Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Figura 2.1. Epicentrele cutremurelor ce au avut loc n Romnia n perioada 984 1999.
Cutremurul Vrncean cu cele mai distrugtoare efecte asupra construciilor i primul
cutremur puternic pentru care s-a obinut o accelerogram nregistrat n Romnia a fost cel
din 4 Martie 1977: magnitudinea Gutenberg-Richter M=7.2, adncimea focarului h=109 km,
distana epicentral fa de Bucureti 105 km. n Bucureti acest cutremur a cauzat peste 1400
pierderi de viei omeneti i prbuirea a 23 construcii nalte din beton armat i 6 cldiri
multietajate din zidrie realizate nainte de cel de al doilea rzboi mondial precum i a 3
cldiri nalte din beton armat construite n anii 60 - 70.
La 4 Martie 1977, n condiiile de teren predominant-argilos din Estul Bucuretiului, la
INCERC, s-a nregistrat o acceleraie maxim a terenului de cca. 0.2 g, micarea terenului
fiind caracterizat de o perioad predominant a vibraiei terenului foarte lung: Tp = 1.6 s.
La 30 August 1986 (M=7.0, h=133 km), n zona de Nord a oraului s-a nregistrat o
acceleraie maxim a terenului de 0.16 g (Piaa Presei Libere) iar n zona epicentral, la
Focani, acceleraia maxim a terenului a fost de 0.3 g.
La 30 Mai 1990 (M=6.7, h=91 km), acceleraiile maxime ale terenului n Bucureti au fost
ntre 0.07g si 0.13 g.
2.1.1. Cataloage de cutremure puternice
Cataloagele cutremurelor care au avut loc pe teritoriul Romniei au fost elaborate de Radu
(1970, 1974, 1980 i 1994-manuscrise) i de Constantinescu i Marza (1980 i 1995 comunicare personal).
Cataloagele de cutremure elaborate de Radu sau de Constantinescu i Marza pot fi
organizate astfel:
Catalogul istoric, ce conine date din intervalul de timp 984-1900;
Catalogul pentru secolul 20, ce conine date din intervalul de timp 1901 - 2000 .
Din Cataloagele de cutremure coninnd evenimentele seismice de pe ntreg teritoriul
Romniei pot fi extrase separat datele ce se refer la sursa subcrustal Vrancea. Datele pot fi
grupate pe anumite intervale de magnitudini sau de intensitate, Tabelul 2.1 i Tabelul 2.2.
Tabel 2.1 Catalogul istoric al cutremurelor din Vrancea n perioada 984-1900 (din
manuscrisele Radu, 1994)1). Extras cuprinznd cutremurele de intensitate epicentral I08.0
Nr.
Data
Ora (GMT)
Io
M
Sursa
h:m:s
Intensitatea
Magnitudinea
epicentral
Gutenberg-Richter
Radu
Alii
Radu
Alii
1 984
8
6.7
CM
2 1038
August 15
8.5
6.9
RT, CM
3 1107
Februarie 5 03:00
8
8/CM
6.7
6.2/KS
R, KS
4 1126
August 8
00:
7/8
8/CM
6.4
6.2/KS
KS
5 1170
Octombrie 1
8
8.5/CM
6.7
7.0/KS
KS
6 1196
Februarie 13 07:
9
9/CM
(6.7)7.2
7.0/KS
KS
7 1230
Mai 10
07:
9+
8.5/CM (6.9)7.3
7.1/KS
N, R, KS
8 1258
Februarie 7 15:
8
6.7
RT, CM
9 1327 1
8
6.7
7.0/KS
KS
10 1446
Octombrie 10 04:
8
8.5/CM
6.7
7.3/KS
KS
+
11 1471
August 29
10-11:
9
8/9 KS (6.7)7.4
7.1/KS
R
12 1516
Noiembrie 8 12:
9
8/KS
(6.8)7.2
6.8/KS R, RT, KS
13 1521
8
6.7
RT
14 1545
Iulie19
08-09:
8
7/KS
6.7
6.2/KS RT, R, KS
15 1569
August 15
8
7/KS
6.7
6.2/KS
R, RT
16 1590
August 10
20:
8/9
8/KS
6.9
6.8/KS
R, RT
17 1595
Aprilie 21
11:
7
8/CM
5.5
RT
18 1601
Decembrie 24 15-16:
8
6.7
Main shock R, RT
19 1620
Noiembrie 8 13-14:
9
8/KS
(6.9)7.2
6.5/KS
R, RT
20 1628
Aprilie 4
01:
8
6.7
RT
Nr.
Io
M
Sursa
Intensitatea
Magnitudinea
epicentral
Gutenberg-Richter
Radu
Alii
Radu
Alii
21 1681
August 19
00-01:
9
(6.7)7.4
6.8/KS CM, R, RT
22 1683
8.5
6.9
RT
23 1701
Iunie12
00-01:
7/8
8/KS
6.4
6.9/KS
R, RT
24 1711
Octombrie 11 00-01:
7
8/KS
6.1
6.5/KS
R, RT
25 1738
Mai 31/Iunie11 10-11:
9+
(6.9)7.4 Main shock R, RT
26 1790
Aprilie 06
19:29
8
6.7
6.9/KS
R, RT
27 18025) Octombrie 26 10:55
9+
7.5
(7.5)7.6
7.4/KS
R, KS
28 1829
Noiembrie 26 1:40
7/8 8/9/SKH
6.4
6.9/KS
R, KS
29 1838
Ianuarie 23 18:45
8
9/CM
6.7
6.9/KS
R, KS
30 1894
August 31
12:20
7
8/KS
6.1
6.5/KS
R, KS
1)
Cataloagele Radu au fost publicate pentru prima dat de Lungu n lucrarea EUROCODE 8
- Design examples with emphasis on seismic condition of Romania., D.Lungu, F.Mazzolani,
S.Savidis Editors, Bridgeman, Timisoara, 1997
Data
Ora (GMT)
h:m:s
Tabel 2.2 Catalogul cutremurelor din Vrancea pentru secolul 20. Extras cuprinznd
cutremurele puternice, de magnitudine Mw 6.3.
Data
Ora
h
Catalogul RADU, Catalogul
Lat. N Long.
(GMT)
1994
MARZA,
E Adncimea
h:m:s
focarului,
1980
1)
km
I0 Mw
M Ms Mw2) I0
1903 13
08:02:7
45.7
26.6
>60
7
6.6 6.3 5.7 6.3 6.5
Septembrie
1904 6 Februarie 02:49:00
45.7
26.6
75
6
5.7 6.3 6.6 6
1908 6 Octombrie 21:39:8 45.7(45.5) 26.5 150 (125)
8
7.1 6.8 6.8 7.1 8
1912 25 Mai
18:01:7
45.7
27.2
80(90)
7
6.3 6.0 6.4 6.7 7
1934 29 Martie
20:06:51 45.8
26.5
90
7
6.6 6.3 6.3 6.6 8
1939 5 Septembrie 06:02:00
45.9
26.7
120
6
5.3 6.1 6.2 6
1940 22 Octombrie 06:37:00 45.8
26.4
122
7 / 8 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.5 7
1940 10 Noiembrie 01:39:07 45.8
26.7 140-150*
9
7.7 7.4 7.4 7.7 9
1945 7 Septembrie 15:48:26 45.9
26.5
75
7 / 8 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.8 7.5
1945 9 Decembrie 06:08:45 45.7
26.8
80
7
6.3 6.0 6.2 6.5 7
1948 29 Mai
04:48:55 45.8
26.5
130
6/7
5.8 6.0 6.3 6.5
1977
4 Martie 19:22:15 45.34 26.30
109
8 / 9 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.4 9
1986
30 August 21:28:37 45.53 26.47
133
8
7.2 7.0 - 7.1 1990 30 Mai
10:40:06 45.82 26.90
91
8
7.0 6.7 - 6.9 1990 31 Mai
00:17:49 45.83 26.89
79
7
6.4 6.1 - 6.4 * Estimarea iniial a lui Radu a fost 133 km
1)
2)
Magnitudinea Magnitudinea
SRL, km,
SRA, km2,
SRL, km, SRA,
Gutenbergmoment, din ecuaiile Wells din ecuaiile Wells observat km2,
i Coppersmith
i Coppersmith
Richter, M
Mw
observat
6.7
7.0
43
759
11001)
7.0
7.2
60
1148
14001)
2)
7.2
7.5
100
2138
65
23312)
7.4
7.7
141
3236
8.1
278
7413
-
2)
Conform estimrilor fcute de geologii acad. prof. M. Sandulescu i prof. dr. ing. C. Dinu
(1998), mrimile SRL i SRA n zona seismogen Vrancea trebuie limitate superior dup cum
urmeaz:
SRL 150200 km
SRA < 8000 km2.
(2.4)
i, n consecin, magnitudinea moment maxim credibil n Vrancea se poate estima ca fiind
Mw,max=8.1.
10
n( M w ) = e
(M w, max M w )
(2.5)
(M w , max M w 0 )
1 e
n ecuaia (2.5) Mw,max este magnitudinea maxim credibil a sursei, Mw0 este magnitudinea
minim considerat n analiza statistic, iar
=a ln10 i = b ln10.
(2.6)
Formatul de recuren Hwang i Huo a fost propus pentru sursa Vrancea de Lungu (Lungu
& Elnashai, 1995) considernd Mw0=6.3, Mw,max = 8.1, = 8.654 i =-1.687. El este
reprezentat n Figura 2.3 i Tabelul 2.3.
Intervalul mediu de recuren (n ani) al unui cutremur de magnitudine egal cu sau mai
mare dect Mw, T (Mw), este inversul numrului n(Mw):
1
T ( M w ) =
(2.7)
n( M w )
100
M w,max = 7.7
7.9
8.1
10
1
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8.0
Magnitudinea moment, M w
8.2
11
40
60
80
ln h=-1.046+2.864 ln M w
100
120
140
ln h=-0.866+2.864 ln M w
160
6.2
5.9
6.6
6.3
7.0
6.7
Magnitudinea moment, M w
7.4
7.1
7.8
7.5
NE
Latitudine Nord,
NV
1940
45.8
45.6
1990
40 km 1977 socul 1
Centrul
geometric al
80 km
1977 socul 2 epicentrelor
1986
45.4
26.4
26.6
26.8
Longitudine Est,
27
27.2
Figura 2.5 Distribuia epicentrelor cutremurelor Vrncene din Catalogul Radu pentru secolul
20 ( reprezint cutremurele avnd Mw 6.3)
12
13
Bucureti
Instrumente Instrumente
Digitale
Analogice Total
K2
ADS
SMA-1
8
INCERC
13
2
3
3
INFP
Instrumente
Digitale
K2
ADS
GEOTEC
CRC4614)
11
13
Total
1)
n cldiri parter
n cldiri P + 1E
3)
n cldiri P + 2E
4)
1 Decembrie 2000
2)
11
23
12
23
30
15
31
251)
362)
433)
22
4
-
8
23
29
30
30
34
34
41)
52)
53)
25
10
Total
15
25
32
18
10
11
11
Total
Instrumente
Analogice
SMA-1
8
21
101)
202)
273)
13
Total
Instrumente
Digitale
K2
ADS
Romnia
Instrumente
Analogice
SMA-1
38
29
39
46
58
69
76
501)
512)
513)
12
13
13
39
49
56
891)
1002)
1073)
14
!.
!(
.
(
analog instrument
analog instrument
$
1
GEOTEC Network
Free field analog instrument
*
#
INCERC Network
#GEO
*
GEOTEC Instrument
D - Digital instrument
A - Analog instrument
B
- basement
GF - ground floor
15
!.
!(
.
(
analog instrument
$
1
GEOTEC Network
#
0
#
*
INCERC Network
GEOTEC Network
B
- basement
GF - ground floor
10S - 10th storey
16
INCERC
1
24
23
48
Reeaua seismic
INFP
8
10
18
GEOTEC
3
2
5
Total
1
35
35
71
ROMANIA. Maximum peak ground acceleration PGA, cm/s2 recorded during 1977, 1986 and 1990 VRANCEA earthquakes
N
W
22
21
S
48
%
$
&
&
Moldova
47
Chisinau
212.8
50.9
Bacau
132.0
Barlad
Onesti
168.6
232.1 # Adjud
86.6
Transilvania
Banat
Mures
Olt
14.3
Vidraru Arges
$
26.1
79.1
Valenii de Munte#
61.5
45
Pitesti
158.6
109.4
Peris #
223.8
Bolintin Vale
208.6
Craiova
#
Yugoslavia
Baia
90.8 #
Dobrogea
Valahia
219.8
# Otopeni
Branesti
# #
Bucuresti 150.8
194.9
Fetesti Cernavoda
100.4 #
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
100
Black
Sea
Shabla32.9
&
Kavarna 36.2
112.2
200 Kilometers
Constanta
&
Bulgaria
100
107.1
Turnu Magurele
Epicenters of strong
#
Calarasi
Giurgiu 114.1
#
& Ruse112.4
Danube
164.0 Tulcea
#
%
93.6
Carcaliu
Istrita
Ploiesti
45.8
Mw=7.0
h=91 km
1977
186.9 #
Campina #
Aug.30, 1986
297.1
97.2
Muntele Rosu
Vidra Lotru
136.6
1990
157.2 #
Focsani
#
Surduc 1940
%
%
Timisoara
44
Cahul
&
Vrancioaia
Mw - moment magnitude
h - focus depth
82.0
Cluj-Napoca
#
46
&
&
Dochia
Cris
Mw=7.5
h=109 km
Krasnogorka
Iasi
146.4
March 4, 1977
Mw=7.2
h=133 km
Republic of
Moldova
t
Pru
Satu-Mare
11.5
Oradea
29
28
27
26
Botosani
Hungary
PGA, cm/s2
0 - 75
75 - 150
150 - 200
200 - 300
Ukraine 25
24
23
Provadia 48.2
&
Varna
&
33.6
Figura 2.7. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale acceleraiei terenului pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n 1977, 1986 i 1990 n Romnia.
18
E
S
21
48
Ukraine 25
24
23
22
Moldova
Cluj-Napoca
Transilvania
Mures
46
Sibiu
Olt
Brasov
&
45
Pitesti
Ar
ge
s
Focsani
%
1940
297.1
1977
#
140.4
Yugoslavia
Epicenters of strong
#
32.9 #
Dobrogea
Valahia
FetestiCernavoda
#
# Branesti
Bucuresti 93.3
156.0
54.3
Calarasi
Constanta
Black
Sea
Giurgiu 43.8
Danube
44
#
& Ruse
Turnu Magurele
60.2
Shabla
100
&
Varna
Provadia
100
&
Kavarna
Bulgaria
Lungu, Aldea, 1999
Baia
Ploiesti
57.3
109.1
90.2
Tulcea
Peris #
Bolintin Vale
Craiova
70.0
Carcaliu
% Istrita
61.5 186.9
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
&
1990
Valenii de Munte
#
Campina #
26.1
75.1
79.1
Vidraru Arges
14.3
&
#
#
Surduc
Muntele Rosu
Vidra Lotru
INCERC network
INFP network
GEOTEC network
R. of Moldova network
Bulgaria network
Cahul
Vrancioaia 140.8
Barlad
168.6 #
147.9 Adjud
Timisoara
116.5
Banat
82.0
&
Bacau
Onesti
Epicentral distance to
Bucharest
d=125 km
212.8
50.9
Targu-Mures
Focus depth
h=133 km
&
Chisinau
Moment magnitude
Mw=7.2
146.4 #
Dochia
Carpathian
Mountains
Cris
Oradea
Krasnogorka
Iasi
Si
ret
21:28:37 GMT
45.53 Lat. N
26.47 Long. E
t
Pru
11.5
Satu-Mare
47
Republic of
Moldova
Botosani
Hungary
Time:
Epicenter:
29
28
27
26
200 Kilometers
&
&
Figura 2.8. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale acceleraiei terenului pentru micrile seismice
nregistrate n 30 August 1986 n Romnia.
ROMANIA. May 30, 1990 VRANCEA earthquake: peak ground acceleration PGA, cm/s2
N
W
E
S
48
Ukraine 25
24
23
22
21
t
Pru
Satu-Mare
Moldova
Si
ret
10:40:06 GMT
47
Oradea
Cluj-Napoca
#
132.0
Barlad
86.6
232.1 Adjud
#
Transilvania
Mures
Olt
Muntele Rosu
&
65.6
Vidraru Arges
$
Pitesti
45.8
Ar
ge
s
Peris
208.6
Craiova
Yugoslavia
Baia
90.8 #
Valahia
Dobrogea
Tulcea
93.6
92.4
FetestiCernavoda
100.4 #
# Branesti
Bucuresti 150.8
136.6
Calarasi
107.1
#
Constanta
Black
Sea
Giurgiu 114.1
Danube
44
Turnu Magurele
#
112.2
#
& Ruse
112.4
Shabla 32.9
Kavarna
Bulgaria
Lungu, Aldea, 1999
Ploiesti
223.8 #Otopeni
Bolintin Vale
164.0
Carcaliu
% Istrita
154.2
45
108.6
97.2 #
1986 Ramnicu Sarat
#
158.6
1977
#
Valenii de Munte
#
Campina #
Epicenters of strong
#
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
1940
&
136.6
1990
# Focsani
#
Surduc
Brasov
#
$
&
Sibiu
Vidra Lotru
Cahul
Vrancioaia157.2
Banat
Timisoara
INCERC network
INFP network
GEOTEC network
R. of Moldova network
Bulgaria network
142.7
46
&
&
Bacau
Targu-Mures
Focus depth
h=91 km
Chisinau
151.1
Onesti
Epicentral distance to
Bucharest
d=165 km
Moment magnitude
Mw=7.0
Krasnogorka
Iasi
106.4
Dochia
Carpathian
Mountains
Cris
45.82 Lat.N
26.90 Long. E
Republic of
Moldova
Botosani
Hungary
Time:
Epicenter:
29
28
27
26
100
100
Provadia48.2
200 Kilometers
&
Varna
&
&
36.2
&
33.6
Figura 2.9. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale acceleraiei terenului pentru micrile seismice
nregistrate n 30 Mai 1990 n Romnia.
ROMANIA. 1977, 1986 and 1990 VRANCEA earthquakes: maximum control period of response spectra Tc, s
N
W
22
21
S
23
%
$
&
&
Satu-Mare
Moldova
0.60
Krasnogorka
Chisinau
0.86
47
0.35
Bacau
0.62
Barlad
Onesti
Transilvania
0.62
#
#
Cahul
&
Vrancioaia
Mures
Olt
Vidraru Arges
$
1.48
1.30
Valenii de Munte#
1977
0.85 #
Pitesti
Ploiesti
1.60
Craiova
#
Yugoslavia
#
Epicenters of strong
#
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
0.95
0.58
Dobrogea
Fetesti Cernavoda
Branesti
Bucuresti
1.43
Giurgiu
Turnu Magurele
1.15
0.65 #
100
Calarasi
0.57
Constanta
Black
Sea
0.48
#
&
Ruse0.35
Shabla 1.19
&
Kavarna 0.96
&
Bulgaria
100
Tulcea
0.46 #
Baia
Valahia
Bolintin Vale
Danube
Peris#
0.35
Carcaliu
1.51
0.47
1.13
Istrita
0.36
45
Campina#
Aug.30, 1986
0.98
Muntele Rosu
Vidra Lotru
0.44
1990
0.92 #
Focsani
#
%
Surduc 1940
%
Timisoara
44
0.72
Adjud 0.76
Banat
Mw - moment magnitude
h - focus depth
0.25
Cluj-Napoca
#
46
&
&
Dochia
Cris
Mw=7.5
h=109 km
Republic of
Moldova
Iasi
March 4, 1977
Mw=7.2
h=133 km
0.95
29
28
27
26
Botosani
Hungary
Oradea
Ukraine 25
t
Pru
Tc, s
0.1 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.7
0.7 - 1
1 - 1.6
48
24
200 Kilometers
Provadia0.36
&
Varna
&
0.91
Figura 2.10. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale perioadei de col/control pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n 1977, 1986 si 1990 n Romnia.
20
ROMANIA. Aug 30, 1986 VRANCEA earthquake: control period of response spectra Tc, s
N
W
E
S
48
Ukraine 25
24
23
22
21
Moldova
Si
re
21:28:37 GMT
45.53 Lat. N
26.47 Long. E
Cris
Oradea
Transilvania
0.57
Cahul
&
Banat
Sibiu
Olt
Pitesti
Ar
g
es
0.74
1.20
Baia
Dobrogea
#
0.98 #Ot openi 0.67
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
Danube
100
0.57
Calarasi
Const anta
0.95
Black
Sea
Shabla
&
Varna
Provadia
100
&
Kavarna
Bulgaria
Lungu, Aldea, 1999
#
& Ruse
Turnu Magurele
#
0.48
Giurgiu
44
Fetest iCernavoda
Branesti
Bucuresti 1.15
1.43
Yugoslavia
Craiova
Epicenters of strong
#
0.51 #
Valahia
Peris
1.60
0.36 #
0.35
Ploiesti
Bolintin Vale
Tulcea
Carcaliu
% Istrit a
0.85
0.36
45
1977
#
Valenii de Munte
#
Campina #
0.93
1.48
Vidraru Arges
1940
Muntele Rosu
Vidra Lotru
1990
#
#
Focsani
Surduc
Brasov
INCERC network
INFP network
GEOTEC network
R. of Moldova network
Bulgaria network
0.25
Bacau
Vrancioaia 0.74
46
&
&
Barlad
Onesti
0.58 #
#
0.54 Adjud
Timisoara
&
0.86
Mures
&
Chisinau
0.35
Targu-Mures
Epicentral distance to
Bucharest
d=125 km
Focus depth
h=133 km
Krasnogorka
Iasi
0.60
Dochia
Carpathian
Mountains
Cluj-Napoca
Moment magnitude
Mw=7.2
t
Pru
0.95
Satu-Mare
47
Republic of
Moldova
Botosani
Hungary
Time:
Epicenter:
29
28
27
26
200 Kilometers
&
&
Figura 2.11. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale perioadei de col/control pentru micrile
seismice nregistrate n 30 August 1986 n Romnia.
ROMANIA. May 30, 1990 VRANCEA earthquake: control period of response spectra Tc, s
N
W
E
S
48
Ukraine 25
24
23
22
21
t
Pru
Satu-Mare
Moldova
47
Mures
Olt
&
Cahul
&
0.44
Muntele Rosu
1.45 %
Vidraru Arges
$
1.30 #
1986
Valenii de Munte
#
Campina #
Pitesti
0.47
Ar
g
es
Peris
1.13
0.47
Yugoslavia
0.29
0.32
0.58
Dobrogea
Fetesti Cernavoda
0.65 #
Branesti
100
100
Calarasi
0.54
#
Const anta
Black
Sea
0.38
#
& Ruse 0.35
Shabla 1.19
Kavarna
Bulgaria
Lungu, Aldea, 1999
0.46
Baia
Valahia
Bucuresti 0.46
0.83
Giurgiu
Turnu Magurele
1.51
Ploiesti
Tulcea
Carcaliu
% Istrita
Bolintin Vale
Danube
Ramnicu Sarat
0.37 #Otopeni
Craiova
44
0.98
1977
#
0.56
45
1940
Epicenters of strong
#
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
1990
# Focsani
#
Surduc
Brasov
&
0.72 #
0.76
Adjud
Sibiu
Vrancioaia 0.92
Banat
Vidra Lotru
INCERC network
INFP network
GEOTEC network
R. of Moldova network
Bulgaria network
0.62
Transilvania
Timisoara
Barlad
Onesti
0.62
46
&
&
Bacau
Targu-Mures
Focus depth
h=91 km
Chisinau
0.28
Moment magnitude
Mw=7.0
Epicentral distance t o
Bucharest
d=165 km
Cluj-Napoca
0.52 #
Dochia
Carpathian
Mountains
Cris
Oradea
Krasnogorka
Iasi
Si
re
t
10:40:06 GMT
45.82 Lat .N
26.90 Long. E
Republic of
Moldova
Botosani
Hungary
Time:
Epicenter:
29
28
27
26
Provadia
200 Kilometers
0.36
&
0.96&
&
Varna 0.91
&
Figura 2.12. Distribuia valorilor maxime ale perioadei de col/control pentru micrile
seismice nregistrate n 30 Mai 1990 n Romnia.
Distribuia geografic a valorilor maxime ale perioadei de col a spectrelor de rspuns:
TC = 2
max SV0.4 s
EPV
= 2
EPA
max SA0.4 s
(2.9)
21
pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n 1977, 1986 i 1990 din sursa Vrancea, n condiii de
free-field este prezentat n Figura 2.10, Figura 2.11 i Figura 2.12.
Valorile EPV respectiv EPA sunt valorile efective ale vitezei respectiv acceleraiei
terenului definite (Lungu, Cornea 1995):
EPV =
max SV0.4 s
2.5
(2.10)
EPA =
max SA0.4 s
2.5
(2.11)
unde max SV0.5s reprezint valoarea maxim a mediei ordonatelor spectrului de rspuns
elastic pentru viteze relative calculate pe un interval de perioade cu limea de 0.4sec, iar
max SA0.5 s reprezint valoarea maxim a mediei ordonatelor spectrului de rspuns elastic
pentru acceleraii absolute calculate pe un interval de perioade cu limea de 0.4sec.
Valorile EPA i EPV calculate pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n cmp liber i n
cldiri avnd P+2E n 1977, 1986 i 1990 din sursa Vrancea sunt reprezentate n Figurile
2.13 i 2.14.
Analog definiiei perioadei de col/control TC, se definete perioada de col/control TD
dup cum urmeaz:
TD = 2
max SD0.4 s
EPD
= 2
EPV
max SV0.4 s
(2.12)
EPD =
max SD0.4 s
2.5
(2.13)
unde
unde max SD0.4 s reprezint valoarea maxim a mediei ordonatelor spectrului de rspuns
elastic pentru deplasri relative calculate pe un interval de perioade cu limea de 0.4sec
n Tabelul 2.7 sunt indicate urmtoarele caracteristici numerice ale accelerogramelor
cutremurelor Vrncene din 4 Martie 1977, 30 August 1986 i 30/31 Mai 1990 nregistrate n
cmp liber i n cldiri parter cu maxim 2 etaje:
Valorile de vrf ale acceleraiei terenului, PGA;
Valorile efective ale acceleraiei i vitezei micrii terenului, EPA i EPV;
Valorile maxime ale spectrelor de rspuns elastic pentru acceleraii absolute, viteze
relative i deplasri relative, SAmax, SVmax i SDmax;
SA
SV
Valorile maxime ale spectrelor de rspuns elastic normalizate A = max i V = max ;
PGA
PGV
Valorile perioadelor de col/control ale spectrelor de rspuns TC i TD.
Valorile din Tabel corespund generaiei de accelerograme digitizate/redigitizate pn n
anii 1999/2000. Eventualele noi redigitizri ale accelerogramelor originale pot duce evident la
mici modificri ale valorilor din Tabel, dar n acelai timp arat sensibilitatea acestor valori cu
procedura de digitizare.
Practic n perioada de dup cutremurele din 1986 i 1990 i pn n anii 1999-2000 s-au
elaborat i au circulat n Romnia 2 versiuni ale accelerogramelor acelor cutremure redactate
de ctre INFP i 3 versiuni ale accelerogramelor cutremurelor din 1986 i 1990 redactate de
INCERC. Diferene continu s existe n prezent i ntre digitizarea japonez din 1978 i
digitizarea INCERC din anii 90 pentru nregistrarea cutremurului din 4 Martie 1977 la
INCERC Bucureti.
ROMANIA. Maximum effective peak acceleration EPA, cm/s2 recorded during 1977, 1986 and 1990 VRANCEA earthquakes
N
W
22
21
S
23
%
$
&
&
Satu-Mare
Moldova
Krasnogorka
Iasi
47
142.4
Barlad
#
183.9
260.4 # Adjud
99.7
#
Banat
Cahul
&
Vrancioaia
Mures
1990
185.8 #
Focsani
#
%
Surduc 1940
%
O lt
Timisoara
$ 95.7
Vidra Lotru
$
Vidraru Arges
$
80.5
Valenii de Munte#
191.9
63.8
Campina #
Aug.30, 1986
45
Pitesti
236.7
Craiova
#
Yugoslavia
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
Baia
92.4 #
Dobrogea
Valahia
# Otopeni 197.0
Branesti
# #
151.0
Fetesti Cernavoda
#
90.1
100
Calarasi
136.4
Constanta
Black
Sea
94.7
#
&
Ruse 112.2
Shabla 31.9
&
Kavarna 34.9
112.7
&
Bulgaria
0
155.4 Tulcea
%
98.1#
Carcaliu
94.9
Bucuresti
236.7
Giurgiu
Turnu Magurele
Epicenters of strong
#
132.9
Istrita
Peris#
228.3
Bolintin Vale
Danube
Ploiesti
56.3
Mw=7.0
h=91 km
1977
153.4
255.0
Muntele Rosu
100
59.1
Bacau
Transilvania
44
&
&
46.5
Onesti
Mw - moment magnitude
h - focus depth
189.7
Cluj-Napoca
#
46
Chisinau
Dochia
Cris
Mw=7.5
h=109 km
Republic of
Moldova
152.7 #
March 4, 1977
Mw=7.2
h=133 km
14.9
29
28
27
26
Botosani
Hungary
Oradea
Ukraine 25
t
Pru
EPA, cm/s2
0 - 75
75 - 150
150 - 200
200 - 300
48
24
200 Kilometers
Provadia 49.7
&
Varna
&
31.4
Figura 2.13. Distribuia valorilor acceleraiei efective a terenului, EPA pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n 1977, 1986 i 1990 n Romnia.
ROMANIA. Maximum effective peak velocity EPV, cm/s recorded during 1977, 1986 and 1990 VRANCEA earthquakes
N
W
22
21
S
23
Botosani
Hungary
%
$
&
&
INCERC network
INFP network
GEOTEC network
R. of Moldova network
Bulgaria network
2.3
Satu-Mare
12.4
47
Oradea
Chisinau
23.3
2.6
Bacau
13.6
Barlad
Onesti
Transilvania
15.2
Cahul
&
Vrancioaia
Mures
14.0
Olt
Surduc
Timisoara
Vidra Lotru
$
Vidraru Arges
$
19.0
1977
24.2 #
Ploiesti
Peris #
23.5
Bolintin Vale
19.3
Mw=7.0
h=91 km
Craiova
#
Yugoslavia
Tulcea
3.2 #
Baia
8.5 #
Dobrogea
Valahia
# Otopeni 21.0
Branesti
# #
Bucuresti
52.0
15.4
Fetesti Cernavoda
#
9.3
Calarasi
11.0
Constanta
Black
Sea
Giurgiu 5.5
Danube
Turnu Magurele
#
Epicenters of strong
#
Vrancea events
(Mw > 6.9)
#
& Ruse
6.1
Shabla 6.1
&
Kavarna 5.3
6.6
&
Bulgaria
100
6.5
Carcaliu
22.8
4.2
23.8
Istrita
2.8
Pitesti
Campina#
45
7.4
30.6
17.6
Valenii de Munte#
Aug.30, 1986
1990
Focsani
#
#
%
1940
%
Muntele Rosu
44
16.9
Adjud 10.6
Banat
Mw - moment magnitude
h - focus depth
2.2
Cluj-Napoca
#
46
&
&
Dochia
Cris
Mw=7.5
h=109 km
Krasnogorka
Iasi
March 4, 1977
Mw=7.2
h=133 km
Republic of
Moldova
Moldova
29
28
27
26
t
Pru
EPV, cm/s
0 - 10
10 - 15
15 - 20
20 - 25
25 - 55
48
Ukraine 25
24
100
200 Kilometers
Provadia 2.6
&
Varna
&
4.3
Figura 2.14. Distribuia valorilor vitezei efective a terenului, EPV pentru micrile seismice nregistrate n 1977, 1986 i 1990 n Romnia.
Tabel 2.7. Caracteristici ale accelerogramelor cutremurelor Vrncene din 1977, 1986 i 1990 nregistrate n cmp liber i n cldiri P +2 etaje.
Martie 4, 1977
h= 109 km MGR=7.2 Mw=7.5
Lat. oN: 45.34 Long. oE: 26.30
Lat. oN: 45.53 Long. oE: 26.47
August 30, 1986
h=133 km MGR=7.0 Mw=7.2
Mai 30, 1990
h=91 km MGR=6.7 Mw=7.0
Lat. oN: 45.82 Long. oE: 26.90
Bucureti
Mai 31, 1990
h=79 km MGR=6.1 Mw=6.4
Lat. oN: 45.83 Long. oE: 26.89
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
*
Staia
Bucureti, INCERC, Sos.Pantelimon 266
nlimea
cldirii
P
Cutremur
*
1977
**
1977
1986
1990/1
Bucureti, Drumul Srii, cinema, sbs
SP
1990/1
1990/2
1986
1986
1990/1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Comp
NS
EW
Z
-NS-EWZ
NS
EW
NS
EW
L
T
Z
L
T
Z
N10W
W10S
L
T
Z
N127W
N37W
Z
L
T
Z
N30W
N120W
Z
N30W
N120W
Z
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
-194.9
615.9
162.3
415.3
-105.8
231.9
207.6
654.9
-181.3
440.9
121.9
288.9
-88.7
249.1
95.3
242.0
76.6
219.7
98.7
277.4
-97.9
379.3
-112.5
397.5
87.7
289.2
-18.1
82.6
30.7
120.5
-13.8
61.1
156.0
408.2
105.8
322.3
-40.7
185.8
-71.7
221.1
-34.4
94.9
59.0
216.7
76.3
179.1
43.3
171.2
-69.3
209.6
59.5
217.8
-29.5
75.2
-90.8
276.3
-60.2
214.3
-50.1
220.6
-15.5
58.4
-14.7
62.9
-13.3
48.3
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
130.9
39.5
78.6
25.3
27.4
8.5
150.1
48.4
87.1
31.7
33.2
10.1
49.8
12.5
35.5
9.9
16.6
10.0
32.5
9.0
19.8
3.5
24.2
5.4
8.7
2.9
3.8
1.1
3.4
0.9
2.7
1.2
43.2
11.1
35.6
9.3
16.8
4.5
45.2
11.6
13.6
3.0
18.8
5.3
23.2
10.1
7.8
5.6
50.1
12.5
21.9
5.0
11.7
2.4
29.7
7.9
22.8
6.6
9.1
3.4
7.7
5.5
5.0
2.6
9.0
5.8
3.16
2.56
2.19
3.15
2.43
2.37
2.81
2.54
2.87
2.81
3.87
3.53
3.30
4.56
3.93
4.43
2.62
3.05
4.57
3.08
2.76
3.67
2.35
3.95
3.02
3.66
2.55
3.04
3.56
4.40
3.77
4.28
3.63
1.82
2.79
1.93
2.21
2.91
3.29
3.23
3.38
2.67
1.89
3.67
1.75
3.49
2.51
2.44
2.70
2.86
2.45
3.51
3.06
4.23
2.29
2.52
3.39
3.91
3.09
4.85
2.80
2.96
3.04
6.45
2.48
7.47
EPA
2
cm/s
236.7
146.1
70.2
251.5
156.6
86.7
84.1
85.3
75.4
90.6
110.4
92.2
68.1
19.6
24.3
11.7
134.4
106.3
52.8
72.5
27.8
63.3
63.4
42.1
77.0
59.8
23.3
86.9
70.9
49.0
18.1
14.8
11.6
Digitized data by Observational Committee of Strong Motion Earthquake, Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Japan, 1978
Digitized data by INCERC, 1999.
**
EPV
cm/s
52.0
28.0
10.0
59.6
32.0
11.4
19.1
13.3
5.6
11.9
6.4
9.0
2.8
1.3
1.2
1.0
16.2
12.7
6.4
17.4
5.0
7.0
8.5
2.9
18.3
8.2
3.8
11.2
8.3
3.1
3.0
1.9
3.4
Tc
s
1.38
1.20
0.89
1.49
1.29
0.83
1.43
0.98
0.47
0.83
0.36
0.61
0.26
0.43
0.31
0.51
0.76
0.75
0.76
1.51
1.12
0.69
0.84
0.43
1.49
0.87
1.02
0.81
0.74
0.40
1.04
0.80
1.83
Td
s
1.88
2.17
2.11
2.01
2.40
2.03
1.59
1.65
4.37
1.86
1.33
1.46
2.34
1.99
1.73
2.63
1.56
1.79
1.57
1.57
1.44
1.83
2.69
4.32
1.56
1.45
1.41
1.72
1.91
2.70
4.29
3.43
4.26
No
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Staia
Bucureti, Militari, Bd.Pcii 45, CEC
nlimea
cldirii
P
Cutremur
1986
1990/1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
P1
1986
Bucureti, Armeneasc
1990/1
1990/2
SP1
1986
1990/1
Comp
L
T
Z
W92N
N178E
Z
L
T
Z
N131E
N139W
Z
N131E
N139W
Z
L
T
Z
L
T
Z
L
T
Z
E-W
N-S
Z
NS
EW
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
GEOTEC
INFP
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
72.1
301.5
100.6
360.6
104.2
-41.1
95.3
290.8
51.1
183.4
43.8
157.0
96.2
336.5
-89.4
281.8
-64.1
152.4
127.9
540.9
136.6
565.4
201.9
58.0
31.3
112.7
38.7
116.1
20.4
81.0
83.8
252.5
87.5
308.3
52.9
141.3
67.4
249.6
-56.8
211.8
48.7
198.7
16.4
52.4
10.7
46.0
-7.2
32.7
-219.8
681.1
-123.7
410.5
-60.6
161.9
73.9
202.1
55.7
189.5
-22.2
95.6
23.4
78.7
-19.5
51.1
135.4
364.7
114.7
321.8
50.3
168.3
89.6
314.7
87.1
210.5
59.5
237.0
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
26.8
6.7
41.8
11.1
11.5
2.6
27.0
7.3
11.8
6.4
9.0
4.8
44.3
10.3
33.0
4.5
14.8
3.5
24.8
12.7
27.9
6.7
10.1
4.4
10.7
8.2
7.6
5.6
7.0
5.0
23.5
6.1
42.1
10.3
14.0
3.0
19.4
4.8
14.5
4.5
11.4
4.0
3.5
1.5
3.3
1.2
3.1
1.3
55.9
13.0
21.4
6.1
8.8
3.7
24.1
7.8
15.2
2.7
6.0
1.5
6.3
2.0
4.2
2.3
56.8
13.2
46.0
10.9
14.4
11.7
14.5
8.0
25.6
9.1
7.5
4.6
4.18
3.58
2.54
3.05
3.59
3.58
3.50
3.15
2.38
4.23
4.14
3.48
3.60
3.00
3.97
3.01
3.52
2.67
3.70
3.73
4.08
3.19
4.30
4.54
3.10
3.32
2.67
2.73
3.40
4.31
3.36
2.62
2.69
2.81
3.35
3.51
2.42
3.98
3.19
2.98
3.49
2.43
3.46
3.91
2.95
4.03
2.74
3.14
3.62
3.89
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.13
2.74
2.80
2.02
2.16
2.32
2.90
2.99
3.10
2.18
2.00
2.32
2.11
3.24
3.00
2.53
2.46
2.55
2.82
3.43
3.09
1.58
3.14
EPA
2
cm/s
89.8
110.9
32.4
96.9
53.3
42.4
98.1
92.5
46.9
125.2
155.6
51.2
28.4
29.9
13.9
80.0
90.0
44.6
66.9
62.8
42.6
13.9
11.9
6.5
197.0
118.6
50.1
69.9
53.3
29.4
25.4
15.2
128.9
106.2
50.7
90.9
72.6
46.6
EPV
cm/s
9.6
15.9
4.0
10.0
3.8
3.0
16.7
9.8
5.2
8.7
9.2
3.5
4.2
2.8
2.8
7.7
15.8
5.0
7.3
5.4
4.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
21.0
8.2
3.3
8.1
5.1
2.2
2.3
1.6
21.6
17.1
5.2
4.7
9.7
2.6
Tc
s
0.67
0.90
0.77
0.65
0.45
0.44
1.07
0.67
0.69
0.44
0.37
0.43
0.92
0.59
1.26
0.60
1.10
0.71
0.68
0.54
0.65
0.58
0.64
1.11
0.67
0.44
0.42
0.73
0.60
0.46
0.58
0.68
1.05
1.01
0.64
0.32
0.84
0.35
Td
s
1.69
1.71
1.49
1.82
3.70
3.88
1.48
1.13
1.56
3.34
1.82
2.98
4.82
4.77
4.40
1.81
1.60
1.40
1.62
1.64
2.23
2.63
2.48
2.66
1.52
1.72
2.26
2.38
1.29
1.57
2.07
3.42
1.46
1.50
4.10
4.18
2.26
3.94
Romnia
No.
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Staia
Adjud, Policlinica, Libertii 12
nlimea
cldirii
SP2
Cutremur
Comp
1990/1
N50E
N40W
Z
N50E
N40W
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
L
T
Z
N175W
N85W
N175W
N85W
L
T
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
1990/2
Bacu
SP2
1986
1990/1
1990/2
P2
1986
1990/1
1990/2
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Brlad, barac
1990/1
1990/2
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INFP
INCERC
INCERC
INFP
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
75.6
287.3
86.6
448.8
94.9
216.9
29.3
155.0
27.6
85.8
32.6
115.0
-88.4
370.7
72.6
313.5
94.0
24.9
132.0
688.5
-122.7
527.5
33.0
133.7
-84.5
381.1
63.0
371.3
29.0
73.8
31.3
129.6
32.9
152.8
-15.5
46.0
90.8
323.6
77.4
359.2
43.1
259.6
62.7
256.7
168.6
655.7
152.2
536.5
-60.2
288.5
142.7
408.1
132.9
469.0
62.1
249.9
89.3
332.3
88.5
318.4
37.5
132.5
-112.1
492.1
-148.4
542.3
-108.0
412.8
85.8
314.9
-80.0
226.0
-27.0
111.2
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
27.1
8.7
27.6
14.7
13.5
7.3
7.4
4.2
7.3
1.4
4.4
2.5
22.5
7.8
21.3
9.2
6.3
4.7
25.7
7.4
41.4
10.3
9.7
3.7
18.7
5.0
15.7
3.6
4.7
3.2
8.7
1.8
12.3
1.9
4.4
1.5
31.2
4.7
31.7
6.4
26.0
4.1
24.5
7.6
44.8
10.8
47.0
6.2
11.8
2.7
41.3
8.9
40.1
15.2
11.6
5.9
24.4
3.8
24.5
3.9
4.9
2.4
26.6
5.9
47.1
14.2
10.7
4.4
17.9
4.0
21.4
2.3
5.0
3.4
3.80
5.18
2.29
5.29
3.11
3.53
4.19
4.32
3.77
5.22
4.30
4.05
4.51
5.89
2.54
4.14
4.64
2.97
3.56
4.64
6.02
4.09
3.89
3.52
4.79
2.86
3.53
4.02
3.72
3.60
3.53
4.39
3.65
3.82
3.67
2.83
4.12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.48
2.60
3.51
3.02
2.51
2.87
2.97
3.48
2.92
3.36
3.84
3.63
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.96
2.92
2.62
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.39
2.65
2.67
2.63
3.10
3.86
EPA
2
cm/s
78.5
99.7
56.7
32.8
29.6
26.7
95.8
84.6
26.3
142.4
137.3
28.5
86.3
80.6
17.2
36.1
42.1
12.7
88.1
92.4
58.7
68.6
183.9
172.2
62.8
143.6
136.6
61.1
103.5
99.0
37.0
139.2
128.3
104.9
80.7
77.1
27.0
EPV
cm/s
9.4
10.6
4.8
2.6
2.2
1.8
7.1
7.2
2.0
8.9
13.6
3.7
5.3
4.8
1.8
2.8
3.4
1.6
7.8
8.5
6.0
6.3
16.9
14.5
3.9
13.5
15.6
3.9
8.6
8.1
1.7
8.5
17.7
3.4
5.0
7.0
1.4
Tc
s
0.76
0.67
0.53
0.50
0.47
0.41
0.47
0.53
0.48
0.39
0.62
0.81
0.38
0.37
0.67
0.49
0.51
0.79
0.55
0.58
0.64
0.58
0.58
0.53
0.39
0.59
0.72
0.40
0.52
0.51
0.29
0.38
0.86
0.20
0.39
0.57
0.33
Td
s
2.06
3.45
3.53
3.94
1.60
3.39
2.49
2.49
4.85
2.06
1.80
2.39
2.16
1.75
4.05
1.45
1.09
2.14
1.47
1.74
1.59
2.82
1.57
0.97
1.29
1.61
2.41
3.69
1.03
1.17
3.49
1.65
1.96
3.25
1.98
0.66
5.11
No.
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
Staia
Bolintin Vale, Primrie
nlimea
cldirii
P
Cutremur
Comp
1986
L
T
Z
N65E
N155E
Z
N65E
N155E
Z
N155E
N65E
Z
L
T
Z
N163E
N107W
Z
L
T
Z
N107W
N163E
Z
N107W
N163E
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
N150W
N120E
Z
L
T
Z
N38E
N52W
Z
1990/1
1990/2
Bolintin Vale
1986
SP1
1986
SP
1986
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Carcaliu, barac
1990/2
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP1
1990/2
1986
1990/2
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INFP
INCERC
INCERC
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
90.2
249.1
-83.7
292.6
138.7
31.7
195.3
724.1
208.6
777.0
79.2
353.1
26.8
89.0
38.6
170.9
22.8
78.3
80.7
228.6
-93.5
311.1
-28.4
133.1
11.5
49.2
-9.9
40.8
-7.3
23.8
68.5
273.0
-104.1
321.4
-43.1
172.7
75.3
291.9
-93.3
293.2
-44.3
176.8
150.8
527.2
117.2
404.6
169.5
60.0
24.7
118.2
18.2
64.9
14.7
50.5
70.0
281.7
69.6
276.9
-25.3
93.3
-164.0
618.9
-88.8
310.3
-41.9
143.4
59.0
280.7
46.6
236.1
-19.6
73.0
20.9
91.0
25.5
83.2
10.4
38.7
-61.5
224.9
39.1
118.4
32.2
127.7
42.8
129.5
22.9
100.9
13.8
53.5
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
49.9
12.8
21.8
6.5
9.2
2.3
46.1
5.1
45.3
6.1
9.3
4.5
9.4
9.5
8.5
4.2
7.5
5.8
45.4
11.7
23.3
11.0
9.8
6.4
6.3
1.8
4.9
1.3
4.6
1.4
30.3
9.8
42.2
14.4
12.7
9.3
33.7
7.8
39.9
9.8
13.4
3.5
33.1
7.9
24.9
9.2
10.6
4.2
5.2
2.8
5.9
5.5
4.0
2.8
7.9
3.0
14.6
2.0
5.4
1.3
19.8
9.9
13.1
3.7
8.6
3.7
6.9
1.3
4.7
2.5
4.0
2.3
10.5
7.1
8.0
4.5
8.8
7.0
9.1
0.7
7.4
0.6
6.3
1.6
7.4
3.8
5.8
2.9
3.3
2.0
2.76
3.50
4.38
3.71
3.72
4.46
3.32
4.43
3.44
2.83
3.33
4.69
4.27
4.13
3.26
3.99
3.09
4.01
3.88
3.14
3.99
3.50
3.45
2.83
4.79
3.57
3.44
4.02
3.98
3.69
3.77
3.49
3.42
4.76
5.07
3.72
4.36
3.26
3.73
3.66
3.03
3.97
3.03
4.41
3.88
3.44
2.40
3.53
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.63
2.01
2.44
4.52
4.45
5.13
2.50
2.29
2.75
2.53
2.37
3.35
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.02
3.03
2.85
1.73
3.19
2.31
2.29
2.78
1.69
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.03
3.70
2.42
0.0
0.0
0.0
EPA
2
cm/s
75.9
85.6
31.7
196.8
236.7
77.4
24.1
40.6
17.1
68.5
93.7
30.4
14.9
11.5
6.7
85.5
91.6
39.8
93.7
83.8
39.6
151.0
126.8
51.2
24.3
19.1
12.3
69.0
73.1
28.0
155.4
83.2
40.0
55.7
40.3
18.7
22.7
22.7
10.7
63.8
37.0
29.0
40.5
25.8
13.0
EPV
cm/s
19.3
8.1
3.4
14.6
16.8
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.7
17.4
8.6
3.8
2.3
1.7
1.6
11.0
16.2
4.9
12.4
15.4
5.2
10.0
9.2
3.6
1.7
2.3
1.6
2.9
4.1
1.8
6.5
3.9
3.3
1.9
1.3
1.6
4.0
2.9
3.5
2.8
2.1
2.0
2.5
1.8
1.2
Tc
s
1.60
0.60
0.67
0.47
0.45
0.25
0.87
0.45
1.00
1.59
0.58
0.78
0.95
0.93
1.52
0.81
1.11
0.77
0.83
1.15
0.83
0.41
0.46
0.44
0.43
0.76
0.80
0.26
0.35
0.40
0.26
0.29
0.51
0.21
0.21
0.53
1.11
0.82
2.07
0.28
0.36
0.43
0.39
0.43
0.57
Td
s
1.63
1.93
1.52
0.77
0.87
3.57
6.15
3.44
5.16
1.63
3.11
3.48
1.75
1.74
1.89
2.03
2.13
3.65
1.51
1.57
1.55
1.96
2.40
2.87
4.07
5.53
4.43
2.55
1.14
1.78
3.63
2.04
2.79
1.58
4.28
3.55
4.30
3.76
4.82
0.58
0.52
1.94
3.68
3.92
4.17
No.
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
Staia
Cmpina, Staia Meteo
Cernavod, centru, Primrie
nlimea
cldirii
P
SP1
Cutremur
Comp
1990/2
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
EW
NS
Z
E-W
N-S
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
N158W
N68W
Z
N158W
N68W
Z
NS
EW
Z
L
T
Z
N97W
N07W
Z
N97W
N07W
Z
N97W
N07W
Z
NS
EW
NS
EW
1986
1986
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Dochia
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP1
1986
SP2
1986
Focani
SP2
1990/1
1990/2
SP2
1986
1990/1
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INFP
INCERC
INCERC
INFP
INFP
INCERC
INFP
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
38.7
117.0
24.6
108.2
53.4
13.8
-49.3
191.2
61.9
284.2
-63.0
218.4
56.9
275.5
45.7
176.8
-59.9
208.5
54.3
255.7
42.9
184.7
-55.3
205.7
107.1
399.1
100.4
480.8
-53.1
158.2
66.5
312.8
37.0
190.0
15.9
51.4
50.9
183.1
42.4
146.5
20.6
83.2
96.5
349.1
100.4
352.4
365.6
77.4
25.7
88.5
46.3
123.9
27.1
108.5
-273.3
762.8
-297.1
871.0
122.7
508.5
198.8
610.0
287.9
759.3
111.1
478.0
224.2
664.8
269.4
703.3
109.6
463.1
92.2
268.1
108.6
418.3
99.3
320.7
173.0
436.1
86.5
329.4
57.8
174.7
33.2
205.9
43.8
214.8
114.1
465.5
55.6
257.8
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
6.7
3.5
6.3
3.1
3.3
2.0
23.5
24.7
22.0
22.3
20.5
21.9
17.5
11.6
12.1
5.9
8.1
9.3
16.2
1.4
13.5
2.2
5.8
1.6
31.8
11.7
39.7
11.5
20.2
16.4
23.7
12.6
12.9
11.5
12.2
13.4
8.7
4.1
6.7
3.3
4.3
2.9
19.9
6.8
25.4
6.5
14.5
8.0
6.1
4.1
9.4
3.3
5.9
5.0
87.6
25.6
68.2
22.8
22.3
16.2
75.5
19.7
58.1
5.9
14.9
5.4
78.4
23.0
53.8
9.3
14.2
7.1
37.9
15.2
60.7
24.9
18.3
7.4
44.1
6.3
23.4
4.8
7.0
5.5
12.0
2.0
14.2
2.3
21.6
4.7
13.2
4.2
3.02
4.40
3.87
3.88
4.59
3.47
4.84
3.87
3.48
4.71
4.31
3.72
3.73
4.79
2.98
4.70
5.14
3.23
3.60
3.46
4.04
3.62
3.51
4.72
3.44
2.68
4.00
2.79
2.93
4.14
3.07
2.64
4.30
2.97
2.61
4.23
2.91
3.85
3.23
2.52
3.81
3.02
6.20
4.90
4.08
4.64
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.05
3.55
4.26
3.44
3.09
3.12
4.39
3.46
2.64
3.25
4.05
2.77
4.02
3.48
4.06
2.91
2.59
3.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.40
2.13
4.12
2.83
2.89
4.13
2.88
3.09
3.55
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
EPA
2
cm/s
36.6
27.7
13.0
55.2
80.6
54.4
77.2
51.2
51.1
72.5
51.2
48.2
128.8
136.4
50.1
87.2
45.9
14.9
46.5
41.1
17.7
81.5
90.1
83.9
25.6
40.1
25.9
244.5
255.0
97.0
181.5
248.8
93.5
196.6
231.5
89.5
85.0
118.9
85.2
151.9
92.3
45.5
52.4
57.0
94.7
59.3
EPV
cm/s
2.2
1.9
1.2
8.2
7.8
7.2
5.1
4.2
3.0
4.8
4.7
1.8
11.0
10.6
8.0
7.5
4.1
4.5
2.6
2.2
1.6
7.3
9.3
4.4
2.4
3.2
2.0
30.6
24.2
8.3
26.8
20.7
5.1
28.2
18.9
5.1
13.3
17.8
5.7
16.7
8.5
2.7
3.8
4.4
5.5
3.6
Tc
s
0.39
0.43
0.57
0.94
0.61
0.83
0.42
0.52
0.37
0.42
0.57
0.23
0.54
0.49
1.01
0.54
0.56
1.88
0.35
0.34
0.57
0.56
0.65
0.33
0.58
0.51
0.49
0.79
0.60
0.54
0.93
0.52
0.34
0.90
0.51
0.36
0.98
0.94
0.42
0.69
0.58
0.37
0.45
0.48
0.36
0.38
Td
s
3.69
3.89
4.17
6.17
6.00
6.20
4.44
2.94
6.39
0.68
1.00
1.95
2.55
2.70
5.09
3.72
6.14
6.62
3.12
3.53
4.47
2.30
1.69
4.17
4.31
2.50
6.03
1.84
2.27
4.77
1.72
0.69
2.41
1.73
1.01
3.19
2.84
3.49
2.61
0.91
1.39
4.85
1.29
1.22
2.13
2.87
No.
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
Staia
Giurgiu, Policlinica, Alexandriei 7-9
nlimea
cldirii
SP2
Cutremur
1990/2
Iai, Copou
SP2
1986
SP1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Istria, barac
1986
1990/2
1986
1990/1
SP1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP2
1990/2
1990/1
SP1
1986
1990/1
SP1
1986
Comp
Z
NS
EW
Z
N-S
E-W
Z
NS
EW
NS
EW
NS
EW
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
L
T
Z
N200E
N290E
Z
N200E
N290E
Z
NS
EW
Z
L
T
Z
N80E
N10W
Z
L
T
Z
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INFP
INFP
INFP
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
157.7
44.0
9.4
43.0
10.5
60.0
8.0
32.9
64.1
175.3
-146.4
508.4
-36.5
125.2
-66.9
226.0
-99.6
267.9
-95.8
449.3
-106.4
472.1
-49.6
215.6
52.8
191.4
-109.1
269.3
71.6
232.7
-43.2
140.7
-92.4
285.4
59.1
219.9
44.1
150.9
79.1
214.2
-33.7
128.3
-39.8
123.6
65.6
189.2
-47.3
164.7
30.6
125.8
102.1
357.9
-147.9
604.5
82.0
250.7
232.1
918.3
111.8
373.7
92.3
393.8
108.2
453.2
54.0
204.0
46.3
255.1
42.4
191.6
45.8
202.7
18.4
65.5
-116.7
420.3
150.1
480.3
-100.4
402.0
223.8
998.5
191.9
705.3
74.0
312.0
8.1
31.3
12.4
50.8
9.2
30.5
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
7.7
4.6
4.8
3.9
5.0
4.7
3.2
2.7
14.4
2.5
35.1
3.0
4.6
0.6
17.6
4.7
20.2
4.0
23.9
3.4
16.2
3.4
10.2
2.1
12.9
2.0
48.9
17.9
29.8
12.2
23.0
5.2
59.1
28.4
33.8
24.3
27.5
8.8
51.1
15.5
21.1
16.6
14.7
12.9
33.0
9.6
31.4
12.0
12.6
11.0
27.9
5.5
44.3
4.1
16.0
2.0
43.8
12.4
29.2
8.5
16.1
5.4
33.5
3.3
9.8
2.6
10.5
3.3
12.6
6.1
12.9
3.4
5.8
2.6
39.2
10.2
63.6
14.1
13.0
3.2
51.0
6.3
30.7
6.9
10.5
7.0
3.2
1.3
3.0
1.1
2.5
0.9
3.58
4.57
5.71
4.11
2.73
3.47
3.43
3.38
2.69
4.69
4.44
4.35
3.63
2.47
3.25
3.26
3.09
3.72
3.42
2.71
3.81
3.11
2.88
3.48
4.11
3.51
4.09
3.06
3.96
3.34
4.27
4.19
3.78
5.51
4.52
4.43
3.56
3.60
3.20
4.00
4.46
3.68
4.22
3.87
4.10
3.32
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.39
2.97
2.40
2.38
2.55
3.23
2.49
3.52
3.22
2.95
2.79
3.65
2.50
2.99
2.87
3.02
3.84
2.37
2.64
2.47
2.87
2.49
4.03
3.89
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.73
2.67
2.94
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.01
2.50
2.78
EPA
2
cm/s
37.0
12.1
12.8
9.2
52.8
152.7
31.0
65.3
89.7
97.8
95.2
50.9
47.6
94.0
83.8
45.9
94.9
71.8
43.4
80.5
36.7
40.8
55.7
51.2
33.9
111.4
199.0
67.1
260.4
113.1
96.6
125.5
49.2
50.5
53.8
56.3
16.9
110.4
150.6
86.5
228.3
168.4
64.0
9.0
13.7
6.9
EPV
cm/s
2.8
1.8
1.9
1.3
5.0
12.4
1.3
6.2
7.4
8.1
5.5
3.1
4.8
17.9
10.2
8.0
22.8
12.3
10.6
19.0
7.3
4.5
12.8
11.8
4.8
9.6
15.2
4.1
14.9
11.1
6.1
8.5
3.4
2.6
3.9
4.2
2.0
14.6
23.5
4.9
13.3
9.3
4.0
1.2
0.9
1.0
Tc
s
0.48
0.95
0.94
0.86
0.60
0.51
0.27
0.60
0.52
0.52
0.36
0.39
0.63
1.20
0.76
1.10
1.51
1.07
1.54
1.48
1.25
0.69
1.45
1.45
0.89
0.54
0.48
0.39
0.36
0.62
0.40
0.43
0.44
0.32
0.45
0.47
0.75
0.83
0.98
0.35
0.37
0.35
0.39
0.81
0.43
0.87
Td
s
3.91
5.34
5.93
5.33
1.21
0.57
1.01
1.67
1.20
0.90
1.42
1.66
1.05
2.36
2.98
1.62
2.80
4.85
2.07
1.90
4.39
5.59
1.80
2.38
5.16
1.38
0.54
1.11
1.99
1.91
2.17
0.97
1.89
3.08
3.88
1.95
3.06
1.71
1.47
1.52
1.11
1.88
4.26
2.59
2.49
2.36
No.
Staia
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
nlimea
cldirii
SP1
Cutremur
Comp
1986
L
T
Z
N55E
N145E
Z
N55E
Z
L
T
Z
N102W
Z
N40W
W40S
Z
N40W
W40S
Z
N40W
W40S
Z
L
T
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
N112W
N158E
Z
N112W
N158E
Z
N84W
N174W
Z
N174W
N84W
Z
N174W
N84W
Z
1986
SP1
1990/1
1990/1
1986
SP
1990/1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
SP
1986
1990/1
SP
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Reeaua
seismic
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
GEOTEC
INCERC
INCERC
INCERC
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
-140.4
404.8
105.1
422.3
324.0
-93.8
-156.4
452.6
98.9
398.0
-91.2
327.0
158.6
398.1
89.9
369.9
-83.5
300.5
88.9
438.4
48.7
212.9
96.2
255.2
68.2
208.2
75.5
302.6
64.9
257.1
90.5
290.2
-89.0
330.8
97.2
287.6
40.7
146.3
-44.3
229.6
-20.9
73.0
-17.1
69.2
35.3
221.0
57.3
395.0
-28.3
162.8
93.6
393.5
48.7
253.3
49.1
222.7
26.2
100.1
22.9
98.7
95.2
19.0
44.7
155.4
60.2
170.3
22.5
73.2
112.2
513.0
67.4
313.4
70.3
284.3
-186.9
507.8
-162.4
575.1
-139.5
571.7
154.2
571.5
119.4
443.4
58.7
244.4
18.1
59.6
18.1
61.5
9.7
26.9
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
41.5
13.3
27.0
8.3
15.3
5.8
43.1
22.4
24.7
13.9
14.8
7.9
60.1
21.8
28.6
12.4
20.8
6.8
41.5
12.0
11.9
4.5
41.2
20.0
21.4
9.6
27.9
13.4
18.8
3.6
14.2
5.8
40.9
28.6
45.1
24.6
20.1
16.2
13.6
14.6
11.6
12.8
14.3
15.5
10.9
1.7
17.5
1.7
7.0
1.5
21.0
7.5
12.8
3.7
11.5
5.7
8.2
6.1
4.6
3.2
10.1
8.2
22.3
3.3
17.4
4.7
7.9
5.0
19.0
5.7
12.0
6.9
8.5
5.6
65.7
12.3
63.8
16.2
15.2
4.1
49.8
10.4
31.1
11.9
13.9
11.6
5.4
4.0
4.8
3.3
4.6
3.4
2.88
4.02
3.45
2.89
4.02
3.59
2.51
4.11
3.60
4.93
4.37
2.65
3.05
4.01
3.96
3.21
3.72
2.96
3.59
5.18
3.49
4.05
6.26
6.89
5.75
4.20
5.20
4.54
3.82
4.31
5.01
3.48
2.83
3.25
4.57
4.65
4.04
2.72
3.54
4.10
3.71
3.71
4.16
3.29
3.40
2.77
2.56
3.55
3.81
2.03
3.80
3.08
0.0
0.0
3.99
2.86
3.96
0.0
0.0
3.07
3.48
3.84
2.11
2.28
4.10
3.89
3.61
5.30
4.18
6.04
3.69
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.89
3.07
3.38
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
EPA
2
cm/s
129.1
106.3
83.2
140.8
98.5
82.9
132.9
89.2
75.7
88.5
53.9
91.1
57.6
85.1
68.4
64.5
95.7
91.4
37.4
48.7
21.7
16.4
47.7
59.3
28.2
98.1
55.9
42.7
28.5
21.7
17.8
43.8
49.7
23.1
112.7
76.3
63.9
178.9
191.9
121.3
171.0
125.8
57.8
16.0
17.8
8.5
EPV
cm/s
15.1
9.1
5.9
15.5
8.4
5.9
23.8
9.6
7.1
14.5
4.7
15.6
7.6
9.9
6.7
4.7
16.1
17.6
7.5
5.3
4.5
4.9
2.7
3.2
2.4
7.2
2.9
4.3
2.9
1.5
3.8
6.6
5.2
2.7
4.7
3.9
3.2
24.2
21.6
5.1
15.2
9.6
5.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
Tc
s
0.74
0.54
0.44
0.69
0.54
0.45
1.13
0.67
0.59
1.03
0.54
1.08
0.83
0.73
0.61
0.46
1.05
1.21
1.26
0.69
1.30
1.89
0.36
0.34
0.53
0.46
0.33
0.63
0.64
0.43
1.35
0.95
0.66
0.74
0.26
0.32
0.32
0.85
0.71
0.26
0.56
0.48
0.55
0.76
0.65
1.34
Td
s
2.09
1.92
2.37
3.48
3.92
2.98
2.25
2.77
2.17
2.07
2.37
3.02
2.96
3.22
1.28
2.83
4.31
3.27
4.99
5.98
6.24
6.55
1.47
1.01
1.42
2.57
3.02
3.32
5.09
5.20
5.17
1.07
2.20
4.62
2.74
4.22
4.09
1.22
1.50
1.94
1.63
2.73
4.95
4.55
4.47
4.50
No.
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
Staia
Vidraru-Arge, pe roc, barac
Vidraru-Arge, median pe baraj
Vrncioaia, barac
nlimea
cldirii
P
Cutremur
Comp
1986
SN
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
N42E
N48W
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
NS
EW
NS
EW
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
NS
EW
Z
N20E
E20S
Z
Baraj
1990/1
1986
1990/1
1990/2
Cahul
1990/1
Chiinu
1977
Chiinu, ISS 1
1986
Chiinu, Dimo
1990/1
Chiinu, ISS 2
1990/1
Chiinu, ISS 3
1990/1
Krasnogorca
1986
Bozveli Village
1990/1
Kavarna
1990/1
1990/1
Russe
1990/1
Reeaua
seismic
GEOTEC
GEOTEC
INFP
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
IGGRep.Moldova
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
29.2
129.2
28.9
89.1
40.8
14.9
24.6
142.4
11.5
52.5
-6.8
15.6
-82.3
287.2
140.8
437.4
-39.0
142.3
-119.6
356.0
157.2
695.0
63.3
212.3
43.7
186.8
-102.4
371.2
-26.7
94.5
129.1
497.4
136.6
529.8
90.5
393.8
-99.2
355.2
95.4
224.1
49.9
144.0
191.8
952.2
212.8
616.1
599.8
120.4
77.5
236.9
83.8
360.0
63.9
221.5
179.9
711.5
204.3
673.1
125.3
439.4
151.1
782.8
82.0
237.0
69.2
332.8
60.2
224.4
-54.0
175.5
-20.3
70.8
-30.5
129.2
36.2
116.4
-22.2
67.9
-47.7
249.4
-48.2
196.8
-17.7
71.4
-87.3
295.9
-112.4
438.9
-41.6
136.5
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
11.4
3.3
11.0
2.6
6.9
3.2
10.9
8.2
10.4
8.4
9.9
7.9
27.6
11.0
31.9
14.8
16.0
11.6
37.8
11.4
35.4
12.4
16.9
6.4
9.1
4.3
16.7
3.2
6.0
3.1
22.1
5.7
21.5
8.8
10.8
6.2
7.0
0.7
8.6
1.7
4.5
1.2
36.0
4.0
65.8
11.1
19.6
7.5
12.2
2.5
15.3
3.7
5.0
2.3
25.7
11.2
25.6
9.4
11.2
6.0
16.3
13.1
6.6
1.0
8.2
1.1
26.1
5.0
13.6
5.3
6.4
3.7
15.1
8.9
12.0
7.2
16.3
10.2
10.5
4.0
8.6
6.5
6.7
6.7
15.8
6.5
19.3
6.3
5.8
3.6
4.42
3.08
2.74
5.79
4.56
2.29
3.49
3.11
3.65
2.98
4.42
3.35
4.27
3.63
3.54
3.85
3.88
4.35
3.58
2.35
2.89
4.96
2.90
4.98
3.06
4.30
3.47
3.95
3.29
3.51
5.18
2.89
4.81
3.73
3.25
3.49
4.24
3.22
3.06
5.23
4.08
4.03
3.39
3.90
3.28
3.68
3.67
2.38
2.88
3.58
3.82
1.82
2.41
2.42
2.89
2.60
2.29
2.34
2.19
3.75
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.66
2.62
2.15
2.69
2.23
4.40
4.57
2.85
3.20
3.85
2.93
3.21
EPA
2
cm/s
34.5
28.4
13.2
28.4
11.9
5.0
88.2
145.5
37.2
96.0
185.8
57.8
55.0
98.5
22.7
106.0
153.4
81.2
72.3
59.8
36.7
189.7
169.9
115.5
60.6
77.4
48.3
169.5
152.7
106.2
129.3
56.0
59.1
72.5
59.6
23.0
34.9
29.8
20.8
49.7
45.6
15.8
81.7
112.2
33.5
EPV
cm/s
3.9
3.8
2.6
4.2
4.0
3.9
10.4
11.1
6.1
14.0
11.0
6.4
3.2
5.5
1.8
7.4
7.3
3.2
2.1
3.0
1.3
9.9
23.3
5.5
4.1
4.1
1.5
7.5
6.6
3.8
5.7
2.2
2.2
7.5
5.1
2.4
5.3
4.1
5.5
2.4
2.6
2.5
4.5
6.1
1.7
Tc
s
0.71
0.85
1.23
0.94
2.14
4.89
0.74
0.48
1.03
0.92
0.37
0.70
0.36
0.35
0.50
0.44
0.30
0.24
0.18
0.32
0.23
0.33
0.86
0.30
0.42
0.33
0.20
0.28
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.65
0.54
0.66
0.96
0.87
1.67
0.30
0.36
1.00
0.35
0.34
0.33
Td
s
2.10
1.56
3.06
4.75
5.19
5.03
2.62
3.29
4.16
1.98
2.35
2.32
3.40
1.40
3.96
1.85
3.02
4.91
0.73
1.23
2.00
0.97
1.17
3.42
1.37
2.13
3.62
3.31
3.07
3.58
5.34
1.10
1.21
1.44
2.24
3.86
3.94
4.30
4.44
4.13
4.80
5.36
3.49
2.54
4.94
No.
337
338
339
340 Shabla
341
342
343
344 Varna
345
346
Staia
nlimea
cldirii
P
Cutremur
Comp
1990/2
N20E
E20S
Z
N29W
Z
N29W
Z
N72E
E72S
Z
1990/1
1990/1
1990/2
1990/1
Reeaua
seismic
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
PGA
SAmx
2
2
cm/s
cm/s
11.9
39.0
-22.8
84.8
33.4
-9.5
32.9
147.1
-23.1
85.2
8.6
43.4
-5.4
20.4
-33.6
135.7
28.1
99.4
-16.9
65.8
SVmx
SDmx
cm/s
cm
1.7
0.2
2.9
0.2
1.0
0.2
16.1
7.0
9.2
3.3
2.0
0.4
1.0
0.3
11.5
8.3
11.9
5.8
6.6
5.3
3.27
3.72
3.51
4.47
3.69
5.05
3.77
4.04
3.54
3.89
3.48
3.59
3.23
4.23
3.55
4.07
3.29
2.96
3.05
2.74
EPA
2
cm/s
11.4
20.2
7.5
31.9
23.5
8.9
5.1
31.4
29.2
13.9
EPV
cm/s
0.5
0.8
0.3
6.1
3.4
0.5
0.3
4.3
4.2
2.6
Tc
s
0.29
0.26
0.23
1.19
0.90
0.35
0.41
0.86
0.91
1.16
Td
s
0.78
0.46
1.49
2.65
2.35
1.62
2.07
4.18
3.25
4.05
33
b0
3.098
1.685
0.144
1.565
B1
1.053
1.181
1.102
1.252
b2
-1.000
-1.000
-1.000
-1.000
b3
-0.0005
0.002
0.0008
-0.001
b4
-0.006
-0.005
-0.003
-0.003
lnPGA
0.502
0.461
0.588
0.411
Se subliniaz rolul esenial pe care l are asupra rezultatelor analizei de multi-regresie valorile
PGA obinute n Bucureti, la staia INCERC, n 4 Martie 1977, n timpul celui mai puternic
cutremur din sursa Vrancea nregistrat n Romnia. Practic, dei acestea provin numai dintr-o
singur staie, ele sunt singurele ce calibreaz extrapolarea ecuaiilor de atenuare n zona
magnitudinilor mari (Mw 7.5).
34
Figura 2.15. Predicia acceleraiei de vrf a terenului (PGA) din sursa Vrancea avnd
intervalul mediu de recurena a cutremurului de proiectare de 475 ani.
N
21
48
22
Ukraine
23
24
25
#
S
Hungary
# Maramures
S
Satu Mare
#Bihor
S
47
#
S
Salaj
Suceava
#
S
Botosani
#
S
Moldova
#
S
0.2
0
Neamt
#
S
#
Cluj S
Mures
#
S
#
S
Transilvania
Arad
#
S
g
r
#
S
#
S
Harghita
Bacau
#
S
Hunedoara
Timis
Sibiu
#
S
Brasov
#
Covasna
S
1940 r r 1990
Vrancea S
#
#
S
r
Level of peak
ground acceleration
Galati
#
S
#
S
#
S
Caras Severin
#
S
Gorj
Prahova
Arges
#
S
#
S
# Dimbovita
S
Vilcea
Yugoslavia
#
S
Dolj
Ilfov
#
S
Bucuresti
#
S
Calarasi #
S
Olt
44
Teleorman
#
S
#
S
Braila
Tulcea
IalomitaS
#
Valahia
Mehedinti
0 - 0.05 g
0.05 - 0.1 g
0.1 - 0.2 g
0.2 - 0.3 g
0.3 - 0.4 g
0g
45
1977BuzauS
#
#
S
0.3
0g
1986
0.2
#
S
Epicenters of
strong events
0Vaslui
.3
0g
#
Alba
S
46
E
S
Republic of
Moldova
Iasi
Bistrita Nasaud
#
S
29
28
27
26
Dobrogea
Constanta S
#
Black
Sea
UTCB
#
S
Bulgaria
Technical University
of Civil Engineering
Bucharest
Lungu & Arion, 2000
100
100
200 Kilometers
Figura 2.16. Predicia acceleraiei de vrf a terenului (PGA) din sursa Vrancea avnd
intervalul mediu de recuren a cutremurului de proiectare de 100 ani.
35
2.1.9. Predicia valorilor de vrf, PGA ale micrii terenului n Bucureti, avnd diferite
intervale medii de recuren
Caracterizarea severitii micrilor seismice prin valorile de vrf ale acceleraiei terenului
(PGA), aa cum prevede actualul Normativ de proiectare a construciilor rezistente la cutremur
n Romnia (P100-92), este imperfect.
Conform codurilor avansate de proiectare a construciilor rezistente la cutremur, este
necesar introducerea unor mrimi noi: acceleraia efectiv de vrf a terenului EPA (Eurocode
8 i codurile americane ASCE 7-95 i UBC-97) i viteza efectiv de vrf a terenului EPV
(ASCE 7-95 i UBC-97).
Definiii originale ale mrimilor EPA i EPV invariante la coninutul de frecvene al
accelerogramelor au fost prezentate la Prima Conferin Naional de Inginerie Seismic,
Bucureti, Sept. 1997, n vederea utilizrii lor ntr-o nou generaie compatibil cu Eurocode
8 a zonrii seismice a Romniei de Lungu i Cornea (vezi ec. 2.10 i ec. 2.11).
Totui, analiza riscului seismic al construciilor existente din Romnia impune efectuarea
analizei probabilistice de hazard seismic n acelai format cu cel din normativul P100-92
respectiv n valori PGA.
Alinierea practicii de proiectare antiseismic din ara noastr la practica internaional,
respectiv trecerea de la 50 ani la 475 ani interval mediu de recuren (n Eurocode 8 i
codurile americane ASCE 7-95 i UBC-97) implic o cretere substanial, de peste 1.5 ori a
nivelului actual al forelor seismice de proiectare a construciilor.
Astfel, valoarea de baz a acceleraiei de vrf a terenului folosit (conform Normativului
P100-92) n proiectarea construciilor din Bucureti este PGA=2m/s2 i corespunde unui
interval mediu de recuren a magnitudinii de cca. T =50 ani; pentru un interval mediu de
recuren a magnitudinii cutremurului de proiectare de T =475 ani (10% probabilitate de
depire n 50 ani), rezult pentru Bucureti valori PGA de cca. 3.5 m/s2, Figura 2.15.
Modificarea n proiectarea construciilor a actualului nivel de hazard seismic (50 ani) cu
cel din codurile americane sau EC8 (475 ani) nu este posibil ntr-o singura etap. Sunt
necesare studii amnunite de calibrare a ntregului normativ P100 la noul nivel de hazard,
motiv pentru care viitoarea versiune, de tranziie a normativului P100 va utiliza un nivel de
hazard seismic intermediar, T =100 ani. Acest nivel corespunde, de exemplu, n Bucureti
unei valori PGA de cca 2.5 m/s2, Figura 2.16.
2.1.10. Compoziia de frecvene a micrilor seismice Vrncene. Densiti spectrale de putere
i spectre de rspuns elastic
Valorile PGA obinute din analiza probabilistic de hazard seismic urmeaz a fi asociate n
proiectarea construciilor curente cu spectrele normalizate de rspuns pentru acceleraii
(spectrele din P100-92) definite fie prin valorile lor medii (mediane), fie - n cazuri speciale prin valori avnd 10% probabilitate de depire.
Cea mai semnificativ i important perioad de col (control) este perioada TC,
reprezentnd idealizat grania dintre domeniul de ordonate maxime n spectrul de acceleraii
absolute i domeniul de ordonate maxime n spectrul de viteze relative.
Descriptorii stochastici ai coninutului de frecvente al accelerogramelor sunt:
(i) Indicatorul adimensional al limii benzii de frecvene, (Cartwright i Longuet - Higgins):
= (1-22 / 04)1/2 ; i =
i G( ) d
(2.15)
(ii) Frecvenele fractil f10, f50 i f90 (Kennedy i Shinozuka), la stnga crora se cumuleaz
10%, 50% i 90% din puterea total de sub densitatea spectral de putere (PSD) definite astfel:
36
n10
n 50
G(f) df = 0.10
n 90
G(f) df = 0.5
G(f) df = 0.9
(2.16)
unde G(f) este densitatea spectral de putere unilateral normalizat (de arie unitar) a
accelerogramei modelat ca fiind staionar pe durata fazei puternice a micrii;
(iii) Frecvena ce corespunde vrfului densitii spectrale de putere, reprezentnd n
unele cazuri frecvena predominant a vibraiilor terenului, fP=1/TP; de exemplu, pentru
componenta NS nregistrat n 4 Martie 1977, pe amplasamentul INCERC : Tp=1.6 s.
Varietatea i particularitile spectrale a micrilor seismice nregistrate n Romnia este
ilustrat prin urmtoarele 3 exemple de densiti spectrale de putere, extrase dintr-o banc de
rezultate ce cuprinde peste 100 de accelerograme biaxiale i triaxiale procesate, Figura 2.17:
(i) Micrile cu cea mai ngust band de frecvene nregistrate n Romnia, n Estul
Bucuretiului, n Sos Pantelimon, la staia seismic INCERC n 1977 i 1986;
(ii) Micrile cu cea mai lat band de frecvene nregistrate n Romnia, la staia
INFP Carcaliu, n Dobrogea, n 1986 i 1990;
(iii) Micrile cu cea mai constant localizare - n 3 evenimente seismice de intensitate
diferit - a frecvenei proprii fundamentale a pachetului de straturi de teren obinute pe
amplasamentul Primriei din Cernavod (situat pe 3x10=30 m argile, caracterizate de viteze
ale undelor de forfecare de 500, 250 i 200m/s).
Accelerogramele nregistrate din sursa Vrancea n 1977, 1986 i 1990 au fost grupate n
seturi de micri reprezentnd clase de compoziie spectral stabilite pe baza valorilor TC ale
spectrelor de rspuns. Fiecare set este constituit din 7-20 micri i are valorile PGA, n
general, peste 0.1g. Din spectrele individuale de rspuns (amortizare =5%) s-au calculat
spectre avnd 0.1 i 0.5 probabilitate de depire (n modelul log-normal).
Spectrele de rspuns specifice condiiilor (extreme) de teren moale din Bucureti sunt
obinute dintr-un set de accelerograme cu band ngust de frecvene i perioada
predominant lung (avnd perioada de col TC1.0-1.2s), Figura 2.18.
Spectrele de rspuns specifice condiiilor de teren din Moldova (i Republica Moldova)
sunt obinute dintr-un set de 20 accelerograme cu banda lat i intermediar de frecvene
(avnd perioadele de col TC<0.6s), Figura 2.19.
Spectrul elastic pentru cea mai puternic micare seismic din sursa Vrancea nregistrat
n Bucureti la staia seismic INCERC pe 4 Martie 1977, avnd PGA=194.9cm/s2 i perioada
predominant Tp=1.6s este ilustrat distinct n Figura 2.18.
Spectrul elastic pentru cea mai puternic micare seismic din sursa Vrancea nregistrat
n Moldova, n Focani la staia seismic INFP pe 30 Aug 1986, avnd PGA=297.1cm/s2 este
ilustrat distinct n Figura 2.19.
Ecuaiile spectrelor de rspuns elastic din Figura 2.18 i Figura 2.19 sunt indicate n
formatul Eurocode 8 n Tabelul 2.9.
Tabelul 2.9. Spectre elastice de rspuns (=0.05) pentru Bucureti i pentru Moldova.
Categoria de teren
Probabilitatea de depire:
Perioadele de
TB
control ale
TC
spectrelor:
TD
Ecuaii pt.
TTB
domeniul de
TCTTD
perioade:
TBTTC
T>TD
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
37
G(f) /
1.0
0.8
0.6
Bucharest
IN C ERC seismic station
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
Frequency f , Hz
10
12
14
16
14
16
1.2
G(f)/
0.8
0.6
Cernavoda City-Hall.
INFP seismic station
0.4
0.2
0
0
Frequency f , Hz
10
12
0.25
Carcaliu.
INFP seismic station
0.15
G(f)/
0.2
0.1
0.05
0
0
Frequency f , Hz
10
12
14
16
38
3.5
3.0
3.75/T
2.5
2.5
SA normalizat
Bucuresti
7 comp. orizontale
teren moale
4.8/T
3.0
0.1
0.5 probabilitate de depasire
2.0
1.5
9.6/T
1.0
0.5
7.5/T
T C =1.5
T C =1.6 T D =2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perioada T , s
3.0
3.5
4.0
Figura 2.18. Spectre de rspuns elastic pentru condiiile de teren din Bucureti (=0.05).
4.0
3.5
3.2
SA normalizat
3.0
1.92/T
1.25/T
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.5
5.76/T
1.0
T D =3
0.5
3.75/T
T C =0.6
T C =0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perioada T , s
3.0
3.5
4.0
Figura 2.19. Spectre de rspuns elastic pentru condiiile de teren din Moldova (=0.05).
Simplificat, intensitatea hazardului seismic este descris de valoarea de vrf a acceleraiei
terenului pentru proiectare, ag determinat pentru intervalul mediu de recuren IMR de
referin, valoare numit n continuare acceleraia terenului pentru proiectare.
Condiiile locale de teren pentru care se definete ag sunt specificate prin macrozonarea
valorilor perioadei de control/col TC pentru amplasamentul considerat, Figura 2.20.
n condiiile seismice i de teren din Romnia, pentru cutremure avnd IMR100ani,
perioadele de col ale spectrelor de rspuns sunt date n harta din Figura 2.20 cu intervale
simplificate:
Zona Tc = 0.7s pentru condiiile de teren caracterizate de Tc0.7s;
Zona Tc = 1.0s pentru condiiile de teren caracterizate de 0.7s<Tc1.0s;
Zona Tc = 1.6s pentru condiiile de teren caracterizate de 1.0s<Tc1.6s.
39
Figura 2.20. Zonarea perioadei de col a spectrelor de rspuns pentru proiectare conform
nregistrrilor cutremurelor din 1977, 1986 i 1990.
n cazul unor condiii speciale de teren moale de exemplu, de tipul celui din Bucureti,
pot fi necesare mai multe spectre pentru reprezentarea adecvat a hazardului seismic, avnd
intervale de recuren sensibil diferite, Tabelul 2.10.
Pentru proiectarea construciilor la cutremure avnd IMR=3040ani perioadele de col
ale spectrelor de rspuns se vor lua conform Tabelului 2.10.
Tabel 2.10.
Interval mediu de recuren a
Zonarea perioadei de col a spectrelor de
magnitudinii cutremurului
rspuns Tc, s
IMR 100ani
0.7
1.0*
1.6*
IMR = 3040 ani
0.7
0.7
1.0
* Terenuri caracterizate prin mobilitatea compoziiei de frecvene a micrii terenului n
funcie de magnitudinea seismic
Spectrele elastice de acceleraie normalizate se obin din spectrele de rspuns pentru
acceleraii absolute prin mprirea cu valoarea ag.
Formele normalizate ale spectrelor de rspuns elastic pentru acceleraii (T), pentru
fraciunea din amortizarea critic =0.05, i pentru condiii de teren caracterizate de perioada
de colt sunt:
( 1) T
T< TB = 1 + 0
(2.17)
TB
TB<T TC
= 0
(2.18)
40
3.5
3
Tc 0.7s
0 =2.75
2.5
2
1.925/T
1.5
1
5.775/T
0.5
T B =0.07 T C =0.7s
T D =3
0
0
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
Perioada T , s
3.5
3.5
0 =2.75
0.7s<Tc 1.0s
2.5
2.75/T
2
1.5
8.25/T
1
0.5
T B =0.1
T C =1.0s
T D =3
0
0
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
Perioada T , s
3.5
3.5
1.0s<Tc 1.6s
0 =2.75
4.4/T
2.5
2
8.8/T
1.5
1
0.5
T C =1.6s
T B =0.16
T D =2
0
0
0.5
1.5
2
2.5
Perioada T , s
3.5
Figura 2.21. Sursa subcrustal Vrancea: spectre normalizate de rspuns elastic pentru
acceleraie pentru cutremure avnd IMR 100ani i condiii de teren caracterizate simplificat
prin perioadele de col: Tc = 0.7, 1.0 i 1.6s.
TC
T
(2.19)
TC TD
T2
(2.20)
TC<T TD = 0
T> TD = 0
41
unde:
o
este factorul de amplificare dinamic maxim a acceleraiei terenului de ctre
structura avnd 5% fraciune din amortizarea critic;
TB, TC limitele domeniului de perioade pe care acceleraia spectral este simplificat
modelat ca fiind constant,
TC, TD limitele domeniului de perioade pe care viteza spectral este simplificat modelat ca
fiind constant.
Spectrele normalizate de rspuns pentru acceleraie, pentru condiiile seismice i de
teren din Romnia sunt date n Figura 2.21.
2.2. Surse de suprafa n Banat
2.2.1. Cataloage de cutremure bnene
Banatul este o regiune foarte bogat n focare proprii, focare care se grupeaz n 2
regiuni distincte. O regiune o constituie partea de SE a Banatului (Moldova Nou), iar o alt
mprejurimile oraului Timioara (I. Atanasiu, Cutremurele de pmnt din Romnia, 1959).
Dup Constantinescu i Marza celor 2 zone seismogene principale din Banat li se pot
aduga i urmtoarele zone: Snicolaul Mare, Arad i grania romn iugoslav. Cele mai
puternice cutremure (M>4.1) n ultimii 200 de ani n zona Banatului sunt indicate n Tabelul
2.11 i n Figura 2.22. Ecuaiile de recuren formulate n modelul clasic GutenbergRichter
pentru evenimentele seismice din Banat consemnate n catalogul C. Radu, Tabelul 2.9, sunt:
(i) Sursa Timioara :
log n (M) = 2.34 - 0.74 M
(2.21)
(ii) Sursa Moldova Nou:
log n (M) = 0.81 - 0.50 M
(2.22)
(iii) Cele dou surse din Banat considerate mpreun:
log n (M) = 2.52 - 0.75 M
(2.23)
unde n (M) este numrul mediu ntr-un an de cutremure cu magnitudinea M.
Lund n considerare o magnitudine maxim credibil a sursei Mmax = 6.0 6.2 i o
magnitudine prag (inferior) M0 = 4.0, prin utilizarea modelului Hwang i Huo, 1994 rezult
urmtoarele relaii corectate de recuren:
(i) Cele dou surse din Banat considerate mpreun:
1 e 1.74 (M max M )
1 e 1.74 (M max M 0 )
Sursa Timioara :
n( M ) = e 5.801.74 M
(ii)
1 e 1.70(M max M )
n( M ) = e
1 e 1.70 (M max M 0 )
(iii) Sursa Moldova Nou :
5.38 1.70 M
(2.24)
(2.25)
1 e 1.15(M max M )
(2.26)
1 e 1.15 (M max M 0 )
Magnitudinea GutenbergRichter din Catalogul Radu poate fi tacit asimilat cu
magnitudinea undelor de suprafa, Ms.
n( M ) = e1.751.15 M
42
Tabel 2.11. Catalogul cutremurelor din Banat (M 4.1) n perioada 1794-1993 (Radu, 1994).
Nr.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Data
1794 Oct. 19
1847 Oct. 15
1859 Oct. 17
1879 Oct. 10
1879 Oct. 11
1879 Oct. 17
1879 Oct. 20
1879 Oct. 31
1879 Nov. 1
1879 Nov.19
1879 Dec. 22
1880 Apr. 13
1887 Jul. 10
1894 Dec. 19
1900 Jan. 29
1901 Apr. 02
1902 Jan. 21
1903 Jul. 20
1909 Aug.31
1910 Oct. 11
1912 Apr. 16
1915 Oct. 09
1915 Oct. 19
1915 Oct. 27
1927 May 31
1936 Sep. 06
1938 Jul. 08
1941 Aug.30
1956 Oct. 01
1957 Sep. 22
1959 May 29
1960 Oct. 22
1973 Aug.23
1974 Apr. 17
1978 Jan. 17
1991 Jul. 12
1991 Jul. 18
1991 Jul. 19
1991 Aug.12
1991 Aug.14
1991 Dec. 02
1991 Dec. 19
1992 Dec. 19
2001 Aug. 02
2002 Mai 23
2002 Mai 24
2002 June 22
Timp
(GMT)
h:m:s
Lat.
Long.
09:
06:15
09:30
15:45
02:45
02:53
10:45
18:30
06:30
23:10
04:03
11:20
02:56
21:30
01:15
16:55
12:46
10:40
21:21:29
11:52:09
04:30
21:30
08:30
22:58:15
04:49:02
06:32:49
04:41:44
23:23
14:44
20:38:28
19:17:48
14:52:43
01:31:34
02:29:33
10:42:21
11:56:31
01:27:32
04:59:39
23:36:03
08:49:41
03:12:22
09:34:06
21:50:45
3:26:01
20:42:28
13:26:50
46.2
46.2
46.1
44.7
44.7
44.7
44.7
46.1
46.1
45.7
44.7
44.7
46.0
45.0
46.0
45.5
45.8
45.5
45.1
44.9
45.2
45.4
45.4
45.4
44.9
45.7
46.0
45.7
45.4
45.6
45.65
45.6
45.71
46.0
45.77
45.38
44.90
45.31
45.47
45.32
45.45
45.91
45.64
45.52
44.81
44.84
44.53
21.3
21.3
20.9
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7
20.7
20.7
21.2
21.7
21.7
21.2
21.7
21.2
20.7
21.5
21.1
21.9
22.4
21.9
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.7
21.1
20.7
20.8
21.1
21.1
21.2
21.1
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.0
22.3
21.0
21.1
21.2
21.1
21.5
20.9
21.0
21.7
21.7
21.7
h
Io
M
Mw
Adncimea Intensitate Magnitudine Magnitudine
hipocentrul epicentral Gutenberg
moment
ui
(MSK)
Richter
(INFP, 2002)
km
10
VII
4.7
5
10
VII
4.7
5
10
VII
4.7
5
7
VIII
5.3
5.3
10
VII
4.7
5.3
10
VI
4.1
4.7
10
VI
4.1
4.7
10
VII
4.7
4.7
10
VI-VII
4.5
4.7
10
VI
4.1
4.7
10
VI
4.1
4.7
10
VI
4.1
4.7
10
VI
4.1
4.7
8
VII
4.7
4.7
8
VII
4.7
4.7
18
VII
5.0
5
5
VI
4.1
3.8
6
VI
4.1
4
20
VI
4.4
4.4
7
VI
4.3
4.3
10
VI
4.1
4.1
4
VI-VII
4.4
4.3
5
VII
4.8
4.8
(5)
VI
4.1
4.6
10
VI
4.4
4.4
10
VII
4.8
4.8
6
VI-VII
4.3
4.3
7
VII
4.8
4.8
4
VI
4.1
3.8
4
VI
4.1
3.8
5
VII-VIII
5.0
5
12
VI
4.1
4.2
25
VI
4.2
20/33
VI
4.1
4.9
15
VI
4.1
3
11
VIII
5.7
5.6
12
VIII
5.6
5.6
10
VII
4.8
14
VI
4.2
10
VII
4.6
9
VIII
5.6
5.5
10
VI
4.1
16
VII
4.1
5
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.5
43
44
n Tabelul 2.10 sunt indicate magnitudinile cutremurele bnene avnd intervalul mediu
de recuren T = 50, 100 i 475 ani (10% probabilitate de depire n 50 ani) n funcie de
magnitudinea maxim credibil a sursei Mmax = 6.1. n Figura 2.23 sunt reprezentate
intervalele medii de recuren pentru zona seismogen Banat.
Tabel 2.11 Magnitudini ale cutremurelor din Banat pentru diferite intervale medii de recuren
(Mmax = 6.1)
Sursa seismic
50 ani 100 ani 475 ani
Banat ( ambele surse) 5.4
5.6
6
Timioara
5.3
5.6
6
Moldova Nou
4.8
5.2
5.8
1000
Moldova Noua
100
Timisoara
10
1
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
Magnitudinea , M
45
Tabelul 2.12 Caracteristicile micrilor seismice nregistrate din sursa Timioara n 1991 i 1992
Staia seismic
Timioara
Fca. Tramvaie
Data
Comp.
Repl.-Jul-91
L
V
T
Timioara
Repl.-91
L
FCA-Tramvaie
V
T
Timioara
Repl.-Jul-91
L
-IAEMV
T
Timioara
Repl.-92
L
-IAEMV
T
Banloc-centru
2-Dec-91
L
V
T
PGA
32.8
-9.0
37.4
-19.2
-7.4
16.5
-16.8
7.9
17.1
-9.8
-9.9
11.5
85.3
124.7
128.1
PGV
2.4
1.3
-3.1
-1.8
-0.8
-1.4
-2.3
0.9
1.7
-1.1
1.1
0.9
11.5
3.0
19.7
PGD
0.5
-0.3
-0.5
0.4
0.2
0.4
-0.7
-0.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
-0.3
2.3
0.7
4.5
SAmax SVmax
128.4
7.1
48.7
4.3
173.0
11.8
80.6
4.0
32.2
2.9
68.1
6.1
66.3
7.5
26.7
3.5
69.0
7.9
17.9
4.6
20.4
3.8
35.2
3.2
238.2
2.21
284.1
7.4
335.0
38.7
SDmax
2.6
2.2
2.6
1.9
1.1
1.8
2.9
1.1
2.3
1.9
1.6
1.4
4.39
2.32
7.79
EPA
32.7
10.8
50.2
20.1
7.9
19.7
15.8
8.6
17.6
6.1
5.9
9.8
77.4
61.0
101.9
TC
0.41
0.78
0.48
0.47
0.87
0.70
1.01
0.87
0.99
1.76
1.50
0.76
0.69
0.27
0.92
46
5.0
4.0
2.1/T
3.5
8 comp. orizontale
3.0
3.0
1.5/T
2.0
1.0
media
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Perioada, T, s
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
Banloc
20 componente orizontale
2.5
2/T
2.0
1.0
media
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Perioada, T, s
2.0
2.5
3.0