AppendixA.4
Aboveground,Door-CoveredShelter
PROTECTIONPROVIDEDAgainstfalloutradiation:ProtectionFactorabout200(PF200)ifcoveredwith30in.ofearth.(Apersonintheopenoutsidethisshelterwouldreceiveabout200timesmorefalloutradiationthanifhewereinside.)ThedrawingattheendofAppendixA.4showstheearthcoveronly20in.thick,resultinginaPFofabout100.Againstblast:Betterprotectionthanmosthomes.Blasttestshaveindicatedthatthisshelterwouldbeundamagedatleastuptothe5-psioverpressurerangefromlargeexplosions.Withoutblastdoorstheshelter'soccupantscouldbeinjuredatthisoverpressurerange,althoughprobablynotfatally.Againstfire:Fair,iftheclothintheentriesiscoveredwithmudandiftheshelterissufficientlydistantfromfiresproducingcarbonmonoxideandtoxicsmoke.WHEREPRACTICALInlocationswhereholes14inchesdeepcanbedugquiteeasily,butthewatertableorrockistooclosetothesurfaceforacovered-trenchsheltertobefeasible.FORWHOMPRACTICALForafamilyorothergroupwithtwoormoremembersabletoworkhardformostof36hours.Verylittlebuildingskillisneeded.CAPACITYTheshelterillustratedinFig.
AA
istheminimumlengthfor4persons.
It
isroofedwith6doors.Foreachadditionalperson,addanotherdoor.
(If
morethanabout7personsaretobesheltered,build2ormoreseparateshelters.)BUILDINGINSTRUCTIONS
1.
Beforebeginningwork,studythedrawingandreadALLofthefollowinginstructions.Dividetheworksothatsomewillbediggingwhileothersarebuildinganairpump,storingwater,etc.CHECKOFFEACHSTEPWHENCOMPLETED.2.Bythetimetheshelterisfinished,plantohavecompletedaventilatingpump(a16-in.-wideby24-in.-highKAP-essentialexceptincoldweather)andthestorageof
IS
gallonsofwaterperoccupant.(SeeAppendix
B
andChapter
8.)
3.Starttoassemblethematerialsandtoolsneeded.Fortheillustrated4-personshelter,theseare:A.EssentialMaterialsandTools•Sixdoors.Boardsorplywoodatleast
5/8_
in.thickcanbeusedtoreplaceoneormoreofthedoors.•Atleast4double-bedsheetsforeachofthefirstfourpersons,and3double-bedsheetsforeachadditionalpersontobesheltered-orenoughpiecesoffabricand/orofplastictocoveratleastaslargeanareaasthesheetswouldcover.(Thismaterialisformakingabovegroundshelterwalls,toserveassandbags.)•Rainproofingmaterials(plasticfilm,showercurtains,plastictablecloths,mattressprotectors,etc.)-15squareyardsforthefirst4personsand21/2squareyardsforeachadditionalperson.147
148•Ashovel(oneshovelforeachtwoworkersisdesirable).Apickormattockifthegroundisveryhard.•Aknife(theonlyessentialtoolformakingasmallshelter-ventilatingKAP)andmaterialsfora~AP16in.wideand24in.high.(SeeAppendixB.)•Containersforstoringwater.(SeeChapter8.)
B.
UsefulMaterialsandTools•Twoormorebuckets,largecansand/orlargepotswithbailhandles-tocarryearth,andlatertostorewaterorwastes.•Saw(oraxorhatchet)-tocutafewboardsorsmallpoles.•Hammerandatleast
IS
smallnails(atleast21/2in.long).•Tapemeasure,yardstick,orruler.•Additionalclothand/orplastic-equiv-alentinsizeto2moredouble-bedsheetsforeachperson.•Additionalwaterproofmaterial-2moresquareyardsperperson.•Pillowcases,orclothorplasticbags-toserveasearth-filledsandbags.Themore,thebetter.4.Tosavetimeandwork,sharpenalltoolsandkeepthemsharp.5.Wearglovesfromthestart,tohelppreventblistersandinfections.6.Selectabuildingsitewherethereislittleornochanceofthegroundbeingcoveredwithwater,andwherethewatertable(groundwaterlevel)isnotlikelytorisecloserthan18inchestothesurface.7.Toavoidtheextraworkofdiggingamongroots,selectasiteawayfromtrees,ifpractical.8.Tolessenthedangersoffireandsmokefromnearbyhousesortreesthatmightcatchfire,locateyourshelterasfarasispracticalfromhousesandflammablevegetation.9.Beforestakingoutyourshelter,provideonedoorperpersontoroofthemainroomplusoneadditionaldoorforeachofthetwoentries.Besurethedoorknobshavebeenremoved.Usethetwowidestdoorstorooftheentries.10.Tobesurethatallthewallswillbeintheproperpositionstoberoofedwiththeavailabledoors,layallthedoorsontheground,touchingeachotherandinthesamerelativepositionstheywillhavewhenusedtorooftheshelter.Whenalltheroofdoorsareontheground,sidebyside,determinetheexactlengthoftheshelterroom.(NotethatFig.
AA
illustratesasheltersizedforonly4persons.)1
I.
Stakeouttheshelter.12.Maketheearth-filled"rolls"thatwillformtheabovegroundwallsofyourshelter.Tomakewallsoutoftherolls:
(I)
Usedoorsasverticalformstoholdtheearth-filledrollsinplaceuntilthewallsarecompleted.(Thesearethesamedoorsthatyouwilluselatertorooftheshelter.)(2)Bracethedoor-formswith36-in.-Iongbraces(boardsorsticks)thatpressagainstthedoors,asshowninFig.
AA.
Nailonlytheupperbraces,usingonlyverysmallnails.
.
.
.r
I
(3)Aftertheformsforthetwoinnersidesoftheshelterhavebeenfinished,putpartsofthelongsidesofbedsheetsontheground,asillustrated.(Oruseotherequallywide,strongclothorplasticmaterial.)Abouta2-ftwidthofclothshouldbeontheground,andtherestofeachsheetshouldbefoldedupoutoftheway,overtheoutsidesofthedoor-forms.Adjacentsheetsshouldoverlapabout1
ft
whenmakingarollthanislongerthanonesheet.(4)Shovelearthontothepartsofthesheetonthegroundtotheheightoftherollsyouaremaking,asshown.Notethattherolltobemadeononesideis2in.higherthantherollontheotherside.(5)Shapethesurfaceoftheshoveled-onearthasillustrated,toholdthe"hooks"ofclothtobeformedwhentheexposedsidesofthesheetsarefoldeddown.(6)Folddowntheuppersideofeachsheetwhilepullingonittokeepittightandwithoutwrinkles.
It
shouldlieonthe
preparedearthsurface,includingthesmallnarrowtrench,asillustratedinthefirstsectionofthisappendix.(7)Packearthontothepartofthefolded-downsheetthatisinthenarrow,shallowtrench.Then,asshowninthesketchesatthebottomoftheaccompanyingdrawing,foldbackthelooseedgeoverthissmallamountofpackedearthtoforma"hook."(Thehookkeepstheweightoftheearthinsidearollfrompullingtheclothoutofitsproperposition.)(8)Makearollfirstononesideoftheshelter,thenontheother,tokeeptheheightsoftheearthonbothsidesoftheshelteraboutequal.Thiswillkeeptheunequalheightsofearthfrompushingthedoor-formsoutoftheirverticalpositions.(9)Addadditionalearthontopoftherollssothattheheightofthelevelearthsurface,outtothefullwidthofaroll,isthesameastheheightofthecloth-coveredpartoftherollthatisagainstthedoor-form.(10)Whentherollwallshavebeenraisedtotheirplannedheightsonbothsidesoftheshelter,removethebracesandthedoor-forms-beingcarefultokeepthebracenailsfromdamagingthedoors.(11)Thedoor-formsoftheside-wallsofthesheltercanberemovedbeforebuildingtheend-walls.13.Whensmoothingtheearthsurfacesofthefinaltopsoftherollwallsonbothsides,checktoseethattheyhavethesameslopeasthelowersidesoftheroofdoorswillhaveaftertheyareplacedontherollwalls.(Aslopeisnecessarysothatrainwaterreachingthewaterproofcoveringtobeplacedoverthedoorswillrunoffthelowerside.)StudyFig.A.4.14.Aftertheside-wallshavebeencompleted(exceptfortheirendsthatformthesidesofanentry)andafterthedoor-formshavebeenremoved,usethesamedoorsforformstobuildthetwo22-in.-wideentries.15.Useearth-filled"sandbags"(madeofpillowcasesorsacks,and/orthetucked-inendsofearth-filledrolls)tomaketheouterendsofeachentryway.14916.Makethetwodoorwayframesiflumber,nails,andasawareavailable.Makeeachframeashighasthewalloneachsideofit,andslopethetopboardofeachframesothatitwillpressflatagainstthedoortobesupported.
(If
materialsforaframearelacking,placeasingle2by4-in.board-orapoleabout6ft.Iong=-acrossthetopoftheentry,inthepositionshowninFig.A.4forthetopofthedoorwayframe.)17.Aftercarefullyremovingallthetemporarybracesfromthedoor-formsandthedoorsthemselves,improvetheslopesofthetopsofallsupportingwallssothatthedoorswillbesupportedevenlyand,withoutbeingtwisted,willmakecontactwiththesmooth,slopingearthorclothuponwhichtheywillrest.18.
If
morethanenoughwaterproofplasticorsimilarmaterialisavailabletocoveralltheroofdoors,alsocoverthetopsofthewallsonwhichtheroofdoorswillrest.Thiswillkeepthedoorsfromabsorbingwaterfromdampearth.19.Digtheillustrated14-in.-deep,36-in.-widetrenchinsidetheshelter.(Ifthewatertableistoohightodigdown14in.,insomelocationsthewallscanberaisedtoaheightof38in.bycuttingturfsodsandlayingthemontopofthewalls.Anotherwaythewallheightcanbeincreasedisbymakingadditionalrolls.)20.Placetheroofdoorsintheirfinalpositions,andcoverthemwithwaterproofmaterial(ifavail-able).Besurethewaterproofmaterialisfoldedunderthehigheredgesofthedoors-tokeepthematerialfromslippingdownwardontheslopingdoorsasearthisshoveledontotheroof.21.Extendthewaterproofmaterialontopofthedoorsacoupleoffeetbeyondthelowerendsofthedoors-ifenoughmaterialisavailabletocoveralloftheroofdoors.22.Whenshovelingthefirstlayerofearthontotherainproofmaterialprotectingthedoors,avoidhittingandpossiblypuncturingitwithrocksorsharppointedrootsintheearth.23.Tomakeeartharchingmoreeffectiveinsupportingmostoftheearthtobeplacedontheroofdoors,firstmoundearthonandneartheendsofthedoors.24.Covertheroofwithatleast20in.ofearth.Makesurethattherealsoisathicknessofatleast20in.ofearthatthecornersofboththeroomandentries.
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