HW02

1. A new submarine can safely resist an external pressure of 1200 psig. How deep in the ocean can it safely
dive?

p=1200 psi= 8.27371 x 106 pa

p=ρgh
ρ (sea water)=1050 kg/m3
p 8.2737  106
h   803.2 m=2635.3 ft
g  9.811050

2. The tank in the Fig. contains gasoline (SG=0.81) and water. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom?
Sketch the curve of gauge pressure versus depth for this tank.

p =wghw+gasolineghgasoline+ atmospheric pressure

p=(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(20 ft)( 0.3048 m/ft)
+ (0.81)(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(20 ft)( 0.3048 m/ft)
+ 101,325 pa
=2.096 x105 pa=30.395 psi

18

16

14

12
Pressure, psig

10

6
20 ft
4

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Depth, m
3. A cylindrical oil-storage tank (D = 120 ft) has a vent to the atmosphere to allow air to move in or out as
the tank is filled or emptied. This vent is plugged by snow in a blizzard while the oil is being pumped
out of the tank, and the gauge pressure in the tank falls to -1 psig ( = 1 psi vacuum). What is the net
force on the roof of the tank?

A=πD2/4=π (120ft)2/4=11309.7 ft2

F=pA=(14.7-14.7-1 lbf/in2)( 11309.7 ft2)(144 in2/ft2)= (-)1.628x106 lbf=(-)7.237 x106 N

or
7.237 x106 N acting downward on the roof

4. Hoover Dam is approximately 230 m high and 76 m wide at the top. Consider it to be a rectangle (only
approximately true). When the water is up to the top, what is the pressure at the bottom? What is the
net force tending to move the dam?

Pressure at the bottom=ρgh=(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(230 m)=2.2563 x 106 Pa=327.2 psig

2
F   PdA    ghdA  gw hdh  gw h
2
F = (1000 kg/m )(9.81 m/s )(76 m)(230 m2)/2=1.972 x1010 N=4.4375 x109 lbf
3 2 2

5. We want to select a pipe with an inside diameter of 1 ft that will withstand an internal pressure of 1000
psig. The steel to be used has a maximum allowable tensile stress of 40,000 psi but, to allow for a
safety factor of 4, we design for a maximum stress of 10,000 psi. How thick must the pipe walls be?
6.
pD (1000 psi )(1 ft )(12 in / ft )
t   0.6 in  0.0152 m
2 tensile 2(10000 psi )

7. An oil well is 10,000 ft deep. The pressure of the oil at the bottom is equal to the pressure of a column
of seawater 10,000 ft deep. (This is typical of oil fields; most of them, at the time of discovery, have
about the pressure of a hydrostatic column of seawater (SG=1.05) of equal depth; there are exceptions.)
The density of the oil is 55 lbm / ft 3. What is the gauge pressure of the oil at the wellhead (at the
surface)?

Pressure of oil column=gh

=(55 lbm/ft3)(0.45359 kg/lbm)( 3.2813 ft3/ m3) (9.81 m/s2)(10000 ft)(0.3048 m/ft)
=2.637 x 107 pa
Hydrostatic pressure=gh
=(1050 kg/ m3) (9.81 m/s2)(10000 ft)(0.3048 m/ft)
=3.14 x 107 pa
Gauge pressure at the surface= Hydrostatic pressure- Pressure of oil column=5.049 x106 pa=732 psig
8. The fluid shown shaded in the manometer of Fig. 2.25 is ethyl iodide, SG = 1.93 . The heights are h1 =
44 in and h2 = 8 in.
(a) What is the gauge pressure in the tank?
(b) What is the absolute pressure in the tank?

(a) p=ρgh= ρg(h1+h2)=(1.93)(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(44+8 in)( 0.0254 m/in)=2.501 x103 pa=3.63 psig

(b) p=2.501 x103 pa+101325 pa=1.126 x103 pa=18.32 psia