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6476/01
Edexcel GCE
Geography BAdvanced
Unit 6: Synoptic AssessmentIssues Analysis – The Scottish Borders
ADVANCE INFORMATION
To be issued to candidates on Monday 10 December 2007
Do not write anything in this booklet.This must be taken into the examination onThursday 31 January 2008 in the afternoon.
RESOURCE BOOKLET
Items included in this pack:
Resource Booklet
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Instructions to Candidates
Work through the booklet to make sure you understand all the resources. You may seek help fromyour teachers or any other sources in this context. In the examination you will have to apply your critical understanding in an unfamiliar situation.Whilst you may wish to do some background research on the internet on the Scottish Borders in order to understand the resources, you will be assessed only on your critical understanding of the resources provided in this booklet.
Information for Candidates
This booklet
must be taken into the examination
, which is on the afternoon of Thursday 31 January2008.Do NOT write anything in this booklet. Further copies of this booklet may be downloaded from theEdexcel website. Notes may NOT be taken into the examination.
Advice to Candidates
In the synoptic exercise you will be assessed on your ability to synthesise knowledge, understandingand skills derived from your Advanced GCE course.You will also be assessed on the quality of written communication shown throughout your report.
Printer’s Log. No.
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List of ResourcesFigure 1
Geographical background to the Scottish Borders
Page 3Figure 2
Location map of the Scottish Borders
Page 4Figure 3
Unemployment, benefit claims and access to services in the Scottish Borders
Page 5Figure 4
Population pyramids for the five sub-regions of the Scottish Borders, 2001
Page 6Figure 5
Areas of Scotland eligible for EU Structural Funding, 2000–2006
Page 7Figure 6
Changes in three major employment sectors of the Scottish Borders, 1981–2008
Page 8Figure 7
The climate of the Scottish Borders
Page 9Figure 8
Tourism data for the Scottish Tourist Board areas
Page 10Figure 9
The Waverley railway project proposal
Page 11Figure 10
Representative statements
Page 12Figure 11
Newspaper article from
The Scotsman
2005
Page 13Figure 12
Proposed developments in Galashiels
Page 14Figure 13
Photographs A–F
Pages 15 –17You may wish to visit the following websites as part of your initial assessment of the ScottishBorders region:www.waverleyrailwayproject.co.uk www.scottishborders.gov.uk www.scottish.parliament.uk/home.htmwww.europa.eu
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The Scottish Borders is the most south-easterlyof Scotland’s 32 Unitary Council areas. Itssouthern boundary is with the English countiesof Northumberland and Cumbria. To theimmediate north is Edinburgh. The region ischaracterized by the rolling hills of the SouthernUplands and the River Tweed flows through thearea towards Berwick-upon-Tweed. The regionhas no commercial airports, railway stations or motorways.The Scottish Borders region is the second mostsparsely populated area in the UK and has nomajor town or city. The town of Hawick is thelargest settlement in the area with a populationof around 16,000 followed by Galashiels withsome 14,500. The population mainly lives insmall towns and villages.The population is growing, largely resultingfrom migration into the region. The trends areshown on the graph below.
Scottish Borders total population 1961–2010
(Source: visionofbritain.org)
Average weekly earnings in this predominantlyrural region are significantly different fromScotland as a whole and the lowest of any LocalAuthority in Scotland:
Average weeklyearnings, 2005Scottish Borders
£331.30
Edinburgh City
£441.40
Scotland Average
£409.60
(Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings,Office for National Statistics, 2005)
The proportion of elderly people is higher thanin any other local authority area in Scotlandand the Scottish Borders has the highest rateof out-migration of young people of any areain Scotland other than the Highlands andIslands. This out-migration has resulted in arelatively low unemployment rate, although itmay prevent investment in the region. Serviceemployment dominates the rural economy,although manufacturing employment is higher than the average for Scotland, as is employmentin agriculture.
Services
59%
Manufacturing
18%
Agriculture
8%
Construction
8%The region is famous for textiles, especiallywoven and knitted cashmere, tweed and tartan.In spite of the recent difficulties, the textilesindustry is still a major employer.The farm work force is around 2100 full-and part-time, spread across some 1400 farms.Farming ranges from arable in the drier, lower east to upland pastoral farming in the west.Borders farms are home to some 1.2 millionsheep and 150,000 cattle.
(Source: Scottish Agricultural Census, June 2004)
Figure 1 Geographical background to the Scottish Borders
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