AVICENNA AND MODERN NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES brahim Hakk AYDIN* ZET slam dnce dnyasna byk katklar olan

bn Sn, Batda Avicenna olarak tannm ve msbet ilimlerdeki almalaryla tp dnyasna nemli hizmetlerde bulunmutur. O sadece bir filozof olarak deil tp alanndaki bulularyla da tm dnyada tannmtr. Onun hem felsefe hemde tp alannda kayda deer nemli almalar vardr. Bir tp ansiklopedisi hviyetini tayan el-Kanunu uzun yllar Avrupa niversitelerinin Tp fakltelerinde ders kitab olarak okutulmutur. Bu balamda bn Sn tp ve eczaclk alanlarnda zgn almalar yapmtr. Bu almalara rnek olarak; yz feli, beyinsel inmeler, sarlk hastalna getirdii yeniliklerle civann buharnn ila olmasnn yannda zehirli olduunu tesbite dair yapt katklar sayabiliriz. Bu bulularnn bir ounun geerliliini hala devam ettirdiini de belirtmeliyiz. Bizim bu almamzda ele aldmz Norolojik bilimlere hizmeti onun bu sahada ne derece yetkin olduunu gstermesi bakmndan da ayrca nemlidir. bn Sina nro-anotomiye Vermis ve Tailed Nucleus tabirini kazandran bilim adamdr. O, gnmzde nrolojik bilimlerde nemli bir hastalk grubunu oluturan menenjitleri beynin bizzat kendisinden kaynaklanan tmrlerden ve iltihaplanmasndan ortaya kan menenjitler ile vcudun bir baka yerinde oluan mikrobik hadisenin beyine yaylmas sonucu meydana gelen menenjitleri tarif etmi ve birbirinden farkl iki antite-pataloji olduklarn bin yl ncesinden kefederek tanmlamtr. Bu katklar dolaysyla tp dnyas ona ok eyler borludur. Zira o, kendinden sonra ayn yolda yreyecekler iin bir iz brakmtr. Yine bn Sn, yal hastalarda klostrol seviyesinin artmasna bal olarak grlen tansiyon ykselmesi problemini ognden tesbit etmi ve zerinde almalar yapmtr. Nrolojik alanla ilgili bugnn teknolojik seviyesiyle ulalan noktalar ile bn Snnn alt zamann artlar gz nnde bulundurularak bir mukayese yaplacak olursa dnrmzn ne derece nemli hizmetlerde bulunduu aka grlecektir. bn Sn Dnya dnce sistemine yapt deerli katklar dolaysyla bugne dein dnyann bir ok lkesinde eitli vesilelerle anlm, adna pul bastrlm, konferanslar dzenlenmi, yaynlar karlmtr. lkemizde de benzer faaliyetler, sembozyumlar, kitap yaynlar yaplmtr. Gelecek yllarda da onun iin sembozyumlar dzenlenebilir, tpk Unesco tarafndan Yunus Emre yl ila edildii gibi bn Sn yl kararlatrlabilir, bir bst dikilebilir. Temennimiz, bilhassa lkemiz de ve tm dnyada bu deerli ilim ve fikir adam iin benzer faaliyetlerin artrlarak devam etmesidir. AVICENNA AND MODERN NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES brahim Hakk AYDIN* The name of Ibn Sn, known in the West as Avicenna, is always associated with a great philosopher as well as a great physician. It was he who lit the torch of science and carried it form the East to the West. This fact is obvious enough for us not to add any explanatory comment to his life story.1 Because Ibn Sns works have never ceased to cast light on the cognitive sciences as well as on natural sciences. Even in our time, when technological progress is believed to have attained the most advanced phase, the modern sciences are guided by his candle of learning which is still radiant. Ibn Sn, who recognized the concepts of marifet and knowledge as synonyms, united philosophy with the study of nature and appreciated them as having equal merits. He is well- known by his extraordinary intelligence, limitless -prospect and mastery in all the then known sciences. George Sarton, in his work titled Introduction to the History of Science describes him as the greatest of the world of Islam and of the most renowned personality of the world. The following quotations. I believe, will show his distinctive place in the realm of Medicine. Medicine was not in existence until Hippocrates created it, then it was about to die until Galenos reanimated it, it remained dissipated until Razi united the pieces and it was yet incomplate until Ibn Sn completed it.2 It would also suffice to remember that he was portrayed as a prominend figure who was surpassed by neither Galenos nor by Hyppocrates and that he was entitled as The King of Physicians.3 His prominent place in the field of Medicine was due to his most famuos book named Al- Kanun (Canon of Medicine) which has served for centuries as a reference book and a basis for medical teaching and practice in almost all of the Medical schools of the west and so maintained his authority until modern times.

Among some of his innovations in the fields of medicine and pharmacology are the diagnosis of facial paralyses, differentiation of brain paralysis from hyperemie crisis, introduction of new methods of juandice (hepatitis) treatment, discovery of the healing property of gaseous mercury besides its poisoneus quality.4 He had several contributions to medicine and pharmacology with his innovations and discoveries from which useful information can still be derived. In this paper, my intention is to do my best in making him known better by those who may like to be more familiar with him, emphasis on his therapeutics. I would like to point out his contributions particularly to neurology. Ibn Sn is the innovator of the terms vermis and tailed nucleus which were borrowed and have been used by neuro-anatomy up to the present time. Another term nucleus caudatus, which is frequently used today, is derived from the former ones.5 It was he who diagnosed and differentiated menengiditis which constitutes an important group of disseasses in neurology from the other types of menegites induced by the brain itself and form any infectious brain disease. He was able to diagnose and describe the type of menengiditis induced by any infection in other parts of the body. He proved, antitepathology. 6His descriptions and explanations about the physiology of eye movements constitute a basis of information for the present day ophtalmologists. He provided us7 with very useful information about optic nerves, iris, central and peripheral facial paralyses.8 Hundreds of years ago he was able to discover the causes of heamorrhage induced by high blood pressure because of higher level of collestarol in blood.9 This yielded him to investigate the ways of controlling the blood pressure. In addition to a separate chapter in his Kanun on blood pressure, he wrote a treatise on the methods of diagnosis of several diseases only by feeling the pulse and observing inhalation.10 Aruze eher states that Ibn Sn was a skilfull competent physician in finding the symptoms several diseases only by feeling patients pulsation.11 We have today reached a point in technolocigal progress which we would never dreamed of twenty or twenty five years ago. A scholar who lived a thousand year before our time has still a distinguished place in the world of medicine with his contributions of original terminology to the field of neuro-anatomy and neuro-physiology. Among these vermis, tailed nucleus and nucleus caudatus 12 are worth mentioning. I have so far pointed out some of his innovations in the world of medicine in addition to his contributions to the field of intellectual speculation. Owing to his valuable accomplishments and innovations in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatrics, the Soviet Government put postage stamps into circulation bearing the inscription of Kitab-el-Kanun fit-Tp li Eb Ali eyh Ibn Sn n Arabic characters, to celebrate the millenary of his birth as an indication of her appreciation of his exalted place in scholarship.The Soviet administration issued some other stamps of lower value (4 copecs) with an illustration of himself and the dates of his birth and death.13 Extensive antropological studies started and carried out by some Soviet scholars like Ternousky, M.M. Gerasimov, Dr. A. Atabekov and Sh. Khamadullin were evaluated by the Andijan State Medical Institute in Uzbekistan. Based on these findings obtained as a result of these studies, a bust of Ibn Sn was sculptured and erected by Ye S. Sokolova, a Russian carver. In the same year (1980) a book titled A Bust of Abu Ali Ibn Sn, A Scientific Reconstruction of the Great Scholars Image was published in Tashkent by A. Atabek and Sh. Kh. Khamadullin both in English and Russian. A special session of the Twenty Eighth International Conference of Medical History, held between 31 st August and 7 th September, 1981, in Barcelona was devoted to Ibn Sn, on the occasion of the millenary of his birth.14 In England Ibn Sn was recognized as an innovating neurologist by the scholarly circles and the pobtage stamp issued by Soviet Government was regarded a rare piece of highest value as an indication of his remearkable place in neurological science.15 All these prove that his place in the world of medicine is beyond dispute and he should be appreciated as a universal figure on supernational platform. * The Faculty of Divinity of Ataturk Universty. 1 Yksel, Emrullah, Prof. Dr., midde Bilgi Teorisi, stanbul, 1991, p.p. 40. 2 Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, Au Nom du Deu Clement et Msercordeux Avicenne, Medicin, Acts of the International Symposium on Ibn Turk, Khwrezmi, Frb, Beyrun and Ibn Sn, (Ankara, 9-12 September, 1985), Ankara, 1990, p.p. 320. 3 Terziolu, Arslan, Byk Trk slm Hekimi ve Filozofu bn Sn, Bifaskop, 3, 1981, p.p. 28. 4 Demirhan, Ayegl, Trk Tbb Folklorunda Civann Yeri, Trk Dnyas Aratrmalar Dergisi, c.2, 10, 1981, p.p. 109-113; Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, bid, p.p. 322.

5 Ibn Sn, el-Kanun fit-Tb, Darus-Sadr, Beyrut, II, 73-88; Green, J. R., The Concept of Cerebral and Pinal Licalisation and the Baginings of Neurological Surgery, in, Neurosurgery Uptade I, (Eds: Wilkins RH and Rengachary ss) Mc Graw-Hill, Inc. New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, 1990, p.p. 3-11. 6 See, Ibn Sn, el-Kanun; See, Menafiul-Aza, Ayasofya Lbrt. N: 4851. 7 Ibn Sn, el-Kanun, II, 108-113; Khya, Esin, Ibn-i Snda Gz ve Gz Hastalklar, Ankara Numune Hastahanesi Blteni, Y: 24,31105, 1984, p.p. 14; Kahya, Esin, The Milestones of Ophthalmology in Islam, Acts of the International Symposium on Ibn Turk, Khwrezmi, Frb, Beyrun and Ibn Sn, (Ankara, 9-12 September, 1985), Ankara, 1990, p.p. 336. 8 Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, bid., p.p. 321-323. 9 Green, J. R., bid., p.p. 3-11. 10 Terziolu, Arslan, bn Snnn Tababeti ve Avrupaya Tesirleri, bn Snnn Doumunun Birinci Yl Armaan, Ankara, 1984, p.p. 48. 11 Nizami, Aruz, Tp lmi Mehur Hekimlerinin Mahareti, Long., Abdulbaki Glpnarl, stanbul, 1983, p.p. 23-24. 12 Green, J. R., bid., p.p. 3-11. 13 Has, L. F., Neurological Stamps, Russia, 3. Neurology Neurosurgery and Psyhihatry, 1991, 54,p.p. 628. 14 Terziolu, Arslan, Byk Trk slm Hekimi ve Filozofu bn Sn, Bifaskop, 3, 1981, p.p. 28. 15 Has, L. F., bid., p.p.628. AVICENNA AND MODERN NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES brahim Hakk AYDIN* ZET slam dnce dnyasna byk katklar olan bn Sn, Batda Avicenna olarak tannm ve msbet ilimlerdeki almalaryla tp dnyasna nemli hizmetlerde bulunmutur. O sadece bir filozof olarak deil tp alanndaki bulularyla da tm dnyada tannmtr. Onun hem felsefe hemde tp alannda kayda deer nemli almalar vardr. Bir tp ansiklopedisi hviyetini tayan el-Kanunu uzun yllar Avrupa niversitelerinin Tp fakltelerinde ders kitab olarak okutulmutur. Bu balamda bn Sn tp ve eczaclk alanlarnda zgn almalar yapmtr. Bu almalara rnek olarak; yz feli, beyinsel inmeler, sarlk hastalna getirdii yeniliklerle civann buharnn ila olmasnn yannda zehirli olduunu tesbite dair yapt katklar sayabiliriz. Bu bulularnn bir ounun geerliliini hala devam ettirdiini de belirtmeliyiz. Bizim bu almamzda ele aldmz Norolojik bilimlere hizmeti onun bu sahada ne derece yetkin olduunu gstermesi bakmndan da ayrca nemlidir. bn Sina nro-anotomiye Vermis ve Tailed Nucleus tabirini kazandran bilim adamdr. O, gnmzde nrolojik bilimlerde nemli bir hastalk grubunu oluturan menenjitleri beynin bizzat kendisinden kaynaklanan tmrlerden ve iltihaplanmasndan ortaya kan menenjitler ile vcudun bir baka yerinde oluan mikrobik hadisenin beyine yaylmas sonucu meydana gelen menenjitleri tarif etmi ve birbirinden farkl iki antite-pataloji olduklarn bin yl ncesinden kefederek tanmlamtr. Bu katklar dolaysyla tp dnyas ona ok eyler borludur. Zira o, kendinden sonra ayn yolda yreyecekler iin bir iz brakmtr. Yine bn Sn, yal hastalarda klostrol seviyesinin artmasna bal olarak grlen tansiyon ykselmesi problemini ognden tesbit etmi ve zerinde almalar yapmtr. Nrolojik alanla ilgili bugnn teknolojik seviyesiyle ulalan noktalar ile bn Snnn alt zamann artlar gz nnde bulundurularak bir mukayese yaplacak olursa dnrmzn ne derece nemli hizmetlerde bulunduu aka grlecektir. bn Sn Dnya dnce sistemine yapt deerli katklar dolaysyla bugne dein dnyann bir ok lkesinde eitli vesilelerle anlm, adna pul bastrlm, konferanslar dzenlenmi, yaynlar karlmtr. lkemizde de benzer faaliyetler, sembozyumlar, kitap yaynlar yaplmtr. Gelecek yllarda da onun iin sembozyumlar dzenlenebilir, tpk Unesco tarafndan Yunus Emre yl ila edildii gibi bn Sn yl kararlatrlabilir, bir bst dikilebilir. Temennimiz, bilhassa lkemiz de ve tm dnyada bu deerli ilim ve fikir adam iin benzer faaliyetlerin artrlarak devam etmesidir. AVICENNA AND MODERN NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES brahim Hakk AYDIN* The name of Ibn Sn, known in the West as Avicenna, is always associated with a great philosopher as well as a great physician. It was he who lit the torch of science and carried it form the East to the West. This fact is obvious enough for us not to add any explanatory comment to his life story.1 Because Ibn Sns works have never ceased

to cast light on the cognitive sciences as well as on natural sciences. Even in our time, when technological progress is believed to have attained the most advanced phase, the modern sciences are guided by his candle of learning which is still radiant. Ibn Sn, who recognized the concepts of marifet and knowledge as synonyms, united philosophy with the study of nature and appreciated them as having equal merits. He is well- known by his extraordinary intelligence, limitless -prospect and mastery in all the then known sciences. George Sarton, in his work titled Introduction to the History of Science describes him as the greatest of the world of Islam and of the most renowned personality of the world. The following quotations. I believe, will show his distinctive place in the realm of Medicine. Medicine was not in existence until Hippocrates created it, then it was about to die until Galenos reanimated it, it remained dissipated until Razi united the pieces and it was yet incomplate until Ibn Sn completed it.2 It would also suffice to remember that he was portrayed as a prominend figure who was surpassed by neither Galenos nor by Hyppocrates and that he was entitled as The King of Physicians.3 His prominent place in the field of Medicine was due to his most famuos book named Al- Kanun (Canon of Medicine) which has served for centuries as a reference book and a basis for medical teaching and practice in almost all of the Medical schools of the west and so maintained his authority until modern times. Among some of his innovations in the fields of medicine and pharmacology are the diagnosis of facial paralyses, differentiation of brain paralysis from hyperemie crisis, introduction of new methods of juandice (hepatitis) treatment, discovery of the healing property of gaseous mercury besides its poisoneus quality.4 He had several contributions to medicine and pharmacology with his innovations and discoveries from which useful information can still be derived. In this paper, my intention is to do my best in making him known better by those who may like to be more familiar with him, emphasis on his therapeutics. I would like to point out his contributions particularly to neurology. Ibn Sn is the innovator of the terms vermis and tailed nucleus which were borrowed and have been used by neuro-anatomy up to the present time. Another term nucleus caudatus, which is frequently used today, is derived from the former ones.5 It was he who diagnosed and differentiated menengiditis which constitutes an important group of disseasses in neurology from the other types of menegites induced by the brain itself and form any infectious brain disease. He was able to diagnose and describe the type of menengiditis induced by any infection in other parts of the body. He proved, antitepathology. 6His descriptions and explanations about the physiology of eye movements constitute a basis of information for the present day ophtalmologists. He provided us7 with very useful information about optic nerves, iris, central and peripheral facial paralyses.8 Hundreds of years ago he was able to discover the causes of heamorrhage induced by high blood pressure because of higher level of collestarol in blood.9 This yielded him to investigate the ways of controlling the blood pressure. In addition to a separate chapter in his Kanun on blood pressure, he wrote a treatise on the methods of diagnosis of several diseases only by feeling the pulse and observing inhalation.10 Aruze eher states that Ibn Sn was a skilfull competent physician in finding the symptoms several diseases only by feeling patients pulsation.11 We have today reached a point in technolocigal progress which we would never dreamed of twenty or twenty five years ago. A scholar who lived a thousand year before our time has still a distinguished place in the world of medicine with his contributions of original terminology to the field of neuro-anatomy and neuro-physiology. Among these vermis, tailed nucleus and nucleus caudatus 12 are worth mentioning. I have so far pointed out some of his innovations in the world of medicine in addition to his contributions to the field of intellectual speculation. Owing to his valuable accomplishments and innovations in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatrics, the Soviet Government put postage stamps into circulation bearing the inscription of Kitab-el-Kanun fit-Tp li Eb Ali eyh Ibn Sn n Arabic characters, to celebrate the millenary of his birth as an indication of her appreciation of his exalted place in scholarship.The Soviet administration issued some other stamps of lower value (4 copecs) with an illustration of himself and the dates of his birth and death.13 Extensive antropological studies started and carried out by some Soviet scholars like Ternousky, M.M. Gerasimov, Dr. A. Atabekov and Sh. Khamadullin were evaluated by the Andijan State Medical Institute in Uzbekistan. Based on these findings obtained as a result of these studies, a bust of Ibn Sn was sculptured and erected by Ye S. Sokolova, a Russian carver. In the same year (1980) a book titled A Bust

of Abu Ali Ibn Sn, A Scientific Reconstruction of the Great Scholars Image was published in Tashkent by A. Atabek and Sh. Kh. Khamadullin both in English and Russian. A special session of the Twenty Eighth International Conference of Medical History, held between 31 st August and 7 th September, 1981, in Barcelona was devoted to Ibn Sn, on the occasion of the millenary of his birth.14 In England Ibn Sn was recognized as an innovating neurologist by the scholarly circles and the pobtage stamp issued by Soviet Government was regarded a rare piece of highest value as an indication of his remearkable place in neurological science.15 All these prove that his place in the world of medicine is beyond dispute and he should be appreciated as a universal figure on supernational platform. * The Faculty of Divinity of Ataturk Universty. 1 Yksel, Emrullah, Prof. Dr., midde Bilgi Teorisi, stanbul, 1991, p.p. 40. 2 Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, Au Nom du Deu Clement et Msercordeux Avicenne, Medicin, Acts of the International Symposium on Ibn Turk, Khwrezmi, Frb, Beyrun and Ibn Sn, (Ankara, 9-12 September, 1985), Ankara, 1990, p.p. 320. 3 Terziolu, Arslan, Byk Trk slm Hekimi ve Filozofu bn Sn, Bifaskop, 3, 1981, p.p. 28. 4 Demirhan, Ayegl, Trk Tbb Folklorunda Civann Yeri, Trk Dnyas Aratrmalar Dergisi, c.2, 10, 1981, p.p. 109-113; Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, bid, p.p. 322. 5 Ibn Sn, el-Kanun fit-Tb, Darus-Sadr, Beyrut, II, 73-88; Green, J. R., The Concept of Cerebral and Pinal Licalisation and the Baginings of Neurological Surgery, in, Neurosurgery Uptade I, (Eds: Wilkins RH and Rengachary ss) Mc Graw-Hill, Inc. New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, 1990, p.p. 3-11. 6 See, Ibn Sn, el-Kanun; See, Menafiul-Aza, Ayasofya Lbrt. N: 4851. 7 Ibn Sn, el-Kanun, II, 108-113; Khya, Esin, Ibn-i Snda Gz ve Gz Hastalklar, Ankara Numune Hastahanesi Blteni, Y: 24,31105, 1984, p.p. 14; Kahya, Esin, The Milestones of Ophthalmology in Islam, Acts of the International Symposium on Ibn Turk, Khwrezmi, Frb, Beyrun and Ibn Sn, (Ankara, 9-12 September, 1985), Ankara, 1990, p.p. 336. 8 Chehade, Abdul-Kerm, bid., p.p. 321-323. 9 Green, J. R., bid., p.p. 3-11. 10 Terziolu, Arslan, bn Snnn Tababeti ve Avrupaya Tesirleri, bn Snnn Doumunun Birinci Yl Armaan, Ankara, 1984, p.p. 48. 11 Nizami, Aruz, Tp lmi Mehur Hekimlerinin Mahareti, Long., Abdulbaki Glpnarl, stanbul, 1983, p.p. 23-24. 12 Green, J. R., bid., p.p. 3-11. 13 Has, L. F., Neurological Stamps, Russia, 3. Neurology Neurosurgery and Psyhihatry, 1991, 54,p.p. 628. 14 Terziolu, Arslan, Byk Trk slm Hekimi ve Filozofu bn Sn, Bifaskop, 3, 1981, p.p. 28. 15 Has, L. F., bid., p.p.628.