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Spring passes and one remembers one's innocence. Summer passes and one remembers one's exuberance. W3 Consortium, recently standardAutumn passes and one ized HTML5 allowing canvas eleremembers one's reverence. ment to draw graphics elements on Winter passes and one rememthe fly, while scripting. More and bers one's perseverance. more applications are shifting from Startups are undergoing the same web to mobile devices, and recent (Yoko Ono) transformation that technology trends have suggested that these After the harsh Winter, as the does when it becomes cheaper. mobile sites are getting heavy trafSpring gives way to the Sum- Specifically, a lot of web-based fic. Very recently Mozilla released a mer, the semester converges startups are attracting venture fund- version of Firefox with an extra towards vacations. Let us strive ing. Not only are they low on capi- option when looking at a webpages to give our best in this last tal investment, they need very underlying code, the ability to renstretch of the session. A short small teams to build a prototype, der the page in 3D. The resulting refreshing diversion is offered and many of them have been very render will stack different elements by this issue of the newsletter successful in the past five of the page, making it easier to see with its diverse content promis- years. Major mergers & acquisi- the structure of the page and the ing to have something for eve- tions have been seen in the field overall hierarchy. In 2011, a nonvery recently, profit group ryone. all with an end The best way to predict the fu- Khronos proIn this issue, we extend a goal to give posed WebGL, ture is to invent it. hearty welcome to the new users the best a method of faculty, Prof. Parag Singla with browsing exgenerating ~Alan Kay a thought provoking interview. perience dynamic 3D Our theme of innovation con- thereby getting the maximum eye- graphics using JavaScript, accelertinues with a motivating article balls. If people get the right to ated through hardware, that will on the evolution of web and we work in implementing ideas instead enable cross platform web gaming. also take a peek into the future of sitting on them, technology will A part of WebGL code is executed with one of the latest techno- evolve faster. We have seen this on computers GPU, so high-end logical advancements, the happening for web technologies. desktop games are likely to have a With all major browsers shipping browser versions in near future. Google Glasses. multiple versions every year, many Modern web browsers have started The process of expanding both conferences are focusing on the supporting offline web apps, emthe scope and the number of futuristic web applications, launch- ploying a method of defining web activities organized by the pads and keynotes showcasing page files to be cached using a Chapter is accentuated as we latest gadgets. We are definitely cache manifest file, allowing them discuss the Indo-Pak coding eyeing a complete turnaround in to work offline on subsequent visits contest, Tryst Microsoft Ap- the web-o-sphere. The web today is to the page. pathon and much more. a growing universe of interlinked Over the last decade, the focus has web pages and web apps, teeming Our personality profile probeen on the expansion of web, inwith videos, photos, and interactive vides an insight into the life of creasing the existing user base, the content. What the average user George Boole, the father of doesn't see is the interplay of web future lies in creating artificialBoolean Logic. Read on to find technologies and browsers that intelligence apps that interpret data out more about the great re- makes all this possible. Over time, much like humans do, and develop searcher. For some interesting web technologies have evolved to services that work more intuitively fun facts, you can turn to the give web developers the ability to and make it easier for average Intercrossword given in the fun create new generations of useful net users to find what theyre looking for. It will be interesting to section. and immersive web experiences. watch this transition happen. Read on for invigorating facts! Web has moved from mere webpages to features that facilitate in- Only time will tell how it evolves! teroperability, user-centered design and information sharing via colAditi Kapoor, Chief Editor laboration. Today's web is an infor- Contributed by :Akash Khandelwal
Paul Graham, an eminent computer scientist, has discussed in his essay titled The Future of Web Startups, a pattern which we see over and over again in technology. Initially a device that's very expensive is made in small quantities. Then someone discovers how to make it in an inexpensive manner; many more thereby get built; and as a result they can be used in new ways.
mation sharing via collaboration. Today's web is a result of the ongoing efforts of an open web community that helps define web technologies like HTML5, CSS3 and WebGL and ensure that they're supported in all web browsers.
CSE Newsletter
An award winning project article: Scalable content distribution for social networking websites
Amit Ruhela
Student : Amit Ruhela Supervisor : Dr. Aaditeshwar Seth Project Team Members : IIT Delhi : Rudra Mohan Tripathy and Prof. Amitabha Bagchi; NICTA Australia : Sipat Triukose, Sebastien Ardon and Dr. Anirban Mahanti Publication details : Amit Ruhela, Scalable content distribution for social networking websites, Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 3-7 Jan. 2012, (Best Presentation in PhD Forum) I. Introduction Due to vast increase in internet traffic, it has become extremely difficult for the service providers to efficiently deliver their services to end users while keeping good QoS. Therefore, end users often experience problems like high latency, low throughput, and services outages. To minimize user perceived latency, we require selective replication techniques that decide efficiently about which contents should be replicated when and where. The prior work on content replication has mainly focused on replicating the popular UGC at various geographical locations but the changing nature of content from broadcast to UGC indicates that different mechanisms may be needed for more accurate placement prediction of user generated content. In our work, we aim to study various predictors which are extracted from online social networks for proposing an efficient replication strategy. We believe that our study will assist in the design of better recommender systems, and reveal interesting topics diffusion patterns on online social networking websites. II. Contributions We have used Twitter OSN for studying various predictors. Our dataset contain information collected from five different resources. We first use the spatial information of each twitter account to study how topics spread geographically over time. The Fig. 1 (a) shows that the UGC popularity peaks at different times in different timezones. From spatial patterns, we believe that event occurrences at the the plots shown in Fig. 2, we believe that the content placement strategies should use the periodicity and growth patterns of topics to predict their future demand; stability and decay patterns of topics to either uphold or evict the related UGC from the content caches. Third, we study the social network information of content producers to predict the locations of content demand. From Fig. 1(b), we observe that the topics which are discussed by few users, hold high social cohesion (social relations) between their producers. The social network of niche topic producers can be used to predict users who will be interested in the topic, and consequently their locations can reveal the geographies where demand would arise in the future. III. Conclusions The above predictors extracted from online social networks suggest the design of content placement strategy like follows: use semantic information about the topic to assess what class the temporal growth of the topic would belong, use time-zone information to predict when a particular content would become popular in some other geographies, and use social network predictors for niche content in priority to geographical predictors. We are currently running more extensive tests to confirm our hypotheses about geographical, temporal, and social predictors for content distribution. We will then subsequently design distributed algorithms that can coordinate the placement of UGC on content delivery networks.
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origin sites can decide when to replicate UGC in other parts of the world. We next study how topic popularity changes over time. We have classified all the topics of our dataset in multiple classes on basis of periodicity, stability, growth, and decay patterns. From
An interesting project article: Determining the Configuration of a Host Through its Virtual Machines
Shikhar Agarwal
Student : Shikhar Agarwal Supervisor : Dr. Sorav Bansal Publication details : S. Agarwal, S. Bansal, "Determining the Configuration of a Host Through its Virtual Machines" Workshop in Virtualization and Cloud Computing (WIVCC) 2012 Introduction In this project, we develop methods to determine the actual physical resources of the Virtual Machines provided by a Cloud Service Provider like Amazon through running workloads inside the Virtual Machines. Our method allows a customer of a service provider to verify that he is being given the promised resources or not, i.e., this can help verify the Service Level Agreements. It also allows competing service providers to gauge each others physical resources. The Cloud Service Providers do not give the details of their actual physical resources, and hence their determination could lead to new security threats and thus allows these providers to take necessary steps beforehand. Our tool estimates the number and type of physical machines in the Cloud by spawning multiple VMs and running workloads inside them. The workload stresses a particular component of the machine to gain information about it. For eg, to determine the number of CPUs of the Host, we run compute intensive benchmarks on all the VMs on that host. Similar is the case for memory. An important capability to determine physical resources is to determine if two VMs are coresident on a single physical host. We first present some strategies to detect coresidency. Some of these strategies are network based using scp latencies and other relevant outputs of tools like iperf; another strategy involves running cache intensive bench- 5. mark and exploiting the fact that L2 cache is shared between the VMs. Yet another important strategy is based on the page sharing by the Linux KSM module between the VMs. Having determined coresidency VMs, our tool then determines the memory size, and the number of cores per host. We presented results on our experiments conducted on two setups - our own private lab setup for testing, and Baadal, IIT-Delhis internal cloud service at the IIT-B Workshop. array. A lot of page faults indicates that KSM had marked them COW and hence these 2 VMs are coresident. Determining the number of cores/ Memory Size of the host: i.) Run memory intensive workload on a VM and note down the execution time. ii.) Spawn coresident VMs and simultaneously run the same workload on each and note down the running time iii.) Repeat step ii until a large jump in the execution time as derived in step i is observed. Note down the number of VMs, say n. iv.) Memory size of the host in GB = ceiling (sum of previous n - 1 VMs memories in GB).
Methodology The basic methodology can be explained by the following algorithm: Results We note that co-resident VMs have a 1. Determining coresidency of VMs lower latenciesas compared to resi2. ping: We ping one VM from andent VMs. other and note down the latency. It is observed that co-resident VMs A very low latency indicates inhave larger execution time when a ternal routing by kvm and hence cache-intensive benchmark is run on coresidency. The execution time of memory3. Running cache intensive benchintensive benchmark jumps when we marks : We run cache intensive have 4 coresident VMs of 0.5 GB benchmarks on 2 VMs. As cache memory each. Hence by the methodis shared (L2), if these are coresiology and formula we discussed, we dent, then it would take more say that the host has 2 GB memory. time for execution than a single The execution time of computeVM alone would take. intensive benchmark jumps when we 4. KSM Page sharing: KVM's KSM have 3 coresident VMs of 1 core module shares identical memory each. Hence by the methodology we pages. Here 2 VMs make identiadopted, we say that the host has 2 cal arrays and read from them so cores. that KSM shares these pages. Then one of them writes to its
The creative person wants to be a know-it-all. He wants to know about all kinds of things: ancient history, nineteenth-century mathematics, current manufacturing techniques, flower arranging, and hog futures. Because he never knows when these ideas might come together to form a new idea. It may happen six minutes later or six months, or six years down the road. But he has faith that it will happen." ~Carl Ally
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George Boole was a mathematician who helped in establishing modern symbolic logic. The design of modern digital computer circuits is based on his algebra of logic called Boolean AlgeBoole was a great mathematibra. He was born in the English Probability is expectation founded upon partial cian, and an even better teacher. town of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, knowledge. A perfect acquaintance with all the He was dedicated to his profesEngland on 2 November, 1815. His sion, which ultimately proved circumstances affecting the occurrence of an father was a cobbler by profession. fatal. Boole's life was cut short His family being too poor to send event would change expectation into certainty, him to school, Boole taught him- and leave neither room nor demand for a theory when he died of a 'feverish cold' at the age of 49, after walking 2 self five languages and learned of probabilities. miles through the rain to get to mathematics from his father. Inclass and then lecturing in wet ~George Boole. fact, by the age of 14, he had beclothes (proving, once again, come so skilled in Greek that it that genius and common sense provoked an argument. He transsometimes have a less than nodlated a poem by the Greek poet Meleager I can speak confidently to the fact of ding acquaintance.) which his father was so proud of that he his being not only well-versed in the had it published. However the talent was highest branches of mathematics, but such that a local schoolmaster disputed possessed of original power for their that any 14 year old could have written extension which gives him a very re- Sources with such depth! spectable rank among their English Boole did not study for an academic cultivators of this day. 1. h t t p : / / w w w. g a p - s ys t e m . or g / degree, but from the age of 16 he was an Boole was married to Mary Everest ~history/Biographies/Boole.html assistant school teacher at Heigham's (niece of Sir George Everest, after School in Doncaster. This was rather whom the mountain is named). The 2. http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/ boole.htm forced on him since his father's business difference in their ages was immense, collapsed and he found himself having to but they had a happy marriage, the 3. http://www.philosopherzone.com/ support financially his parents, brothers testimonial to which is the fact that george-boole-quotes/ and sister. He maintained his interest in they had 5 daughters. 4. http://www.sciencephot o.com/ languages, began to study mathematics media/223560/enlarge seriously, and gave up ideas which he Boole's system (detailed in his 'An had to enter the Church. In 1833 he Investigation of the Laws of Thought, moved to a new teaching position in on Which Are Founded the MatheLiverpool but he only remained there for matical Theories of Logic and Probsix months. In 1834 he opened his own abilities', 1854) was based on a binary Compiled by : Aayush Goel school in Lincoln although he was only approach, processing only two objects - the yes-no, true-false, on-off, zero19 years old.
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Dr. Saurabh Amin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1st November 2011 Amit Merchant, IBM, 14th November 2011 Subhojit Roy, , 14th November 2011 Dr. Anirban Dasgupta, Yahoo! Labs, 1st December 2011 Dr. Roopak Sinha, INRIA, France, 7th December 2011 Lasse Kliemann, Univ of Kiel, December 2011 21st
Pravesh Biyani, Shankar Prakriya, Surendra Prasad and Amitabha Bagchi., Dynamic programming based multi-user resource allocation for partial crosstalk cancellation in VSDL, IEEE Communications Letters 16(3):420-423, 2012. Amit Ruhela, Rudra Mohan Tripathy, Sipat Triukose, Sebastien G. Ardon, Amitabha Bagchi and Aaditeshwar Seth. Towards the use of Online Social Networks for Efficient Internet Content Distribution .In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems (ANTS '11) , December 2011, pp. 1-6.
A. Mahla, D. Martin, I. Ahuja, Q. Niyaz, and A. Seth., Motivation and Design of a Content Distribution Architecture for Rural Areas, ACM DEV, 2012 Z. Koradia and A. Seth. Phonepeti:Exploring the Role of an Answering Machine System in a Community Radio Station in India, ICTD 2012 S. Nagar, A. Seth., Characterization of Social Media Response to Natural Disasters, INSNA Sunbelt Social Networks Conference, 2012
Rohit Chadha, LSV, Ecole Normale Superieur, Cachan, Paris, France, 22nd December 2011 Ankit Sharma, CMU, 10th January 2012 Raj Saxena, Enterpriseforce,11 January 2012 Prof. Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, Depts. of Computer Science and ECE, U. of Houston, 17th January 2012 Prof Robert Meersman, VUB STARLab Brussels, Belgium, 18th January 2012 Dr.Victor Hayes, Delft University, 27th January 2012 Dr. Gene Frantz, TI, 30th January 2012 Sharad Goel, Yahoo Research, 6th February 2012 Prof. Michael Werman, Department of Computer Science, Hebrew University, Jerusalem ,10th February 2012 Dr. Leo Liberti, thLIX, Ecole Polytechnique, France, 13 February 2012 Nirman Kumar, UIUC, 2012 21st February
th
Amit Ruhela , Scalable content distribution for social networking websites,Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2012 Fourth International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-2, 3-7, Jan. 2012
Aditi Kapoor, Parul Pandey and K. K. Biswas, Fuzzy rule based document image segmentation for component labeling, accepted for presentation at NCVPRIPG, Nat. Conf. on Vision, Pattern Re cogniti on, Ima ge P r oc. an d Graphics, Dec 15 17, 2011, Hubli.
S. Chouhan, M. Balakrishnan, R. Bose, System-Level Design Space Exploration Methodology for Energy-Efficient Sensor Node Configurations: An Experimental Validation , IEEE TCAD, Vol. 31 , No. 4, 2012 , pp 586 - 596
Abhishek Gupta, Jatin Kumar, Daniel J Mathew, Sorav Bansal, Subhashis Banarjee and Huzur Saran., Design and Implementation of the Workflow of an Academic Cloud, Presented at Second Workshop on Issues in Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, 2011 Shikhar Agarwal and Sorav Bansal, Determining the Configuration of a Host Through its Virtual Machines., Presented at Second Workshop on Issues in Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, 2011 Aashish Mittal, Dushyant Bansal, Sorav Bansal (IIT Delhi) and Varun Sethi (Freescale Semiconductor). , Lightweight Adaptive Binary Translation for Virtualization on Embedded Power architecture Platforms, Presented at Second Workshop on Issues in Virtualization and Cloud Computing, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay , 2011 Mohamed Yahya, Klaus Berberich,
Yamuna Prasad and K. K. Biswas, Fuzzy-Rough based Regularization in Generalized Multiple Kernel Learning, (accepted for presentation at FSKD 12, Chongqing, China, May 29-31, 2012). Manish Agrawal, K.K.Biswas and M. Ha n m an dl u,, Pr oba bi l i st i c Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rule Based Controller, accepted for presentation at IEEE ICARA, 5th Int. Conf. on Automation, Robotics and Applications, Dec 68, 2011, Wellington , New Zealand.
K.K. Biswas, S.K. Basu, Gesture Recognition using Microsoft Kinect, accepted for presentation at IEEE ICARA, 5th Int. Conf. on Automation, Robotics and Applications, Dec 6 8, 2011, Wellington, New Zealand. Z. Koradia, Balachandran C, K. Dadheech, M. Shivam, and A. Seth, Experiences of Deploying and Commercializing a Com-
Dr. Simon Kramer, University of Luxembourg, 7th March 2012 Dr. Amitabh Trehan, Information Systems, Faculty of IE & M, Technion, Haifa, Israel, 14th March 2012 Prof. Rakesh Verma, University of Houston, 16th March 2012 Prof. Aviral Shrivastava, Arizona State Universit y , 23tdMarch 2012
II. Publications A. Chawla, V. Yadav, V. D. Sharma, J. Bajaj, E. Nanda, V. Ribeiro, and H. Saran, RODEO: Robust and Rapidly Deployable TDM Mesh with QoS, Dif-
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Amit
Sandeep Kumar Bindal wins third prize at PLDI SRC 2011 in the Undergraduate Category.
Q.1. Please take us through your career journey Ans. 1. I come from a small place in Haryana where I did my schooling up to class 10. I then went on to do my class 11th and 12th from DPS R. K. Puram. I sometimes feel that the biggest transition in whole of my career/studies was coming from a small town to Delhi. Eventually I got an opportunity to study in Bombay and then in US too. But I still feel that this was the biggest change. I went to IIT Bombay for my undergrad. Next I did my masters and PhD at the University of Washington, Seattle. I did my Ph.D. in machine learning. After finishing up my PhD, I did a post-doc for a couple of years at University of Texas, Austin. I moved back to India in September 2011. I have been at IIT Delhi as an assistant professor since last December.
Q.5. How was the transition from UG to PG and PhD? Ans. 5. Academically it was pretty smooth. The credit for that goes to the IIT system. It equipped us in such a way that I was not at a disadvantage coming from India. I didnt find any problem in the level of the courses. In terms of social environment of course it was different. You start a new existence. You manage everything on your own, cook your own food etc. People there understand it can be very different. But it helps to have people from India, even from IITs etc. Theres a really large Indian community. One interesting thing was that I realized that you value Indian culture, festivals, food etc more when you are outside India. At least it happened to me.
Q.3. How did you get interested in Computer Science as a career? Ans. 3. I was always very interested in Mathematics and Science. In Science, the interest was mostly in Physics and partly in Chemistry. I had also studied Computers in class 11 and 12 which I found suiting to my interests. All these interests combined together along with a good rank in JEE helped me make the CS choice. At that time, it might not have been a very informed decision, but I always cherish it in the hindsight.
Q.2. Please share some enlightening experiences as a student at IIT Bombay Ans. 2. That was the first time I was so far away from my parents. I used to feel home sick in the beginning but it be-
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Identify your passion and follow it. Sometimes we keep our deeper interests at the back burner and pursue a path which we are not interested in. We then end up not being successful. But that is inevitable since it is not where we wanted to be. Take up a goal that drives you from the very core and work towards it. Being in an intellectually stimulating environment like IIT, one is provided with so many opportunities. Sky is the limit. Utilize the presence of faculty not just for academics but also to learn from their experiences about life. Faculty can also play a more constructive role in this I feel. Compiled by : Aditi Kapoor & Swati Verma
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Speaker:Prof. Sanjay Madria (Missouri University of Science & Technology Title: Secure Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks Abstract: Data aggregation is a technique used to conserve battery power in wireless sensor networks (WSN). When securing such a network, it is important that we minimize the number of computationally expensive security operations without compromising on the security. This talk deals with the test-bed implementation of our end to end secure data aggregation algorithm. Unlike previous algorithms which required separate phases for secure aggregation and integrity verification, ours does not require an additional phase for verification. This
Augmented Reality
With Google announcing Project Glass and setting a fresh wave of frenzy in the minds of every Science Fiction fan, Augmented Reality has come a long way. Augmented Reality blurs the line between what's real and what's computer-generated by enhancing what we see, hear, feel and smell. On the spectrum between virtual reality, which creates immersive, computer-generated environments, and the real world, augmented reality is closer to the real world. Augmented reality (AR) is a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computergenerated sensory input. As fascinating as this definition may sound, we going strong and he gets out. You are wondering how much he managed to score because you cant keep count of every run he accumulates. As Sachin walks back to the pavilion, you wonder how much he did score, and the little wide banner that always used to appear until yesterday as any batsman gets out is, somehow, missing today. The little strip at the bottom and the little wide banner constitute AR. Augmented reality is changing the way we view the world -- or at least the way its users see the world. Picture yourself walking or driving down the street. With augmented-reality displays, which will eventually look much like a normal pair of glasses, informative graphics
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have always been surrounded by AR and it is already an integral part of our lifestyle. To elaborate, consider a cricket match being played in Mumbai, and you are watching it on TV in Delhi. Somehow, the little strip that always appears at the bottom of the screen that tells the viewer about the score of the batting team and the number of overs still left in the game is not there today. Sachin is
Augmented Reality
will appear in your field of view, and audio will coincide with whatever you see. These enhancements will be refreshed continually to reflect the movements of your head. This is exactly what Googles Project Glass aims to do. MIT has been working on a Project called MIThril. MIThril is a functional, operational body-worn computing architecture for context-aware human computer interaction research and general-purpose wearable computing applications. The MIThril team is constructing a new kind of computing environment and developing prototype applications for health, communications, and just-intime information delivery. The future of AR looks really amazing!
Sources Compiled by : Aayush Goel ented-reality.htm
http://www.howstuffworks.com/augm
between the seven qualified teams. There was a tough competition among participating teams. All performed so well that finally a tie-breaker was required!. This event was also sponsored by IBM, so winners had exciting prizes from IBM as well.
If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it? ~Albert Einstein
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Fun Section:
CSE guy 1: Man, I'm so tired of the way developers are making their new applications! Why do they assume everyone has a touch screen device? There's nothing special about touch screen devices! CSE guy 2: Well, you've got to move with the times, I guess... Even keyboards must have been a novelty at some time, and I can imagine people protesting the same way as you are doing now, because they prefer to connect wires together to talk to the system! CSE guy 1: Yup! THAT is awesome! CSE guy 2: <Facepalm>
Contributed by : Mihir Mehta
We...
Who pays the price for the crown they wear? The security they need from people's fear. It's me, It's you ! For the power they flaunt and the authority they claim, who pays the tax in the country's name ? It's me, it's you ! Who lost the jobs in another recession? While they teach us economy, who dies of starvation ? It's me, it's you ! They have command on justice, but can't hear our cries. To keep economy alive, who has to die ? It's me, it's you ! we , they come to, for the revolution they need. but who enjoys the freedom, of our deed ? It's not me, it's not you !
B R O U G H T OU T B Y A C M STUDENT CHAPTER
SponsorM. ACM Student Chapter Sponsor M. Balakrishnan
Newsletter Team inMagazine in-charge: Aditi Kapoor (aditi@cse.iitd.ernet.in) Assisted by ACM chapter members Chair - Savin Goyal Swati Verma Pulkit Yadav Aayush Goel (Photos in above order left to right)
ACROSS 6. Name the O() sorting algorithm. 7. A futuristic motion sensing input device developed by Microsoft. 9. A functional, operational body-worn computing architecture for contextaware human-computer interaction (Hint : LOTR Trilogy). 11. The element used for making most IC chips. 13. A photo-sharing application that was recently acquired by Facebook. 14. Which was the first Indian company to be listed on the NYSE ? 15. Name of Yahoo!'s translation utility.