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Te most dangerous enemy:one person with a grudge and a plan
Lone Wolf Terror and theRise of Leaderless Resistance
george michael
nJuly22,2011,AndersBehringBreivikdetonatedacarbombindowntownOslo,Norway.Hedidn’tstopthere,travelingseveralhoursromthecitytoambushayouthcampwhiletherestoNorwaywasdistractedbyhisearlierattack.Tat’swheretheactsend.Butwhatmotivatedhim?Didhehavehelpstagingtheattacks?Teevidencesuggestsastartlingtruth:thatthiswastheworkooneman,pursuingamissionhewasconvincedwasjust.IBreivikdidindeedactalone,hewouldn’tbethefrst.imothyMcVeighbombedaederalbuildinginOklahomaCitybasedessentiallyonhisownmotiva-tions.EricRobertRudolphembarkedonacampaignoterroroverseveralyears,includingtheCentennialParkbombingatthe1996Olympics.edKaczynskiwasrevealedtobetheUnabomberthatsameyear.Andtheseareonlythemostnotableexamples.AsGeorgeMichaeldemon-stratesin
Lone Wolf Terror and the Riseof Leaderless Resistance,
theyarenotisolatedcases.Rather,theyrepresentthenewwaywararewillbeconductedinthetwenty-frstcentury.
Lone Wolf Terror
investigatesthemotiva-tionsonumerouspoliticalandideologicalelements,suchasright-wingindividuals,eco-extremists,oreignjihadists,andevenquasi-governmentalentities.Inallthesecases,thosecarryingoutdestructiveactsoperateas“lonewolves”andsmallcells,withlittleornocon-nectiontoormalorganizations.Ultimately,Michaelsuggeststhatleaderlessresistancehasbecomethemostcommontacticalap-proachopoliticalterroristsintheWestandelsewhere.
political science / military history / international relations
O
“
From the ancient strategies o Sun Tzu to the activities o contemporary ‘leaderless’ jihadists, George Michael hasprovided a richly detailed, timely, and ascinating account o the evolution o lone wol terrorism and the development o aso-called th generation o warare.”
—Darren Mulloy,
Wilfried Laurier University, author of
American Extremism
geore michael
is Associate Professor of Nuclear Counterproliferation and Deterrence at the AirWar College. He is author of
The Enemy of My Enemy
and
Willis Carto and the American Far Right.
“
The topic o leaderless resistance/lone wol terrorism iscertainly a signicant issue at the present time to both policymakers and academics. . . . A comprehensive scholarly overviewo most o the signicant theories and research on terrorism.”
—Christopher Hewitt,
author of
Understanding Terrorism in America
“
As globalization continues to process a lot o populist angerover injustices—both perceived and real—stemming romits rapid expansion into traditional cultures, the world is goingto suer a lot more o the ‘leaderless’ terrorism that Michaelexplores in this wonderully evenhanded book. Those huntingor solutions—in addition to the ‘bad guys’—would do wellto add this to their reading list.”
—Thomas P.M. Barnett,
Chief Analyst, Wikistrat
“
George Michael’s readable, well-researched, and theoreticallyinormed book probes the vital question o the shape that violentnonstate actors will take as we move into an era o governmentausterity and a general weakening o the nation-state, even astechnological advances may allow individuals or small groupsto carry out unprecedented levels o violence. An importantcontribution to our understanding o a problem that willunortunately continue to bedevil us.”
—Daveed Gartenstein-Ross,
author of
Bin Laden’s Legacy
“
In this important book, strategist George Michael argues thatthere has been ‘a shit rom terrorism by organized groups toterrorism by unafliated individuals’ and draws the implicationso this epochal change. He does so by placing this development inthe history o modern warare, surveying the leaderless resistancephenomenon, and persuasively warning about the danger o lonewolves who engage in terrorism ‘on their own initiative with notraditional command-and-control hierarchy.’”
—Daniel Pipes,
author of
Militant Islam Reaches America
“
Lone Wolf Terror and the Rise of Leaderless Resistance
is a compre-hensively researched study o the dominant orms o violentresistance today. Michael examines a wide range o causes andideologies and places them in a broader political, historical, anddoctrinal context. This book will be a valuable resource in under-standing the most likely varieties o terrorism in the years ahead.”
—Paul Pillar,
author of
Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy
September 2012272 pages, 7 x 10 inchesnotes, bibliography, indexcloth $34.95t ISBN 978-0-8265-1855-2ebook $14.99 ISBN 978-0-8265-1857-6