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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

The guides in this book are constructed to provide information in a standard format. The book
consists of two parts: Part I, "The Base System," and Part II, "Third-Party Applications."

Part I provides information on installing the FreeBSD operating system. This section of the book
also contains important information on setting up your base FreeBSD environment and updating the
ports collection. If you need more information on the FreeBSD operating system, consult the
FreeBSD Handbook. It is an invaluable resource and can be found on the Web at
http://freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook.

Part II constitutes the bulk of this book. This section provides the information you'll need to install
and configure software using the ports collection. Applications are divided into individual modules
that are arranged alphabetically, minimizing the need to search indexes or tables of contents.

The applications covered in this book were carefully selected. A balance between stability and
available support were determining factors in choosing which applications would be included.
Stability is paramount in server environments. Community support is also very important for long-
term viability of an application; a well-supported application means that resources will be available
to you if you need help. Community support also encourages development efforts, which may lead to
faster responses to bugs or security issues.

FORMAT

Let's examine the standardized guide format used throughout. The following figure shows the
information given in the headers and title of each module.

Title of the module: This dictionary-style header makes it easy to find the project you're looking
for by flipping through the pages.

File paths: The paths to the Makefile and other associated files in the FreeBSD ports tree are given
here.

Protocol(s) and port(s) used by the application: If services provided by the application need to be
available to clients on the Internet, you may need to configure your router to forward these ports to

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your FreeBSD server. Check your router's documentation for details on port forwarding.

Level of effort: This value is an estimate of the time and effort required to complete the module,
on a scale of 1 to 5. Level 1 requires the least effort, while level 5 requires the most.

Application version covered in the module and the developer's website: The applications covered
in this book are under continuous development, so version numbers will change, but the installation
procedures described should stay relatively constant. The URL of the developer's website is provided
for reference.

Each module contains some or all of the following sections:

Summary This section explains what the application covered in the module does, the service or
solution it provides, and its history.

Resources This section shows websites that provide further information about the application
covered or the protocol(s) it employs.

Required This section specifies modules or tasks that need to be installed or completed prior to
beginning the module.

Optional This section lists modules or items that enhance or extend the application's functionality.

Preparation This section contains instructions and tasks to complete before beginning the application
installation process.

Install This section contains instructions and/or commands that compile the source code of an
application into binary form using scripts called Makefiles.

Configure This section contains important post-installation instructions that prepare configuration
files for use by the installed application.

Testing If applicable, this section gives steps to test the installation of an application or service.
Details for enabling automatic startup of server applications are also mentioned here.

Utilities This section contains important commands or programs that are useful for system
administration purposes.

Note: Commonly used options (or switches) are provided here for quick reference. Consult the
manual page for the command or utility for full documentation. See "Manual Pages" for more
information.

Config Files This section contains a list of important configuration files with short descriptions and
their default locations.

Log Files This section contains a list of logs that record information about the application; these can
be useful for diagnosing problems and monitoring activity.

Notes This section contains information that may be useful for extending the functionality and
security of the application. Options that depend on personal preference may also reside here.

WHERE TO START

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Below is a visual representation of the modules included in this book and their relationships. Server
roles are organized vertically with associated modules beneath.

Arrows represent the logical order that should be taken when using the modules in this book. Solid
lines connecting modules show relationships between modules. You can use this as a starting point,
or you can develop your own build strategy.

BECOMING THE SUPERUSER

The direction "become the superuser" is used throughout the book, and I want to clarify its meaning

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early on. The term superuser is synonymous with the root account on other UNIX-like systems. The
root account is a special user account that has full administrative rights to the system. Most of the
modules in this book require you to execute commands as the superuser.

To become the superuser, you can log in at the console (using the console means you are using the
monitor and keyboard attached to the system) with the username root. There may be times when you
need to log in remotely via SSH (Secure Shell). For security reasons, FreeBSD does not allow the
root user to log in via SSH. You must first log in as a normal user, then switch to the superuser
account with the su command. Only user accounts that belong to the wheel group may switch to the
superuser account. The FreeBSD module in this book explains how to add your initial user to the
wheel group during the installation process. If you don't follow that module or if you want to verify
your group memberships, log in and then type:

# id
uid=1001(john) gid=1001(john) groups=1001(john), 0(wheel)

You can see above that the user john is a member of the wheel group. To become the superuser, John
would type:

# su

After John enters the superuser (root) password, he will be switched to the superuser account. He
could verify this by typing:

# whoami
root

Once logged in as the superuser, you may add other users to the wheel group with the following
command:

# pw user mod uname -G wheel

Replace uname with the username of the user you want to add.

EASY EDITOR

Like on other UNIX-like platforms, FreeBSD configuration is controlled by the contents of various
text configuration files. These configuration files dictate how the system behaves, so the ability to
edit them is critical. FreeBSD includes ee (Easy Editor), which is easy to learn and has the basic
functionality needed to perform administrative tasks. To start Easy Editor, simply type ee at the
command prompt. Here is an example of the interface:

Code View:

^[ (escape) menu ^y search prompt ^k delete line ^p prev li ^g prev page

^o ascii code ^x search ^l undelete line ^n next li ^v next page
^u end of file ^a begin of line ^w delete word ^b back 1 char
^t top of text ^e end of line ^r restore word ^f forward 1 char
^c command ^d delete char ^j undelete char ^z next word
============================================================================

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The carat symbols indicate that the [ctrl] key should be pressed in combination with the adjacent
letter. For example, to search the current text file for a certain word, press [ctrl-Y]. You will see the
following search prompt:

search for:

Easy Editor shows prompts and status messages at the bottom of the screen. To access the menu
system, press [esc]:

+---------------------+
| main menu |
| |
| a) leave editor |
| b) help |
| c) file operations |
| d) redraw screen |
| e) settings |
| f) search |
| g) miscellaneous |
| |
| press Esc to cancel |
+---------------------+

The interface is intuitive and doesn't require much effort to learn. Take some time to familiarize
yourself with Easy Editor once you complete the initial FreeBSD installation.

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