28-10-2011 Friday

28-10-2011 Friday

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28-10-2011 Friday

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f ikd &f wJh &m (1) vma&mufavQmufxm;oludk ol,
xl;wm0efrsdK;jzpfygw,f/
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(4) aq;0g;toH k ; jyKrI p pf a q;jcif ; tquftoG,fvkyfay;zdkYawmif;qdkyg/
(Drug test)
refae*sma[mif;awG[m olwdkYxHquf
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enf;vrf;wpf&yfjzpfygw,f/
(2) vma&mufavQmufxm;ol&UJ tvkyf

24 em&D trfbaD t (2)

( M B A

I n

D a y - 2 )

vlom;t&if;tjrpfpDrHudef;udk
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;

(Implementation of the Human Resources Plan)

0if;ode;f OD;

(Employee Leasing and Outsourcing)

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h cgrSm ar;
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kd nf; erlemtjzpfar;

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a&G;cs,fa&;enf;vrf;awGuawmh...
(1) vufawGUuRrf;usifrIppfaq;jcif;

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d u
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awGu vma&mufavQmufxm;olt
wGuf tvkyfcefYtyfa&;qdkif&maemuf
qH;k ydwq
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b,fvdkpDrHcefYcGJoifhovJqdkwmeJYywf
oufNyD; em;vnfod&SdapaMumif;ajymjy
yg/
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vkycf w
hJ u
hJ rk P
aD wGu ]tvkycf eft
Y yfchJ
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&mxl;wm0efrsm;} udpk pkH rf;&,lord ;f qnf;
xm;yg/
Ref: MBA IN A DAY by Steven
Stralser, Ph.D

28-10-2011 Friday

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28-10-2011 Friday
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<u,f0olawGqu
D vnf; oif,&l rSmjzpf
ygw,f/

wpfcgwynfhcHzl;&if tcgwpf&m
q&mvkyv
f &Ykd w,fqw
kd mrarhygeJ/Y
vuf&SduRefawmfwdkYawG awGUae&
wmuawmh HR Manager &,fvdkY cefY
tyfwm0efay;NyD;oGm;wmeJY b,fuae
pNyD;bmvkyf&r,fqdkwm rodwJhvli,f
wcsdKUudkawGUae&ygw,f/ olwdkY[m t
rsm;tm;jzifh oDtkd&DudkxHk;vkdacs a&vdk
aESmufwwfuRrf;Muw,f/ 'gayrJh oif
,lcw
hJ yhJ nm&yfawGukd vufawGUvkyif ef;
cGifxJrSm toHk;cszdkYusawmh tawGUt
BuHKenf;yg;wm&,f? oif,lavhvmrI
tm;enf;wm&,fqw
kd t
hJ csuaf wGaMumifh
tcufawGUae&Muwmudak wGU&ygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY&JUq&mwpfa,muf
ajymzl;ygw,f/ olw
Y ynfw
h pfa,mufukd
oludk,fwkdif HR Manager Post twGuf
Interview vkyz
f ;l ygw,fw/hJ tifwmAsL;
rSm tJ'Dvli,fuvkyfief;&Sifudk HR eJY
ywfoufwJh oDtkd&DawGudk &Tef;&Tef;a0
atmifajymoGm;EkdifvdkY vkyfief;&Sifut
&rf;oabmusNyD; olawmif;qkdwJhvpm
eJY HR refae*smcefYvdkufygw,fwJh t
vkyv
f yk Nf y;D wpfvavmufMumwJt
h cg tJ
'Dvli,fuuRefawmfhq&mqDzkef;vSrf;
qufygw,f/ q&muRefawmfb,fup
Ny;D vky&f rvJw/hJ
tJ'gudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh uRef
awmfwdkYvli,fawG[m oDtdk&DawGt
vGwfusuf tm*Hkaqmifxm;Ekdifayr,fh
toHk;cswJhbufawGrSmtm;enf;aewm
udkawGU&ygw,f/ 'gayrJh vli,fawGudk
rif;wdkYnHhw,fvdkYtjypfwifvkdufHkeJY ol
wdkYawGawmfvmrSmr[kwfygbl;/ olwdkY
awGnw
hH ,fvaYkd jym&if tJ'v
D n
dk &hH wJh t
aMumif;&if;xJrSm uRefawmfwdkYvlBuD;
awGygw,fqdkwmrarhygeJY/ vli,fawG
rwwfao;&if oifay;zd?Yk em;rvnf&if
&Sif;jyzdkYu uRefawmfwdkYvlBuD;awG&JUwm
0efyg/ uRefawmfwdkY&JUtawGUtBuHKawG?
tcuftcJajz&Si;f yHak wG? jyemajz&Si;f
yHak wGukd olwu
Ykd rkd Qa0ay;&if olw&Ykd UJ pGr;f
aqmif&nfawGw;kd wufvmrSmjzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfywfrSm tvkyfp0ifcgp
HR refae*smawGpwifaqmif&Gufoifh
wJhvkyfief;aqmifwmawGudk qufvuf
azmfjyoGm;ay;ygr,f/ oDtkd&Dtpm;
Applied vkyfwJhtjrifbufuae wifjy
ay;oGm;ygr,f/

28-10-2011 Friday

17

28-10-2011 Friday

18
CIP (... named place of destination)
Incoterms 2010
Carriage and Insurance Paid to
(CIP) qdkonfrSm a&mif;csxm;aom

ukepf nfrsm;udk a&mif;oltw

d pf yf w
kd mu
olowfrSwfxm;onfh ydkYaqmifa&;vkyf
ief;tzGJUtpnf; (carrier) odkYwnf;
r[kwf vlyk*KdvfxH a&mif;oltdwfpfydk
wmESihf 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mwdYk ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf
oabmwl o wf r S w f x m;onf h a e&m
(&S d y gu) vuf a &muf t yf E S H N yD ;
ukepf nfyaYkd qmifc (cost of carriage)ESihf
ukefpnftmrcHaMu; (insurance) wdkY
twGuf p&dwfpursm;uscHum owf
rS w f x m;onf h c &D ; qH k ; ( place of
destination) ta&muf ydkYaqmifay;
jcif;tay:tajccHaom tifudkwrf;pf
pnf;rsOf; (Incoterms rule) jzpfonf/
CIP pnf;rsOf;udk rnfonfhydkYaqmifa&;
enfvrf; (any mode of transport)
rsKd;twGufrqdk toHk;jyKEdkifonfhtjyif
wpfrsK;d xufruaom ydaYk qmifa&;enf;
vrf;rsm; ( more than one mode of
transport)jzifh wifydkYa&mif;csrIrsm;t
wGufvnf;toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ CIP
pnf;rsOf;\ tajccHoabmudk yHk (4)
wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

yHk (4)

wpfEikd if u
H kd jzwfausmo
f ,f,&l rnf qdk
yguvnf; ,if;jzwfausmrf t
I wGuf t
aumuf c G e f & S i f ; vif ; a&;ud p r sm;ud k
a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmuyif p&dwfpu
uscHNyD; wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ygao;
onf/ ukefpnfwifydkYcGifhESifh jzwfausmf
o,fydkYcGifh &Edkif? r&Edkifqdkonfh risk rSm
a&mif ; ol t d w f p f y d k w m\ wm0ef j zpf
onf/
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd monf ukepf nf
rsm;udk owfrSwfc&D;qHk;ta&muf wm
0ef,lydkYaqmifay;&rnf[k qdkapumrl
oGif;ukefvdkifpif&&Sd&efESifh oGif;ukef
twGuf taumufcGef&Sif;vif;&ef odkY
wnf;r[kwf oGi;f ukecf eG af y;aqmif&ef
tdwfpfydkwmrSmwm0efr&Sdyg/ 0,fol
tifydkwmuom c&D;qHk;onfhEdkifiHodkY
wifoiG ;f Edik &f eftwGuf oGi;f ukev
f ikd pf if
ESihf wjcm;vdt
k yfonfh Xmeqdik &f mcGijhf yK
csufrsm;&&Sda&;ESifh taumufcGef&Sif;
vif;a&;wdu
Yk kd p&dwpf uuscNH y;D wm0ef
,laqmif&u
G &f ygonf/ tu,f Mum;
EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHudk jzwfausmfwifoGif;&
rnfqykd guvnf; wifoiG ;f jzwfausmcf iG hf
&&Sda&;twGuf taumufcGef&Sif;vif;
a&;udprsm;udk 0,foltifydkwmu wm
0ef,al qmif&u
G &f ygonf/ ukepf nfwif

tifudkwrf;pf 2010

Carriage and Insur

armifa&at;([m;Awfwuov
kd )f
pmcsKyf (contract of carriage) csKyf
qdka&;wdkYrSm a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwm\
wm0efjzpfygonf/ xdt
Yk wGuf o,f,yl Ykd
aqmifcESihf ydaYk qmifa&;y#dnmOfpmcsKyf
wGif tusKH;0ifaomukefwifukefcscwdkY
udv
k nf; a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd muusc&H
ygonf/ odkYaomf ydkYaqmifa&;y#dnmOf
pmcsKyt
f & c&D;qH;k onfah e&mwGif usc&H
rnfu
h ek cf scrsm; (charges for unloading
at the the named place of destination)

Carriagean dInsuranceP aidto(CIP)

vTJajymif; ay;onfh ae&m

Delivery

CIP pnf;rsO;f t& a&mif;oltw

d pf f

ydw
k mu a&mif;csxm;aomukepf nfrsm;
udk jynfyodkYwifydkYEdkif&eftwGuf jynfy
ydu
Yk ek v
f ikd pf ifEiS hf wjcm;vdt
k yfonfh Xme
qdkif&mcGifhjyKcsufrsm;&&Sdatmif p&dwfp
uuscH N yD ; wm0ef , l a qmif & G u f & yg
onf/ ydkYukefwifydkY&mwGif taumuf
cG e f & S i f ; vif ; a&;ud p r sm; ( customs
formalities) twGuf ydkYukefcGeftyg
t0if wjcm;tcGet
f crsm;udk a&mif;ol
tdwfpfydkwmuyifuscH&ygonf/ xdkY
tjyif ukefpnfrsm;vTJajymif;tyfESHjcif;
rjyKrD (prior to delivery) Mum;EdkifiH

oGif;cGifhESifh jzwfausmfo,f,lcGifh&Edkif?
r&Edik q
f o
kd nfh risk rSm 0,fot
l ifyw
kd m
\wm0efjzpfonf/
a&mif;csvu
kd af om ukepf nfrsm;udk
oabmwlowfrw
S x
f m;onfh vTaJ jymif;
ay;tyf&rnfhydGKifh (point of delivery)
(&Sdygu) rS owfrSwfc&D;qHk; (named
place of destination) odkYwnf;r[kwf
c&D;tqH;k wGif ukepf nfvaJT jymif;vufcH
rnfhydGKifh (point of receiving the goods
within the named place of destination)
odkYta&muf o,f,lydkYaqmifay;rnfh
,mOf&&Sda&;ESifh ydkYaqmifa&;y#dnmOf

udk 0,foltifydkwmu wm0ef,l&rnf

[k owfrSwfxm;ygu ,if;ukefcscudk
a&mif ; ol t d w f p f y d k w mu ay;acs&ef
vdktyfrnf r[kwfyg/
Mum;EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHudk jzwfausmf
o,f,&l onft
h cg jzwfausmcf iG Ehf iS hf t
aumufcGef&Sif;vif;a&;udprsm;udk t
xufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; ydkY
aqmifa&;y#dnmOfpmcsKyt
f & a&mif;ol
tdwfpfydkwmujzpfap? 0,foltifydkwm
ujzpfap wm0ef,al qmif&u
G &f ygonf/
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd monf ukepf nf
rsm;udk ydaYk qmifa&;tzGUJ tpnf; (carrier)

xH oabmwlowfrSwfxm;onfhaeY
(agreed date) wGifjzpfap? oabmwl
owfrw
S x
f m;onfh tcsed u
f mv (agreed
period) twGif;rSmjzpfap vufa&muf
tyfESH&onf/ xdkodkYtyfESHonfhtcg t
a&mif;t0,fpmcsKyEf iS t
hf nD a&;qGx
J m;
aomta&mif;ukefydkYvTm (commercial
invoice)ESifh wjcm;taxmuftxm;
pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udkyg ay;tyf&yg
onf/ a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmonf ukef
pnfvTJajymif;ay;tyfawmhrnfqdkvQif
ukepf nfvaJT jymif;ay;tyfrnft
h aMumif;
udk 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mxHBuKd wiftaMumif;
Mum;&efvdktyfovdk vTJajymif;ay;tyf
Ny;D onft
h cgwGiv
f nf; vTaJ jymif;ay;tyf
Ny;D aMumif; 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mxHtaMumif;
Mum;&efvdktyfygonf/ ,if;odkY ay;ydkY
vdkufaomukefpnfrsm;udk 0,foltifydk
wmu owfrw
S x
f m;aomc&D;tqH;k wGif
ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;tzGJUtpnf;xHrS
vTaJ jymif;vufc&H rnfw
h m0ef&ydS gonf/
vkyf ;dk vkypf Ofoabmt& ukepf nf
vTJajymif;ay;tyfrnfhydGKifhudk oabmwl
owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdygu a&mif;ol
tdwfpfydkwmonf olYtwGuftqifajy
qHk;jzpfrnfh vTJajymif;ay;tyfrnfhydGKifh
(point of delivery) udkvnf;aumif;?
owfrSwfc&D;tqHk;rSydGKifh (point of the
name place of destination) udkvnf;
aumif; a&G;cs,fEdkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
tu,f 0,foltifydkwmtae
jzifh ukefpnfydkYaqmifay;&rnfh tcsdef
udkvnf;aumif;? owfrSwfc&D;tqHk;
(place of destination) odkYr[kwf c&D;
qHk;ae&mwGif ukefpnfvTJajymif;vufcH
rnfhydGKifh (point of receiving within the

named place of destination)

udkvnf;
aumif; owfrSwfydkifcGifh&Sdonf qdkygu
tqdkygtcsdefESifh c&D;qHk;onfhae&m^
ydGKifhwdkYudk a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmxH 0,f
oltifydkwmu tcsdefrDtaMumif;Mum;
&rnfjzpfonf/ tu,f ,if;odkYt
aMumif;Mum;&ef ysufuGufonf&Sdaomf
owfrw
S x
f m;onfh aeY? odw
Yk nf;r[kwf
owfrw
S x
f m;onft
h csed u
f mvukeq
f ;kH
onfah eYrpS wifNy;D tydu
k ek u
f sp&dwrf sm;
(additional costs) udk 0,foltifydkwm
uusc&H rnfjzpfygonf/
tdwfpfydkwmu ukefpnfrsm;udk
owfrw
S x
f m;aom ydaYk qmifa&;vkyif ef;
tzGUJ tpnf; odw
Yk nf;r[kwf vly*k K v
d x
f H
vTaJ jymif;tyfENHS y;D onft
h csed rf pS ukef
pnf r sm;aysmuf & S y suf p D ; qH k ; I H ; Ed k i f r I
tE&m,f (risk) rSm 0,fot
l ifyw
kd m\
wm0efjzpfoGm;ygonf/ odkYaomf CIP
pnf;rsO;f t& tqdyk g risk twGuf wm
0efudk a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmu ykcHk;
ajymif;xrf;aqmif&NyD; ukefpnftmrcH
aMu;udkay;acs&ygonf/ rnfodkYqdkap
a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmwGif wifydkYvdkuf
aom ukefpnfrsm;twGuf tmrcHaMu;
oufomonfh umuG,frItenf;qHk;
(minimum cover) tmrcHudkom xm;
&S&d efwm0ef&o
dS nfqw
kd mudak wmh 0,fol
tifyw
kd mtaejzifh od&edS m;vnfxm;&yg
vdrrhf nf/ odjYk zpfonfEiS t
hf nD a&mif;ol
td w f p f y d k w monf Lloyds Market
Association (LMA) ESifh International
Underwriting Association ( IUA )
yl;wGaJ umfrwDrS jyifqifwnf;jzwf xkwf
jyefxm;onfh Institute Cargo Clauses
(LMA/IUA)\ Clauses (C) odkYwnf;

ckepf&ufom;orD; a[mpmwrf; (q&mBuD;rif;odcF\ wynfhat;csrf;yGifh)

we*FaEG

wevFm

t*F g

Ak'[l;

tvkyftudkifESifhywfoufNyD; tquft
oG,faumif;rsm;&rnf/ vlBuD;? aqGrsdK;tBuD;
tuJun
l aD pmifah &Smufrnf/ c&D;a0;oGm;&ude;f
&Sd\/ c&D;ESifhywfoufNyD; atmifjrifrnf/ tdrf
topf? tvkyfopf&wwf\/ tdrfa&mif;0,f
jcif;jzifh tusdK;tjrwfrsm;rnf/ bmyJvkyfvkyf
twdkuftcHrsm;aernf/ ravQmhaomZGJvHkYv
jzifh tprStqH;k wdik f tvkyu
f Nkd y;D pD;atmifvyk f
yg/ aiGaMu;tukeftusrsm;rnf/ cg;emae
wwf\/ tcspfa&;pdwfwdkif;rus/ uHaumif;
ap&ef arG;aeYrSmtkef; 6 GefYvSLyg/

tdyfrufrsm;taumiftxnfay:awmh
rnf/ tvkyfajymif;jcif;? tdrfajymif;jcif;jzpf
rnf/ tzdk;wefypnf;rsm;0ifvmwwfonf/
avmif;upm;ESit
hf usKd ;ray;? 'kua &mufwwf
\/ trIjzpfot
l m; aiGracs;ESihf qH;k wwfonf/
ckwavmtvkyx
f w
J iG f pdwf yI af xG;p&mrsm;BuKH
rnf/ rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd v
f nf; use;f rma&;nHw
h wf\/
,mOfpufypn;f topfvnf;0ifrnf/ c&D;rMum
cPxGu&f rnf/ uHaumif;ap&ef arG;aeYwiG f
uHaumif;ap&ef arG;aeYwGifuHhaumfGefY 15
GefYbk&m;tm;vSLyg/

ckwavmrSm aysmyf &JG iT yf rJG sm;oGm;&jcif;jzifh

tcsed u
f ek af ernf/ aiG0ifrnf/ a&Tvnf;0ifrnf/
taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh &yfxm;&aomvkyf
ief;rsm;jyefvnfvyk u
f ikd &f rnf/ c&D;wpfcrk oGm;
jzpfbl;vdkvkdESifh oGm;&rnf/ tdrfodkYudk;uG,fp
&mkyyf mG ;awmfrsm;<uvmwwf\/ xDvnf;xd;k
ay;oifhonf/ oGm;emjcif;? oGm;zHk;a,mifjcif;
rsm;jzpfrnf/rdwaf qGcsi;f pdw0f rf;uGw
J wfonf/
&wemypnf;0ifwwf\/ &wemvkyfief;? a&
xGuyf pn;f a&mif;0,forl sm;tusKd ;tjrwfrsm;
rnf/ uHaumif;ap&ef arG;aeYwGifqefvSLyg/

rdwaf qGaumif;? q&maumif;rsm;\ ulnD

apmifah &SmufrjI zifh tvkyt
f udik ?f b0tajct
aewd;k wufjrifrh m;rIrsm;BuKH rnf/ c&D;a0;oGm;&
rnf/ tzufzufu 0ifaiG&&Sdaernf/ cspfol
0dkif;0dkif;vnfaernf/ bmoma&;vkyfief;rsm;?
vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh atmifjrifausmfMum;
rnf/ aetdrftaqmuftOD;? ,mOfpufypnf;
topfrsm;0ifrnf/ tEkynmvkkyfief;rsm;vkyf
&wwf\/ om;orD;tusKd ;aus;Zl;cHpm;&rnf/
jynfwGif;? jynfyc&D;aumif;rsm;&Sdonf/ uH
aumif;ap&ef arG;aeYwGif&GufvSyef;vSLyg/

19

28-10-2011 Friday

vrf;Tef (6)

rance Paid to (CIP)

r[kwf wjcm;tvm;wl Clauses t&

umuG,rf t
I enf;qH;k tmrcHukd xm;&Syd g
vdrfhrnf/ Institute Cargo Clauses
(LMA/IUA) \ tao;pdwfudk www.
lmalloyds.com wGif zwfIEdkifygonf/
odjYk zpf&m 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mtaejzifh
Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA)
yg Clauses (A) odrYk [kwf (B) t&vnf;
aumif;? Institute War Clause (LMA/
IUA) t&vnf;aumif;? Institute Srikes
Clause (LMA/IUA) t&vnf;aumif;?
od k Y w nf ; r[k w f wjcm;tvm;wl
Clauses t& tumtuG , f r sm;ud k
xyfrHjznfhpGufxm;&Sdapvdkygu ,if;
odkYxm;&Sday;apvdkaMumif;udk ta&mif;
t0,fpmcsKyfwGif &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
xnfo
h iG ;f csKyq
f x
kd m;&efvt
kd yfrnf jzpf
ygonf/ xdkYtwGuf xyfaqmif;&onfh
tmrcHaMu;udk 0,foltifydkwmu ay;
acs&ygrnf/ odw
Yk nf;r[kwf 0,fot
l if
ydkwmonf rdrd\tpDtpOfjzifh xyf
avmif;xm;&Sdvdkonfh ukefpnftmrcH
ud p u d k p&d w f u scH a qmif & G u f E d k i f y g
onf/
ukepf nftmrcHukd ta&mif;t0,f
pmcsKyfyg aiGaMu;trsKd;tpm;jzifh t
enf;qH;k pkpak ygif;ukepf nfwefz;kd \ 110
&mcdkifEIef;twGufxm;&Sd&ygonf/ ukef
pnftmrcHonf ukefpnfvTJajymif;ay;
tyfonfhydGKifh (point of delivery) rS
owf r S w f c &D ; qH k ; ( named place of
destination) a&mufonftxd ukep
f nf
aysmuf&S ysufpD;qHk;IH;EdkifrItE&m,f
(risk) udk tumtuG,af y;Edik &f ygrnf/
,if;rSm tedrfhqkH;vdktyfcsufjzpfonf/
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd monf ukepf nftm
rcHay:vpDukd 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mxHay;ydYk

&rnfh wm0ef&ydS gonf/ xdt

Yk jyif 0,fol
tifydkwmu olYtaejzifh xyfaqmif;
xm;&S d v d k o nf h t mrcH ( additional
insurance) ESifh pyfvsOf; owif;t
csuf t vuf r sm; awmif ; cH v mygu
vnf; a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmu ,if;o
wif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;
ay;&ygvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtwGuf ukefus
p&dwfESifh &Edkif? r&Edkifqdkonfh risk u
awmh 0,foltifydkwm\ wm0efjzpfyg
onf/
xH;k wrf;pOfvmt&jzpfap? 0,fol
tifydkwm\ awmif;cHcsuft&jzpfap
ydkYaqmifa&;pm&Gufpmwrf; (transport
document) rsm;udk 0,foltifydkwmxH
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd mu p&dwu
f scaH y;ydYk
&rnfhwm0ef&Sdygonf/ ydkYaqmifa&;pm
&Gufpmwrf;onf ta&mif;t0,fpm
csKyfygtcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnD&rnfjzpf
NyD;? ydkYaqmifa&;pm&Gufpmwrf;\ aeYpGJ
onf oabmwlowfrSwfxm;onfh
umvrukeq
f ;kH rDaeY&ufjzpf&ygrnf/
xH;k wrf;pOfvmt&jzpfap? ESpOf ;D ESpf
zuf o abmwl n D c suf t &jzpf a p yd k Y
aqmifa&;pm&Gufpmwrf;onf 0,fol
tifyw
kd mtm; ydaYk qmifa&;tzGUJ tpnf;
(carrier) xHrS ukepf nfrsm; xkw,
f El ikd cf iG hf
&Sad p&ygrnf/ xdt
Yk jyif vrf;ckvwfwiG f
wjcm;olwpfO;D OD;tm; a&mif;csEikd cf iG Ehf iS hf
xyfqifhvTJajymif;a&mif;csEdkifcGifhvnf;
&Sad p&ygrnf/ tu,f ydaYk qmifa&;pm
&Gupf mwrf;udk vTaJ jymif;ay;Edik o
f nfyh pkH H
(negotiation form) jzifh rl&if;wpfapmif
xufruxkwfay;xm;onfqdkygu rl
&if;tm;vH;k udk tpHv
k u
kd f (full set) 0,f
oltifyw
kd mxHay;yd&Yk rnfjzpfygonf/
xkyyf ;kd &efrvdt
k yfaom ukepf nft
rsK;d tpm;rSty wjcm;aomukepf nfrsm;
udkwifydkY&mwGif toHk;jyKrnfhydkYaqmif
a&;enf;vrf;\ oabmobm0? odkY
wnf;r[kwf rnfodkYrnfyHkxkyfydk;&rnf
qdkonfh 0,foltifydkwm\taMumif;

Mum;csuEf iS t
hf nD ukepf nfrsm;udk xkyyf ;kd
ay;&efrSm a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwm\ wm
0efjzpfygonf/ xkyyf ;kd rItwGuf ukeu
f s
p&dwfudkvnf; a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwm
uyif uscH&ygonf/
vTJajymif;ay;tyfaom ukefpnf
rsm;\t&nftaoG;? twdkif;twm?
tcsdeftwG,f? ta&twGuf rSef? rrSef
ppfaq;rI (checking) udk a&mif;ol
tdwpf yf w
kd mu p&dwpf uuscNH y;D wm0ef
,laqmif&Gufay;&ygonf/ xkdYtjyif
ukefpnfrsm;udk jynfywifydkYjcif;rjyKrD
Xmeqdkif&mnTefMum;csuft& aqmif
&Gu&f efvt
kd yfonfh ukepf nfppfaq;a&;
(mandatory pre-shipment inspection)
twGufudkvnf; a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwm
uyif p&dwu
f scaH qmif&u
G af y;&ef wm
0ef,l&ygonf/ odkYaomf jynfyydkYukef
wifydkYonfhEdkifiH (country of export)
wG i f mandatory pre-shipment
dk &f m
inspection ESihf pyfvsO;f oufqi
XmeunT e f M um;xm;jcif ; r&S d y gu
mandatory pre-shipment inspection

twGuu
f kd 0,fot
l ifyw
kd mu p&dwu
f s
cHaqmif&u
G &f rnfjzpfonf/
ukepf nfrsm;udk owfrw
S x
f m;onfh
tcsed u
f mvtwGi;f wifyEYkd ikd &f eftwGuf
vHkNcKHa&;t&uif;&Sif;aMumif;ESifh pyf
vsOf; rnfodkUaom owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;vdt
k yfrnfqw
kd mudk 0,fol
tifydkwmu a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmxH
tcsdefrD today;taMumif;Mum;&rnf
jzpfonf/
0,f,lxm;aomukefpnfrsm;udk
c&D;qHk; (final destination) ta&muf
wifoiG ;f Edik &f efvt
kd yfonfh taxmuft
xm;pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;ESihf vkNH cKaH &;t&
uif;&Sif;aMumif;tygt0if
owif;tcsut
f vufrsm;&&Sad &;twGuf
0,fot
l ifyw
k d muawmif;cHvmonft
h ul
tnDrsm;udka&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmtae
jzifjh znfq
h nf;ay;&rnfw
h m0ef&ydS gonf/

xdt
Yk wl a&mif;csvu
kd o
f nfu
h ek pf nfrsm;
jynfyodkYwifydkYcGifh&&Sda&;? ydkYaqmifa&;?
Mum;EdkifiHrSwpfqifhjzwfausmfydkYaqmif
cGifh&&Sda&;wdkYESifh oufqdkifaom t
axmuf t xm; pm&G u f p mwrf ; rsm;
tjyif vHkNcKHa&;t&uif;&Sif;aMumif;
tygt0if owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
&&Sad &;twGuf a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd mu
tultnDawmif;cHvmaomtcg 0,f
oltifyw
kd mu tcsed rf u
D n
l aD qmif&u
G f
ay;&rnfhwm0ef&Sdygonf/ xdkodkYaom
tul t nD a wmif ; cH r I r sm;twG u f
ukeu
f sp&dwEf iS hf owif;tcsut
f vuf
rsm;&Edik ?f r&Edik q
f o
kd nfh risk wdu
Yk akd wmh
tultnDawmif;cHou
l wm0ef,&l yg
onf/
CIP pnf;rsOf;udk toHk;jyK&mwGif
atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;udk owdjyK
Edik &f ygrnf/
tajccH t m;jzif h CIP onf CPT
(Carriage Paid to) ESihf wlonf/ t"du
uGmjcm;csufrSm CIP t& a&mif;ol
tdwfpfydkwmu ukefpnftmrcHaMu;
twGuf uscH&jcif;jzpfonf/
CIP pnf;rsO;f t& ukep
f nfrsm;udk c&D;
qH k ; ta&muf yd k Y a qmif a y;NyD ; onf h
tcgusrS a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmtae
jzifh wm0efausonfr[kwf/ ukefpnf
rsm;udk ydaYk qmifa&;tzGUJ tpnf; (carrier)
xHvufa&muftyfENHS y;D onft
h cg a&mif;
oltdwfpfydkwmtaejzifh wm0efausNyD
jzpfonf/
ukep
f nfaysmuf&yS supf ;D Edik rf t
I E&m,f
(risk) twGuf vTJajymif;wm0ef,l&
onfah e&mESihf p&dwpf ursm;uscu
H m ydYk
aqmifay;&rnfah e&mwdrYk mS rwlujJG ym;
jcm;em;ygonf/
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd mESihf 0,fot
l ifykd
wmwdt
Yk Mum; ukepf nfvaJT jymif;ay;rnfh
ae&m (place of delivery) ESihf c&D;tqH;k
ae&m (place of destination) wdkYudk
ta&mif;t0,fpmcsKyfwGif twwfEdkif
qHk;wdwdususxnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;&ef
txl;vdt
k yfygonf/ tb,fah Mumifq
h kd
aomf ukefpnfvTJajymif;ay;tyfonfh
ae&monf ukepf nfaysmuf&yS supf ;D qH;k
I;H Edik rf t
I E&m,f (risk) twGuf wm0ef
&SdrIukd a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmu 0,fol
tifydkwmxH vTJajymif;ay;onfhae&m
jzpfNyD;? c&D;tqHk;ae&monf ukefpnf
rsm;udk a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmu p&dwf
uscHNyD; ta&mufydkYaqmifay;&rnfh
ae&mjzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/
tu,f owfrw
S x
f m;aom c&D;qH;k

ta&muf ukefpnfrsm;udkydkYaqmif&m
wGif wpfckxufruaom ydkYaqmifa&;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (carriers) udk toHk;
jyK&rnfqdkygu? ukefpnfvTJajymif;ay;
tyfrnfhydGKifh (point of delivery) udk
oabmwl o wf r S w f x m;&ef vd k t yf
ygonf/ ,if;odYk owfrw
S x
f m;jcif; r&Sd
vQif a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmtaejzifh ol
a&G;cs,fxm;onfhae&m ukefpnfrsm;
udk pwifo,f,lrnfh ydkYaqmifa&;tzGJU
tpnf; (first carrier) xH vufa&muf
tyfESHEdkifcGifh&Sdygonf/ xdkodkY tyfESHNyD;
onft
h cg ukepf nfaysmuf&yS supf ;D Edik rf I
tE&m,f (risk) twGuf wm0ef&SdrIudk
0,foltifydkwmxHvTJajymif;ay;NyD;&m
a&mufoGm;ygonf/
tu,f ukep
f nfaysmuf&yS supf ;D qH;k
I;H Edik rf t
I E&m,f (risk) twGuf wm0ef
&SdrIudk pwifo,f,lonfhae&mrSm r
[kwfbJ? aemufc&D;pcef;wpfaxmuf
(Oyrm - yifv,ful;oabFmqdyfurf;
odkYwnf;r[kwf tjynfjynfqdkif&mav
qdyf) usrS vTJajymif;ay;&efjzpfygu?
,if;odkY vTJajymif;ay;&efjzpfaMumif;udk
ta&mif;t0,fpmcsKyw
f iG f twdtvif;
xnfhoGif;csKyfqdkxm;&efvdktyfrnfjzpf
ygonf/
xdt
Yk jyif owfrw
S cf &D;qH;k ae&mtwGi;f
( within the agreed destination )
ukefpnfvTJajymif;ay;tyfrnfhydGKifhudk
vnf; twwfEdkifqHk;wdwdusus xnfh
oGif;azmfjyxm;&efvdktyfygonf/ t
b,fhaMumifhqdkaomf a&mif;oltdwfpfydk
wmonf ukefpnfrsm;udk tqdkygydGKifh
ta&muf p&dwu
f scyH aYkd qmifay;&ef wm
0ef&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYrSom
a&mif;oltw
d pf yf w
kd monf ukepf nfrsm;
ud k tqd k y gyd G K if h t a&muf o,f , l y d k Y
aqmifay;&efvt
kd yfcsuu
f kd ydaYk qmifa&;
y#dnmOfpmcsKyfwGif xnfhoGif;csKyfxm;
Edik rf nfjzpfonf/
tu,f ydaYk qmifa&;y#dnmOfpm
csKyfwGif tqdkygydGKifh ukefpnfrsm;udk
o,f,lvmonfh,mOfay:rS csay;jcif;
(unloading) twGuf ukefusp&dwfudk
a&mif;oltdwfpfydkwmuuscH&rnf[l
azmfjyyg&SdNyD; tqdkygukefusp&dwfudk
0,f o l t if y d k w mu jyef t rf ; rnf [ k
oabmwlxm;jcif;r&SdvQif a&mif;ol
td w f p f y d k w mtaejzif h ,if ; uk e f u s
p&dwfudk 0,foltifydkwmxHrS jyefvnf
awmif;cHciG rhf &Sad y/

ckepf&ufom;orD; a[mpmwrf; (q&mBuD;rif;odcF\ wynfhat;csrf;yGifh)

&m[k

Mumoyaw;

aomMum

pae

&efrsm;pum;rsm;jzpf&rnf/ tvkyfwGif
&efay:rnf/ tBuD;tuJ\txifvGJrSm;rIcH&
rnf/ tdrw
f iG jf yemtrsKd ;rsKd ;Iyaf xG;ae&wwf
\/ aiGtxGufrsm;rnf/ aiGaMu;jyemay:
wwf\/ rdbuse;f rma&;nHah ernf/ c&D;ESiyhf wf
ouf uHraumif;ao;/ ajr? tarG0ifudef;&Sd
\/ raumif;aomtaygif;toif;a&mufvmNy;D
'kua y;wwf\/ i,f&,
G o
f rl sm;tcspaf &;aom
uBuHKrnf/ tdrfaxmif&Sdolrsm;vnf; pdwf
oabmxm;uGJvGJaewwf\/ uHaumif;ap&ef
&m[kaxmifhwGif ,yfjzL 12 vufvSLyg/

aqG r sd K ;? {nf h o nf a &muf v mwwf \ /

aumif;usKd ;ay;rnf/ {nfo
h nfjzpfonf/ i,fcspf
a[mif;ESijhf yefqw
kH wfonf/ a&T0ifrnf/ tvkyf
tudkifwdk;wufjcif;? atmifjrifjcif;wdkYBuHKrnf/
jynfwGif;? jynfyc&D;&Sd\/ &ifbwfatmifhjcif;?
'l;emjcif;wkjYd zpfwwfonf/ tdrjf yif? tdraf qmuf?
tdrfajymif;jcif;jzifh uHaumif;rnf/ vli,frsm;
tcspaf &;wGiaf ysm&f iT zf ,
G jf zpfrnf/ tdraf xmif&iS f
rsm;vnf; tqifajyaernf/ om;orD;tusdK;
cHpm;&rnf/ vkyfief;opfrsm;pwifEdkifNyD/ uH
aumif;ap&ef oajyvSLyg/

ckwavm pdwfIyfaxG;p&mjyemrsm;
BuHKrnf/ tvkyfwGifpum;rsm;&efrsm;jzpfrnf/
c&D;wdkav;rsm;oGm;&wwf\/ usef;rma&;nHh
rnf/ rMumcPaexkdifraumif;jzpfrnf/ rdwf
aqGa,mifaqmifaeaom&efou
l o
kd wdxm;yg/
xDaygufEdkifonf/ aiGt0ifxuf txGufrsm;
aernf/ &yfa0;odo
Yk mG ;vsif a&vrf;c&D;udak &Smif
yg/ tvdkvdkae&if;pdwfwkdaewwf\/ bmom
a&;? vlraI &;vkyif ef;rsm;vkyjf cif;jzifh uHaumif;
ygrnf/ arG;aeYwGif opfoD;qGrf;uyfvSLyg/

0ifaiGw;kd rnf/ xDaygufovdv

k ;kH ueJ cJueJ
aiG0ifrnf/ xDvnf;xd;k ay;oif\
h / tdrw
f iG t
f vSL
r*FvmjyK&rnf/ ud,
k w
f idk v
f nf;r*Fvmaqmif&
wwf\/ um;opf&rnf/ &yfa0;wGit
f vkyo
f mG ;
vkyf&wwf\/ bmyJvkyfvkyfuHaumif;aeyg
onf/ usef;rma&;tenf;i,fowdjyKyg/ qD;?
tpmtdrfa&m*gjzpfwwfonf/ cspfol0dkif;0dkif;
vnfaernf/ qHk;rnfxifaom ta<u;rsm;jyef
&wwf\/ rdrdESifhwuG rdom;pkvHk;pD;yGm;wuf
rnf/ uHaumif;ap&ef xreJ'gejyKyg/

28-10-2011 Friday

rvdkonfwdkhudkjcpfypfyg

atmifopf
atmifjrifcsifwJhvlwpfa,muf&JU
b0pmrsufESmxJu aemufxyfjcpfypf
&r,fph mvH;k wpfv;kH &Sad eygao;w,f/ tJ
'guawmh ]jiif;cHkjcif;} ygyJ/ jiif;cHkjcif;
[m rdrda&molwpfyg;yg ESpfOD;ESpfzuf
b,fwkef;urStusdK;r&SdwJhtrSm;wpf
&yfjzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh ta&mif;o
rm;wpfOD;taeeJY rdrdtwGufazmuf
onfjzpfEidk af jc&So
d w
l pfa,mufeYJ b,f
aomtcgrS jiif;cHkjcif;rjyKoifhygbl;/
wpfcgu aps;xJrSmjiif;cHkajymqdk
aeMuwJh jrifuGif;wpfckudkBuHK&zl;yg
w,f/ wpfa,mufu trsdK;om;yg/
aemufwpfa,mufuawmh trsdK;orD;
aygh/ ESpfOD;pvHk;toufBuD;aeygNyD/ 40
ausmfawGcsnf;yg/ 'gayrJh olwkdYpdwfo
abmxm;awGuawmh BuD;&ifhvmyHkr
ay:ygbl;/
trsKd ;om;Bu;D u vrf;ay:uaeNy;D
ajcum;,m;vufum;,m;eJY rsuv
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rsufqefjyL;ajymqdkaeygw,f/ wpfpHk
wpf&mudkrausreyfjzpfaeyHkygyJ/ t
oufSLawGjrefovdk olYrSmacR;oD;acR;
aygufawGvnf;usaeygw,f/ acgif;
wcgcg ajc[efvuf[efeaYJ jymvm;ajym
&JU/ aps;qkdifxJudkvSrf;NyD;vufndK;xdk;
vm;xdk;&JU/ trsdK;orD;uawmh olajym
orQcg;axmuf N yD ; Munf h a eygw,f /
wpfceG ;f pESpcf eG ;f pjyefajymw,fxifyg&JU/
'gayrJh tusdK;rxl;vSygbl;/ aemuf
awmh trsdK;orD;ygcg;axmufNyD; tjyef
tvSefatmfBuD;[pfus,fajymqdkjiif;
ckefMuygawmhw,f/ tJ'DrSm orD;awG
jzpf[efwlyg&JU/ qkdifxJuaumifrav;
ESpfa,mufu trsdK;orD;udkazsmif;zs
ajymqdkNyD; qdkifxJqGJoGif;ygw,f/ 'D
awmhrS trsdK;om;BuD;vnf; ab;bDudk
vSnfhMunfhNyD; SL;SL;&SJ&SJeJYxGufoGm;
ygawmhw,f/
'DjrifuGif;[m tifrwef&Sufp&m
aumif;Ny;D tifrwefvnf; tkyq
f ;kd vS
ygw,f/ udk,fa&;udk,fwmudpyJvm;?
aps;a&mif;&if;0,f&if;jzpfMuwmvm;
rajymwwfygbl;/ 'gayrJh ckvkdtajct

wifjiif;cHjk cif;aMumifh b,forl t

S Ekid rf &
ygbl;/ ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;HI;ygw,f/ w
u,f v k d Y r sm; aps;a&mif ; orm;wpf
a,muf[m azmufonfeJYyJjzpfjzpf? 'g
rSr[kwf azmufonfjzpfzt
Ykd vm;tvm
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d el yYJ jJ zpfjzpf tjiif;yGm;r,fq&kd ifawmh
wu,fhr[mtrSm;BuD;udk usL;vGef&m
a&mufygvdrrhf ,f/
tjiif;yGm;w,fqdk&mrSmvnf; ESpf
rsdK;ESpfpm;&Sdygw,f/ EIwfjzifhtjiif;yGm;
jcif;eJY trlt&mjzifhtjiif;yGm;jcif;yg/
]Asm.. uReaf wmfyh pn;f u t&nf
taoG;rrDbl;? [kwfvm;/ cifAsm; bm
udkMunfhajymwmvJ}
]aeygOD;? cifAsm;u ukefxkwfvkyf
rItaMumif;b,favmufem;vnfvdkY
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&JUvm;}
'guawmh EIwef t
YJ jiif;yGm;wwfMu
wJhyHkpHjzpfygw,f/ ckvkdEIwfjzifhajymqdk
jiif;cHk&mrSm toHaetoHxm;eJY toH
tedrfhtjrifhay:rSmvnf; rsm;pGmrlwnf
aeygao;w,f/
EIwfeJYr[kwfbJ trlt&meJYjiif;cHk
&mrSmawmh acgif;&rf;jywmrsdK;? 'grSr
[kwf azmufonftvm;tvm&Sdolt
ay:rSm tmHrk xm;bJ wpfjcm;ae&mudk
rsufESmvTJNyD; pdkufMunfhaewmrsdK;awG
jzpfygw,f/ azmufonfet
YJ wl rsuEf mS
csi;f qkid u
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wmrsdK;[mvnf; roifhavsmfwJhyHkpHyg/
ta&mif ; t0,f a vmurS m t
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onftvm;tvm&Sdoludk EIwfa&m t
rlt&mygaygif;pyfNyD; jiif;cHkajymqkdwm
rsdK;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'g[m &efrD;yGm;apHkr
u udk,fhaowGif;udk,fwl;wJhrdkufrJjcif;
rsdK;ygyJ/ azmufonfyJjzpfjzpf? azmuf
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wpfzufvu
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r&Syd g/
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kd m b,faomtcgrS
azmufonfeJYjzpfap? azmufonfjzpf
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jcif;rjyKygeJY/ azmufonfbufutNrJ
rSefw,fqdk&if azmufonfjzpfEkdifajc&Sd
oltaeeJYvnf; 'DvkdtcGifhta&;rsdK;&
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vnf; vdktyfwmxufydkNyD; MuefYMumrI
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aMumifh 0efaqmifrInHhzsif;wJhtwGuf
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28-10-2011 Friday
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(Grand Strategy) t& usew
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It doesnt matter if it is a black (The rest of the world) tay:
f ;D
or white cat. As long as it can catch MoZmvTr;f zd?Yk uGejf rLepfpepfukd zsuq
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aumif ; wJ Y a Mumif y gyJ v d k Y em;vnf Munfh&ifawGUEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
onfaeYtar&duefawG&JU t*AsL
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pm;0wfaea&;ajyvnfae&if tJ'v
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Yk vnf; (1960s)
pOf [ m vuf c H E d k i f w J Y v rf ; pOf y J j zpf MoZmoufa&mufapzdu
w,fvdkY jzefYMuufawG;EdkifrSmjzpfw,f/ umvxJupNy;D atmifjrifcyYJ gNy/D ta&SU
avmavmq,frSmawmY ]t&if;&Sif tv,fydkif;EkdifiHawGtay: csKyfudkif
pepf} eJY ]vGwfvyfukefoG,frI} u rSef zdkYrSmvnf; rsufarSmufjzpfysufaewJY
uefwJYtwGJtpyfjzpfaeNyD; aemifwpf vpfAsm;? tD*sp?f tD&wfta&;tcif;awG
csdefrSm onfhxufydkaumif;wJYpepfay: u aumif ; aumif ; BuD ; taxmuf
vm&if? 'grSr[kwf jynfolawGudk ydkNyD; tyHaY y;aeNyjD zpfygw,f/
vuf&Sdorwa&SUu George W.
om,m0ajymapwJYpepfudk &SmazGawGU
Bush
&J U Ek d i f i H j cm;a&;&may:vpD
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uG,faysmufoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ ta&; (Foreign Policy) udkcyfMurf;Murf;avY
BuD;wmu EkdifiHawG[m udk,fYvlrsdK;? vmMunfh&if yg0gtrm (Hard Power)
udk,fYEkdifiHom;awGudk &SdqJumvrSm udk toHk;jyKrsm;cJYwmawGUEkdifw,f/
taxmuftyHjY yKEidk rf ,fpY epfukd aumif; 9^11 ta&;tcif;upvdkuf wJY Bush
aumif; usifYoHk;? toHk;csEkdifzdkYyJjzpfyg &JU ay:vpDudk omrefem;vnfatmif
nDrQjcif;csjy&r,fqdk&if ...
w,f/
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Unipolar + 9/11 +
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tar&duef&JU EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'
pD;yGm;a&;tiftm; (Economic

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rwlawmYbl;/ tJ'DtcgrSm tar&duef
awGu ]vufOD;rI} (Preemption) udk

v,f y d k i f ; awmf v S e f a &;uG i f ; quf u d k

awmY aumif;aumif;axmufcNH y;D bd;k pOf
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awmY ...
jrefrmEkdifiHtay:xm;&SdwJY tar
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jyefNyD;oHk;oyfaeygw,f/ um'fuif
bJvf? uifwm;em;? 'J&ufrpfcs,f pwJY

barmifwdkY&JU pdwftcHawGudk r
ajymif;Edkif&if ... barmifwdkY tajymif;
cH M u&ygvd r f Y r ,f / onf a e&mrS m
Microsoft ola|;Bu;D Bill Gates &JUajym
pum;udo
k mG ;Ny;D owd&rdvu
kd w
f ,f/
In three years time , every
product my company makes will be
obsolete. The only question is whether
well make them obsolete or somebody
else will?

oHk;ESpftwGif; olYukrPDu xkwf

ukeaf wG[m acwfuek o
f mG ;rSmjzpfw,f/

tcif;tusif;opf-pdwftcHopf

a'guw
f maeZifvwf
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tar&duefawG[m b,folY&JUcGifYjyKrdefY
udkrSapmifYp&mrvdkbJ vufOD;rI&,lEkdif
r,f} vdkYjzpfvmw,f? tar&duefawG
wpfOD;wnf; (Individualism) taeeJY
aqmif&GufcGifY&Sdaew,fvdkY olYrl0g'rSm
xnfhoGif;a&;qGJvkdufwmvnf; jzpf
w,f/
Obama &JU EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'udk
avYvm&if ... Bush eJY uGjJ ym;oGm;w,f/
Bush u Hard Power udy
ko
kd ;kH Ny;D tdb
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w,f/ EkdifiHtm;vHk;eJU xdawGUqufqHrI
(Engagement) tay:rSm tav;xm;
w,f/ tJ'DxdawGUrItay:rSm rl0g'udk

Engagement
Arab Spring
Smart Power

jyefNyD;jyifqifoHk;oyfa&;qGJw,f/ 'g
ayr,fY Arab Spring qdkwJY ta&SUt

olawGa&mufvmNyD; jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
awGjrifoGm;awmY rl0g'a&;&majymif;
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b,fvdk ajymif;MurvJ
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uae tcif;tusif;opfqDudk ajymif;
aeygw,f/ tcif;tusi;f opfrmS vdu
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avsmnDaxG&SdEkdifzdkY barmifwdkYtm;vHk;
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oH;k oyfenf;awGukd OcGt
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xm;ypf&rSmrsdK;jzpfygw,f/

Polarization

Change your mind-set otherwise

youll be changed.

Afghan = Individualism + War on Iraq.

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ESpaf ygif; (30-40) ruvnf; MumoGm;
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Industrialization qdw
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pOf;pm;Mu&awmYrSm jzpfw,fqdkwmudk
ajymcsifwmyg/

28-10-2011 Friday

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BuaH y;wmrsKd ;uvnf; oifw
h u
hJ pd r [kwf
bl;av/

28-10-2011 Friday

Management

Consultancy

ygarmua'gufwmatmifxeG ;f oufajzMum;onf
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aeeJY olrsm; HR qdkvdkYom HR vd k u f
&wm HR u bmawGvkyf&w,fqdkwJh
tajccHawmifrodwmawGtrsm;BuD;
awGUae&ygw,fq&m/ tJ'Dydkif&Sifvdk

vlrsdK;awGudk oifwef;ay;zdkYrvdkbl;
vm;q&m/ vkdr,fqdkb,fvdkoifwef;
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w,f? txifBu;D w,f? ta&;ygw,fvYkd
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ynmay;Ekdifatmifaqmif&Gufapvdkyg
w,f/

28-10-2011 Friday

20

owd jrefEIef;jrifhonf
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wdik ;f r[kwyf J tay:rSatmuf? atmuf
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formal communication

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I pfcyk gyJ/
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xJrmS awmh "The informal transmission
of information, gossip or rumour from
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w,f/ ]vlwpfO;D rS tjcm;wpfa,mufoYkd

tzGUJ tpnf;&JUvkt
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awmh a&S;jynfwGif;ppfawGjzpfawmh
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BuKd ;) awG[m ppfajrjyifrmS opfyifwpf
yifeJYwpfyiftay:rSm IyfaxG;NyD;awmh
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rajy? wire awGudktoHk;jyKNyD; ydkY&wJho
wif; (messages) awG[mvnf; rwdus?
raocsmrIawGrsm;vmygw,f/ aemuf
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jyK roJuaJG omowif;tcsut
f vuf
wdkYxGufay:&mvrf;aMumif;udk Grapevine Channel vdw
Yk ifpm;ac:a0:vmMu

ygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSmawmh part of

communication tjzpfxnfo
h iG ;f azmfjy
vmygw,f/
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awG[m olwkdY&JUt,ltq? tawG;t
jrif? qHk;jzwfcsufawGudk twif; odkYr
[kwf aumvm[vtoGifaqmifNyD;
xGuaf y:vmavh&ydS gw,f/ 'Dvjkd zpfay:
vmwJhtcgrSm Grapevine Channel &JU
tpysdK;&mae&mudk&SmazGzdkYqdkwmrjzpf
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onf record r&SdbJ Informal qefqef
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YH mjcif;aMumifjh zpf
ygw,f/ xkdYaMumifh ajc&mcHzkdYrvG,fvS
yg/
'D Grapevine Channel qd k w m
b,ftzGUJ tpnf;rSmrqdk twkid ;f twm
wpfckxd&SdaerSmygyJ/ tenf;trsm;om
uGmayvdrfhr,f/ a&SmifvGJcsifvdkYawmhr
&yg/ American Psychologist wpfO;D jzpf
wJ h Gordon Allport u Grapevine
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vufrsm;? aumv[vrsm;ouf0if
vIy&f mS ;rIukd Formula jzifh idea ay;xm;
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vdkufavonf/
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ac: txufwGifazmfjycJhaom aumv
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f
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ESifh A wdkYonf aygif;yGm;rsm;r[kwfbJ

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vufwo
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f t
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a&;vnf;BuD; (I)? rwdusrI (A) vnf;
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(R) onf ydktm;aumif; aocsmo
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wpfcck o
k nf Zero qkyd guvnf; Rumour
onf Graperine Channel wGif 0if
a&mufp;D qif;p&mtaMumif;r&Sad y/ odYk
r[kwf I u tm;aysmhaomfvnf;
aumif; odkYr[kwf ra&&mrI? rwdusrI
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oufqikd o
f w
l t
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d 0f ifpm;rIvnf;
enf;? (R) \ jyif;xeftm;aumif;rI
vnf;enf; Grape Vine Channel rS
wpfqifo
h wif;pD;qif;rI? oGm;vmrIrsm;
vnf;aES;auG;vmayrnf/
if; Formula udk xyfrH t
axmuf t yh H a y;cJ h o l r S m Donald B.
Simmons ol u aumvm[v (R)
onf Grapevine Channel wGif tm;
aumif;zGHUNzdK;vmonfrSm if; R onf
tvkyo
f rm;rsm;twGuf ta&;Bu;D jcif;?
ta&;rBuD; (I) ESifhomwdkufdkufouf
qkdiftcsdK;usavonf/ A udkrl xnfh
oGi;f pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKay/ taMumif;t&m
wpfckonf 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf ta&;
BuD;avav (I)? aumvm[v (R)
onfvnf; ydkysHUESHUavavjzpfonf/
Oyrm- ukrPDwpfckwGif vpmwdk;rnf
qd k a om aumvm[v (R) onf
tvkyform;rsm;twGuf t"duta&;
BuD;aom (I) jzpfaomaMumifh R onf
yd
k ysUH ESaYH vavjzpfayrnf/
qdik &f mynm&Sirf sm;u axmufjycJh
wmu omrmefpD;yGm;a&;tajctae
wGif Grapevine Channel rSvmwJh aum
vm[v&JUrSeu
f efr[
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90 &mcdik Ef eI ;f Mum;rSm&Syd gw,f/ Grapevine Channel wGif owif;? twif;?
aumvm[vwdkY[m Word of mouth
eJY ysHUESH&wJhtwGuf ysHUESHYrIEIef;rsm;vm

wmeJt
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qHk;jzefYa0ay;zkdYqdkwm rjzpfEdkifawmhyg/
xkdYaMumifh aumvm[vawG[m t
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&aom ref a e*smrsm; txl ; ojzif h
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Channel wGif c&muswJhae&mrSmyg0if
ygw,f/ taMumif;rSm if;refae*sm
rsm;[m upper level management eJY
operation employees wdkYtMum;rSm o
wif;tcsuftvufawGudk vufcH&m
ae&meJY jzefjY zL;&mae&mjzpfaomaMumifh
yg/
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wif;? twif;? aumvm[vwdkY[m
organization twGif;rSm&SdwJh refae*sm
rsm;udk aumif;usKd ;rsm;ay;ovdk qd;k usKd ;
rsm;vnf;ay;ygw,f/ aumif;usdK;rsm;
uawmh Managers awG[m Company
ucsrw
S x
f m;wJh Policies rsm;eJyY wfouf
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channel of communication xuf ydk
jrefjrefqefqefod&Sd&jcif;? 0efxrf;rsm;
vnf;tzGJUtpnf;eJYywfoufwJh aum
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rsm;rS m Grapevine Channel onf
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk ydkvQif
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owif;tcsut
f vufrsm;udk tjynft
h
0ro,faqmifEkdifbJ aumvm[vt
jzpf tpdwt
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vnf; tvkycf sed w
f iG t
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f yk af ejcif;
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wmaMumifh tzGJUtpnf;&JUxkwfvkyfrI
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toH;k csoifyh gw,f/ 'gayrJh wpfc&k w
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u ]jrefEIef;awmhjrifhonf? owd&SdMuyg}

21

28-10-2011 Friday
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28-10-2011 Friday

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23

28-10-2011 Friday
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