1.

An experiment was carried out to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Results obtained from the experiment are as follows. Items Mass of crucible + lid Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Mass (g) 24.60 26.40 27.62

(a) State the hypothesis of this experiment. [3 marks] (b) What is the main disadvantage of this experiment? [3 marks] (c) Why is this experiment not suitable to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide? [3 marks] (d) Suggest one reaction which can be used to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide. [3 marks] (e) Calculate (i) The mass of magnesium that has been used.

[3 marks] (ii) The mass of oxygen which has reacted with magnesium.

[3 marks] (iii) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide. [Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Mg = 24]

[3 marks] (f) Based on the empirical formula in (b)(iii), write the chemical equation for the reaction. [3 marks]

2. Diagram below shows the stretching phases of a vulcanized rubber and an unvulcanized rubber strands. Stretching phases Length of vulcanised rubber Length of unvulcanised rubber

Before

During

After

Plan an experiment to compare one characteristic shown in the diagram above for both types of rubber. Your planning should include the following aspects: (a) Aim of the experiment (b) All the variables (c) Statement of the hypothesis (d) List of substances and apparatus (e) Procedure of the experiment (f) Tabulation of data [17 marks]