CHNG 0: B TC

$1.Gii tch t hp.

1.Quy tc cng v quy tc nhn:
V d1: C 6 quyn sch ton, 5 quyn l, 4 quyn
ha c bao nhiu cch chn:
a. 1quyn.
b. Mt b gm 3 quyn ton ,l, ha.

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Gii:b. Giai on 1: Chn ton c 6 cch.
Giai on 2:Chn l c 5 cch.
Giai on 3: Chn ha c 4 cch.
Suy ra: c 6.5.4 cch chn
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a.Trng hp chn ton c 6 cch,trng hp chn l c 5
cch,trng hp chn ha c 4 cch
Suy ra: c 6+5+4 cch
Ghi nh: cc trng hp th cng ; cc giai on th nhn
2. Hon v: Mt hon v ca n phn t l mt cch sp c th
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc


3. Chnh hp (khng lp): Mt chnh hp khng lp chp k
t n phn t l mt cch chn c th t k phn t khc nhau
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc



!
( 1)...( 1) , 0
( )!
k
n
n
A n n n k k n
n k
= + = s s

!
n
P n =
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4. T hp (khng lp): Mt t hp khng lp chp k t n
phn t l mt cch chn khng k th t k phn t khc nhau
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc




Ch : c k th t l chnh hp
khng k th t l t hp
5.Chnh hp lp.
nh ngha: mt chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l 1 cch
chn c k th t k phn t(c th ging nhau)t n phn t
khc nhau cho trc

!
, 0
! !( )!
k
k
n
n
A n
C k n
k k n k
= = s s

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nh l: s chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l :


V d 2: c bao nhiu cch trao 1 gii nht, 1 gii nh, 1
gii ba trong mt cuc thi c 10 hc sinh gii tham gia.

k
k
n
n A =
Gii: vic trao gii chia thnh 3 giai on:
Gii nht: 10 cch
Gii nh: 9 cch
Gii 3 : 8 cch
Suy ra: c 10.9.8 cch
3
10
A =
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V d 3: C bao nhiu cch chn mt i tuyn gm 3 hc
sinh t 10 hc sinh gii ca mt trng i thi cp qun.
Gii: C cch

V d 4: C bao nhiu cch xp 10 hc sinh gii vo 3 lp
hc mt cch ty .
Gii: 1 ngi c 3 cch chn vo 3 lp.

Suy ra c cch sp xp


3
10
C
10 10
3
3 A =
.
V d 5: C bao nhiu cch sp 10 ngi trong c A, B,
C, D ngi vo mt bn ngang sao cho:
a. A ngi cnh B.
b. A cnh B v C khng cnh D.
Gii: a. B A vi B lm mt suy ra cn li 9 ngi c 9! cch
sp. Do A v B c th i ch suy ra c 9!.2! cch

b. A cnh B, C khng cnh D =(A cnh B)-(A cnh B, C
cnh D)
= 9!.2!-8!.2!.2!
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.
$2.CHUI.
Tng ca chui ly tha:



ly o hm

nhn vi x

ly o hm

, 1
1
m
k
k m
x
x x
x

=
= <

0
1
1
k
k
x
x

=
=

1
2
1
1
.
(1 )
k
k
k x
x

=
=

2
1
.
(1 )
k
k
x
k x
x

=
=

2 1
3
1
1
.
(1 )
k
k
x
k x
x

=
+
=

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$3.Tch phn Poisson


( )
2
2
2
2
2
x a
e dx
o
o t

=
}
2
2
( )
2
2
2
2
x a
a
a
e dx
o
o t

= =
} }
2
2
2
u
e du t
+

=
}
2
0
2
0
2
2
t
+

= =
} }
u
e du
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V d 6: Tnh
2 2
2 2 2
2 5
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
5 5 2
( )
4
2 5 ( 5 )
5
5
5 5 .
5
1 1
( ) . . . 2
5 5
x xy y
x x u
f x e dy
x x
x xy y y
x
u y du dy
f x e e du e t
+ + +

=
+ + = + +
= + =
= =
}
}
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$4.Tch phn Laplace:

-hm mt Gauss(hm chn-HNH 3.1)

- tch phn Laplace (hm le-HNH 3.2)



.tra xui: ( tra hng 1,9; ct 6 bng
phn Laplace).
.tra ngc: hng 1,6; gia ct 4 v ct 5 nn

2
2
1
( )
2
u
f u e
t

=
( )
( )
2
2
0
1
2
0.5, 5
u t
u e dt
u u
t

u =
u = >
}
( )
1,96 0, 4750 u =
( )
? 0, 45 u = e
1, 64 1, 65
?
2
+
=
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Hnh 3.1 Hnh 3.2