Description

Dysthymia
or dysthymic disorder is a form of the mood disorder of depression characterized by a lack of enjoyment/pleasure in life that continues for at least two years.
a depressive mood disorder characterized by a chronic course and an insidious onset.
is classified as a type of affective disorder (also called mood disorder) that often resembles a less severe, yet more chronic form of major (clinical) depression
Low energy, sleep or appetite disturbances and low self-esteem are usually part of the clinical picture as well.
Causes
The cause of dysthymia is not clear and is likely multifactorial. A biopsychosocial formulation, considering the interplay of family history and other genetic factors, medical problems, psychological make-up and coping strategies, and social stressors, is helpful when considering the cause of dysthymia. Some examples of common contributing factors include the following:
• Genetic predisposition
• Biological factors, such as alterations in neurotransmitters, endocrine, or inflammatorymediators
• Chronic stress (eg, particularly with feelings of hopelessness and/or helplessness)
• Chronic medical illness
• Psychosocial factors, such as social isolation, losses
• Ruminative coping strategies, as opposed to problem solving or cognitive restructuring strategies, are common among people with dysthymia and may predispose to or sustain dysthymia.14
• Persons diagnosed with antisocial, borderline, dependent, depressive, histionic, or schizotypal personality traits are at an increased risk for developing dysthymic disorder