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ESSAY QUESTIONS Question 1 (a) A ball is moving with constant velocity collides with another ball which has

a smaller mass. Before collision, the smaller ball is at stationary.

of the plasticine balls, the surface of the wood, the surface of the sponge before and when the plasticine balls hit the surfaces. Relate the changes in shapes of the plasticine balls and the surfaces to deduce a relevant physics concept. (b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is released until it reaches the position in Diagram (b). (c) An earth-monitoring satellite monitoring falls into the earths atmosphere at a high velocity and reaches a high temperature. This is caused by the earths gravitational force and air resistance. Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to protect the satellite and its equipment: (i) from extreme heat, (ii) from breaking up on landing [10 m] Question 3 (SPM 2008) Section B Diagram 3.1 shows two identical steel .1 balls placed onto spring M and spring N. Both springs are elastic and fixed to a horizontal surface. The springs are pushed down until the lengths of spring M and spring N are the same. [Assume spring M and spring N are of the same material, same coil diameter and same original length]

Explain the changes which occur to each ball during the collision. (b) For safety reason, explain why a bus must have passenger and speed limit.

Question 2 SPM 2003 Section B Diagram 2(a) shows two identical (a) plasticine spherical balls before being released from the same height. Diagram (b) shows the state of the plasticine balls when the hit the wood and the lls sponge. It was observed that the plasticine stopped more quickly when it hit the wood.

(a) (i) What does the word momentum mean? (ii) Observe Figure(a) and Figure(b). Compare the shape
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(ii) Using Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2, state the energy .2, changes that take place from the moment the spring is compressed until the ball reaches its maximum height. [2 marks] (c) Diagram 3.3 shows a pole vaulter .3 performing a jump.

Diagram 3.3 (i) What is the meaning of elasticity? ty? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 3.1 and .1 Diagram 3.2, compare the .2, thickness of the spring wire and the maximum height reached by the balls. Relate the thickness of the spring wire with the maximum height of the ball to make a deduction regarding the relationship between the thickness of the spring wire and the elastic potential energy of the spring. [5 marks] (b) The forces used to compress the ompress springs in Diagram 3.1(a) and .1(a) Diagram 3.1(b) are F1 and F2 respectively. (i) Compare F1 and F2. Give one reason for this answer. [2 marks]
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Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the use of suitable equipment and techniques to improve his performance. Your answer should include the following aspects: (i) Vaulters attire (ii) Vaulters movement (iii) Pole used (iv) Safety [10 m]

Question 4 SPM 2007 Section C Diagram 11.1 shows the speed limit and the load limit of heavy vehicles such as buses and lorries.

Diagram 11.1 (a) What is meant by speed? [1 m] (b) Using the concepts of momentum and inertia, explain why the speed limit and the load limit must be imposed on heavy vehicles. [4 m] (c) A tanker of mass 1 800 kg accelerates from rest to a velocity of 45 km/hr in 10 s. (i) Calculate the acceleration of the tanker (ii) Calculate the force acting on the tanker. [5 m] (d) Diagram 11.2 shows four tankers P, Q, R and S, with different specifications. You are required to determine the most suitable ermine tanker to deliver oil safely. Study the specifications of all the four tankers from the following aspects: - The type of brakes - The number of tyres - The number and size of the tanks - The distance between the trailer and the tractor. Explain the suitability of the aspects. Justify your choice. [10 m]
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Question 5 Spiderman heard a loud sound when he jumped down on to a wooden platform without bending his legs as shown in Diagram 7.1. He repeated the action (at the same at height) but bend his legs while landing and heard a soft sound while landing on the same platform as shown in Diagram 7.2. The Spiderman experienced a change of momentum in both situations and he took shorter time to complete his action when he landed without bending his legs. Loud landing sound

momentums experienced by the Spiderman. Relate the time for change of momentum and the force acting on the Spiderman, deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks] Question 6: Conceptual: SBP F4 08 Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two springs M and N. Both springs are of the same material and same wire thickness but have different spring constant.

DIAGRAM 7.1 Soft landing sound (i) What is meant by spring constant? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the mass loaded by the spring, the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring. Relate the mass loaded by the spring, the diameter of the spring and the extension of the spring with the spring constant. [5 marks] Question 7:Understanding: SBP F4 08 Understanding:

DIAGRAM 7.2

(i) What is meant by momentum? [1 mark] (ii) Using Diagram 7.1 and 7.2, compare the change of
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The springs in Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 will return to its original length when the load is removed. Explain how the forces between molecules cause the ela elasticity. [ 4 marks] Question 8: Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show two methods of transfering a heavy load of 50 kg from the ground to the lorry. The forces needed to transfer the heavy load are not the same. However, the work done for both methods of transfering are the same.

Relate the forces needed to transfer the load and the distance travelled by the load with the work done. wo State the relationship between the potential energy gained by the load and the work done on transfering the load. [ 5 marks]

Question 9:Understanding: SBP Mid 08 Understanding: Diagram 11 shows the structure of a rocket.

Diagram 10.1

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, explain the working principle of the rocket. [4 marks] Question 10: Qualitative: SBP F4 08 Qualitative Diagram 9.3 shows a spring of the suspension system in an ordinary motorcycle. [1 mark] (b) Using diagram 10.1 and 10.2, compare the forces needed to transfer the load, the distance travelled by the load and the potential energy gained by the load.

Diagram 10.2 (a) What is meant by work?

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(i) State two functions of the s spring in the suspension system ? [2 marks] (ii) Using the suitable physics concepts, you are required to give some suggestions on designing a racing motorcycle of 500cc. Explain your suggestions based on the following aspects ; - density of motorcycle parts - engine power - spring in suspension system - size of tyre - the designs of the spring Question 11: Qualitative: Johor 07 : Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a school bus. Using Diagram 9.1 and the information given about the weight of the two objects, compare the mass of the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the positions of the coin and the leaf and finally, deduce the physical quantity which causes the object to fall. [5 marks] (b) A stone which is released from a tall building falls down in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an energy change. (i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark] (ii) Explain the energy changes in the stone [4 marks] (c) Diagram 9.2 shows a student trying to launch a water rocket.

DIAGRAM 9.3 Explain the modification to the bus to help to improve the safety of the passengers and will be more comfortable. Emphasise your explanation in the following aspects: (i) the shape of the bus body, (ii) safety features of the bus. [10 marks] Question 12: Section B (a) Diagram 9.1 represents a 50 cent coin and a leaf falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier than the leaf.

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(a) (i) What is the meaning of momentum. [1 mark] (ii) You are required to give some suggestion on how to design a water rocket for a national competition. Using the knowledge on forces, motion and properties of materials, explain the suggestion based on the following aspects: (i) Material used (ii) Shape of the rocket (iii) Angle of launching (iv) Volume of water in the rocket (v) Added structure for the moti motion of the rocket. [10 marks] State the total momentum of the pistol and bullet in Diagram 9.1. Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the total momentum before and after the bullet is fired. Using Diagram 9.2, compare ram the magnitude and direction of the momentum of the bullet and pistol. Name the physics principle that can be applied to the motion of the bullet and pistol. [5 marks]

(iii) Diagram 9.3 shows the structure of a jet engine for a small jet plane.

Question 13 Section B: Diagram 9.1 shows a stationary pistol on a smooth surface. Diagram 9.2 shows the pistol and bullet after the pistol has been fired by remote control.

You are required to give some suggestions to improve the design of the jet engine so that it can be used on a larger jet plane that travels at a higher speed. Using the knowledge on forces and
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motion and the properties of materials, explain the suggestions based on the aspects labeled on Diagram 9.3. [10 marks] Question 14: Section B Diagram 9 shows a ball placed on the smooth incline plane at point P. The ball is rolling down over the incline plane caused by gravitational potential energy. Point Q and point R are at the middle of the incline plane and at the ground respectively.

(c) Explain what happen to the velocity of the ball when it reaches point R on the ground. [3 marks]

(d) Based on the physical principle above, you are required to design a roller skate track. Using appropriate physics concept, explain the design of the roller skate track so that it can be used te to oscillate skate board continuously. Your answer should inculed the following aspects. (i) Shape of the track (ii) Slope of the track (iii)Surface of the track Surface (iv)Safety [10 marks]

(a) What is meant by gravitational potential energy? [1 mark] (b) (i) Using Diagram 9, compare the height of the ball, the gravitational potential energy of the ball, the velocity of the ball and the kinetic energy of the ball at point P and point Q. Deduce the relationship between the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy of the rolling ball. [5 marks] (ii) Name the physical principle involved in (b)(i) [1 mark]

Question 15: Section C: Pahang 09 You are a coach responsible to choose a student to join the school basket ball team. A basic physical fitness test was carried out and the results based on certain characteristics are as shown in table 11.1. A Mass / kg Height / m Responding time / s Power (time 4 taken to transfer 50 bricks to a distance of 5 m / min Time taken 11.0 to complete 100 m run /s
70 1.3 0.01

B
65 1.5 0.20 3

C
50 1.7 0.01 2

D
60 1.4 0.05 2

E
40 1.6 0.04 1

10.6

10.5

11.2

12.4

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(a) What is meant by power? [1 mark] (b) Based on table 11.1, explain the suitable characteristics of the student to be in the basket ball team. Choose which student will be in the basket ball team and explain your choice. [10 marks] (c) When a 100 m runner reached the finish line, the runner stopped suddenly and fell on the ground. Explain the situation using the appropriate physics concept. [4 marks] (d) Two students were asked to run up the stairs to the top floor of a 10 m building. Data obtained for the two students are as shown by table 11.2 Mass /kg Time /s Student A 55.0 12.0 Student B 60.0 14.0

Calculate power of each student and determine which student has the highest power. [5 marks]

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