci t (ng dn ci t Oracle 10g , b nh ca cng cn ci t , ). Nu chng trnh c check thy li Network Configuration requirementth ta check vo li chng trnh t ng check li . Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 6: La chn cu hnh ci t (Select Configuration Option) Create a database : Ci t v c to lun database Configuration Automatic Storage Management(ASM): Ci t t ng cu hnh qun l b nh. Install database Software only : Ch ci t Software .

Bn nn la chn Install Software Only ch mun to software cho nhanh, sau to Database (Trong bc ci t database tip theo).

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Bc 7: Tng kt li cc thng tin c n ci t (Summary)

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Kim tra xem c sai hay cn sa thng tin no th ta Back li cc bc trc cho ng. Sau khi kim tra xong th nhn Install bt u qu trnh ci t. Bc 8: Ci t (Install) Chng trnh ci t vo ng dn c la chn bc trc.

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Bc 9: Kt thc qu trnh ci t (End of Install) Nhn Exit kt thc qu trnh ci t. Chng trnh s hi bn chc chn kt thc khng ? Nhn Yes kt thc qu trnh ci t.

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II. Cu hnh Listener Service v Net Service Name. Bc 1: Chy chc nng Net Configuration Assistent Chn ng dn All Programs OraDB10g_CMIS2Configuration and Migration Tool Net Configuration Assistant . Mn hnh cu hnh cho Listener service v Net service nh sau : Chn Listener configuration ri nhn Next .

Bc 2: Thm mi Listener Service . Add : Thm mi Listener Service. Reconfigure : Cu hnh li Listener Service c sn. Delete : Xo Listener Service c sn. Rename : i tn Listener Service c sn.

Chn Add ri nhn Next thm mi Listener Service.

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Bc 3: Nhp tn Listener Name Nhp tn cho listener hoc c th tn mc nh Listener name : LISTENER theo gi ca chng trnh ri nhn Next .

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Bc 4: Chn phng thc mng Chn cc phng thc mng cn thit. C th chp nhn phng thc TCP theo gi ca chng trnh , ri nhn Next chuyn sang mn hnh tip theo.

Bc 5: Chn cng cho Listener Service Use the standard port number of 1521 : S dng s cng chun l 1521. Use another port number : S dng s cng khc .

EVNIT xut n v chn s cng l 1522 khc vi cng 1521 ca CMIS1. Nhn Next to listener .

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Sau khi to xong chng trnh hi bn c mun cu hnh mt listener mi khng . Chn No khng to thm listener khc . Chn Yes to thm mt listener khc. Bn chn No ri nhn Next bt u cu hnh Listener service

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Bc 6: Kt thc cu hnh Listener Service. Nhn Next kt thc cu hnh Listener Service.

Bc 7: Chn cu hnh ci t Net Service Chn Local Net Service Name configuration cu hnh Net Service , ri nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 8: Thm mi Net Service Add : Thm mi Net Service. Reconfigure : Cu hnh li Net Service c sn. Delete : Xo Net Service c sn. Rename : i tn Net Service c sn. Test : i tn Net Service c sn.

Chn Add thm mi Net Service , ri nhn Next .

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Bc 9 : Nhp tn ca Net Service Nhp Service Name : CMIS2 Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 10: Chn phng thc mng Chn cc phng thc mng cn thit .Chn TCP theo gi ca chng trnh v ng nht vi Listener Service,ri nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

Bc 11: Nhp Host v Port cho Net Service Nhp Host name : a ch IP hay tn Server ang ci t database hoc ang c database . V d : Host name : 10.1.6.48 Use the standard port number of 1521 : S dng s cng chun l 1521. Use another port number : S dng s cng khc . EVNIT xut n v chn s cng l 1522 ng nht vi listener v khc vi cng 1521 ca CMIS1. Sau khi nhp xong Host name v Port ,nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 12: Kim tra kt ni database Do cha ci database nn ta chn No, do not test b qu kim tra kt ni . Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 13a: Nhp tn cho Net service tip theo Mn hnh nhp Net service name ban u. Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 13b: La chn c to Net service khc khng Chng trnh hi bn c cu hnh Net service khc khng , khi chn No khng cu hnh Net service khc . Nhn Next to Net service .

Bc 14a: Kt thc qu trnh ci t Sau khi to xong chng trnh thng bo hon thnh qu trnh cu hnh Net Service. Nhn Next kt thc qu trnh cu hnh.

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Bc 14b: Kt thc qu trnh cu hnh Listener service v Net service Nhn Finish kt thc cu hnh.

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III. Ci t Database Bc 1: Chn chc nng Database Configuration Assistant Chn : Start All Programs OraDB10g_CMIS2Configuration and Migration Tool Database Configuration Assistant, nh hnh bn di : Nhn Next bt u qu trnh ci t .

Bc 2: Chn cng vic cn lm C mt s la chn sau : Create a database : to database. Chn mc ny. Configure database option : thit lp cu hnh mt database c sn. Delete a database : xo mt database c sn. Manage Templates : Lm vic vi cc mu database. Cho php to database da trn cc mu to trc hoc xo cc mu c trc Configure Automatic Stogare Management : T ng cu hnh qun l b nh .

Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 3: Chn Template to database Chn General Purpose , sau nhn Next chuyn sang mn hnh tip .

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Bc 4: Tn ca database Nhp Global Database Name : CMIS2 Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.

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Bc 5: Chn trnh cu hnh database l grid control hay OEM.

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la chn mc nh ca chng trnh , nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Bc 6: Nhp password cho cc user mc nh ca Oracle.

Nhp cc mt khu cho cc User : SYS, SYSTEM,SYSMAN,DBSNMP. Nn t mc nh mt khu cho SYS l SYS, SYSTEM l SYSTEM; SYSMAN,DBSNMP mc nh l system1, system2. Cc mt khu ny cn i li sau khi thc hin ci t xong database. Ch ch hoa, ch thng khi t mt khu. Nhn Next chuyn sang mn hnh tip .

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Bc 7: Chn c ch lu tr l file hay ASM(Oracle t qun l). mc nh l File System

Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Bc 8: Chn ni lu tr cc file ca database

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Chn Use Database File Locations from Template ri nhn Next .

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Bc 9: Chn kiu Recovery d liu. Specify Flash Recovery Area: Ca Oracle 10g tr ln, cho php khi phc vng d liu va xa. Enable Archiving: tng t ch Achive log mode ca Oracle 9i.

Chn Specify Flash Recovery Area : Ch nh vng nh khi phc. Chn Brower : Chn ng dn khi phc. Nhp dung lng (size) cho data khi phc. Nhn Next chuyn sang mn hnh tip theo .

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Bc 10: Chn Schema mu cho database.

Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Bc 11: Cu hnh cc thng s database - Chn Custom , Share Memory Management : Automatic Tu vo cu hnh ca my ch ta la chn SGA Target v PGA Aggregate Target cho ph hp + My ch 32 bit, SGA l 2GB + My ch 64 bit, SGA bng lng RAM(ln nht c th) V d : Memory(RAM) 1015M th t 50% ( SGA Target = 380 MB , PGA Aggregate Target = 126 MB)

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- Chn tab Si zing chuyn sang bc tip theo, nh hnh bn di.

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Chn Processes : 500 ( s User kt ni ). Vi n v c nhiu ngi s dng c th ch n Processes ln hn . - Chn tab Character Sets chuyn sang bc tip theo, nh hnh bn di. Use the default : S dng kiu font v k t mc nh ca chng trnh . Use Unicode(AL32UFT8) : s dng kiu font Unicode. Choose from the list of character sets :Chn kiu font set cho database trong danh sch ca chng trnh.

Chn Choose from the list of character sets ri chn UTF8-Unicode 3.0 UTF-8..(bt buc chn ty chn ny) Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip.

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Bc 12: Xem vng lu tr ca database

Nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip.

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Bc 13: To database

Nhn Finish hin th thng tin chi tit ca database nh sau:

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Nhn OK bt u qu trnh to Database .

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Nhn Exit kt thc qu trnh to database .

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Sau khi to xong Database ta vo Run g regedit

Nhn OK chuyn sang mn hnh tip theo .

Chn HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE tm file NLS_LANG ri i gi tr thnh AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 Nhn OK kt thc v tt mn hnh Registry Editor. Hoc bn nhn p chut vo file regeditNSLANG.reg set li NLS_LANG v gi tr AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8. VI. To user v TableSpace ca h thng

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Copy th mc CREATEDATABASE vo C , trong th mc c 3 file gm c :CMISCHUAN.DMP , script.sql , clickhere.bat .Copy them file CMIS01.DMP c Export t user CMIS01 ca CMIS1.0 vo th mc CREATEDATABASE ny. M file clickhere.bat xem li ng dn ti 2 file DMP v file log ng cha? nu cha ng th iu chnh li.

M file Scrip.sql kim tra li ng dn cha cc datafile ng vi ng dn hin thc ca my. Da vo phn tnh ton dung lng ca cc datafile ri c th them hoc bt dung lng ca datafile.

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Sau khi hon tt vic kim tra th nhn p chut vo file clickhere.bat : Chy script to User v cc Tablespace ca h thng CMIS1 Chy script to User v cc Tablespace ca h thng CMIS2 Import user CMISCHUAN vo user CMIS01 ca h thng CMIS2.0 Import user CMIS01 vo user CMIS1 ca h thng CMIS1.0

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Khi chy xong mn hnh commad tt i , bn quay li th mc va chy m file log import ca 2 user xem c thnh cng khng .Nu cui file log c dng Import terminated successfully with warnings. Th import 2 user thnh cng. Kt ni vo CSDL ca CMIS2 bng Database Control xem v kim tra li cc TableSpace .Chn theo ng dn nh sau:

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Khi chy mn hnh trnh duyt trng khng c g , th copy c linh sang mt my khc chy th hin th nh sau

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Nhn vo I agree truy cp vo database CMIS2 , khi mn hnh trnh duy t hin th nh sau:

ng nhp vo h thng bng user sys/sys vi quyn kt ni l SYSDBA

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Chn menu Administration TableSpaces xem v kim tra li cc TableSpaces.

Ch : C th Import user CMISCHUAN ca CMIS2.0 vo user CMIS01 v user CMIS01 ca CMIS1.0 vo user CMIS1 bng Toad.

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V. Chuyn i d liu Chy chuyn i d liu theo file theo hng dn ca file: Cac buoc chay Script chuyen doi CMIS1-CMIS2.doc

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