TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).

2010

VN DNG L THUYT T CHC BIT HC HI VO QUN L SINH VIN TRONG O TO THEO H THNG TN CH
THE APPLICATION OF THE STUDY ORGANIZATION THEORY IN STUDENTS MANAGEMENT IN TRAINING BY CREDIT Nguyn Th Hong Anh
Trng i hc Ngoi ng, i hc Nng
TM TT o to tn ch l hnh thc t chc o to c p dng cho nn i hc i chng. Nh n m c hi c hc tp ca mi ngi l nh nhau, bt lun s khc nhau ca hon cnh v iu kin c nhn. Tinh thn ct li ca hc ch tn ch l: Thy phi thay i cch dy, Sinh vin phi thay i cch hc v Trng phi thay i cch qun l. Ch khi no t c s ng b chng ta mi hy vng c c mt s hon thin trong t chc o to theo h thng tn ch. Khng th ph nhn u im ca o to tn ch. Tuy nhin, hin nay cc trng gp khng t kh khn, thch thc khi thc hin o to tn ch nh iu kin c s vt cht, phng php dy hc, ni dung chng trnh, i ng ging vin, c bit l trong cng tc qun l sinh vin. ABSTRACT Training by credit is a form of training organization applied to popular university education. Thanks to this, everyone enjoys equal chance to education regardless of their different situation and individual conditions. The core spirit of training by credit is that Teachers must change the way of teaching, students must change the way learning and schools must change the way of managing. Only by attaining that synchronization can we hope to have perfect training by credit. There is no denying that credit training has strong points. The reality, however, is that colleges and universities have been facing many problems and challenges in carrying out training by credit concerning facilities, teaching methods, curricula, teaching staff, especially student management.

1. t vn Qun l ni chung trong c qun l sinh vin trong o to theo h thng tn ch ni ring l mt loi hnh qun l mi i vi gio dc Vit Nam. Nhiu cng on ca hot ng qun l sinh vin v ang thc hin trong c vic qun l sinh vin theo dng hc hi, chia s. Trong h thng ny, mi thnh vin nh trng t lnh o, ging vin, cn b qun l n cc b phn chc nng, ty theo chc nng nhim v m phn cng v tham gia qun l cng tc sinh vin mt cch ch ng v sng to. M.P. Follett khuyn co rng, ngi qun l bt k cp no cng phi xy dng mi quan h lm vic tt p vi ngi thuc cp; mt trong nhng cch lm nh vy l li cun thuc cp tham gia qu trnh ra quyt nh, nht l khi h s chu
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

nh hng ca chnh nhng quyt nh . B quan tm n cch thc nh qun l gii quyt nhng xung t ny sinh gia cc c nhn hay cc b phn ca t chc. B cho rng gii quyt tt nhng xung t ny sinh ny, cn c nhng tip xc trc tip, thng thn v chn tnh gia nhng ngi qun l cc b phn v gia cc b phn vi cc thnh vin, nhng ngi thuc cp trong t chc. Ngi bin h v lm phc sinh t tro qun l ca Follett l Peter Drucker ngi c cng ng khoa hc quc t tha nhn nh l mt chuyn gia hng u v khoa hc qun l. Quan im cu hnh qun l mi ca Drucker cng vi cc quan im v l thuyt phc hp trong vic qun l mt t chc bit hc hi vi s thu trit ca nh qun l th s cung cp cho cng vic qun l ni chung v qun l gio dc ni ring, mt tm nhn, mt phong cch qun l hin i ph hp vi xu th hi nhp. 2. Ni dung 2.1. Khi nim t chc bit hc hi Trong l lun qun l v t chc hin i, t chc bit hc hi c xem l mt trit l, mt thi , mt cch tip cn mi i vi thc tin xy dng v qun l t chc. Mt t chc bit hc hi (Organization Learning) c nh ngha theo nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng v c bn, c th thng nht vi nh ngha sau: T chc bit hc hi l t chc trong mi thnh vin c huy ng, li cun vo vic tm kim, pht hin v gii quyt vn , vo vic lm cho t chc c kh nng thc nghim cch lm mi, bin i, pht trin v ci tin lin tc nhm y nhanh kh nng tng trng ca t chc, khin t chc c th t c mc tiu ca mnh mt cch tt p nht [2, 1]. T tng c bn ca t chc bit hc hi l gii quyt vn thay v cc t chc truyn thng c thit k nhm thc hin mt s mnh nh sn. 2.2. Thit k, xy dng mt t chc bit hc hi 1/ Lnh o: Lnh o l phng tin duy nht m nh mt t chc s bin i thnh mt t chc bit hc hi. Quan im truyn thng cho rng ngi lnh o l ngi t ra mc tiu, ngi ra quyt nh v ngi ch huy. i vi t chc bit hc hi ngi lnh o phi l ngi thit k, ngi gio vin, ngi phc v. Ngi lnh o phi c kh nng xy dng tm nhn/ quan im c chia s, phi bit gip ngi khc nhn thy ton b h thng, bit cch lm vic cng vi mi ngi, bit thit k cu trc t chc theo chiu ngang, bit khi xng s bin i, bit pht huy nng lc ca mi thnh vin hng ti tng lai. 2/ Cu trc theo chiu ngang: T chc bit hc hi s ph b cu trc t chc theo chiu dc ci cu trc ngn cch ngi qun l v thuc cp. T chc bit hc hi vn dng nhng tng mi nht t c s cng tc hp tc gia ngi lnh o vi cc thnh vin, gia cc thnh vin vi nhau, gia b phn ny vi b phn khc. l cc tng v t, nhm, i c nhim, v mi lin kt ngang, v t chc
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

mng, trong cc nhm, t s c tnh t ch ng k. Cu trc t chc theo chiu ngang ly t nhm lm trung tm, n c vai tr quan trng hn mi c nhn. 3/ y quyn cho cc thnh vin: S y quyn c ngha l trao cho cc thnh vin quyn lc, s t lo, kin thc v k nng h ra quyt nh v hon thnh quyt nh y mt cch hiu nghim. S y quyn ng n s to nn nhng nhm, t t qun, cc thnh vin tch cc tham gia vo vic ra quyt nh, vo vic nh gi kim tra cht lng ch khng cn n s thanh tra gim st qu cht ch. 4/ Chia s thng tin/ truyn thng: Mt t chc bit hc hi chc chn s trn ngp thng tin. xc nh nhu cu v gii quyt vn , ngi ta cn phi bit iu g ang din ra. H cn phi hiu ton b t chc cng nh ton b cng tc ca mnh. Cc d liu chnh thc v ngn sch, chi ph, li nhun v.v phi lun c sn cho mi thnh vin. chnh l qun l theo li sch ng. Mi thnh vin u c th c sch ng v trao i thng tin vi bt k ai trong t chc. T chc bit hc hi phi bit s dng s truyn thng cng khai, k c vic truyn thng in t chng hn nh th in t. Truyn thng cng khai c ngha l khin cc thnh vin trao i mt i mt, trc tip, vi s nhn mnh vo vic bit lng nghe. 5/ Chin lc pht l: Trong t chc bit hc hi, ngi lnh o vn c nh hng ti tm nhn, ti phng hng hot ng ca t chc, nhng h khng kim sot hay ch o chin lc mt mnh. H c s gip ca mi thnh vin v hn th na nng lc ch cht li nm ni cc thnh vin. Chin lc ca t chc s xut hin, pht l t nhng cuc tho lun gia cc thnh vin. Bi cc thnh vin l nhng ngi c y thng tin nht t mi trng bn trong cng nh mi trng bn ngoi ca t chc. Chin lc pht l da trn mt t tng chung ng thun v tnh thc nghim. 6/ Vn ha mnh m: Chng ta u bit vn ha ca t chc l nhng gi tr, nhng nim tin, s hiu bit, cc chun mc c cc thnh vin trong t chc chia s. C th khng nh vn ha l nn tng ca t chc bit hc hi. Vn ha ca t chc bit hc hi phi mnh m trong ba lnh vc sau: Ci ton th l quan trng hn ci b phn, ranh gii gia cc b phn phi gim thiu n mc thp nht; Vn ha t chc l bnh ng vi tt c mi thnh vin; Cc gi tr vn ha phi c ci thin v thch nghi. 2.3. Vn dng l thuyt t chc bit hc hi vo qun l sinh vin trong o to theo h thng tn ch Ngy 30 thng 7 nm 2001 B trng B Gio dc v o to ra Quyt nh s 21/2001/Q-BGD&T v vic th im t chc o to, kim tra, thi v cng nhn tt nghip i hc, cao ng h chnh quy theo hc ch tn ch. Nm 2005, B Gio dc v o to ch o cc trng Cao ng, i hc chuyn i t o to nin ch sang o to tn ch, y c coi l mt cuc cch mng thay i cng ngh o to. Ngy
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

15 thng 8 nm 2007 B Gio dc v o to ra Quyt nh s 43/2007/QBGD&T v vic ban hnh Quy ch o to i hc v cao ng h chnh quy theo h thng tn ch nhm ch o cc trng Cao ng, i hc chuyn i t o to nin ch sang o to theo h tng tn ch. y l mt trong 7 bc i quan trng trong l trnh i mi gio dc i hc giai on 2006-2020 ti Vit Nam. 2.3.1. H thng t chc v phn cp qun l trong cng tc sinh vin H thng t chc qun l sinh vin gm Hiu trng, Phng Cng tc sinh vin v cc khoa/ trung tm o to (gi chung l khoa), Ging vin ch nhim (c vn hc tp) v lp sinh vin. - Hiu trng l ngi chu trch nhim chnh ch o cng tc sinh vin ton trng. - Phng Cng tc sinh vin l n v tham mu cho Ban Gim hiu trong ch o v chu trch nhim chnh trong t chc trin khai cng tc sinh vin cho ton trng. - Khoa l n v trc tip qun l ton din sinh vin v trin khai thc hin cc hot ng rn luyn sinh vin thng qua c vn hc tp, Chi on v lp sinh vin. Trong : + Nhim v ca c vn hc tp: Lm c vn cho mt lp sinh vin v chng trnh, k hoch hc tp, ng k mn hc, la chn ngnh ngh; ng vin sinh vin ca lp tch cc tham gia cc phong tro, cc hot ng ngoi kha do cc n v c lin quan t chc; Theo di v nh gi ton din v hc tp, v rn luyn ca sinh vin lp mnh. Nhn xt v cho im rn luyn ca sinh vin theo bin bn ca Ban cn s lp v chi on. + T chc lp sinh vin: Lp SV c t chc theo kha v ngnh o to. Lp SV c n nh trong sut cc nm hc trin khai cc hot ng c lin quan n cng tc hc tp, rn luyn SV. Mi lp SV c mt c vn hc tp ph trch v c Ban cn s lp t qun v t chc iu hnh mi hot ng ca lp. Ty theo tnh hnh lp, lp c th chia t/nhm qun l SV; Ty theo s lng SV, mi lp SV c nh trng cp mt phn kinh ph cho qu hot ng lp. Ngoi kinh ph ca trng, lp SV c quyn to cc hot ng hp php xy dng qu gp phn duy tr v nng cao cht lng hot ng ca lp; Ngoi t chc lp SV theo h thng tn ch, nh trng cn t chc lp mn hc cho SV. Lp mn hc l lp ca cc SV cng ng k mt mn hc, c cng thi kha biu ca mn hc trong cng mt hc k. Cc SV thuc lp mn hc c ra thnh vin i din thc hin nhim v do cn b ging dy giao cho v cc hot ng t qun khc trong gi hc.

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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

2.3.2. Qun l cng tc SV theo mc tiu xy dng t chc bit hc hi Trong nn vn minh nng nghip vi con tru l ng lc th mi thy l mt b Bch khoa. C nh trng thu gn vo mt thy . Thy t qun l mnh v mt mnh thy va dy a b hc Tam t kinh li va o to ngi i thi i khoa, i hc v tin s. nn vn minh cng nghip ra i kiu nh trng hin hnh vi nhiu cp hc, nhiu mn hc. Ngay cc lp mm non, tiu hc ngy nay cng khng th mt lp mt c, mt lp mt thy m c nhiu c, nhiu thy. Qun l cng tc SV phi bt u t s qun l c nhn mt SV. Ngoi vic thc hin cc chc nng truyn thng ca qun l nh: K, T, o, Kim trn c ba mt s lng, cht lng, c cu th mt iu rt quan trng l to ra s ng thun ca tp th nh trng. S ng thun ca nh trng c bo m bi vic to ra vn t chc qua thit ch T chc bit hc hi. S qun l cn lm cho t chc ny tng hp hi ho c 6 thnh t: 1. Ngi lnh o th trng nh trng gng mu. 2. Cc cn b qun l, c vn hc tp trong nh trng u hiu c quyn hn nhim v ca mnh theo s mnh ca nh trng v c gip thc hin quyn t ch trong t chc o to. 3. Cc cn b qun l, c vn hc tp trong nh trng xy dng c mi lin h theo chiu ngang mt cch hp l to nn sc mnh tng hp ca h thng. 4. Xy dng h thng thng tin qun l sinh vin ca nh trng c tnh minh bch, hiu lc. 5. Nh trng xc nh c s mnh, tm nhn v chin lc hnh ng trong mi tng thch vi pht trin kinh t - x hi ca cng ng. 6. Nh trng xy dng c mt h gi tr to nn vn ho c trng ca nh trng ph hp vi h gi tr tin tin ca thi i, t nc, cng ng tc ng vo nh trng.

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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

S mng tng tc ca cc thnh t trong mt T chc bit hc hi Lnh o nh trng Thng tin qun l nh trng Chin lc T chc bit hc hi Pht trin nh trng

Cc thnh vin trong nh trng bit c quyn hn nhim v

Mi lin quan phi hp ca cc thnh vin Vn ho nh trng

Qun l cng tc SV theo h thng tn ch trong nh trng to thnh t chc bit hc hi l lm cho b my t chc ca nh trng lun lun vn ng t lm mi mnh theo hng ngang vi cc tng tc ngang v tng tc cho gia cc b phn nghip v ca cc phng ban, yu cu i vi tng v tr s rt cao. Cn b qun l khng ch phi nm vng chuyn mn nghip v m cn phi hiu bit v cng vic cc b phn khc cng tng tc vi mnh. vn dng m hnh T chc bit hc hi vo cng tc qun l SV c hiu qu, vic u tin cn lm l phi xy dng c h thng cng nh quy trnh cng ngh thng tin trong ni b nh trng. Mt trong nhng cng c hu hiu thng c cc trng p dng l h thng mng my tnh phn quyn, h thng e-mail ni b. Song yu t chnh vn l con ngi v cc quy trnh truyn thng tin, bo co. 3. Kt lun o to tn ch l mt hnh thc o to c hu ht cc nc tin tin trn th gii p dng. y l mt quy trnh o to mm do, ly ngi hc lm trung tm. i vi ngi qun l trong lnh vc qun l SV ht sc phc tp bi nhiu l: ni dung qun l phong ph, sinh ng, phng php qun l a dng, hot ng qun l nhiu tm khc nhau, lc lng tham gia qun l din rng vi m hnh m, i hi mt s phi hp nhp nhng ng b ca cc n v trong nh trng. Bt c m hnh qun l
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(40).2010

no cng u cn n con ngi, nht l nhng m hnh tin tin vi nhng yu cu rt cao v trnh chuyn mn v qun l. V vy, rt cn s quan tm ca Ban gim hiu nh trng trong vic bi dng, o to i ng cn b qun l, c vn hc tp nhit tnh, tm huyt, c trch nhim vi s nghip trng ngi chnh l b quyt ca thnh cng.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] B Gio dc v o to Quy ch o to i hc v cao ng h chnh quy theo h thng tn ch (ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 43/2007/Q-BGDT ngy 15/8/2007). [2] Nguyn Quc Ch, Nguyn Th M Lc (2005), Nhng xu th qun l hin i v vic vn dng vo qun l gio dc, Khoa S phm, i hc Quc gia H Ni. [3] Cm nang nng cao nng lc v phm cht i ng gio vin (2007), Nh xut bn L lun chnh tr, H Ni. [4] V Vn To (1997), Vi nt v xu th i mi phng php gio dc v hc tp i hc trn th gii, Gio dc hc i hc, quyn 1, B Gio dc v o to, H Ni. [5] Lm Quang Thip (2007), Suy ngh v qun l trng i hc trong thi k i mi, Tp ch Gio dc, s 160, k 1-4/2007.

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