1

2B

BASIC PIPING STRESS CAESAR II

By Piya Kittitanesuan
( )
Lead Piping Engineer

Penspen Limited. (Thailand)

(update 29 February 2008)
(Basic Piping Stress
Analysis)
(Operating Temperature)
(Ambient Temperature)
ambient

code

(Piping Engineer)
(pipe support )
line stop, guide nozzle
(Equipment)


U

Allowable Forces Moments
Allowable
Allowable Load
code pump code
API 610 steam turbine code NEMA SM23
Tank code API650 code

(project)

code

(Flexibility) (Fitting)
pressure drop

1.1 BASIC STRESS QUANTITIES

U

pipe stress
stress

AXIAL STRESS ()
U

Axial Stress =

Force
Area

SHEAR STRESS ()
U

Shear Stress =

Force in Shear
Shear Area

BENDING STRESS ()
U

Mc
I

M- Moment @ cross section

c- Distance from neutral axis to outer surface
4
4
(do di )
I cross section moment of inertia =
64

LONGITUDINAL PRESSURE STRESS

0BU

PL

= F/A

Pd/4t

HOOP PRESSURE STRESS

1BU

PH

= F
A

Pd
2t

d outside diameter inside

1 [ F = 0 ]
2 F = Pdi L
PH

Pdi L
2t L

= Pdi
2t

hoop pressure stress

LAME

PH

= Pri2 + L ri2 ro2 P / r2

ro2 - ri2

r = position thru the thickness

 1 program CAESAR II 4
option ID, OD, MEAN LAMES_EQ
conservative base hoop stress on OD
ID

piping stress analysis CAESAR

II
TOOL main menu
CAESAR II Version 5.00 Configures/Setup dialog box
1

1 diameter hoop stress CAESAR II

Longitudinal Stress
U

longitudinal stress

 bending , axial pressure

longitudinal stress
Mc
I

F
A

Bending

axial

U.S
longitudinal stress

Code

Pd
4t
pressure

ASME B31.3 stress Sustained

Stress combine stress

B31.1 Sustained Stress


Mc
I
Bending

Pd
4t
pressure

ASME Code Sustained Load

longitudinal stress
Sustained load
Sustained Stress (SL)
1.3 CODE COMPLIANCE BASICS :
U

ASME CODE
1. Sustained ( or Primary ) Stress Failure
2. Expansion (or Secondary ) Stress Failure

5

 PRIMARY STRESS
1. primary stress plastic deformation
rupture.
U

2. (weight)
(pressure) Allowable limits sustained stresses
yield stress material
3.
(fatigue)
4. cyclic
SECONDARY STRESS
1.

(thermal expansion)
2. crack

OCCASIONAL STRESS

(wind), (earthquakes), steam

U

water hammer, Pressure Safety Valve (PSV)

1.4 CODE STRESS ALLOWABLE :

Power Plant Code B31.1 Process
Plant Code B31.3
Process Plant
Power Plant Code B31.1 B31.3
code B31.3 Code stress allowable
U

3B

4B

THE SUSTAIN ALLOWABLE STRESS

hot yield stress factor sustained
stresses materials elastic limit
operating design
5BU

6B

SL

<

Sh

SL = Stress sustained load

Sh = Hot Allowable stress 0.666 Sy 0.25 Su
Sh table A-1 ASME B31.3
carbon steel A53 Gr.B 200
Sh = 20000 psi. SI 145
137.93 N/mm2 145

145.037743897

piping stress package

ASME Code ASME
B31.1 , B31.3
7

THE EXPANSION ALLOWABLE STRESS RANGE

yield stress safety factor ,
cyclic reduction factor mean stress total stress
range ( expansion sustained) set
yield stress
7BU

8B

SA = f ( 1.25 Sc + 1.25 Sh SL )

SA
f
Sc
Sh
SL

= Allowable Displacement Stress Range

= Cyclic reduction factor for fatigue from Table
302.3.5 (B31.3 edition 2002)
= Cold allowable stress
= Hot allowable stress
= Longitudinal Stress

f
code B31.1-2004 table 102.3.2
f = 1.0
7000
f = 0.9
7000 14000
f = 0.8
14000 22000
f = 0.7
22000 45000
f = 0.6
45000 100000
f = 0.5
100000
B31.3-2002 table 302.3.5 B31.1
Edition B31.3-2004 plot graph
Fig. 302.3.5 B31.3 Edition 2004 f
1 Ferrous material
minimum tensile strength 75000 psi (517 MPa)
371

 4 f ASME Code B31.3 Edition 2004

7000 relief valves
relief valve
operating condition operate
shut down 1

THE OCCASIONAL STRESS

(seismic) wind load, water hammer

7
Allowable stress ASME Code
Sh 10 30 % 1.1Sh 1.33Sh
code B31.1 1.15Sh -1.2 Sh B31.3
1.3 Sh B31.1 Power Piping safety
factor B31.3 Process Piping
9BU

10B

1.5 Check Piping Stress

U

1. sustained stress (SL) primary load
weight pressure
2. expansion stress (SE)

3. Sustained Stress 1 allowable

stress : Sh SL Sh
4. Expansion Stress (SE) 2
allowable
a. B31.3 SA = f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh)
___ (B31.3 Eq.1a)
SL Sh SA
U

SA = f (1.25Sc + 1.25Sh SL ) ___ (B31.3 Eq.1b)

SE < f (1.25Sc + 1.25Sh SL )

b. B31.1 SA = f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh)

_____(B31.1 Eq.1)
B31.1 SL Sh allowable

SA + f (Sh - Sc) SA
U

SE < SA + f (Sh - Sc)

___ (B31.1 Eq.13b)

3 SL Sh
Code B31.3
CAESAR II report Eq.1b
Eq.1a
Code B31.1 Eq.13b Eq.1

5. occasional load stress
kSh k 1.1 1.3

10

 Critical line
critical
Non critical line

critical line
CAESAR II Output Stress Analysis Report
CAESAR II SL Sh SE
SA
Carbon Steel ASTM A106 Grade B Code
B31.1 stress
Stress
Node 40 120 1.5

11

 5 node 120 stress

12

Sh

6
6 Stress report run static analysis
maximum stress sustained load
node 120 7971.7 lb/sq.in ( psi) allowable hot
stress (Sh) 17100 psi.
stress (SL) (Sh)
46.6 % step 3 1.5
SL 16000 psi
report

ASME B31.1
ASME CAESAR II
Sh 15000 psi

What do you expect to see?
13

 CAESAR II feedback
error

stress check passed


input run
output check stress
piping stress
piping stress
analysis

CAESAR II AUTOPIPE

nozzle load allowable vendor
TLP 110 MW vendor steam
turbine nozzle load allowable

nozzle load

150 N.
9.81 15.3 kg.
20 (
) nozzle steam turbine

vendor

nozzle 150 N. valve
.
steam turbine


SL Sh SE
SA

14

SE =11034.5

Allowable Stress
Expansion Case

7 stress expansion case

7 report sustained
stress Expansion
stress stress node 50
SE = 11034.5 psi SA = 39632.2 psi

ASME Code B31.1

SA = f(1.25Sc+0.25Sh)
Sc=17100 psi Sh =17100 psi
SA = 1(1.25x17100+0.25x17100)
SA = 25650 psi
SL < Sh allowable
Allowable =
SA + f(Sh SL)
Allowable =
25650+ 1x(17100-3117.8)
Allowable =
39632.2 psi
15

 node 50 SL =3117.8 psi

sustain stress report
Figure 8

SL = 3117.8 psi

8 SL node 50 3117.8 psi

16

SE = 11034.5 psi

9 SE node 50 11034.5 psi

9
expansion stress (SE) node
node 50 SE 11034.5 psi
4 SE allowable 39632.2 psi
node 50 expansion stress
node 120
allowable expansion stress range
ASME Code B31.1
SA = f(1.25Sc+0.25Sh)
Sc=17100 psi Sh =17100 psi
SA = 1(1.25x17100+0.25x17100)
SA = 25650 psi
SL < Sh allowable
Allowable =
SA + f(Sh SL)
Allowable =
25650+ 1x(17100-7971.7)
Allowable =
34778.3 psi

17

 CAESAR II report
11
allowable stress range
ASME B31.3
SA = f (1.25Sc + 1.25Sh SL ) ___ (B31.3 Eq.1b)

SA = 1(1.25x17100+1.25x17100-7971.7)
SA = 34778.3 psi
Allowable Expansion
Stress Range power plant (B31.1)
process plant (B31.3)

SL

SH

10 Stress report sustained stress case

SL=7971.7 psi node 120

SA Expansion Stress

18

 SA =f[1.25(Sc+Sh)-SL]

11 Stress report expansion stress case

SA=34778.3 psi
node 120

1.6 (Piping Stress Analysis

Method)
U

ASME B31.3 3
1. By Visual Inspection His pass experience

2. Approximate Method
Table ,Chart

U

19

3. Comprehensive Analysis stress

piping stress engineer

CAESAR II, Autopipe Editpipe

Tractebel,
etc.

CAESAR II
U

Code

Chart

piping stress
engineer critical line list

Chart Stress Method
Process Plant Layout and Piping Design Ed
Bausbacher & roger Hunt

10 NPS Pipe with 400 F

critical line
comprehensive computer analysis

400 F

(computer analysis)
Visual Analysis or
judgement
Manual
10

20

 Computer Analysis Criteria

rotating equipment pipe

size 3 critical line stress
comprehensive analysis
CAESAR II
Poyry Energy Ltd. (Thailand).
Technip
Simflex Tractebel Edit Pipe



CAESAR II

chart guide line

10 400 by
visual analysis young piping stress engineer

(loss
containment)
computer
analysis
21 80
U

21

Code B31.1 B31.3

Appendix
B 3 Code B31.4, B31.8 EN13480-3

22