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E-health Standards andInteroperability 
ITU-T Technology Watch ReportApril 2012
E-health systems can potentially transform healthcare through mobile health delivery, personalized medicine, andsocial media e-health applications. Reaching the potential for advancements in e-health will only be achievedthrough information and communication technology standards efforts that facilitate interoperability amongsystems and devices, provide unqualified privacy and security, address the unique needs of the developingworld, and leverage existing ubiquitous technologies such as social media applications and mobile devices.
 
The rapid evolution of the telecommunication/information and communication technology (ICT)environment requires related technology foresight and immediate action in order to propose ITU-Tstandardization activities as early as possible.
ITU-T Technology Watch
surveys the ICT landscape to capture new topics for standardization activities.Technology Watch Reports assess new technologies with regard to existing standards inside and outsideITU-T and their likely impact on future standardization.
Acknowledgements
This report was prepared by Dr. Laura DeNardis of American University in Washington, DC. Dr. DeNardis is aglobally recognized expert on Internet governance and ICT standards. Her books include
Opening Standards:The Global Politics of Interoperability 
(MIT Press 2011),
Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance
(MIT Press 2009); and
Information Technology in Theory 
(Thompson 2007 with Pelin Aksoy).The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of theInternational Telecommunication Union or its membership.Please send your feedback and comments totsbtechwatch@itu.int.
 
The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union or its membership.This report, along with other Technology Watch Reports can be found athttp://www.itu.int/techwatch.
 
Cover picture by ra2 studio, Shutterstock.Technology Watch is managed by the Policy & Technology Watch Division, ITU TelecommunicationStandardization Bureau.
Call for proposals
Experts from industry, research and academia are invited to submit topic proposals and abstracts for futurereports in the Technology Watch series. Please contact us attsbtechwatch@itu.intfor details and
 
guidelines.© ITU 2012All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without theprior written permission of ITU.
 
ITU-T Technology Watch
>
E-health Standards and Interoperability (April 2012) i 
Table of contents
Page
1
 
Introduction: Standards at the Core of E-health ................................................................................. 1
 
2
 
Emerging Trends in Electronic Health Care ......................................................................................... 2
 
3
 
E-health Standards Institutions .......................................................................................................... 7
 
4
 
Global ITU-T E-health Initiatives ....................................................................................................... 11
 
5
 
Conclusion: Five Prerequisites for Transforming Healthcare with ICT Standards ............................... 15
 1. Emphasizing Greater Interoperability .............................................................................................. 152. Increasing Coordination over e-health Standardization .................................................................. 153. Ensuring Privacy, Security and Safety .............................................................................................. 164. Reducing the Standardization Gap in the Developing World .......................................................... 165. Leveraging existing ICTs like Mobile Devices and Social Media ....................................................... 17
Glossary of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 18
 
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