:-

(financial institution)

1406

(Banco di San Giorgio) (

,
,

(zaibatsu).
"Bancassurance"

,
(

"

"

Florentines

[5]

.
,

macella

bancu

,bancu
.[6]

(ATM)automatic teller machine

(Mail)

(Telephone banking)

(Online banking)

(retail
banking) ,

(business banking)
,

(private banking)

, (investment banking)

(financial markets)
-,
.

(Central bank)
(interest rate)

(Lender of last resort)

1.

(Commercial bank):

(Great

Depression)
,

(capital market)

"

"

2.

(Community Bank):

3.

(Community development bank) :

4.

(Postal savings bank):

.

5.

(Private bank)s:
.

6.

(Offshore bank):

7.

(Savings bank):

19

,
:

8.

(Building societies) Landesbank (Landesbank)s:

.

9.

(Ethical bank) :

10.

(Islamic bank)

56

1990
(

)9

12

13

5
7

10

10

,
1

9
10

15

,
,

:
:

125

10
,
)

9
(

17

2008
(

2012

092

,
,

,
,
:
,

:
,

-2012