For the first lesson we will start by introducing the Greek alphabet five letters at a time,

followed by some numbers!

The trick to learn Greek is to acknowledge that it is a hard and unique language to get
used to so try to stay motivated and practice, practice, practice.
Lets go then:
Letter

Letter Name

Pronunciation

lfa

gum

vta

vase

yma

yacht

-lta

that

psilon

egg

Pronunciation and Transcription Key:

We will use the transcription y to render the sound of . Pronounce it a bit more
strongly.
We will use the transcription to render the sound of .
Letter

Letter Name

Pronunciation

zta

zombie

ta

tip

theatre

yita

tip

kpa

kite

Pronunciation and Transcription Key:

We will use the transcription to render the sound of .

Note that H and are pronounced the same. Greek language, actually, has
dropped prosody and it has no longer short, long or heavy vowels and accents.

Letter

Letter Name

Pronunciation

lm--a

lot

aim

noun

ks

box

mikron

toll

Letter

Letter Name

Pronunciation

paper

ro

raw

s--ma

ace

taf

attic

psilon

tip

Pronunciation and Transcription Key:

is pronounced the same as H and I (see table and note above)
The letter has 3 types. The last one () is the final -s, used only at the end of a
word. Thus, we have .
Letter

Letter Name

Pronunciation

fun

horse

ps

upset

om--

toll

It sounds complicated but it will be much simpler when you actually hear it spoken.
Stressing: Wherever you see the sign (), you know where to stress. Nothing
complicated about this one.

For the next part well be focusing on numbers

1

na

One

do

Two

tra

Three

tssera

Four

pnde

Five

xi

Six

7 ()

eft (ept)

Seven

okt

Eight

ena

Nine

10

-ka

Ten

Lets move on to your first simple phrases!

- Good morning !
- (kalimra)
Now lets introduce ourselves.
- My name is Michael.
- . (Me lne Mihli.)
There is a difference however because it is not a direct translation. In Greek the actual
meaning is They call me Michael / I am called Michael. This is normal however since

in Greek we express ourselves differently than in English. This also has to do with
tradition and culture and not only grammar & syntax.
Two-letter sounds
In Lesson 1, we learnt the Greek alphabet. One thing you should notice is that Greek is
not always pronounced exactly as it is spelled in other words, you do not always read
what you see. Sometimes two letters may form a new sound, which either resembles the
original letters or is totally unrelated. Lets see how this works:
Two-letter vowels:
How it is written

How it is pronounced

, like in e-gg

, like in s-i-t

[u], like in b-oo-k

Two-letter consonants:
How it is written

How it is pronounced

b, like in b-ed

d, like in a-dd

g, like in fi-g

According to the above pronunciation rules,

We see

We read

(woman)

i yineka

i ikona

(image, icon)

(bird)

to pooli

(ball)

i bala

(man)

o andras

(hug)

i agalia

Genders
Greek language has got 3 grammatical genders: masculin, feminine, neutral.
The only thing is, they do not necessarily coincide with the natural gender. Thus, we can
have inanimate objects or animals using the masculine (male) or feminine (female)
gender, whereas persons might be refered to in the neutral gender. For example:
= girl (neutral)
= chair (feminine)
= sun (masculine)
Also, notice the genders in the above pronunciation table.

In vocabulary study, it is paramount that you learn nouns along with their article,
which indicates the gender of the noun. This will help you choose the right forms,
pronouns, adjectives, etc.

The Definite Article

Greek

Pronounced

Gender

masculine

feminine

to

neutral

In the next lesson, we shall see how the article is inflected. For now, lets just learn some
vocabulary to help us start forming our first sentences later on.
masculine nouns:
> o pateras> the father
> o ilios > the sun
> o keros > the weather
> o an--ropos > the human
feminine nouns:
> i mitera > the mother
> i -alassa > the sea
> i karekla> the chair
> i vrohi > the rain
neutral nouns:
> to pe--i > the child
> to xeno--ohio > the hotel
> to trapezi > the table
> to fayito > the food
In the above list you also see some double vowels in action.

Auxiliary verb (to be)

(eyo ime)

(emis imaste)

 (esi ise)

(esis iste)

(aftos ine)

(afti ine)

(afti ine)

(aftes ine)

(afto ine)

(afta ine)

Are you starting to recognize the double vowels we learnt today?

Are you getting familiar with Greek pronunciation?

For corrections, comments, or suggestions, please e-mail to the author.

,

love [v] - ayapao

Love - ayape

,
,

neglect, negligence - avlepsia

(2.3)

(-)
,

Egg- avyo

Angel - agelos
England - aglia

English (language) - aglika

(-, -)

English [aj] (product of English origin)

Englishman, Englishwoman [aj]

,
,

Cucumber- agoiri
cow

thorn

barb

hook

block (solid mass of material)

(-, -)

pure [aj]

(1.1.1)

buy, purchase [v]

boy

market

(-, -)

wild, feral, untamed [aj]

,
(-, -)
,

(-

alert [aj]

stress, anxiety

(3.2.1)

, ,

fight, combat, struggle [v]

empty [aj]

, -)

, ,

farm

sister
brother

 (-, -)
,

rough, coarse [aj]

1. air 2. wind

gas (not liquid or solid)

(-, -), (-, -)

airplane, aircraft, plane

nitrogen

(-, -)
,

gaseous [aj]

athletics, sports
innocent [aj]

blood

feel [v]

sense

(-, -)
,

tapered, pointy [aj]

century

(-, -)

stiff, rigid [aj]

(-, -), (-, -)

irregular, sporadic, intermittent [aj]

sequence

still, yet [av]

file (tool for abrading)

(2.3)

(-)

1. touch [v] 2. support oneself [v]

hear [v]
, ,

edge
grasshopper, locust

(-, -)

exact, precise [aj]

(-, -)

expensive, costly [aj]

,
,

(-, -)

beach
shore
1. ray (of light) 2. radius
salt
fox
plow (plough)
flour
true [aj]

, ,

but [cj]
(1.2.2)

change [v]

(, )
,
,
,

other, another [aj/pn]

mantis
horse

chain

,
,

alcohol

alphabet

car

(-, -)

dull, blunt [aj]

(-, -), (-, -)

direct, immediate [aj]

(-, -), (-, -)

invariant, unchanging [aj]

sand

(-, -)

mutual, reciprocal [aj]

()

doubt [v]

defend [v]

if [cj]

per (time) [pr,av]

()

postpone [v]

(1.1.3)

(-)

recognize, recognise [v]

(1.2.4)

(-, -)
(1.3.6)

(1.1.6.5)

, ,

(-)

1.1.8

(-, -)

(1.1.6.5)

seek, search for, look for [v]

refreshed [aj]

(1.1.6.5)

mix, blend [v]

announce, proclaim [v]
between, among, amidst [av]
bounce, rebound [v]
breathe [v]
inverted, upside-down [aj]
lift [v]
pry open [v]
pause, suspend [v]
east

fan (device to create air current)

wind

(-, -)

independent [aj]

too little, insufficiently [av]

comfort

worry

(-, -)
,

durable, resilient, robust [aj]

carbon
person, human being

(-, -)

foolish, silly [aj]

opening

open [v]

spring (the season)

(-, -)

open [aj]
(3.2.1)

(1.2.5)

compete, strive, vie [v]

exchange, trade, swap [v]

instead of, rather than [av]

copy (a duplicate)

substitution, replacement

(-)

substitute, surrogate [aj]

object

(1.1.13)

perceive [v]
,

(-, -)

thumb

, ,

pump

represent, stand for [v]

backward, reverse [av]

man
value, worth

(1.1.3)

(1.1.13, 1.3.6)

(-, -)

deserve, merit (be worthy of) [v]

past (tense)
prohibit, forbid [v]
gentle, mild [aj]

answer, reply

(-, -)

necessary, needed, required [aj]

across [av]

strike (work stoppage as protest)

(-, -)

greedy [aj]

(-, -)

simple [aj]

(1.1.6.5)

spread, lay [v]

1. from, out of, away from [pr] 2. than [av]

from the front [av]

underneath, below, beneath [av]

from above [av]

from behind, to the rear of [av]

,
,

afternoon
disappointment
1. proof 2. receipt
store, cache, reserve, reservoir

 (1.3.3)

apokalupto

revelation, mystical vision

apokalefe

exclusively [av]
(2.3)

(-)

get, acquire, gain, obtain [v]

leftover, remnant

(, )

reject, refuse [v]

(2.3)

(-)

absorb [v]

distance

absent [aj]

(1.3.3)

result

(2.2.1)

consist of, composed of, comprise [v]

(2.2.1)

constitute [v]

(-, -)

reveal, disclose [v]

1. abrupt [aj] 2. steep [aj]

,

(1.1.3)

(2.3)

fail, miss [v]

decide [v]
avoid, evade (keep away from) [v]

(2.3)

repel [v]

(-, -)
,
,

rarefied, tenuous, diffuse, dilute, sparse, wisp

spider

holiday

(-, -)

,
,
,

late, tardy [aj/av]

like, enjoy [v]

1. article, essay 2. article, determiner
joint (of bones, mechanical parts, etc.)
number

(-, -)

left [aj]

enough, sufficiently [av]

bear

harmony

(-, -)

negative [aj]

lamb

deny [v]

sickness

(-, -)

masculine [aj]

record (cache of information)

, ,

file (dossier; loose bundle of data)

, ,

prototype, exemplar, archetype, model

authority

chief, leader

begin, commence, start [v]

flavor

silver

disease, illness

, ,

exercise, practice

shield

(-, -), (-, -)

white [aj]

elevator, lift

, ,

star

lobster

(-, -)

funny [aj]

lightning

police

safety, security

insurance

(-, -)

ugly [aj]

steam

1. atom 2. individual, person

steel

dawn

furrow, rut, groove

increase [v]

tomorrow [av]

she [pn]

ear

automobile

it [pn]

(-, -)

this [pn]

(-, -)

automatic [aj]

he [pn]

(-, -), (-, -)

native [aj]

neck

remove, subtract, take away [v]

release [v]

foam, froth

mist

waste, misuse [v]

arch

wagon

jar, jug, vase

put [v]

degree

depth

dent, indentation

(-, -)

profound (of intellectual depth) [aj]

(-, -)

deep [aj]

oak

valve

swamp

cotton

barrel, cask

(-, -)

boring, tedious [aj]

boat

weight

(-, -)

heavy [aj]

gravity

basis

rely on [v]

queen

torture, torment [v]

(-, -)

1. basic [aj] 2. alkaline [aj]

king

berry

frog

(-, -)

certain, sure [aj]

needle

arrow

pole, stick

violence, force (unwillingly applied power)

rush, hurry, hasten [v]

rape [v]

(-, -)

violent [aj]

book

library

screw

experience [v]

stupid [aj]

see [v]

eyelash

sprout

help, assist, aid [v]

(-, -)

auxiliary [aj]

bomb

north

parliament, congress

mountain

plug, seal, stopper

brush

butter

evening

boil [v]

rock

find [v]

prize, award

thunder

rain

oat

(-, -)

dirty [aj]

sink [v]

donkey

milk

turkey (the bird)

marriage

glove

cat

fact

laugh [v]

(-, -), (-, -)

full, filled [aj]

beard

(-, -)

general [aj]

(-, -)

generous [aj]

birth

gender

(-/-, -)

old (having lived for a long time) [aj]

old man

taste [v]

taste

bridge

earth (the planet)

for [pr]

collar

why (interrogative) [av]

(-, -)

gigantic [aj]

become [v]

son

(-, -),

gray, grey [aj]

cliff

slide, slip, glide [v]

buttock

dessert

(-, -)

sweet [aj]

1. language 2. tongue (body-part)

opinion

1. become acquainted, familiarize 2. know

knowledge

knee

parent

gene

(-, -)

fertile [aj]

pig

hip

1. letter (a message written and mailed) 2. let

write [v]

quickly, rapidly, swiftly [av]

necktie

line

grammar

gear (toothed wheel)

grass

scratch

stylus

old woman

fist

glass

glasses (eyeglasses)

gymnastics

(-, -)

naked, nude [aj]

woman

turn, rotate, revolve [v]

around [av]

angle

bite [v]

tear (drop)

ring, torus

plum

borrow [v]

lend [v]

forest

1. finger 2. toe

sample

, ,

dusk

indicate, show [v]

tempt [v]

ten [num]

, ,

package, packet, parcel

bundle, bunch

not [av]

tree

tie, bind [v]

(-, -)

right (the direction) [aj]

1. leather 2. skin

second (1/60th of a minute)

accept [v]

poison, toxin

create, make [v]

 (-, -)

public [aj]

through [pr,av]

read [v]

corrosion

chart, diagram

(-, -

diagonal [aj]

process, procedure

provide, supply, furnish [v]

divide [v]

umpire, referee, official

choose, pick up, select, compile [v]

dissolve [v]

protest, objection

duration

(-, -)

famous [aj]

expand, extend [v]

1. interval 2. space (the outer space)

preserve, maintain [v]

advertisement, commercial

(-, -)

different [aj]

teach [v]

(-, -)

international [aj]

(-, -)

1. flared [aj] 2. expanded

address

, ,

direction

, ,

story, report

(-, -), (-, -)

just, fair, equitable [aj]

right, just claim

court (of law)

trial (in court)

, ,

dictator, tyrant

give [v]

repair, fix, mend [v]

fold [v]

1. disk, disc 2. tray

hesitate [v]

net

try, attempt, endeavor [v]

tooth

satellite

, ,

job, employment

container

dragon

activity, bustle, ado

road, way

1. force (the concept in physics) 2. strength

(-, -)

1. loud [aj] 2. possible [aj]

two [num]

,
,

west
,

difficulty, trouble

(-, -)

difficult, hard [aj]

accident

room

week

record (one of many entries in a file)

document

(-, -)

timely, prompt, on time [av/aj]

crime

approve [v]

I [pn]

here [av]

nation

(-, -)

special [aj]

( ),

species

kind, sort, type

image, icon

be [v]

peace

at (in the same location as) [pr]

ticket

million [num]

hundred [num]

revenge, vengeance, retribution

1. issue, edition 2. extradition

there [av]

(-, -)

that (demonstrative) [aj/pn]

church

elect [v]

eclipse

emit [v]

explode [v]

campaign

turn, divert [v]

outside of, exterior to [av]

except for, besides, apart from, excluding [av

rubber

(-, -)

elastic [aj]

spring (metal helix)

flaw, defect, imperfection

decrease [v]

deer

(-, -)

light (of little weight) [aj]

(-, -)

least (smallest quantity of) [aj]

1. control [v] 2. test, check [v]

mercy

(-, -)

free [aj]

olive

helix

(-, -)

serpentine, meandering, convoluted [aj]

attract [v]

1. ellipse 2. scarcity, dearth

marsh

hope [v]

area (in the geometric sense)

fetus (foetus), embryo

trust [v]

hinder, prevent [v]

barrier, obstacle

merchandise, goods, wares

business, commerce

front

one [num]

, )

a [det]

alternate, take turns [v]

evidence

1. care, concern 2. interest, fascination

energy

adult

enthusiasm

nine [num]

jury

(-, -)

guilty [aj]

intestine, gut

, ,

command, order, directive

insect

detect, spot [v]

in, inside of [av]

however, though [cj]

unite [v]

exhaust, use up [v]

stir, agitate [v]

depend on [v]

evaporate [v]

examine, inspect [v]

explanation

six [num]

bump, protrusion

countryside, country

shoot [v]

(-, -)

outer, exterior, external [aj]

retrieve, fetch [v]

province, prefecture

(-, -), (-, -)

rural [aj]

, ,

because of, due to [cj]

invest [v]

query

on [pr,av]

reward [v]

exhibit, display, show off [v]

wish, desire [v]

communication

criticize, criticise [v]

plane (flat surface)

(-, -)

flat, planar [aj]

float [v]

furniture

additionally, in addition [av]

(-, -)

official [aj]

also, too [av]

visit [v]

science

return [v]

attack [v]

check (money order)

perform [v]

permit, allow, let [v]

committee

surface

(-, -)

next [aj]

1. era, epoch 2. season

seven [num]

tool

, ,

work, effort, labor, toil

movie, motion picture

project, undertaking

task, chore, assignment

, ,

play, drama

factory

desert

reptile

crawl [v]

come [v]

(-, -)

interrogative [aj]

question

you [pn]

(-, -)

inner, internal, interior [aj]

, ,

company, firm

label

(-, -)

ready, prepared [aj]

year

(-, -)

kind, polite [aj]

grateful, thankful [aj]

 (-, -)

fragile, delicate [aj]

chance, opportunity

(-, -)

easy [aj]

bless [v]

(-, -)

flexible [aj]

(-, -)

intelligent [aj]

pleasure

(-, -)

nice, pleasant [aj]

thank [v]

(-, -)

snug, tight [aj]

invent [v]

newspaper

enemy

have [v]

sugar

jelly, gel

heat, warmth

(-, -)

warm [aj]

jealousy, envy

zeal

request, ask for [v]

scales

pasta, noodles

paste

(-, -)

alive [aj]

live [v]

belt

animal

the (feminine) [det]

or [cj]

already [av]

electricity

 (-, -)

idiot, idiotic [aj]

age

sun

sunflower

day (daytime, while there is still light)

date (coordinates of a day)

volcano

sound

will, shall [particle]

should, ought to [aux]

chamber

sea

bush, shrub

courage, bravery

miracle

admire [v]

exclamation mark

(-, -)

exclamatory [aj]

view

goddess

theater, theatre

sulfur

want [v]

, ,

subject, topic

foundation

god

deity

harvest, reap [v]

temperature

position

(-, )

positive [aj]

theory

consider, take into account [v]

sheath

nipple

mammal

loop, closed curve

(-/-, -)

feminine [aj]

dome

noise

religion

remember [v]

anger

(-, -)

angry [aj]

(-, -)

specific, particular [aj]

idea

ideogram, glyph

same [aj]

(-, -)

 (-, -)

private [aj]

sweat, perspiration

(-, -)

holy, sacred [aj]

hieroglyph

satisfaction

ability, capacity

virus

1. iris (of eye) 2. rainbow colors

(, )

straight [aj]

(, )

equal [aj]

balance, equilibrium

(-, -)

level, even (on the same level) [aj]

sail

history

claim, assertion

power

maybe, perhaps [av]

ride [v]

(-, -)

clean [aj]

every, each [aj]

, (, )

any (no particular one of) [aj]

sit [v]

mirror

delay, retard, tarry [v]

and [cj]

weather

burn [v]

(-, -)

1. bad [aj] 2. evil [aj]

basket

corn

potassium

(-

, -)

good [aj]

summer

stocking, hose

sock

call, summon [v]

cord, cable

chimney

bell (of church)

curve

canal, channel

rule

cannon

(-, -), (-, -)

normal, ordinary, regular [aj]

regulation

dial

1. do [v] 2. make, render [v]

cover

hat, cap

1. smoke 2. tobacco

whim, caprice

coal

heart

chair (the furniture)

carrot

spool, reel

1. fruit, nut, product of plant 2. wrist

watermelon

, ,

cart, carriage

card

nail (the tool)

tin (metal)

against [pr]

during [av]

storm

(-, -)

vertical [aj]

understand, comprehend [v]

(-, -)

suitable, proper, fit, fitting, appropriate [aj]

consume [v]

swallow [v]

curse

curse, damn [v]

camp, bivouac

construct [v]

condition, state, status

, ,

store, shop

destroy, damage [v]

disaster, catastrophe

shelter, refuge

own, possess [v]

1. category 2. accusation

blame [v]

reside, dwell, live [v]

cockroach, roach

pot

goat

down [av]

under

fuel

(-, -)

hot [aj]

(-/-, -/-)

brown [aj]

coffee

lie (recline horizontally) [v]

shell

vacuum

center, centre

horn (animal's bone-like growth)

profit, gain

1. candle 2. wax

1. chapter (main division of book) 2. capital

head

garden

guitar

chalk

danger

(-, -)

yellow [aj]

steal [v]

cry, weep [v]

branch (of tree)

lock

key (for operating lock)

close, shut [v]

 (-, -)

closed, shut [aj]

hourglass

cage

thread, filament

kick [v]

cut [v]

valley

abdomen

belly

sleep [v]

(-, -)

common [aj]

public, populace, the people

community

bone

(-, -)

red [aj]

hell

adhere, glue [v]

(-, -)

colossal [aj]

, ,

trick, chicanery

swim [v]

node

1. comma 2. party (political)

piece

can, tin

1. near [av] 2. near, close to [pr]

(-, -)

near [aj]

(-, -)

short (of little length) [aj]

shorts, trunks

string

daughter

pupil (of eye)

girl

horn (one that makes noise when blown)

frame (of painting, picture, etc.)

, ,

top, peak, summit

1. cosmos, world 2. people (many human bein

chicken

bucket

blanket

bell (of house, school, etc.)

doll, effigy

culture

button

shake [v]

rabbit

mosquito

paddle, oar

coupon

 (-, -)

tired, weary [aj]

curtain

spoon

box

helmet

wine

hold, grasp [v]

keep, retain [v]

bed

hang, suspend, dangle [v]

onion

judge [v]

hide, conceal [v]

(, )

cold [aj]

crystal (glass of high quality)

crystal (solidified compound)

 (-, -)

possessive [aj]

building, edifice

government

cube

1. circle 2. cycle

circuit

roll [v]

cylinder

wave

hunt, pursue, chase [v]

(-, -)

chief, main, primary, principal [aj]

master, lord

code

(-, -)

comical [aj]

cone

, ,

tongs

hare

oil (extracted from living plants)

throat, neck

receive [v]

lamp

bright, shiny [aj]

shine [v]

(-, -)

wrong, incorrect [aj]

, ,

people (a people), folk

mud

cabbage

vegetables

(, )

smooth [aj]

blemish, spot

word

dictionary

vocabulary

blade

detail

minute (1/60th of an hour/degree)

(-, -), (-, -)

thin, slender [aj]

(-, -)

thin (of little viscosity) [aj]

club, society

, ,

money

say, tell [v]

bus

field (expanse of land), meadow

(-, -)

few [aj]

little (to a small degree) [av]

(-, -)

little (a small quantity of) [aj]

(-, -)

less [aj]

port

lake

flax

lion

fat

list

1. account (of money) 2. bill, invoice

logic

reason, justification, rationale

speech, talk

ratio, proportion

(-, -)

slanted [aj]

sausage

flower

strap

hill

(-, -)

bent [aj]

twilight (before sunrise)

wolf

twilight (after sunset)

, ,

sadness

(-, -)

sad, unhappy, melancholy [aj]

melt [v]

stripe

magic, sorcery

cook [v]

witch

magnet

sorcerer

cheek

1. mass 2. lump, clod, blob

gather, collect [v]

together [av]

learn [v]

monkey

(-

long [aj]

, -)

far [av]

(-, -)

far [aj]

(-, -)

soft, malleable [aj]

wool

hair (atop one's head, collectively)

mushroom

mandarin, tangerine

guess, conjecture [v]

pillow, cushion

lettuce

breast

eye

game, match

 (-, -)

black [aj]

knife

stab, jab [v]

with (accompanied by) [pr]

(-, -)

big, large [aj]

grow [v]

size

(-, -)

most (the largest quantity of) [aj]

method

minority

melancholy

ink

study [v]

honey

bee

future (not past or present)

future (tense)

1. member (of group/organization) 2. limb

mint

hinge

remain, stay [v]

allocation, allotment, portion

, ,

day (24-hour period)

part

1. inside [av] 2. means

, ,

media

midnight

1. waist 2. middle

noon

, ,

1. middle, in-between 2. average

1. after (later than) [av]

by means of, via, together with [pr]

vary [v]

translocate [v]

move [v]

mineral, ore

metal

regret [v]

silk

carry [v]

1. count, enumerate [v] 2. measure [v]

(-, -)

modest [aj]

forehead

zero [num]

length

apple

month

message

mother

1. engine 2. machine

(-, -)

small [aj]

(-, -), (-, -)

tiny, minuscule [aj]

microscope

speak, talk [v]

imitate, mimic [v]

(-, -)

half [aj]

hate [v]

quote, cite [v]

vogue, trend, fad, fashion

lead (metal)

pencil

pollute, contaminate [v]

(-, -)

lonely [aj]

(-, -)

permanent, perpetual [aj]

only, solely [av]

molecule

motor

, ,

motorcycle

music

mustard

lever

enter, go into [v]

ball

balloon

patch

bamboo

banana

bar, pub

bar, rod, rail

basketball

spice, seasoning

baseball

pea

pool, billiards

beer

blue [aj]

paint, crayon

can [aux]

bottle

bud (of flower/leaf)

boutique

arm (shoulder to hand)

in front of, ahead of [av]

brass

bowl

brain

fly (the insect)

fiction

mill

ant

smell

muscle

mystery

(-, -)

secret [aj]

nose

purple, violet [aj]

baby, infant

yes

sodium

news, tidings

(, )

new [aj]

neon

 (-, -)

young (of little age; having existed/lived for a

(-, -)

dead [aj]

fairy

water

nerve

jade

kidney

island

, ,

concept, meaning

coin

law

county

hospital

south

mind

tomato

, ,

shower

shame, embarrassment

nail (fingernail)

night

surprise, startle [v]

(-, -)

sudden [aj]

hotel, inn

vomit [v]

(-, -)

dry [aj]

know [v]

escape, flee from [v]

forget [v]

burst [v]

distinguish, differentiate [v]

nut (hard-shelled fruit/seed)

vinegar

wood (the substance)

(-, -)

sour [aj]

sharpen, rub, abrade [v]

(-, -)

awake [aj]

razor

shave [v]

the (masculine) [det]

oval

guide, lead [v]

street

family

(-, -)

frugal, thrifty [aj]

(-)

butler, maid

eight [num]

(, )

all [aj]

(-, -)

whole, entire, complete [aj]

1. team (sports) 2. group, crew, squad

fog

(-, -)

beautiful, handsome, good looking [aj]

umbrella

, ,

navel

dream

name

(-, -)

acidic [aj]

acid

(, )

sharp, keen, pointy, acute [aj]

oxygen

gun, weapon

1. organism 2. organization

organ

organize, organise [v]

1. organization 2. sect (religious)

rectangle

(-, -)

horizontal [aj]

limit

bay

mount (mass of land)

condition, term, provision

odor

that (complementizer) [cj]

whatever [aj]

(-, -)

neuter [aj]

tail

rainbow

sky, heaven, celestial realm

serpent

vehicle

no

face, appearance

ice

trap

(-, -)

chilly, frigid [aj]

freeze [v]

passive (voice)

child

1. play, recreate, frolic [v] 2. play (musical in

praise, compliment, laud [v]

take [v]

1. game 2. toy

palm (of hand)

wrestle [v]

, -

again, re- [av]

tide

(-, -)

old (existing for a long time) [aj]

coat

cloth

university

celebrate, rejoice [v]

always [av]

pants, trousers

above, over [av]

up [av]

jacket

, ,

priest, clergyman

shoe

example

paradise

admit, confess [v]

1. submission, surrender 2. tradition

window

resign [v]

(-, -)

parallel [aj]

(-, -), (-, -)

strange, weird, unusual, peculiar [aj]

perfect (tense)

imperfect (tense)

1. notice, observe [v] 2. guard, monitor [v]

past (not present or future)

interfere [v]

park

(-, -), (-, -)

similar [aj]

present (the now)

(-, -)

present (not past or future) [aj]

, ,

rug, mat

potato

step on (push or press on something) [v]

father

bottom

floor

1. thickness (of an object) 2. fat (of an animal

(-, -)

chubby, plump [aj]

(-, -

thick, fat [aj]

(-, -)

viscous, thick [aj]

die [v]

experiment

temptation

five [num]

veil

melon

1. away [av] 2. beyond, farther than, exceedin

pride (state of being proud)

environment, surroundings

describe [v]

contain [v]

pod (seed pod)

wait (for), await [v]

magazine, journal

(-, -)

periodic [aj]

period

restrain, inhibit, hold back [v]

region, area

drift, wander [v]

(-, -)

more [aj]

walk [v]

butterfly

1. fly [v] 2. throw, toss [v]

stone

jewel, gem

oil (crude), petroleum

towel

succeed [v]

pine

go [v]

1. spring of water 2. source

chin

pedal

jump, leap [v]

clay

coil

fork

piano

catch (stop the motion) [v]

dish, plate

press (apply pressure) [v]

(-, -)

probable [aj]

probably [av]

ape

(-, )

bitter [aj]

drink [v]

more [av]

pepper (spice)

pepper (hot/sweet/bell pepper)

ginger

tar

believe [v]

(-, -)

loyal [aj]

credit (permission to borrow money)

back [av]

behind

rear, back part of

pizza

 (-, -), (-, -)

sloped, inclined, declined (not horizontal) [aj

planet

, ,

plastic

back (of body)

, ,

width

(-, -), (-, )

wide, broad (of space between objects) [aj]

majority

wash [v]

side, flank, lateral area

wound

injure, harm [v]

flood, deluge

information

pay [v]

, , ,

ship

(-, -)

rich, wealthy [aj]

spirit

lung

drown [v]

bicycle

1. foot 2. leg

apron

soccer

poem

war

city

polarity

state (political entity)

politics

civilization

(-, -)

many (a large number of) [aj]

multiply [v]

much, very [av]

(

, )

much (a large quantity of) [aj]

(-, -)

complex [aj]

pain

mouse

route, path, course

door

orange (tree/fruit)

orange (the color) [aj]

quantity

river

when (interrogative) [av]

1. ever (at any time) [av] 2. never [av]

that (complementizer) [cj]

where (interrogative) [av]

shirt

sell [v]

bird

(-, -)

real, actual [aj]

agency, bureau

act, deed

(-, -)

green [aj]

, /

ambassador

, ,

swelling, inflation

before [av]

ago, before (in the past) [av]

saw (the tool)

sheep

predict, expect, anticipate [v]

program, programme

, /

president

warn [v]

origin

(-, -)

prior, preceding, previous [aj]

cause [v]

progress, advancement

destination

to, towards, toward [pr]

forward, ahead [av]

insult

pray [v]

add, append [v]

invite [v]

attention, caution, prudence, carefulness

pretend, act, feign [v]

protect [v]

recently [av]

(-, -)

recent [aj]

offer [v]

(-, -)

dear, precious, cherished [aj]

offer

face

(-, -), (-, -)

temporary, transient, ephemeral [aj]

sentence (of words)

suggest, propose [v]

intend, mean to [v]

favor, prefer [v]

earlier than [av]

, /

prime minister

morning

(-, -)

novel, original (non-imitative) [aj]

(-, -)

early, premature [aj/av]

(-, -)

dense [aj]

density

pyramid

fever

rocket

tower

that (complementizer) [cj]

how [av]

sew [v]

radio (apparatus, wireless set)

racket, racquet

shelf

, ,

spine, backbone

flow [v]

(-, -)

shallow [aj]

root

clock, watch

role

club, cudgel

suck [v]

garment

rice

rhythm

wrinkle, crease

ask, inquire [v]

sack

salad

like, similar to [av]

board (piece of wood)

sandwich

rot, decay [v]

soap

meat, flesh

(-, -)

clear, plain [aj]

lizard

erase, delete [v]

respect, venerate, esteem [v]

series

earthquake

page

sheet (of cloth, covering a bed)

sex (copulation)

sign

mark

flag, banner

(-, -)

important [aj]

note, annotation

today [av]

slowly [av]

(-, -), (-, )

quiet, soft, faint (of little sonic intensity) [aj]

iron

railroad

screen, mesh

, ,

wheat

drain

(-, -)

silent [aj]

tear, rip [v]

squirrel

dig [v]

chess

ladder, stair, stairs

climb [v]

1. skeleton 2. frame(of building, glasses, etc.)

think, ponder [v]

thought

ski

shadow, shade

slave

(-, -)

hard, firm, resistant to pressure [aj]

dust, powder

score (in sports, games)

garlic

spill (drop particles) [v]

(-, -)

dark, dim [aj]

kill [v]

worm

broom

garbage, trash, rubbish

sweep [v]

rust

dog

push (press on something) [v]

 (-, -)

serious, earnest, grave [aj]

soya, soybean

chocolate

soup

sesame

wisdom

attic, garret

(-, -)

wise [aj]

break (into pieces) [v]

sword

spinach

seldom, rarely [av]

spiral, whorl

cave

spear, lance

match (little fire-stick)

house, home

grain

seed

1. chest (upper front of torso) 2. breast 3. whi

drop (of liquid)

(-, -)

gradual [aj]

(-, -)

constant, stable [aj]

station, depot

cease, stop, quit [v]

cross

grape

ash

roof

stand [v]

send, dispatch, transmit [v]

sorrow, uneasiness

 (-, -)

narrow [aj]

solid

(-/-, -)

solid [aj]

stereo system

earth (firm ground, not water or air)

lack [v]

moment, instant

element

ornament, decoration

mouth

stomach

orifice

aim [v]

soldier

(-, -)

military [aj]

army

layer

pen

post (pole anchored in ground)

(-, -)

concentrated, not distracted [aj]

(-, -)

obscure [aj]

compare [v]

forgive, pardon [v]

discuss, talk about [v]

, /

husband, wife, spouse

fig

liver

syllable

capture, seize [v]

reasoning, rational thought

happen, occur [v]

compromise

contract

symbol, sign, token

advice

pity, feel compassion [v]

universe

behavior, conduct

(-, -)

concentrated, with increased density [aj]

context (in language, meaning)

consonant

agree [v]

plus [cj]

meet, encounter (come across) [v]

connection, joint, junction

staple

(-, )

conscious, aware [aj]

consequence

cooperate, collaborate [v]

continue, keep on [v]

habit, custom

(-, -)

usual [aj]

crush [v]

cloud

1. set (math) 2. total, sum, aggregate

border, boundary

constitution (charter of an organization)

soon [av]

(-, -)

short (of little duration), brief [aj]

syringe

wire

shrink, contract [v]

system

associate [v]

association

frequently, often [av]

frequency, rate

1. sphere 2. bullet

wedge

(-, -)

taut, tight, tense, strained [aj]

sponge

hammer

whistle [v]

plan, design

, ,

pattern

almost, nearly [av]

relationship

about [av]

form, shape

crack, fissure

rope

school

comment

save, rescue [v]

pipe, tube

body

pile, heap

(-, -)

right, correct [aj]

ceiling

tavern

band, tape

match (suitable association of things)

, ,

talent, skill, knack

, ,

order

journey, trip, voyage

classification

 (-, -)

humble [aj]

riot

, ,

tendency, propensity, inclination

bull

(-, -)

identical [aj]

mail [v]

speed, velocity

end, conclude, finish [v]

, ,

ritual, rite, ceremony

(-, -)

last, final [aj]

eventually [av]

tennis

stretch, extend [v]

(-, -)

huge, enormous, humongous [aj]

four [num]

square

art

(-, -)

artificial [aj]

technique

technology

fireplace, hearth

pan

telescope

television

telephone, phone

tiger (Felis tigris)

price, cost

punish [v]
,

section, segment

the (neuter) [det]

most (to the largest degree) [av]

at most, only, just, merely [av]

wall

tone, pitch

bow

place [v]

place, location

toilet, water closet

brick

at least [av]

gun

pull [v]

sing [v]

bank (the financial institution)

table (the furniture)

(-, -)

insane, crazy, mad [aj]

train

run [v]

three [num]

rosebush

rose

grind, rub, abrade [v]

triangle

hair (a single strand)

manner, way

food

pulley

wheel

hole

drill

(-, -)

hollow [aj]

eat [v]

tea

bag

axe

pocket

cigarette

(-), (-)

stingy [aj]

rake

wrap [v]

drum

print [v]

cheese

tornado

luck, chance

now [av]

(-, -)

healthy [aj]

liquid

(-, -)

wet, liquid [aj]

matter (physics)

material, substance

obey [v]

exist, am [v]

too much, excessively [av]

(-, -)

obese [aj]

(-, -)

responsible, in charge [aj]

responsibility, liability, accountability

serve [v]

, ,

bedroom

cellar, basement

emphasize, emphasise, accentuate, stress [v]

suppose, presume [v]

calculate, compute, reckon [v]

computer

rest of, remainder

patience

support [v]

promise , pledge

weave [v]

fabric

height

meal

seem, appear to be [v]

envelope

lentil

lens

whale

imagine [v]

ghost

medicine (substance)

bean

moon

cork

bring [v]

leave, depart [v]

fall, autumn

snake

kiss [v]

(-, -)

charitable [aj]

friend

kiss

vein

cup

fear, be afraid of [v]

iteration, time, instance

uniform

tax

truck, lorry

load, burden

batch

oven

skirt

(),

football (American)

fence

brake

fruit

eyebrow

arrive, reach, extend (as far as) [v]

sneeze [v]

heel

feather

wing (of bird)

(-, -)

cheap, inexpensive [aj]

shovel

spit [v]

(-/-, -)

poor, impoverished [aj]

prison, jail

race (group of people)

1. leaf 2. sheet (of paper, metal, but not cloth)

, ,

film (very thin layer)

sex (gender)

blow [v]

nature (the non-artificial world)

peanut

plant

nest, den, lair

cry out, shout, yell [v]

voice

vowel

light

fire

picture, photograph

thousand [num]

hail

quartz

(-, -)

loose, baggy, slack [aj]

harness

copper

(-, -)

low (not tall; of little height) [aj]

smile [v]

misplace, lose [v], lose [vt]

quality, trait, attribute, characteristic

(-, -)

happy [aj]

map

paper

lip

winter

gesture [v]

turtle, tortoise

hand, arm

handle, knob

chemistry

chemical

yesterday [av]

snow

swine

hockey

dance [v]

date (tree/fruit)

need, require [v]

debt, obligation [to pay]

debit, charge

use, utilize, utilise [v]

chronicle

1. time (the 4th universal dimension) 2. year

gold

color

comb

build [v]

hit, strike, beat, batter [v]

stroke, jolt, blow [of force]

juice

pour (cause to flow), spill (drop liquid, but no

soil

country

village

without, lacking [av]

apart, separately [av]

space (the one with three dimensions)

scissors

trim, prune [v]

fish

lie (falsehood)

lie (utter a falsehood) [v]

(-, -),

false, untrue [aj]

(-, -)

high, tall [aj]

bake [v]

vote [v]

digit, numeral

soul, psyche

(-, -)

cool [aj]

bread

drive, impel, propel [v]

ocean

shoulder

hour

(-, -)

nice, good looking, handsome [aj]

(-, -)

1. ripe [aj] 2. mature [aj]