Portable Radios

contact

control Detailed Service Manual

Professional Radio

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SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION READ THIS INFORMATION BEFORE USING YOUR TWO-WAY RADIO The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety information contained in user guides published prior to July 2000. For information regarding radio use and hazardous atmosphere please refer to the Factory Mutual (FM) Approval Manual Supplement or Instruction Card, which is included with radio models that offer this capability. RF Operational Characteristics Your radio contains a transmitter and a receiver. When it is ON, it receives and transmits radio frequency (RF) energy. Exposure To Radio Frequency Energy Your Motorola Two-Way Radio, is designed to comply with the following National and International Standards and Guidelines regarding exposure of human beings to radio frequency electromagnetic energy (EME): United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations (47 CFR part 2 sub-part J). American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) (C95.1 - 1992) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) (C95.1-1999 Edition) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) of the United States (Report 86, 1986) International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP - 1998) National Radiological Protection Board of the United Kingdom (1995) Ministry of Health (Canada) Safety Code 6. Limits of Human Exposure to Radio frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz (1999) Australian Communications Authority Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Exposure) Standard (1999) (applicable to wireless phones only)

PORTABLE RADIO OPERATION AND EME EXPOSURE

To assure optimal radio performance and make sure human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy is within the guidelines set forth in the above standards, always adhere to the following procedures: Antenna Care Use only the supplied or an approved replacement antenna. Unauthorized antennas, modifications, or attachments could damage the radio and may violate FCC regulations. DO NOT hold the antenna when the two-way radio is IN USE. Holding the antenna affects call quality and may cause the radio to operate at a higher power level than needed. Two-Way Radio Operation When using your radio as a traditional two-way radio, hold the radio in a vertical position with the microphone one to two inches (2.5 to 5 cm) away from the lips.

MAN WITH RADIO

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Body-Worn Operation To maintain compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines, if you wear a radio on your body when transmitting, always place the radio in a Motorola supplied or approved clip, holder, holster, case, or body harness. Use of non-Motorola-approved accessories may exceed FCC RF exposure guidelines. If you do not use a body-worn accessory, ensure the antenna is at least one inch (2.5 cm) from your body when transmitting. Data Operation When using any data feature of the radio, with or without an accessory cable, position the antenna of the radio at least one inch (2.5 cm) from the body.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY
Note: Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if inadequately shielded, designed or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility. FACILITIES To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, turn off your radio in any facility where posted notices instruct you to do so. Hospitals or health care facilities may be using equipment that is sensitive to external RF energy. AIRCRAFT

When instructed to do so, turn off your radio when on board an aircraft. Any use of a radio must be in accordance with applicable regulations per airline crew instructions. MEDICAL DEVICES Pacemakers The Health Industry Manufacturers Association recommends that a minimum separation of 6 inches (15 cm) be maintained between a handheld wireless radio and a pacemaker. These recommendations are consistent with the independent research by, and recommendations of, Wireless Technology Research. Persons with pacemakers should:

ALWAYS keep the radio more than six inches (15 cm) from their pacemaker when the radio is turned ON. not carry the radio in the breast pocket. use the ear opposite the pacemaker to minimize the potential for interference. turn the radio OFF immediately if you have any reason to suspect that interference is taking place.

Hearing Aids Some digital wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such interference, you may want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives. Other Medical Devices If you use any other personal medical device, consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if it is adequately shielded from RF energy. Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this information.

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SAFETY AND GENERAL

Use While Driving Check the laws and regulations on the use of radios in the area where you drive. Always obey them When using your radio while driving, please: Give full attention to driving and to the road. Use hands-free operation, if available. Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions so require.

OPERATIONAL WARNINGS
FOR VEHICLES WITH AN AIR BAG

!
WARNING

Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag deployment area. Air bags inflate with great force. If a portable radio is placed in the air bag deployment area and the air bag inflates, the radio may be propelled with great force and cause serious injury to occupants of the vehicle. POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

Turn off your radio prior to entering any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, unless it is a radio type especially qualified for use in such areas as Intrinsically Safe (for example, Factory Mutual, CSA, or UL Approved). Do not remove, install, or charge batteries in such areas. Sparks in a potentially explosive atmosphere can cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death. Note: The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fueling areas such as below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities, areas where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders, and any other area where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Areas with potentially explosive atmospheres are often but not always posted.

BLASTING CAPS AND AREAS

To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off your radio when you are near electrical blasting caps, in a blasting area, or in areas posted: Turn off two-way radio. Obey all signs and instructions.

OPERATIONAL CAUTIONS
ANTENNAS

!
Caution

Do not use any portable radio that has a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna comes into contact with your skin, a minor burn can result. BATTERIES

All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive material such as jewelry, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside a pocket, purse, or other container with metal objects.

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Intrinsically Safe Radio Information FMRC Approved Equipment

Anyone intending to use a radio in a location where hazardous concentrations of flammable material exist (hazardous atmosphere) is advised to become familiar with the subject of intrinsic safety and with the National Electric Code NFPA 70 (National Fire Protection Association) Article 500 (hazardous [classified] locations). An Approval Guide, issued by Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), lists manufacturers and the products approved by FMRC for use in such locations. FMRC has also issued a voluntary approval standard for repair service (Class Number 3605). FMRC Approval labels are attached to the radio to identify the unit as being FM Approved for specified hazardous atmospheres. This label specifies the hazardous Class/Division/Group along with the part number of the battery that must be used. Depending on the design of the portable unit, this FM label can be found on the back of the radio housing or the bottom of the radio housing.Their Approval mark is shown below.
FM
APPROVED

WARNING: Do not operate radio communications equipment in a hazardous atmosphere unless it is a type especially qualified (e.g. FMRC Approved) for such use. An explosion or fire may result. WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product in a hazardous atmosphere if it has been physically damaged (e.g. cracked housing). An explosion or fire may result. WARNING: Do not replace or charge batteries in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact sparking may occur while installing or removing batteries and cause an explosion or fire. WARNING: Do not replace or change accessories in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact sparking may occur while installing or removing accessories and cause an explosion or fire. WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product unit in a hazardous location with the accessory contacts exposed. Keep the connector cover in place when accessories are not used. WARNING: Turn radio off before removing or installing a battery or accessory. WARNING: Do not disassemble the FMRC Approved Product unit in any way that exposes the internal electrical circuits of the unit. Radios must ship from the Motorola manufacturing facility with the hazardous atmosphere capability and FM Approval labeling. Radios will not be upgraded to this capability and labeled in the field. A modification changes the units hardware from its original design configuration. Modifications can only be done by the original product manufacturer at one of its FMRC audited manufacturing facilities. WARNING: Failure to use an FMRC Approved Product unit with an FMRC Approved battery or FMRC Approved accessories specifically approved for that product may result in the dangerously unsafe condition of an unapproved radio combination being used in a hazardous location. Unauthorized or incorrect modification of an FMRC Approved Product unit will negate the Approval rating of the product.

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Repair of FMRC Approved Products

REPAIRS FOR MOTOROLA FMRC APPROVED PRODUCTS ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER. You should not repair or relabel any Motorola manufactured communication equipment bearing the FMRC Approval label (FMRC Approved Product) unless you are familiar with the current FMRC Approval standard for repairs and service (Class Number 3605). You may want to consider using a repair facility that operates under 3605 repair service approval. WARNING: Incorrect repair or relabeling of any FMRC Approved Product unit could adversely affect the Approval rating of the unit. WARNING: Use of a radio that is not intrinsically safe in a hazardous atmosphere could result in serious injury or death. FMRCs Approval Standard Class Number 3605 is subject to change at any time without notice to you, so you may want to obtain a current copy of 3605 from FMRC. Per the December, 1994 publication of 3605, some key definitions and service requirements are as follows:

Repair
A repair constitutes something done internally to the unit that would bring it back to its original condition Approved by FMRC. A repair should be done in an FMRC Approved facility. Items not considered as repairs are those in which an action is performed on a unit which does not require the outer casing of the unit to be opened in a manner which exposes the internal electrical circuits of the unit. You do not have to be an FMRC Approved Repair Facility to perform these actions.

Relabeling
The repair facility shall have a method by which the replacement of FMRC Approval labels are controlled to ensure that any relabeling is limited to units that were originally shipped from the Manufacturer with an FM Approval label in place. FMRC Approval labels shall not be stocked by the repair facility. An FMRC Approval label shall be ordered from the original manufacturer as needed to repair a specific unit. Replacement labels may be obtained and applied by the repair facility providing satisfactory evidence that the unit being relabeled was originally an FMRC Approved unit. Verification may include, but is not limited to: a unit with a damaged Approval label, a unit with a defective housing displaying an Approval label, or a customer invoice indicating the serial number of the unit and purchase of an FMRC Approved model.

Do Not Substitute Options or Accessories

The Motorola communications equipment certified by Factory Mutual is tested as a system and consists of the FM Approved portable, FM Approved battery, and FM Approved accessories or options, or both. This Approved portable and battery combination must be strictly observed. There must be no substitution of items, even if the substitute has been previously Approved with a different Motorola communications equipment unit. Approved configurations are listed in the FM Approval guide published by FMRC, or in the product FM Supplement. This FM Supplement is shipped with FM Approved radio and battery combination from the manufacturer. The Approval guide, or the Approval standard Class Number 3605 document for repairs and service, can be ordered directly through Factory Mutual Research Corporation located in Norwood, Massachusetts.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1
1.1 1.2

Introduction

Scope of Manual ........................................................................................................... 1-1 Warranty and Service Support..................................................................................... 1-1

1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 Warranty Period................................................................................................................... 1-1 Return Instructions .............................................................................................................. 1-1 After Warranty Period .......................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Related Documents ...................................................................................................... 1-2 Technical Support......................................................................................................... 1-2

1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability ........................................................................................................ 1-2

Radio Model Chart and Specifications........................................................................ 1-3 Radio Model Information .............................................................................................. 1-3

Chapter 2
2.1 2.2

Theory of Operation

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2-1 Radio Power Distribution ............................................................................................. 2-1 Figure 2-1:DC Power Distribution Block Diagram ............................................................. 2-1 2.3 Keypad ........................................................................................................................... 2-2 Figure 2-2:Keypad Block Diagram .................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Controller Board ........................................................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-3:Controller Block Diagram................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.1 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.1 2.4.1 MCU Digital ......................................................................................................................... 2-3 Real Time Clock .................................................................................................................. 2-4 Circuit Description ............................................................................................................... 2-4 MODB/VSTBY Supply ......................................................................................................... 2-4 Audio/Signaling.................................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2-4:RTC Circuit ...................................................................................................... 2-4 2.5 UHF Transmitter ............................................................................................................ 2-5 Figure 2-5:UHF Transmitter Block Diagram...................................................................... 2-5
2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 Power Amplifier (PA) ........................................................................................................... 2-5 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................... 2-6 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................... 2-6 Antenna Matching Network ................................................................................................. 2-6 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC) ............................................................................. 2-6 Temperature Cut Back Circuit ............................................................................................. 2-6

2.6

UHF Receiver................................................................................................................. 2-6 Figure 2-6:UHF Receiver Block Diagram.......................................................................... 2-7

2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3 2.6.4 Receiver Front-End ............................................................................................................. 2-7 Receiver Back-End.............................................................................................................. 2-8 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) ............................................................................................ 2-8 Frequency Generation Circuit.............................................................................................. 2-9

Figure 2-7:UHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram............................................. 2-9 Synthesizer .................................................................................................................... 2-9 Figure 2-8:UHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................... 2-10 2.8 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)............................................................................... 2-10 Figure 2-9:UHF VCO Block Diagram .............................................................................. 2-11 2.7

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2.9

VHF Transmitter .......................................................................................................... 2-12 Figure 2-10:VHF Transmitter Block Diagram.................................................................. 2-12
2.9.1 2.9.2 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.9.5 Power Amplifier.................................................................................................................. 2-12 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-12 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-13 Antenna Matching Network................................................................................................ 2-13 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)............................................................................ 2-13

2.10 VHF Receiver............................................................................................................... 2-13 Figure 2-11:VHF Receiver Block Diagram...................................................................... 2-14
2.10.1 2.10.2 2.10.3 2.10.4 Receiver Front-End............................................................................................................ 2-14 Receiver Back-End ............................................................................................................ 2-15 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) .......................................................................................... 2-15 Frequency Generation Circuit............................................................................................ 2-16

Figure 2-12:VHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram......................................... 2-16 2.11 Synthesizer.................................................................................................................. 2-16 Figure 2-13:VHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................. 2-17 2.12 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) .............................................................................. 2-17 Figure 2-14:VHF VCO Block Diagram ............................................................................ 2-18 2.13 Low Band Transmitter ................................................................................................ 2-19 Figure 2-15:Low Band Transmitter Block Diagram ......................................................... 2-19
2.13.1 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.13.4 2.13.5 2.13.6 2.13.7 Power Amplifier (PA) ......................................................................................................... 2-19 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-19 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-20 Antenna Matching Transformer ......................................................................................... 2-20 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)............................................................................ 2-20 Temperature Cut Back Circuit ........................................................................................... 2-20 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection Circuit............................................................... 2-20

2.14 Low Band Receiver..................................................................................................... 2-20 Figure 2-16:Low Band Receiver Block Diagram ............................................................. 2-21
2.14.1 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 Receiver Front-End............................................................................................................ 2-21 Receiver Back-End ............................................................................................................ 2-22 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) .......................................................................................... 2-22 Frequency Generation Circuit............................................................................................ 2-22

Figure 2-17:Low Band Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram ................................ 2-23 2.15 Synthesizer.................................................................................................................. 2-23 Figure 2-18:Low Band Synthesizer Block Diagram ........................................................ 2-24 2.16 Voltage Control Oscillators (VCO) ............................................................................ 2-24
2.16.1 2.16.2 2.16.3 2.16.4 2.16.5 Receive VCO ..................................................................................................................... 2-24 Transmit VCO .................................................................................................................... 2-24 Buffer ................................................................................................................................. 2-24 Diplexer/Output Filters ....................................................................................................... 2-24 Prescalar Feedback........................................................................................................... 2-25

2.17 800 MHz Transmitter................................................................................................... 2-25 Figure 2-19:800 MHz Transmitter Block Diagram........................................................... 2-25
2.17.1 2.17.2 2.17.3 2.17.4 Power Amplifier.................................................................................................................. 2-25 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-26 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-26 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)............................................................................ 2-26

2.18 800 MHz Receiver ....................................................................................................... 2-27 Figure 2-20:800MHz Receiver Block Diagram ............................................................... 2-27
2.18.1 Receiver Front-End............................................................................................................ 2-27 2.18.2 Receiver Back-End ............................................................................................................ 2-28

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2.18.3 Automatic Gain Control Circuit .......................................................................................... 2-28 2.18.4 Frequency Generation Circuit............................................................................................ 2-29

Figure 2-21:800 MHz Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram.................................. 2-29 2.19 Synthesizer .................................................................................................................. 2-30 Figure 2-22:800 MHz Synthesizer Block Diagram .......................................................... 2-30
2.19.1 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)....................................................................................... 2-31

Figure 2-23:800 MHz VCO Block Diagram ..................................................................... 2-31 2.20 Trunked Radio Systems ............................................................................................. 2-32
2.20.1 2.20.2 2.20.3 2.20.4 Privacy Plus Trunked Systems.......................................................................................... 2-32 LTR Trunked Systems ................................................................................................... 2-32 MPT Trunked Systems ...................................................................................................... 2-32 PassPort Trunked Systems ........................................................................................... 2-33

2.21 900 MHz Transmitter ................................................................................................... 2-34 Figure 2-24:Transmitter Block Diagram .......................................................................... 2-34
2.21.1 2.21.2 2.21.3 2.21.4 Power Amplifier ................................................................................................................. 2-35 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-35 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-35 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC) ........................................................................... 2-35

2.22 900 MHz Receiver........................................................................................................ 2-36 Figure 2-25:900 MHz Receiver Block Diagram............................................................... 2-36
2.22.1 2.22.2 2.22.3 2.22.4 Receiver Front-End ........................................................................................................... 2-36 Receiver Back-End............................................................................................................ 2-37 Hear Clear IC..................................................................................................................... 2-37 Automatic Gain Control Circuit .......................................................................................... 2-38

2.23 Frequency Generation Circuitry ................................................................................ 2-39 Figure 2-26:Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram ................................................. 2-39 2.24 900 MHz Synthesizer .................................................................................................. 2-40 Figure 2-27:Synthesizer Block Diagram.......................................................................... 2-40 2.25 900 MHz Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) ............................................................... 2-41 Figure 2-28:VCO Block Diagram..................................................................................... 2-41

Chapter 3
3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

Maintenance

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3-1 Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3.1 Cleaning .............................................................................................................................. 3-1

Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS........................................................................... 3-2 General Repair Procedures and Techniques ............................................................. 3-2 Recommended Test Tools ........................................................................................... 3-4 Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse ............................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-1:UHF/VHF/Low Band/800MHz/900MHz Circuit Board Fuse Locations ............ 3-6 3.2 Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board............................................................ 3-7 Figure 3-2:Circuit Board Removal and Reinstallation ....................................................... 3-7 3.3 Power Up Self-Test Error Codes.................................................................................. 3-7 3.4 UHF Troubleshooting Charts ....................................................................................... 3-9
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller........................................................................................ 3-9 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-10 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................ 3-11 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-12 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer .................................................................................. 3-13 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO ............................................................................................. 3-14

3.5

VHF Troubleshooting Charts ..................................................................................... 3-15

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller ...................................................................................... 3-15 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-16 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................ 3-17 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-18 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer................................................................................... 3-19 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO.............................................................................................. 3-20

3.6

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts ........................................................................... 3-21

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller ...................................................................................... 3-21 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-22 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................ 3-23 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-24 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer................................................................................... 3-25 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO.............................................................................................. 3-26

3.7

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts.............................................................................. 3-27

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller ...................................................................................... 3-27 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-28 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................ 3-29 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-30 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer................................................................................... 3-31 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO.............................................................................................. 3-32

3.8 PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart .............................................................. 3-33 3.9 Keypad Troubleshooting Chart ................................................................................. 3-34 3.10 900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts.............................................................................. 3-35
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 1 of 2) ............................................................... 3-35 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 2 of 2) ............................................................... 3-36 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-37 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................ 3-38 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-39 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer................................................................................... 3-40 Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO.............................................................................................. 3-40

Chapter 4
4.1 4.2
4.1.1

Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists

Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards...................................................................... 4-1

Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4-1 Flex Layout .................................................................................................................... 4-2 Figure 4-1:Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex ............................................................... 4-2
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic ................................................................. 4-3 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Parts List ................................................................... 4-3 Universal Flex Connector ................................................................................................... 4-4 Universal Connector Flex Schematic................................................................................... 4-5 Universal Flex Connector Parts List .................................................................................... 4-5 Keypad Top and Bottom Overlays....................................................................................... 4-6

Figure 4-2:Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic Diagram............................... 4-3 Figure 4-3:Universal Flex Connector ................................................................................ 4-4 Figure 4-4:Universal Flex Connector Schematic Diagram................................................ 4-5 Figure 4-5:Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays ........................................................ 4-6 Figure 4-6:Keypad Board (5000 and 7000 Series) Schematic Diagram.......................... 4-7 Figure 4-7:9000 Series Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays................................... 4-9 Figure 4-8:9000 Series Keypad Board Schematic Diagram ........................................... 4-10

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Figure 4-9:VHF/UHF Complete Controller Schematic Diagram...................................... Figure 4-10:VHF/UHF Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF Schematic Diagram ......................... Figure 4-11: VHF/UHF Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF Schematic Diagram ........................ Figure 4-12:VHF/UHF Controller Micro Processor Schematic Diagram ......................... Figure 4-13:VHF/UHF Controller Micro Processor Schematic Diagram ......................... Figure 4-14:Controller Memory Schematic Diagram....................................................... Figure 4-15:Controller Audio Power Amplifier Schematic Diagram ................................ Figure 4-16:Controller Interface Schematic Diagram...................................................... Figure 4-17:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8480450Z03............................................................................................................ Figure 4-18:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8480450Z03............................................................................................................ Figure 4-19:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8480450Z13............................................................................................................ Figure 4-20:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8480450Z13............................................................................................................ Figure 4-21:UHF (403-470MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ Figure 4-22:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-23:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-24:UHF (403-470MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. Figure 4-25:UHF (403-470MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...... Figure 4-26:UHF (403-470MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram.................................. Figure 4-27:UHF (403-470MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... Figure 4-28:UHF (403-470MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB................. Figure 4-29:UHF (403-470MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ Figure 4-30:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-31:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-32:UHF (403-470MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. Figure 4-33:UHF (403-470MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...... Figure 4-34:UHF (403-470MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram.................................. Figure 4-35:UHF (450-527MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8485641Z02............................................................................................................ Figure 4-36:UHF (450-527MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8485641Z02............................................................................................................ Figure 4-37:UHF (450-527MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8485641Z06............................................................................................................ Figure 4-38:UHF (450-527MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8485641Z06............................................................................................................ Figure 4-39:UHF (450-527MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ Figure 4-40:UHF (450-527MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-41:UHF (450-527MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-42:UHF (450-527MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. Figure 4-43:UHF (450-527MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...... Figure 4-44:UHF (450-527MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram.................................. Figure 4-45:UHF (450-527MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... Figure 4-46:UHF (450-527MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB................. Figure 4-47:UHF (450-527MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ Figure 4-48:UHF (450-527MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-49:UHF (450-527MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ..................... Figure 4-50:UHF (450-527MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram .................................

4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-25 4-26 4-27 4-28 4-29 4-30 4-39 4-40 4-41 4-42 4-43 4-44 4-45 4-46 4-51 4-52 4-53 4-54 4-55 4-56 4-57 4-58 4-59 4-60 4-69 4-70 4-71 4-72 4-73 4-74

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Figure 4-51:UHF (450-527MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...... 4-75 Figure 4-52:UHF (450-527MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram.................................. 4-76 Figure 4-53:UHF (450-527MHz) Voice Storage Schematic Diagram ............................. 4-77 Figure 4-54:VHF (136-174MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 8486062B09..................... 4-83 Figure 4-55:VHF (136-174MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8486062B09................ 4-84 Figure 4-56:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ............... 4-85 Figure 4-57:VHF (136-174MHz)Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... 4-86 Figure 4-58:VHF (136-174MHz)Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ...................... 4-87 Figure 4-59:VHF (136-174MHz)Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. 4-88 Figure 4-60:VHF (136-174MHz)Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ....... 4-89 Figure 4-61:VHF (136-174MHz)Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................... 4-90 Figure 4-62:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8486062B12 ........................................................................................................... 4-95 Figure 4-63:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8486062B12 ........................................................................................................... 4-96 Figure 4-64:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB 8486062B16 ........................................................................................................... 4-97 Figure 4-65:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8486062B16 ........................................................................................................... 4-98 Figure 4-66:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ 4-99 Figure 4-67:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-100 Figure 4-68:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-101 Figure 4-69:VHF (136-174MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................... 4-102 Figure 4-70:VHF (136-174MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .... 4-103 Figure 4-71:VHF (136-174MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................ 4-104 Figure 4-72:VHF (136-174MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB .................... 4-113 Figure 4-73:VHF (136-174MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB............... 4-114 Figure 4-74:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............. 4-115 Figure 4-75:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-116 Figure 4-76:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-117 Figure 4-77:VHF (136-174MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................... 4-118 Figure 4-78:VHF (136-174MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .... 4-119 Figure 4-79:VHF (136-174MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................ 4-120 Figure 4-80:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... 4-125 Figure 4-81:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB ................. 4-126 Figure 4-82:Low Band (30-50MHz) Controls and Switches Diagram ........................... 4-127 Figure 4-83:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Overall Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-128 Figure 4-84:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Memory Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-129 Figure 4-85:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller AFSIC Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-130 Figure 4-86:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Microprocessor Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-131 Figure 4-87:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Audio PA Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-132 Figure 4-88:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-133 Figure 4-89:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-134

xiii

Figure 4-90:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Frequency Generation Unit Synthesizer ............................................................................................................ Figure 4-91:Lowband (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Frequency Generation Unit VCO Diagram................................................................................................................ Figure 4-92:Lowband (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram ............... Figure 4-93:800MHz (806-870MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 84860641Z02 ........... Figure 4-94:800MHz (806-870MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 84860641Z02...... Figure 4-95: 800MHz Popular/Preferred (806-870MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 8480641Z03 (Rev B) ............................................................................................ Figure 4-96:800MHz Popular/Preferred (806-870MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8480641Z03 (Rev B) ............................................................................................ Figure 4-97:800MHz Complete Controller .................................................................... Figure 4-98: 800MHz Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF......................................................... Figure 4-99: 800MHz Controller Micro Processor......................................................... Figure 4-100: 800MHz Controller Memory.................................................................... Figure 4-101: 800MHz Controller Audio Power Amplifier ............................................. Figure 4-102: 800MHz Controller Interface................................................................... Figure 4-103:800MHz Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............................. Figure 4-104:800MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................................... Figure 4-105:800MHz Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................................... Figure 4-106:800MHz Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................................... Figure 4-107:800MHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .................... Figure 4-108:800MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram (Rev A) .................................. Figure 4-109:800MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram (Rev B) .................................. Figure 4-110:PassPort Trunking Controller PCB Board Side 1 & 2 .............................. Figure 4-111:PassPort Controller Schematic Diagram ................................................ Figure 4-112:900MHz (896-941MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 8485910Z01 ........... Figure 4-113:900MHz (896-941MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8485910Z01...... Figure 4-114:900MHz Complete Controller .................................................................. Figure 4-115:900MHz Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF........................................................ Figure 4-116:900MHz Controller Microprocessor ......................................................... Figure 4-117:900MHz Controller Memory..................................................................... Figure 4-118:900MHz Controller Audio Power Amplifier .............................................. Figure 4-119:900MHz Controller Interface.................................................................... Figure 4-120:900MHz Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............................. Figure 4-121:900MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................................... Figure 4-122:900MHz Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................................... Figure 4-123:900MHz Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................................... Figure 4-124:900MHz Hear/Clear Schematic Diagram................................................. Figure 4-125:900MHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .................... Figure 4-126:900MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................................

4-135 4-136 4-137 4-141 4-142 4-143 4-144 4-145 4-146 4-147 4-148 4-149 4-150 4-151 4-152 4-153 4-154 4-155 4-156 4-157 4-161 4-162 4-163 4-164 4-165 4-166 4-167 4-168 4-169 4-170 4-171 4-172 4-173 4-174 4-175 4-176 4-177

xiv

1-1

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope of Manual
This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing date. Changes that occur after the printing date are incorporated by a complete manual revision or alternatively, as additions. NOTE Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in the front of this manual.

1.2

Warranty and Service Support

Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes full exchange and/or repair of the product during the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty. Any return for exchange or return for repair by an authorized Motorola dealer must be accompanied by a warranty claim form. Warranty claim forms are obtained by contacting customer service.

1.2.1 Warranty Period

The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola dealer or distributor or reseller contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for guidance purposes only.

1.2.2 Return Instructions

In instances where the product is covered under a return for replacement or return for repair warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola. This is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to damage outside the terms of the warranty. Prior to shipping any radio back to a Motorola warranty depot, please contact the appropriate customer service for instructions. All returns must be accompanied by a warranty claim form, available from your customer services representative. Products should be shipped back in the original packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no damage occurs in transit.

1.2.3 After Warranty Period

After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways: First, Motorola's Accessories and Aftermarket Division (ADD) offers a repair service to both end users and dealers at competitive prices. Second, Motorolas service department supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased by dealers who are technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.

1-2

Related Documents

1.3

Related Documents
The following documents are directly related to the use and maintainability of this product. Table 1-1
Title Part Number

Professional Radio Portable Level 1&2 Basic Service Manual- English Professional Radio Portable Level 1&2 Basic Service Manual- Spanish Professional Radio Portable Level 1&2 Basic Service Manual- Portuguese Professional Radio Portable Service Manual Level 3 -English Professional Radio Portable Service Manual Level 3 -Spanish Professional Radio Portable Service Manual Level 3 -Portuguese

68P81088C45 68P81088C47 68P81088C49 68P81088C46 68P81088C48 68P81088C50

1.4

Technical Support
Technical support is available to assist the dealer/distributor and self-maintained customers in resolving any malfunction which may be encountered. Initial contact should be by telephone to customer resources wherever possible. When contacting Motorola technical support, be prepared to provide the product model number and the units serial number. The contact locations and telephone numbers are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the Related Documents paragraph of this chapter.

1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability

Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, and it is not identified as Depot ONLY, the part is available from Motorola Accessories and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by a Motorola depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally means that no user-serviceable parts are available for that kit or assembly.

Radio Model Chart and Specifications

1-3

Parts Order Entry 7:00 A. M. to 7:00 P. M. (Central Standard Time) Monday through Friday (Chicago, U. S. A.) To Order Parts in the United States of America: 1-800-422-4210, or 847-538-8023 1-800-826-1913, or 410-712-6200 (U. S. Federal Government) TELEX: 280127 FAX: 1-847-538-8198 FAX: 1-410-712-4991 (U. S. Federal Government) (U. S. A.) after hours or weekends: 1-800-925-4357

To Order Parts in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1-847-538-8023 Motorola Parts Accessories and Aftermarket Division (United States and Canada) Attention: Order Processing 1313 E. Algonquian Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 Accessories and Aftermarket Division Attention: Latin America and Caribbean Order Processing 1313 E. Algonquian Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 Parts Identification 1-847-538-0021 (Voice) 1-847-538-8194 (FAX)

1.5

Radio Model Chart and Specifications

The radio model charts and specifications are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the Related Documents paragraph of this chapter.

1.6

Radio Model Information

The model number and serial number are located on a label attached to the back of your radio. You can determine the RF output power, frequency band, protocols, and physical packages from these numbers. The example below shows one portable radio model number and its specific characteristics

1-4

Radio Model Information

. Table 1-2 Radio Model Number Example: AAH25KC9AA2 and LAH25KDC9AA3

Type of Unit AA or LA Model Series Freq. Band Power Level Physical Packages Channel Spacing Protocol Feature Level Model Revision Model Package

25

K
VHF (136174MHz)

C
2.5W

C
No Display

9
Programmable

AA
Conventional

2
2F for AA 4F for LA

AA or LA = Motorola Internal Use

H = Portable

R
UHF1 (403470MHz)

D
4-5W

D
Keypad

6
25 kHz

DU
LTR

3
16F

S
UHF2 (450527MHz)

E
6W

H
1-Line Display

CK
MPT

5
256F LTR for AA only

B
Low Band, R1 (29.742.0MHz) C Low Band, R2 (35.050.0MHz) U 800MHz (806-824) (851869MHz)

N
4-Line Display

GB
Privacy Plus

6
128F 256F LTR

GE
Privacy Plus Roaming

8
160F

DP
PassPort

FC
Smart Zone

2-1

Chapter 2 Theory of Operation

2.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the radio components. Schematic diagrams for the circuits described in the following paragraphs are located in Figures 4-1 through 4-120.

2.2

Radio Power Distribution

A block diagram of the DC power distribution throughout the radio board is shown in Figure 2-1. A 7.5V battery supplies the basic radio power (UNSWB) directly to the electronic on/off control, audio power amplifier, 3.5V regulator, power amplifier automatic level control (ALC), and low battery detect circuit. When the radio on/off/volume control is turned on, the switched SWB+ is applied to the various radio power regulators, antenna switch, accessories 20-pin connector, keypad/option board, and transmit LED. The Vdda signal from the 3.3V Vdda regulator supplies the microprocessor with operating power. The Vdd regulator scheme is listed by band in Table 2-1. Data is then sent to the controller ASFIC to turn on a DAC which takes over the momentary-on path within 12ms. The SWB+ signal supplies power until the radio is turned off. Jumpers for configuring the Vdda and Vddd regulators are shown in Figure 2-1 and described in Table 2-2. The radio turns off when either of the two following conditions occur: Radio on/off/volume control is turned off. Low battery condition is detected.

If a low battery level is detected by the microprocessor through either of the above conditions, the radio personality data is stored to EEPROM prior to turning off.
Accessories 20 pin Connector Keypad/Option Board Prime Expansion Board Audio Power Amplifier Int/Ext Vdd Vdda Switching Regulator

4.0V/3.3V Vdda Regulator

UNSWB+ 7.5V Battery SWB+ Fuse Control On/Off Switch Low Battery Detect Antenna Switch

Vddd Regulator Tx Led

Vdda

MECH. SWB+ 3.5V Reg.

MCU, ROM and EEPROM

LCD Driver

ASFIC_CMP

FRACTN VCOBIC

LVZIF

5V Regulator 5V RF, AMP, IF AMP Ext. RX. Buffer (NU)

LI Ion

PA, Driver PCIC(ALC)

Figure 2-1: DC Power Distribution Block Diagram

2-2

Table 2-1 VDD Regulator Scheme by Band Vdd Regulator Scheme

Dual Dual Dual Dual Dual

Band
Low Band VHF UHF 800 MHz 900 MHz

Table 2-2 Radio Jumpers Dual Vdd Regulator Scheme

Y N N N Y R = Regulator Jumper

Jumpers
R401 R402 R403 R404 R405

Single Vdd Regulator Scheme

Y N Y N N

2.3

Keypad
The keypad block diagram is shown in Figure 2-2. The comparator compares the voltage when any one of the keypad row or keypad column keys is pressed. Pressing a key sends a message to the microprocessor through the output (KEY_INT) line signifying that a key has been pressed. The microprocessor then samples the analog to digital voltages at the keypad row and keypad column, then makes a comparison with a map table to identify the key pressed. Once the key is identified, a corresponding message is displayed. The LED_EN is set by the codeplug. When the value is set to low, the LED lights up during power up. A high codeplug setting disables this feature.

Data Display 18 Pin Connector 40 Pin Connector

Keypad Column Keypad Row Key_Int Keypad Button

LED

Comparator

Figure 2-2: Keypad Block Diagram

2-3

2.4

Controller Board
The controller board is the central interface between the various radio functions. It is separated into MCU digital and audio/signalling functions as shown in Figure 2-3.

To Synthesizer 16.8 / 17.0 MHz Reference Clock from Synthesizer Recovered Audio Squelch

Mod Out

External Microphone Internal Microphone

Audio/Signalling
Audio Power Amplifier/Filter

External Speaker

ASFIC 3.3V Regulator (Vdda)

Internal Speaker

To RF Board

SPI

CLK

SCI to Side Connector

MCU Digital
3.3V Regulator (Vddd)

Microcontroller EEPROM ROM RAM

Figure 2-3: Controller Block Diagram

2.4.1

MCU Digital
The digital portion of the controller consists of a microcontroller and associated EEPROM, RAM, and ROM memories. Combinations of different size RAM and ROM are available to support various application software. RAM supports 8KB and 32KB sizes. ROM supports 128KB, 256KB, and 512KB sizes. Table 2-3 lists the ROM, RAM and EEPROM requirements for different radios.

Table 2-3 Radio Memory Requirements

PROTOCOL FEATURE LEVEL ROM (KB) EXT RAM (KB) EEPROM (KB)

AA,DU AA,DU CK, GB, GE, FC

2 or 3 6 -

128 128 512

32

8 16 16

2-4

2.4.1

Real Time Clock

Radios with displays support a real time clock (RTC) module for purposes of message time stamping and time keeping. The RTC module resides in the microcontroller. The clock uses a back-up lithiumIon battery for operating power when the primary battery is removed.

2.4.2

Circuit Description
The RTC module circuit, shown in Figure 2-4, is powered by the MODB/VSTBY pin and PI6/PI7 from the crystal oscillator circuit. A clock frequency of 38.4kHz from a crystal oscillator provides the reference signal which is divided down to 1Hz in the processor. As the RTC module is powered separately from the processor Vdd, the RTC is kept active through the MODB/VSTBY pin which provides the lithium battery back-up power when the radio is switched off. A MOSFET transistor (Q416) switches in the battery supply when Vdd is removed. Q416 also provides isolation from BOOT_CTRL function. The 3.3V regulator charges the Lithium battery.
UNSWB+

Vddd U410 2 VIN VOUT 3.3V 3 C434

R461

C435

R460

HC11FL0
MODA MODB Q416 PI6 R420 FL401 38.4kHz OUT GND R426 PI7 C437 TP405 TEST_POINT IN R463 BOOT_CTRL C436 1 R462 3 2 2 CR411 5 4 3 R419

LI_ION

Figure 2-4: RTC Circuit

2.4.1

MODB/VSTBY Supply
The supply to the MODB/VSTBY pin varies depending on the conditions listed in Table 2-4. Table 2-4 MODB/VSTBY Supply Modes
Condition Circuit Operation

Radio On Radio Off

Vddd supply voltage via CR411 Vddd turned off Q416 gate pulled low by R462 Q416 switched on U410 supplies 3.2V to MODB_VSTBY Vddd turned off Q416 gate pulled low by R462 Q416 switched on Lithium battery provides 3.2V to MODB_VSTBY

Primary battery removed

1 VSS

2-5

2.4.1

Audio/Signaling
The audio/signalling/filter/companding IC (ASFIC) and the audio power amplifier (Figure 2-3) form the main components of the audio/signalling section of the controller board. Inputs include a 16.8 MHz clock from the synthesizer, recovered audio and squelch, MCU control signals, and external or internal microphones. Outputs include a microprocessor clock (CLK), modulator output to the synthesizer, and amplified audio signals to an internal or external speaker.

2.5

UHF Transmitter
The UHF transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-5. Power amplifier (PA). Antenna switch/harmonic filter. Antenna matching network. Power control integrated circuit (PCIC).

PCIC Vcontrol Power Amplifier (PA) From VCO PA Driver PA Final Stage Antenna Switch/ Harmonic Filter Vcontrol Antenna Matching Network

Figure 2-5: UHF Transmitter Block Diagram

2.5.1

Power Amplifier (PA)

The PA consists of two LDMOS devices: 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U101) PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q110)

The 9Z67 LDMOS driver (U101) provides 2-stage amplification using a supply voltage of 7.3V. The amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (U101pins 6 & 7) with an input signal of 2mW(3dBm) at U101 (pin 16). The current drain is typically 160mA while operating in the frequency range of 403-470MHz. The LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W. The current drain is typically 1300mA while operating in the frequency range of 403-470MHz. The power output can be varied by changing the bias voltage.

2-6

2.5.2

Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C107, L104 and C106), and two current limiting resistors (R101 and R170). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC (U102 pin 23) goes low turning on Q111, which applies a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes on. The shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port and the pi network. This operates as a quarter wave transmission line to transform the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, creating a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

2.5.3

Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of components C104, L102, C103, L101 and C102. The harmonic filter for UHF is a modified Zolotarev design optimized for efficiency of the power module. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.

2.5.4

Antenna Matching Network

The antenna matching network, which is made up of L116, matches the antenna's impedance with the harmonic filter to optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver.

2.5.5

Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses the PCIC (U102) to regulate the power output of the radio. To accomplish this, the current to the final stage of the power module, supplied through R101, provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the automatic level control (ALC) within the PCIC to regulate the output power of the transmitter. The PCIC contains internal digital to analog converters (DACs) that provide a programmable control loop reference voltage. The PCIC internal resistors, integrators, and external capacitors (C133, C134 and C135) control the transmitter rise and fall times to reduce the power splatter into adjacent channels.

2.5.6

Temperature Cut Back Circuit

Diode CR105 and associated components are part of a temperature cutback circuit. This circuit senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and outputs a DC voltage to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold of the PCIC, the transmitter output power decreases to reduce the transmitter temperature.

2.6

UHF Receiver
The UHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block diagram of the receiver is shown in Figure 2-6. Detailed descriptions of these stages are contained in the paragraphs that follow.

2-7

Antenna RFJack

Pin Diode Antenna Switch

Varactor Tuned Filter

RF Amp

Varactor Tuned Filter

Mixer

Crystal Filter

IF Amp

AGC AGC Processing

Control Voltage from ASFIC

First LO from FGU

Recovered Audio Squelch RSSI IF IC Demodulator

Synthesizer

16.8 MHz Reference Clock SPI Bus Second LO VCO

Figure 2-6: UHF Receiver Block Diagram

2.6.1

Receiver Front-End
The RF signal received by the antenna is applied to a low-pass filter. For UHF, the filter consists of components L101, L102, C102, C103, and C104. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch circuit consisting of two pin diodes (CR101 and CR102) and a pi network (C106, L104, and C107). The signal is then applied to a varactor tuned filter bandpass. The UHF bandpass filter consists of components L301, L302, C302, C303, C304, CR301, and CR302. The filter is electronically tuned by DACRx from the ASFIC (U404) which supplies a control voltage to the varactor diodes (CR301 and CR302) in the filter as determined by the microprocessor depending on the carrier frequency. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the bandpass filter across the band. The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q301 via C307. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned bandpass filter, consisting of L306, L307, C313, C317, CR304, and CR305. Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3 dB bandwidth of the filter is approximately 50 MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a single control voltage from DACRx. The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer consisting of components T301, T302, and CR306. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C381. After mixing with the first local oscillator (LO) signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to a 45.1 MHz IF signal.

2-8

The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL301) through a resistor pad and a diplexer (C322 and L310). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by C324 and L311. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.

2.6.2

Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter FL301 is coupled via R351 and C325 to the input of IF amplifier transistor Q302. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receiver 5 volts (R5). The IF amplifier provides a gain of about 7dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U301(pin 3) via C330, C338 and L330 which provides a high-pass T-match for the IF amplifier and U301. The IF signal applied to U301 (pin 3) is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to produce recovered audio at U301(pin 27). This IF IC (U301) is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering, which is dependent on the radio channel spacing, is controlled by the microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is replaced by internal filters in IF IC (U301). The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO frequency is divided by two in U301 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC. In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO searches for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO locks onto the IF signal. The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q320. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR310, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting of components C362, C363, C364, R320, and R321. The IF IC also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor, and used as a peak indicator during the bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit at the front-end. The demodulated signal on U301(pin 27) is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before being supplied to the audio amplifier.

2.6.3

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

The front end automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain for the front end RF amplifier via feedback. This prevents overloading of backend circuits by drawing some of the output power from the RF amplifier output. At high radio frequencies, capacitor C331 provides a low impedance path to ground for this purpose. CR308 is a pin diode used for switching the path on or off. A certain amount of forward biasing current is needed to turn the pin diode on. Transistor Q315 provides this current where, upon saturation, current will flow via R347, PIN Diode, collector and emitter of Q315 and R319 before going to ground. Q315 is an NPN transistor used for switching here. Maximum current flowing through the PIN is mainly limited by the resistor R319. The Radio Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, is used to drive Q315 into saturation, hence turning it on. RSSI is produced by U301 and is proportional to the gain of the amplifier and the input RF signal power to the radio. The resistor network at the input to the base of the Q315 is scaled to turn on Q315, hence activating the AGC at certain RSSI levels. In order to turn on Q315, the voltage across the transistors base to ground must be greater or equal to the voltage across R319, plus the base-emitter voltage (Vbe) present at Q315. The resistor network with thermistor RT300 is capable of providing temperature compensation to the AGC circuit, as RSSI generated by U301 is lower at cold temperatures

2-9

compared to normal operation at room temperature. Resistor R300 and Capacitor C397 form an R-C network used to dampen any transient instability while the AGC is turning on.

2.6.4

Frequency Generation Circuit

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-7, is composed of Fractional-N synthesizer U201 and VCO/Buffer IC U241. Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the schematic to locate reference designators. The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V, which are provided by ICs U247 and U248 respectively. The 5V signal goes to U201(pins 13 and 30) while the 3.3V signal goes to U201(pins 5, 20, 34 and 36). The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered (4.5V) signal to power U241. In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFIC circuits. Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor data, clock, and chip select lines U409 (pins 7, 8 and 9) respectively. A 3.3V dc signal from U201(pin 4) indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked. Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to U201 (pin 10). Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going to the VCO (U241 pin 41).

Voltage Multiplier
VCP Vmult1 Vmult2 Aux3

Dual Transistor
Aux4

TRB

Rx Out

Matching Network

Low Pass Filter

To Mixer

Rx VCO Circuit Loop Filter Tx VCO Circuit

Synthesizer U201

VCOBIC U241
Tx Out

16.8 MHz Ref. Osc. Modulating Signal

Attenuator

MOD Out

To PA Driver

Figure 2-7: UHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram

2.7

Synthesizer
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-8, uses a 16.8MHz crystal (FL201) to provide a reference for the system. The LVFractN IC (U201) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and 2.4MHz for use as reference frequencies. Together with C206, C207, C208, R204 and CR203, they build up the reference oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85C. It also provides 16.8MHz at U201 (pin 19) for use by the ASFIC and LVZIF. The loop filter consists of components C231, C232, C233, R231, R232, and R233. This filter provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spurs passing through.

2-10

To achieve fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at U201 (pin 45) to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by normal mode charge pump at U201 (pin 47). Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier made up of C258, C259, C228, triple diode CR201, and level shifters U210 and U211. Two 3.3V square waves, 180 degrees out of phase, are first shifted to 5V, then along with regulated 5V, put through arrays of diodes and capacitors to build up 13.3V at U201 (pin 47).

DATA (U409 Pin 100) CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CSX (U409 Pin 2) MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) +5V (U247 Pin 4) (U248 Pin 5) Reference Oscillator

7 8 9 10 13,30 5,20,34,36 23 24 25 32 47

DATA CLK CEX MODIN VCC , DC5V VDD , 3.3V XTAL1 XTAL2 WARP PREIN

LOCK FREFOUT GND IOUT IADAPT

4 19 6,22,23,24 43 45 41 3 2 28 40 39

LOCK (U409 Pin 56) FREF (U201 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34)

2-Pole Loop Filter

Steering Line LO RF Injection

U201 Low Voltage MODOUT Fractional-N AUX4 Synthesizer

AUX3 SFOUT BIAS1

Dual Transistors Filtered 5V

Voltage Controlled Oscillator

BIAS2 VCP VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 48 15 14 5V Prescaler In

TX RF Injection (First Stage of PA) Dual Transistors R405

Voltage Multiplier

Figure 2-8: UHF Synthesizer Block Diagram

2.8

Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The VCOB IC (U241), shown in Figure 2-9, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U241 pin 19) determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U241 (pin 12), through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control voltage is received at the VCO. When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can vary between 3.5V and 9.5V. The VCOB IC is operated at 4.54V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q260 and Q261 on the TRB line. The level shifter logic is shown in Table 2-5. In the receive mode, U241 (pin 19) is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U241. The RF signal at U241 (pin 8) is run through a matching network. The resulting LO RF INJECTION signal is applied to the mixer at T302. When PTT is pressed during the transmit condition, five volts is applied to U241 (pin 19). This activates the transmit VCO by enabling the U241 transmit oscillator and buffer. The TX RF INJECTION signal at U241 (pin 10) is injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin 16). Also in

2-11

transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the carrier is received through U201 (pin 41). When a high impedance is applied to U241 (pin 19), the VCO operates in BATTERY SAVER mode. In this mode, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler buffer are turned off.
5V Level Shifter Network TRB_IN Pin 20 Rx-SW Tx-SW (U201 Pin 28) Steer Line Voltage (VCTRL) RX Tank TX Tank RX VCO Circuit TX VCO Circuit Pin 7 Pin 13 TX/RX/BS Switching Network Presc Pin 12 Prescaler Out U201 Pin 32 Pin 19 AUX3 (U201 Pin 2) AUX4 (U201 Pin 3)

Pin 3

Vcc-Superfilter

U241 VCOBIC
LO RF INJECTION RX Pin 8 Pin 14 VCC Buffers Pin 10 TX RF Injection Attenuator Pin 2 Rx-I adjust Pin 1 Pins 9,11,17 Tx-I adjust Rx Active Bias Matching Network Low Pass Filter (U201 Pin 28)

Pin 4 Collector/RF in Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 16 Pin 15 Vsens Circuit Pin 18 Vcc-Logic TX Tx Active Bias TX RX

(U201 Pin 28)

Figure 2-9: UHF VCO Block Diagram

Table 2-5 Level Shifter Logic

Desired Mode AUX 4 AUX 3 TRB

Tx Rx Battery Saver

Low High Low

High (@3.2V) Low Low

High (@4.8V) Low Hi-Z/Float (@2.5V)

2-12

2.9

VHF Transmitter
The VHF transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-10. Power amplifier Antenna switch/harmonic filter Antenna matching network Power control integrated circuit (PCIC)

PCIC Vcontrol Power Amplifier (PA) From VCO PA Driver PA Final Stage Antenna Switch/ Harmonic Filter Vcontrol Antenna Matching Network

Figure 2-10: VHF Transmitter Block Diagram

2.9.1

Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of two devices: 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U3501) PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q3501)

The 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC contains a 2-stage amplifier using a supply voltage of 7.3V. This RF power amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 6 and 7) with an input signal of 2mW (3dBm) (pin16). The current drain is typically around 130mA while operating in the frequency range of 136-174MHz. The PRF1507 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W. The current drain is typically around 1800mA while operating in the frequency range of 136-174MHz. The power output is varied by changing the bias voltage.

2.9.2

Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (D3521 and D3551), a pi network (C3531, L3551, and C3550), and two current limiting resistors (R3572 and R3573). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC (U3502), pin 23 goes low to turn on Q3561 applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes on. The shunt diode (D3551) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, creating a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

2-13

2.9.3

Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of components C3532 to C3536, L3531, and L3532. This network forms a low-pass filter to attenuate harmonic energy of the transmitter to specifications level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.

2.9.4

Antenna Matching Network

A matching network, made up of L3538 and C3537, is used to match the antenna impedance to the harmonic filter. This optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into an antenna.

2.9.5

Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses PCIC, U3502 to control the power output of the radio by maintaining the radio current drain. The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R3519 (0.1 ohms), which provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. The voltage is then fed back to the automatic level control (ALC) within the PCIC to provide loop stability. The PCIC also contains internal digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that provide the reference voltage for the control loop. The voltage level is controlled by the microprocessor through the data line of the PCIC. The resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C3562, C3563, and C3565) control the transmitter rise and fall times. These are necessary to reduce the power splatter into adjacent channels. U3503 and its associated components act as a temperature cut back circuit. This provides the necessary voltage to the PCIC to cut the transmitter power if the radio temperature gets too high.

2.10 VHF Receiver

The VHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block diagram of the VHF receiver is shown in Figure 2-11. Detailed descriptions of these features are contained in the paragraphs that follow.

2-14

Antenna RFJack

Pin Diode Antenna Switch

Varactor Tuned Filter

RF Amp

Varactor Tuned Filter

Mixer

Crystal Filter

AGC

Control Voltage from ASFIC

First LO from FGU

Recovered Audio Squelch RSSI IF IC Demodulator

Synthesizer

16.8 MHz Reference Clock SPI Bus Second LO VCO

Figure 2-11: VHF Receiver Block Diagram

2.10.1

Receiver Front-End
The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter consisting of L3531, L3532, C3532 to C3563. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (D3521 and D3551) and a pi network (C3531, L3551, and C3550). The RF signal is then applied to a varactor tuned bandpass filter which consists of L3301, L3303, C3301 to C3304, and D3301. The filter is tuned by applying a control voltage to the varactor diode (D3301) in the filter. The bandpass filter is electronically tuned by the DACRx from IC 404 which is controlled by the microprocessor. Depending on the carrier frequency, the DACRx supplies the tuning voltage to the varactor diodes in the filter. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the bandpass filter across the band. The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q3302 via C3306. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned bandpass filter, consisting of L3305, L3306, C3311 to C3314, and D3302. Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3dB bandwidth of the filter is about 12MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a single control voltage which is DACRx. The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer which consists of T3301, T3302, and CR3301. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C3317, C3318, and L3308. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using high side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 45.1MHz IF signal.

2-15

The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (Y3200) through a resistor pad (R3321 - R3323) and a diplexer (C3320 and L3309). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by C3200 and L3200. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.

2.10.2

Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter Y3200 is coupled to the input of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 by capacitor C3203. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receiver 5 volts (R5). The controlled gain IF amplifier provides a maximum gain of about 10dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U3220, pin 3 via L3202, C3207, and C3230 which provides impedance matching for the IF amplifier and U3220. The IF signal applied to U3220, pin 3 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, then demodulated to produce the recovered audio at U3220, pin 27. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering, which is dependent on the radio channel spacing, is controlled by the microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is replaced by internal filters in the IF IC (U3220). The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO frequency is divided by two in U3220 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U3220) synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC. In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO searches for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO locks onto the IF signal. The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q3270. The VCO has a varactor diode (D3270) to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting of C3278 to C3280, R3274, and R3275. The IF IC (U3220) also provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor and is used as a peak indicator during the bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in the front-end. The demodulated signal on U3220, pin 27 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.

2.10.3

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

The front end automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain of the front end RF amplifier via feedback. This prevents overloading of backend circuits and is achieved by drawing some of the output power from the RF amplifier output. At high radio frequencies, capacitor C3327 provides the low impedance path to ground for this purpose. Pin diode CR3302 switches the path on or off. A certain amount of forward biasing current is needed to turn the pin diode on. Transistor Q3301 provides this current. Radio signal strength indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, drives Q3301 to saturation i.e. turned on. RSSI is produced by U3220 and is proportional to the gain of the RF amplifier and the input power to the radio. Resistors R3304 and R3305 make up a voltage divider designed to turn on Q3301 at certain RSSI levels. To turn on Q3301, the voltage across R3305 must be greater or equal to the voltage across R3324 plus the emitter-base voltage (Vbe) present at Q3301. Capacitor C3209 dampens any instability while the AGC is turning on. The current flowing into the collector of Q3301, a high current gain NPN transistor, is drawn through the pin diode to turn it on. Maximum current flowing through the

2-16

pin is limited by resistors R3316, R3313, R3306, and R3324. Feedback capacitor C3326 provides some stability to this high gain stage. An additional gain control circuit is formed by Q3201 and associated components. Resistors R3206 and R3207 are voltage dividers designed to turn on Q3201 at a significantly higher RSSI level than the level required to turn on pin diode control transistor Q3301. In order to turn on Q3201, the voltage across R3207 must be greater or equal to the voltage across R3208 plus the emitter-base voltage (Vbe) present at Q3201. As current starts flowing into the collector of Q3201, it reduces the bias voltage at the base of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 and in turn, the gain of the IF amplifier. The gain is then controlled in a range of -30dB to +10dB.

2.10.4

Frequency Generation Circuit

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-12, is composed of two main ICs, the FRACN synthesizer (U3701), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U3801). Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuits. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuit used in the region. Refer to the schematic for the reference designator.

Voltage Multiplier
VCP Vmult1 Vmult2 Aux3

Dual Transistor

TRB

Rx Out

To Mixer

Rx VCO Circuit Loop Filter

Synthesizer U3701

VCOBIC U3801
Tx Out

16.8 MHz Ref. Osc. Modulating Signal

To PA Driver

MOD Out

Tx VCO Circuit

Figure 2-12: VHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which is provided from ICs U3711 and U3201 respectively. The 5V signal is supplied to pins 13 and 30 and the 3.3V signal is applied to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36 of U3701. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered (4.5V) which powers U3801. In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry. Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines (pins 7, 8 and 9) from the microprocessor, U409. A 3.3V dc signal from the synthesizer lock detect line (pin 4) indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked. Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to U3701, pin 10. Internally the audio is digitized by the FRACN and applied to the loop divider to provide low-port modulation. The audio runs through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out at pin 41 to the VCO.

2.11 Synthesizer
The FRACN Synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-13, uses a 16.8MHz crystal (Y3761) to provide a reference for the system. The LVFRACTN IC (U3701) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and 2.4MHz as reference frequencies. Together with C3761, C3762, C3763, R3761, and D3761, they build up the reference oscillator that is capable of 2.5 ppm stability over a temperature range of -30 to 85C. A 16.8MHz signal at U3701, pin 19 is also provided for use by ASFIC and LVZIF.

2-17

The loop filter, which consist of C3721, C3722, R3721, R3722, and R3723, provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur passing through. In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at U3701, pin 45 to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by normal mode charge pump at pin 43. Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier made up of C3701 to C3704 and triple diodes D3701 and D3702. Two 3.3V square waves (180 degrees out of phase) are first multiplied by four and then shifted, along with regulated 5V, to build up 13.5V at U3701, pin 47.

DATA (U409 Pin 100) CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CSX (U409 Pin 2) MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) +5V (U3711 Pin 4) (U3201 Pin 5) Reference Oscillator

7 8 9 10 13,30 5,20,34,36 23 24 25 32 47

DATA CLK CEX MODIN VCC , DC5V VDD , 3.3V XTAL1 XTAL2 WARP PREIN

LOCK FREFOUT GND IOUT IADAPT

4 19 6,22,23,24 43 45 41 3 2 28 40 39

LOCK (U409 Pin 56) FREF (U3220 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34)

2-Pole Loop Filter

Steering Line LO RF Injection

U3701 Low Voltage MODOUT Fractional-N AUX4 Synthesizer

AUX3 SFOUT BIAS1

Filtered 5V

Voltage Controlled Oscillator

BIAS2 VCP VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 48 15 14 5V Prescaler In

TX RF Injection (First Stage of PA) Dual Transistors R405

Voltage Multiplier

Figure 2-13: VHF Synthesizer Block Diagram

2.12 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The VCOB IC (U3801), shown in Figure 2-14, in conjunction with the FRACTN synthesizer (U3701) generates RF in both the receive and transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U3801, pin 19) determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U3801, pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U3701, pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant control voltage is received at the VCO. This voltage is a DC voltage typically between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on frequency. The RF section of the VCOB IC (U3801) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF), while the control section of the VCOBIC and FRACN synthesizer (U3701) is operated at 3.3V. The operation logic is shown in Table 2-6. In the receive mode, U3801, pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U3801. The RF signal at U3801, pin 8 is routed through a matching network. The resulting LO RF INJECTION signal is applied to the mixer at T3302.

2-18

During the transmit condition, when PTT is pressed, 3.2 volts is applied to U3801, pin 19. This activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U3801. The RF signal at U3801, pin 10 is injected into the input of the PA module (U3501, pin16). This RF signal is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the carrier is received through U3701, pin 41. When a high impedance is applied to U3801, pin19, the VCO is operating in battery saver mode. In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler buffer are turned off.

AUX3 (U3701 Pin 2) TRB_IN Pin 20 Rx-SW Tx-SW (U3701 Pin 28) Steer Line Voltage (VCTRL) RX Tank TX Tank RX VCO Circuit TX VCO Circuit Pin 7 Pin 13 TX/RX/BS Switching Network Presc Pin 12 Prescaler Out U3701 Pin 32 Pin 19

Pin 3

Vcc-Superfilter

U3801 VCOBIC
LO RF INJECTION RX Pin 8 Pin 14 VCC Buffers Pin 10 TX RF Injection Attenuator Pin 2 Rx-I adjust Pin 1 Pins 9,11,17 Tx-I adjust Rx Active Bias Matching Network Low Pass Filter (U3701 Pin 28)

Pin 4 Collector/RF in Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 16 Pin 15 Vsens Circuit Pin 18 Vcc-Logic TX Tx Active Bias TX RX

(U3701 Pin 28)

Figure 2-14: VHF VCO Block Diagram

Table 2-6 VCO Control Logic

Desired Mode AUX 4 AUX 3 TRB

Tx Rx Battery Saver

Not Used Not Used Not Used

High (@3.2V) Low Hi-Z/Float (@1.6V)

High (@3.2V) Low Hi-Z/Float (@1.6V)

2-19

2.13 Low Band Transmitter

The low band transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-15. Power amplifier (PA). Antenna switch/harmonic filter. Antenna matching network. Power control integrated circuit (PCIC).

SPI Bus PCIC Vcontrol

Antenna Switch Bias Antenna Matching Network

Gate Bias Power Amplifier (PA)

From VCO

PA Driver

PA Final Stage

Antenna Switch/ Harmonic Filter

Figure 2-15: Low Band Transmitter Block Diagram

2.13.1

Power Amplifier (PA)

The PA consists of two LDMOS devices: PA driver, U101. PA final stage, Q100.

The LDMOS driver (U101) provides 2-stage amplification using a supply voltage of 7.3V. The amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pins 6 and 7) with an input signal of 2mW at (pin16). The current drain is typically 120mA while operating in the frequency range of 29.7 - 50 MHz. The power output of this stage is varied by the power control loop which controls the voltage on pin 1. The LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 8W with an input signal of 0.3W. The current drain is typically 2000 mA while operating in the frequency range of 29.7 - 50 MHz. The final stage gate is bias by a voltage from PCIC, pin 24. This voltage is the output of a programmable DAC inside the PCIC and the output is adjustable with the radio tuner.

2.13.2

Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (D100 and D101), a RF network (C147 and L103), and a DC feed network (L104, C144, and current limiting resistor R101). In the transmit mode, PCIC (U102) pin 32 goes high supplying current via the feed network to bias the diodes on. The shunt diode (D101) shorts out the receiver port and L103 is connected from the RF path to ground. L103 and the input capacitance of the lowpass filter form a parallel resonant circuit, effectively disconnecting the receiver port from the antenna while not loading the transmit path. In the receive mode, pin 32 goes low and the diodes are off. D100 looks like a high impedance effectively

2-20

disconnecting the transmitter from the antenna while L103 and C147 form a series resonant circuit effectively connect the receiver to the antenna.

2.13.3

Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of components C103, C106, C103, C107,C110, C111, C114, C115 and inductors L100, L101, and L102 which are a part of the SH100 assembly. The harmonic filter for lowband is pole zero design. This feature gives greater attenuation in low frequencies where the harmonic energy of the transmitter is the greatest and less attenuation in high frequencies where there is less harmonic energy. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 0.8 dB.

2.13.4

Antenna Matching Transformer

The antenna matching transformer (T100) matches the antenna impedance with the harmonic filter to optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver.

2.13.5

Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses the PCIC (U102) to regulate the power output of the radio. To accomplish this, the voltage across R102 is sensed. This voltage drop is directly proportional to the current drawn in the final stage of the transmitter. This voltage is compared to a programmable reference inside the PCIC and the voltage on PCIC pin 4 adjusted. Pin 4 connects to the PA driver IC (U101) pin 1 via resistor R100 and varies RF output power of the driver. This controls the current drain of the final stage and sets the output power.

2.13.6

Temperature Cut Back Circuit

Temperature sensor VR101 and associated components are part of a temperature cut back circuit. This circuit senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and outputs a DC voltage to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold of the PCIC, the transmitter output power decreases to reduce the transmitter temperature.

2.13.7

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection Circuit

The LDMOS PA device (Q100) is very sensitive to static discharge. To protect the device from ESD, a protection circuit consisting of single high-speed Schottky Diode (D104) is connected from the Antenna Nut (J102) to ground. This diode effectively shorts ESD energy to ground, but looks like an open circuit to normal RF energy. The diode turns on when the voltage at the antenna nut exceeds 150V.

2.14 Low Band Receiver

The low band receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block diagram of the receiver is shown in Figure 2-16. Detailed descriptions of these stages are contained in the paragraphs that follow.

2-21

Antenna RFJack Lowpass Filter Antenna Switch Highpass Filter RF Amp Lowpass Filter Mixer IF Crystal Amp Filter

First LO from FGU

AGC Processing

Recovered Audio Squelch RSSI Demodulator IF IC U303 Synthesizer

17.0 MHz Reference Clock SPI Bus Second LO VCO

Figure 2-16: Low Band Receiver Block Diagram

2.14.1

Receiver Front-End
The RF signal received by the antenna is routed through the transmitter lowpass filter and antenna switch. These circuits are described in the transmitter section.The signal next passes through a highpass filter consisting of L501, L502, C538, C533 and C504. This filter serves to reject below band signals and has a 3 dB corner frequency of 27 MHz. The output of the highpass filter is connected to an RF amp consisting of Q509 and associated biasing components. This is a BJT amplifier powered off 5 volts and has 13 dB of gain. The amplifier drives a lowpass filter consisting of L503, L504 L507, C534, C535, C536, C537 and C515. This filter is a pole zero design that filters off harmonic components from the RF amp. The 3 dB corner of this filter is at 56 MHz. The output of the lowpass filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer consisting of components T501, T502, and D501. After mixing with the first local oscillator up-converted to a 109.65 MHz IF signal. The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL301) through a resistor pad (R507, R508 and R509) and a diplexer (C516 and L508). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by L301, L302, C301 and C302. The 3 pole crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.

2-22

2.14.2

Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter FL301 is connected to the input of IF amplifier transistor U301. Components L303 and C348 and R301 form the termination for the crystal filter and the signal is coupled to one gate of U301 by C303. The IF amplifier is a dual gate MOSFET powered off of the 5 volt supply. The first gate receives the IF signal as indicated previously. The second gate receives a DC voltage from U302 which serves as an AGC control signal. This signal reduces the gain of the IF amplifier to prevent overload of the IF IC, U303. The gain can be varied from a maximum of 13 dB to an attenuation of 55 dB. The output IF signal from U301 is coupled into U303 (pin 3) via C306, R304 and L304 which provides matching for the IF amplifier and U303. The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U303 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to produce recovered audio at pin 27 of U303. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering, which is dependent on the radio channel spacing, is controlled by the microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is replaced by internal filters in IF IC U303. The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO frequency is divided by two in U303 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U303) synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC. In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO searches for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO locks onto the IF signal. The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q301. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR301, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting of components C308, C309, and R310. The IF IC (U303) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit at the back end. The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U303 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.

2.14.3

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain to prevent overloading of backend circuits. This is achieved by lowering the voltage on one gate of U301 which will reduce the drain current in that part and lower its gain. The Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSS I) voltage signal for the IF IC (U303) is used to drive the AGC processing circuitry consisting of R306, R307, R308, R309 C307 and U302. As the received signal gets stronger, the RSSI line will rise. When the RSSI line passes a certain threshold, the voltage at the output of U302 will begin to drop. This voltage is connected to one gate of IF amplifier U301 through resistor R305. As this voltage decreases, it will lower the drain current in U301 and reduce the gain of the stage. This will limit the power incident on the IF IC, U303.

2.14.4

Frequency Generation Circuit

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-17, is composed of Low Voltage Fractional-N synthesizer U205 and discrete RX VCO, TX VCO.and buffers as well other supporting circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the schematic for the reference designators. The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V. The 5 volt signal to the synthesizer as well as the rest of the radio is provided by U204. The 3.3 v signal is provided by U200 in the controller. The

2-23

5V signal goes to pins 13 and 30 while the 3.3V signal goes to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36 of U201. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.3V which powers the VCOs and buffers. In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFIC circuitry. Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines (pins 7, 8 and 9) from the microprocessor, U409. A 3.3V dc signal from pin 4 indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked. Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin10 of U205. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out at pin 41 to the VCO.

Voltage VCP Multiplier

Vmult2 Vmult1

VSF

Switching Network
Aux2 Aux3

Synthesizer U205

Rx VCO Circuit Loop Filter Tx VCO Circuit Buffer Amplifier

To Mixer

17.0 MHz Ref. Osc. Modulating Signal

MOD Out Prescaler Input

To PA Driver

Figure 2-17: Low Band Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram

2.15 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-18, uses a 17.0 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide a reference for the system. Along with being used in the LVFracN, the 17.0 MHz signal is provided at pin 19 of U205 for use by the ASFIC and LVZIF. The LVFractN IC (U205) further divides this by 8 internally to give 2.125 MHz to be used as the reference frequency in the frequency synthesis. While UHF and VHF can use other references, (divide by 7 or divide by 7/8), only the divide by 8 function is valid for lowband. The internal oscillator device in the LVFracN together with C236, C237, C242, R219, CR211and Y201 comprise the reference oscillator. This oscillator is temperature compensated is capable of 2.5 ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85C. There is temperature compensation information that is unique to each crystal contained on Y201 that is programmed into the radio when built. The loop filter consists of components C256, C257, C259, R224, R225 and R228. This circuit provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur passing through. To achieve fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at pin 45 of U205 to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by normal mode charge pump at pin 43. Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier made up of C247, C283, C284, C285, C286, and triple diodes D210 and D211. This circuit provides 13.3V at U205, pin 47.

2-24

DATA (U409 Pin 100) CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CSX (U409 Pin 2) MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) +5V (U204 Pin 4) (U400 Pin 1) Reference Oscillator

7 8 9 10 13,30 5,20,34,36 23 24 25 32 47

DATA CLK CEX MODIN VCC , DC5V VDD , 3.3V XTAL1 XTAL2 WARP PREIN VCP VMULT2 14 VMULT1 15

LOCK FREFOUT GND IOUT IADAPT

4 19

LOCK (U409 Pin 56)

FREF (U303 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34) 6,17,22,29,31,33,44 43 45 41 1 2 Switching Network Filtered 4.3V Voltage Controlled Oscillators 2-Pole Loop Filter Steering Line LO RF Injection

U205 Low Voltage MODOUT Fractional-N AUX2 Synthesizer

AUX3 SFOUT BIAS1 BIAS2

28 40 39

TX RF Injection (First Stage of PA)

Voltage Multiplier

Prescaler In

Figure 2-18: Low Band Synthesizer Block Diagram

2.16 Voltage Control Oscillators (VCO)

2.16.1 Receive VCO
The receive VCO is a Colpitts type design and using two active devices in parallel, Q202 and Q204. The oscillator is powered off of the 4.3 volt super filter supply when the AUX3 line goes low. The oscillator operates from 139 to 152 MHz for range 1 and 145 to 160 MHz for range 2. The frequency is tuned by varactor diodes CR201 and CR202.

2.16.2

Transmit VCO
The transmit VCO is a Hartley type design with active devices Q203. The oscillator is powered off of the 4.3 volt super filter supply when the AUX2 line goes low. The oscillator operates from 29.7 to 42 MHz for Range 1 and 35 to 50 MHz for Range 2. The frequency is tuned by varactor diodes in U203. Note that the values of the inductive tap, L208 and L209, and the capacitor C215 which couples the varactor to the oscillator tank vary between the ranges.

2.16.3

Buffer
Both the receive and transmit VCO are fed to a buffer amplifier Q201. This is a BJT amplifier that boosts the signal levels to +4 dBm and provides reverse isolation to the oscillators. The amplifier is powered off the 4.3 volt super filter supply and the feed network is combined with the transmit filter.

2.16.4

Diplexer/Output Filters
The output of the buffer drives a pair of parallel filters forming a diplexer. One filter is a lowpass filter in the TX pass that passes 29.7 - 50 MHz signals for the transmitter into the power amplifier while

2-25

rejecting the receive LO injection signals at 139 - 160 MHz. This filter is comprised of L204, L211, L212, C230 and C231. The other filter is a highpass filter which passes 139 - 160 MHz signals for the receive LO into the mixer while rejecting the transmit injection signals at 29.7 -50 MHz. This filter is comprised of C228, C229, C235 and L215.

2.16.5

Prescalar Feedback
The prescalar input signal for receive and transmit is tapped off of the outputs of each filter by resistors R234 and R238. This signal is routed to the buffer amplifier consisting of components C287, Q288, R287, R288, and R289. The output of this buffer feeds U205, pin 32. After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, current is transferred in the loop filter and a control voltage is generated at the output of the loop filter to adjust the frequency of the VCO. This voltage is a DC voltage between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on frequency.

2.17 800 MHz Transmitter

The 800MHz transmitter contains four basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-19: Power Amplifier (PA) Antenna Switch Harmonic Filter Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC).

PCIC Vcontrol Power Amplifier (PA) From VCO PA Driver PA Final Stage Antenna Switch/ Harmonic Filter Vcontrol Antenna Jack

Figure 2-19: 800 MHz Transmitter Block Diagram

2.17.1

Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of two devices: 63J66 driver IC (U101) and 85Y73 LDMOS PA (Q101).

The 63J66 driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.5V.

2-26

This RF driver IC is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 13 and 14) with an input signal of 2.5mW (4dBm) (pin16). The current drain would typically be 200mA while operating in the frequency range of 806-870MHz. The 85Y73 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 4.5W with an input signal of 0.3W. The current drain would typically be 1100mA while operating in the frequency range of 806-870MHz. The power out can be varied by changing the biasing voltage and the drive level from the driver IC.

2.17.2

Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C109, L103 and C110), and three current limiting resistors (R101, R102, R103). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC (U102) pin32 will go high, applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes on. The shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, and hence, there exists a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

2.17.3

Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of C104, L102, C105, C106,C107, L101 and C109. It has been optimized for efficiency of the power amplifier. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.

2.17.4

Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U102 to regulate the power output of the radio. The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R104, which provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the Automatic Level Control (ALC) within the PCIC to regulate the output power of the transmitter. The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the control loop. The reference voltage level is programmable through the SPI line of the PCIC. There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C126, C130 and C132) in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the power splatter into adjacent channels. U103 and its associated components are part of the temperature cut back circuitry. It senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and provides a DC voltage to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold in the PCIC, the transmitter output power will be reduced so as to reduce the transmitter temperature.

2-27

2.18 800 MHz Receiver

The receiver functions are shown in Figure 2-20 and are described in the paragraphs that follow.

Antenna

Pin Diode Antenna Switch RFJack

3-Pole Ceramic Block Filter

RF Amp

3-Pole Ceramic Block Filter

Mixer

Crystal Filter

IF Amp

AGC Processing First LO from FGU Recovered Audio Squelch RSSI IF IC Demodulator U351 Synthesizer

16.8 MHz Reference Clock SPI Bus Second LO VCO

Figure 2-20: 800MHz Receiver Block Diagram

2.18.1

Receiver Front-End
The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For 800MHz, the filter consists of L101, L102, C104, C105, C106, C107, C109. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes(CR101 and CR102) and a pi network (C109, L103 and C110).The signal is then applied to a fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL300. The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q302 via C300. The RF amplifier provides a gain of approximately 12 dB. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL301. Both the pre and post-RF amplifier ceramic filters have similar responses. The insertion loss of each filter across the 851-870MHz band is typically 1.8dB. The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer, U301. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 109.65MHz IF signal. The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL350) through a resistive pad and a diplexer (C312 and L306). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by L353,L354, C377, and C378. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.

2-28

2.18.2

Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter FL350 is matched to the input of the dual gate MOSFET IF amplifier transistor U352 by components L355, R359 and C376. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receive 5 volts (R5). AGC voltage is applied to the second gate of U352. The IF amplifier provides a gain of about 11dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U351(pin 3) via L352, R356 and C365 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U351. The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U351 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U351. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U351). The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO frequency is divided by two in U351 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U351) synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC. In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will search for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q350. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR350, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting of R365, C391, and C392. The IF IC (U351) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor, and used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in both the front-end and the IF. The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U351 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.

2.18.3

Automatic Gain Control Circuit

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic gain reduction of both the low noise amplifier in the receiver front end and the IF amplifier in the receiver backend. This action is necessary to prevent overloading of the backend IF IC. The IF automatic gain control circuit provides approximately 50 dB of attenuation range. The signal strength indicator (RSSI) output of the IF IC produces a voltage that is proportional to the RF level at the IF input to the IF IC. This voltage is inverted by U350, R351, R353, R352, R354 and C355 and it determines the RF level at which the backend end AGC is activated as well as the slope of the voltage at the output of U350 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna. The inverted output of U350 is applied to the second gate of the IF amplifier U352 via R355. As the RF signal into the IF IC increases the following occurs: the RSSI voltage increases, the output of inverter U350 decreases, and the voltage applied to the second gate of the FET is reduced thus reducing the gain of the IF amplifier.

The output of inverter U350 is also used to control the receiver front end AGC. The receiver front end automatic gain control circuit provides and additional 20 dB of gain reduction. The output of the receiver backend inverter U350 is fed into the receiver front end AGC inverter U302. The components R317, R314, and C318 determine: the RF level at which the front end AGC is activated, and

2-29

the slope of the voltage at the output of U302 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna.

As the RF into the antenna increases the following occurs: The output voltage of the receiver backend inverter U350 decreases. The voltage at the output of the front end inverter U302 increases. The result is the forward biasing of pin diode CR301.

As the diode becomes more and more forward biased the following occurs: C310 loads the output of the low noise amplifier Q302 thus reducing the gain of the low noise amplifier. R315 and R318 provide a DC path for CR301 and also limit the current through CR301.

The blocking capacitor C317 prevents DC from the AGC stage from appearing at the input of the filter FL301.

2.18.4

Frequency Generation Circuit

The frequency generation circuit is shown in Figure 2-21. The circuit is composed of the two main ICs: Fractional-N synthesizer, U201 VCO/Buffer IC, U250

Voltage Multiplier
VCP Vmult1 Vmult2 Aux3

Dual Transistor
Aux4

TRB

Rx Out

Injection Amplifier

To Mixer

Rx VCO Circuit Loop Filter Tx VCO Circuit

Synthesizer U201

VCOBIC U250
Tx Out

16.8 MHz Ref. Osc. Modulating Signal

MOD Out

Buffer Amplifier

To PA Driver

Figure 2-21: 800 MHz Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the relevant schematics for the reference designators. The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U247 and U248 respectively. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U250. In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry. Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.

2-30

Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin10 of U201. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.

2.19 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N Synthesizer uses a 16.8MHz crystal (FL201) to provide a reference for the system. The LVFractN IC (U201) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and 2.4MHz as reference frequencies. Together with C235, C236, C237, R211 and CR203, they comprise the reference oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85C. It also provides 16.8MHz at pin 19 of U201 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF. Some models are equipped with a packaged 1.5ppm reference oscillator, Y200. On these models components C235, C236, C237, CR203, FL201, and R211 are not placed. Components C238, C239, C241, R212, R213, R214 and Y200 are placed instead. The loop filter which consists of C220, C225, C226, R204, R209 and R210 provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and provides filtering of noise and spurs from U201. In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at pin 45 of U201 to put the synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive multiplier which is made up of D201, D202, C244, C245, C246, C247, R200, R218, C208, C243, R219, and R220. Two 3.3 V square waves (180 degrees out of phase) are applied to R219 and R220. These square waves switch alternate sets of diodes from D201 and D202, which in turn charge C244, C245, C246, and C247 in a bucket brigade fashion. The resulting output voltage that is applied to pin 47 of U201 is typically 12.8V and allows the steering line voltage (VCO control voltage) to reach 11V.

DATA (U409 Pin 100) CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CSX (U409 Pin 2) MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) +5V (U247 Pin 4) (U248 Pin 5) Reference Oscillator

7 8 9 10 13,30 5,20,34,36 23 24 25 32

DATA CLK CEX MODIN VCC , DC5V VDD , 3.3V XTAL1 XTAL2 WARP PREIN

LOCK FREFOUT GND IOUT IADAPT

4 19 6,22,23,24 43 45 41 3 2 28 40 39

LOCK (U409 Pin 56) FREF (U201 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34)

2-Pole Loop Filter

U251 Low Voltage MODOUT Fractional-N AUX4 Synthesizer

AUX3 SFOUT BIAS1

Steering Line 11.0V

LO RF Injection

Dual Transistors Filtered 5V

Voltage Controlled Oscillator

12.8V

47

Voltage Multiplier

BIAS2 VCP VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 48 14 15 3.3Vp-p 5V 3.3Vp-p Prescaler In

TX RF Injection (First Stage of PA) Dual Transistors R405

Figure 2-22: 800 MHz Synthesizer Block Diagram

2-31

2.19.1

Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The voltage controlled oscillator block diagram is shown in Figure 2-23.

5V Level Shifter Network TRB_IN Pin 20 Rx-SW Tx-SW (U201 Pin 28) VSF Steer Line Voltage (VCTRL) RX Tank TX Tank RX VCO Circuit TX VCO Circuit Pin 4 Collector/RF in RX Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 16 Pin 15 Vsens Circuit Pin 18 Vcc-Logic VSF (U201 Pin 28) Pin 2 Rx-I adjust Pin 1 Pins 9,11,17 Tx-I adjust TX Tx Active Bias TX RX Rx Active Bias Pin 7 Pin 13 TX/RX/BS Switching Network Presc Pin 12 Prescaler Out U201 Pin 32 Pin 19 AUX3 (U201 Pin 2) AUX4 (U201 Pin 3)

Pin 3

Vcc-Superfilter

U250 VCOBIC
LO RF INJECTION Pin 8 Pin 14 Pin 10 TX RF Injection Buffer Amplifier Injection Amplifier VSF VCC Buffers (U201 Pin 28)

Figure 2-23: 800 MHz VCO Block Diagram The VCOBIC (U250) in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U250 pin 19) determines which oscillator and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U250 pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the VCO. This voltage is a DC voltage between 2.0V (low frequency) and 11.0V (high frequency) when the PLL is locked on frequency. The VCOBIC(U250) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q200 and Q252 on the TRB line.

2-32

The operation logic is shown in Table 2-7. Table 2-7

Desired Mode Tx Rx Battery Saver AUX 4 Low High Low

Level Shifter Logic

AUX 3 High (@3.2V) Low Low TRB High (@4.8V) Low Hi-Z/Float (@2.5V)

In the receive mode, U250 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 8 is run through an injection amplifier, Q304. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the mixer at U301 (refer to Figure 4-88: 800MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram). During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, five volts is applied to U250 pin 19. This activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 10 is amplified by Q251 and injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin1). This RF signal is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the carrier is received through the U201 pin 41. When a high impedance is applied to U250 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode. In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler buffer are turned off.

2.20 Trunked Radio Systems

Trunked systems allow a large number of users to share a relatively small number of frequencies or repeaters without interfering with each other. The airtime of all the repeaters in a trunked system is pooled, which maximizes the amount of airtime available to any one radio and minimizes channel congestion. A benefit of trunking is that the user is not required to monitor the system before transmitting.

2.20.1

Privacy Plus Trunked Systems

Privacy Plus is a proprietary trunking protocol developed by Motorola which allows a large number of users to share small amounts of frequencies without interfering with each other. The Privacy Plus configuration consists of shared multiple channel repeaters. The Privacy Plus Trunked system includes a Central Controller, which directs the users to the open channels. This kind of Trunked system requires no monitoring of the channel as in conventional systems. The Central Controller places the user in a queue to wait for a free channel. The Central Controller does the monitoring and channels selection for the user.

2.20.2

LTR Trunked Systems

LTR is a transmission based trunking protocol developed by the E. F. Johnson Company for primarily single site trunking applications. In transmission trunking, a repeater is used for only the duration of a single transmission. Once a transmission is completed, that repeater becomes available to other users.

2.20.3

MPT Trunked Systems

MPT (Ministry of Post and Telecommunications) developed a signalling standard (MPT1327) for trunked private land mobile radio systems. This standard defines the protocol rules for communication between a trunking system controller (TSC) and users radio units. The protocol offers a broad range of options which can be implemented in subsets according to user requirements. Also, there is scope

2-33

for customization for special requirements, and provision made to further standardized features to be added to the protocol in the future. The standard defines only the over-air signalling and imposes only minimum constraints on system design.

2.20.4

PassPort Trunked Systems

PassPort is an enhanced trunking protocol developed by Trident Microsystems that supports wide area dispatch networking. A network is formed by linking several trunked sites together to form a single system. This offers users an extended communication coverage area. Additionally, users with PassPort can seamlessly roam among all sites within the network. Seamless roaming means that the radio user does not have to manually change the position on the radio when roaming from site-to-site. For models which feature PassPort Trunking operation, the standard keypad board is replaced with the PassPort Trunking Controller Board (PTCB). This board also provides advanced voice storage features. Refer to Figure 2-2 for connector and signal routing from, to and through the Radio, PTCB and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) sub-systems.

2.20.4.1 Power Supplies

The radio supplies regulated Vdd of 3.3 VDC. This is used to power the Low Speed Data Filter and Voice Storage circuits. The radio also supplies Switched Battery Voltage (SWB+). U612 regulates the SWB+ to 3.3V which is applied to the PTCB microcontroller U601. A filtered voltage (Vdda) of _ Vdd is developed by U603-4 and is used to supply a clean reference bias for the Low Speed Data filter and Voice Storage circuits. The circuit of Q607 which can limit the voltage applied to the Voice Storage chip is not used in portable applications and is disabled by 0 Ohm resistor R614.

2.20.4.2 Microcontroller (MCU)

PassPort Trunking operation is managed by the reprogrammable FLASH ROM based microcontroller (U601). The MCU clock oscillator uses 8MHz crystal Y601 as a stable resonator. The PTCB communicates with the main radio microcontroller by attaching to the same Serial Peripheral (SPI) bus that passes though the PTCB to the LCD on the CLK, DATA, RDY, and MISO lines. The OPT_EN line is strobed low only for communications with U601. The MCU includes an on-chip Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). The received and filtered subaudible low speed trunking data waveform is applied to one of the ADC inputs. The software in the MCU decodes and acts upon the trunking data. The MCU includes a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). As required, the MCU software generates appropriate PassPort Low Speed Trunking Data waveforms. These are applied to the Low Speed Data Filter and then to the radio transmitter modulation point. The amplitude of this waveform and the resulting transmitted deviation is controlled by software.

2.20.4.3 Low Speed Data Filter

This analog circuitry is a 4 pole, 150 Hz cutoff low pass filter comprised of U603-1, U603-2 and associated passive components. In receive mode, it removes noise and voice band signals leaving only the low speed data waveform which is applied to the ADC input of the MCU. U608-4 isolates the receive signal from the filter in transmit mode. When the radio is transmitting PassPort data, the MCU DAC low speed data waveform is applied to the input of the filter which removes harmonics that would interfere with voice and applies the resulting sub-audible data to the radio transmitter modulation point.

2.20.4.4 Keyboard Circuit

The keyboard consists of a matrix of key switches and resistors as described in section 2.3. U605-2 monitors the column voltage and applies an interrupt signal to the radio microcontroller when any key is pressed.

2-34

2.20.4.5 BackLight Driver and LED's

The logic level signal from the radio microcontroller is translated via Q611 and applied to Q610 which uses Switched Battery Voltage (SWB+) to operate the keypad backlight LEDs.

2.20.4.6 Voice Storage

The Voice Storage (VS) can be used to store audio signals coming from the receiver or from the microphone. Any stored audio signal can be played back over the radios speaker or sent out via the radios transmitter. The PTCB hosts the Voice Storage circuitry. Voice Storage IC U611 provides all the required functionality and is powered from the regulated 5 volts. The mP controls U611 via SPI bus lines CLK (U611-8), DATA (U611-10) and MISO (U611-11). To transfer data, the mP first selects the U611 via line VS CS and U611 pin 9. Then the mP sends data through line DATA and receives data through line MISO. Pin 2 (RAC) of U611 indicates the end of a message row by a low state for 12.5 ms and connects to mP pin 65. A low at pin 5 (INT), which is connected to mP pin 55, indicates that the Voice Storage IC requires service from the mP. Audio, either from the radios receiver or from one of the microphone inputs, emerges from the ASFIC CMP (U404) at pin 43, through switch U608-1 that is selected by the mP via ASFIC CMP pin 5 (DACR) and then enters the voice storage IC U611 at pin 25. During playback, the stored audio emerges from U611 at pin 20. To transmit the audio signal, it is fed through resistive divider R657 / R658, through switch U608-3 and through line EXT MIC. When this path is selected, the audio signal enters the ASFIC CMP at pin 48 and is processed like normal transmit audio. To play the stored audio over the radios speaker, the audio from U611 pin 20 is buffered by op-amp U605-1, through switch U608-2 and fed via line FLAT RX SND to ASFIC CMP pin 10 (UIO). In this case, this ASFIC CMP pin is programmed as input and feeds the audio signal through the normal receiver audio path to the speaker or handset. Switches U608-2 and U608-3 are controlled by the mP via ASFIC CMP pin 6 (DACG) and feed the stored audio only to the ASFIC CMP port UIO when it is programmed as input.

2.21 900 MHz Transmitter

PCIC Vcontrol Power Amplifier (PA) From VCO PA Driver PA Final Stage Antenna Switch/ Harmonic Filter Vcontrol Antenna Jack

Figure 2-24: Transmitter Block Diagram

2-35

The 900 MHz transmitter contains the following basic circuits: power amplifier antenna switch harmonic filter power control integrated circuit (PCIC).

2.21.1

Power Amplifier
The power amplifier consists of two devices: 5185130C65 driver IC (U101) and 4813828A09 LDMOS PA (Q101).

The 30C65 driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.5V. This RF driver IC is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 6 and 7) with an input signal of 2.5mW (4dBm) (pin16). The current drain would typically be 200mA while operating in the frequency range of 896-941 MHz. The 28A09 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 4.5W with an input signal of 0.3W. The current drain would typically be 1100mA while operating in the frequency range of 896-941 MHz. The power out can be varied by changing the biasing voltage and the drive level from the driver IC.

2.21.2

Antenna Switch
The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C115, L109 and C138), and three current limiting resistors (R102, R103, R106). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC (U102) pin32 will go high, applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes on. The shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, and hence, there exists a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

2.21.3

Harmonic Filter
The harmonic filter consists of L104, L105, C114, C115, C124,C125, and C126. It has been optimized for efficiency of the power amplifier. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically 0.9 dB, and less than 1.2dB.

2.21.4

Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U102 to regulate the power output of the radio. The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R101, which provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the Automatic Level Control (ALC) within the PCIC to regulate the output power of the transmitter. The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the control loop. The reference voltage level is programmable through the SPI line of the PCIC. There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C156, C157, and C158) in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the power splatter into adjacent channels. U103 and its associated components are part of the temperature cut back circuitry. It senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and output a DC voltage to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold in the PCIC, the transmitter output power will be reduced so as to reduce the transmitter temperature.

2-36

2.22 900 MHz Receiver

Antenna

Pin Diode Antenna Switch RFJack

3-Pole Ceramic Block Filter

RF Amp

3-Pole Ceramic Block Filter

Mixer

Crystal Filter

IF Amp

AGC Processing First LO from FGU Recovered Audio Squelch RSSI IF IC Demodulator U351 Synthesizer

16.8 MHz Reference Clock SPI Bus Second LO VCO

Figure 2-25: 900 MHz Receiver Block Diagram

2.22.1

Receiver Front-End
The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For 900 MHz, the filter consists of L104, L105, C114, C115, C124, C125, and C126. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes(CR101, and CR102) and a pi network (C115, L109, and C138). The signal is then applied to a fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL300. The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q302 via C300. The RF amplifier provides a gain of approximately 14 dB. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL301. Both the pre and post-RF amplifier ceramic filters have similar responses. The insertion loss of each filter across the 935-941 MHz band is less than 2 dB. The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer, U301, through matching components C321, and L311. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 109.65MHz IF signal. The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL350) through a resistor pad and a diplexer (C312, and L306). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by L353,L354, C377, and C378. The crystal filter provides some of the necessary selectivity, and intermodulation protection.

2-37

2.22.2

Receiver Back-End
The output of crystal filter FL350 is matched to the input of the dual gate MOSFET IF amplifier transistor U352 by components L355, R359, and C376. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receive 5 volts (R5). AGC voltage is applied to the second gate of U352. The IF amplifier provides a gain of about 11dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U351(pin 3) via L352, R356 and C365 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U351. The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U351 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U351. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U351). The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO frequency is divided by two in U351 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U351) synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC. In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will search for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q350. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR350, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting of R365, C391, and C392. The IF IC (U351) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor, and used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in both the front-end and the IF. The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U351 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to U851 where a flutter fighter process is implemented. The signal leaves U851 via pin F4 and is then routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.

2.22.3

Hear Clear IC
Hear Clear (HC) IC is typically used for 900MHz radios. The HC IC comprises three main internal circuit blocks: Compressor, Flutter Fighter, and Expander Circuits.

Only the Flutter Fighter section of this IC is used by this radio. The Compressor and the Expander are included in the ASFIC. There are six enable/control lines on the Hear Clear IC which determine the ICs mode of operation. The Flutter Fighter Enable line (U851-E3) is controlled by ASFIC DACRX line (U404-4). The logic control and the IC status is summarized in Table 2-8. Table 2-8 Hear Clear Logic and IC Status
Name Ref. Des Set By RX1* RX2**

IC Enable Flutter Fighter Enable LO Clamp Disable

U851-C4 U851-E3 U851-A5

SWB+ DACRX SWB+

1 1 1

1 0 1

2-38

Table 2-8 Hear Clear Logic and IC Status LO Clamp Disable HCI Disable LO Clamp Disable U851-C2 U851-B6 U851-D1 GND SWB+ GND 0 1 0 0 1 0

*RX1:receive voice with carrier squelch, PL or DPL (Flutter Fighter can be on or off). **RX2:refers to receive mode with all other data HST/MDC/DTMF (Flutter Fighter must be off).

2.22.3.1 Receive Path for Radios with Hear Clear

The audio signal enters Hear Clear controller from DEMOD_OUT signal on DISC. The detected audio DISC enters the Hear Clear Flutter Fighter through C857 and C859. C857 connects the signal to FF IN (U851-E4). C859 is a beginning of a noise sampling circuit consisting of components C859, R853, C860, R854, C861, R855 and C862; and Hear Clear Ports Ref, Noise Filter In, and Noise Filter Out, Noise Hold. After exiting Hear Clear at the FF OUT (U851-F4), the signal enters ASFIC at DISC (U404-2). Within the ASFIC, the signal passes through a low pass filter and high pass filter limiting the audio bandwidth to 300Hz-3KHz. It then goes through de-emphasis and exits the ASFIC at AUDIO (U404-41). The audio is then routed to the Audio PA in the same manner as the standard receive audio. The purpose of the Flutter Fighter is to sample the amount of Noise in the receive audio between 1020KHz using the Noise Filter (U851-B5), Noise Filter Out (U851-C6), and Noise Hold (U851-D5). In addition, it monitors the rate of change of RSSI (Receive Signal Strength In) (U303-1). The detected audio DISC enters into the Hear Clear IC at FF IN (U851-E4). The circuit then reduces the amount of popping Noise associated with fading. The improved audio exits the IC at FF OUT (U851-F4).

2.22.3.2 Hear Clear Routing of Data/Signaling

While receiving, sub-audible signals PL/DPL go through the Flutter Fighter along with the audio, and is unaffected by the Flutter Fighter operation. On entering the ASFIC, the sub-audible signaling is separated from the voice and decoded. While receiving other signals HST/MDC (not sub-audible), the Flutter Fighter is set to the pass through mode. In this mode, the Flutter Fighter is routed from FF IN to FF OUT without any processing.

2.22.4

Automatic Gain Control Circuit

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic gain reduction of both the low noise amplifier in the receiver front end and the IF amplifier in the receiver backend. This action is necessary to prevent overloading of the backend IF IC. The IF automatic gain control circuit provides approximately 50 dB of attenuation range. The signal strength indicator (RSSI) output of the IF IC produces a voltage that is proportional to the RF level at the IF input to the IF IC. This voltage is inverted by U350, R351, R353, R352, R354 and C355 and it determines the RF level at which the backend end AGC is activated as well as the slope of the voltage at the output of U350 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna. The inverted output of U350 is applied to the second gate of the IF amplifier U352 via R355. As the RF signal into the IF IC increases the following occurs: the RSSI voltage increases, the output of inverter U350 decreases, and the voltage applied to the second gate of the FET is reduced thus reducing the gain of the IF amplifier.

2-39

The output of inverter U350 is also used to control the receiver front end AGC. The receiver front end automatic gain control circuit provides and additional 20 dB of gain reduction. The output of the receiver back end inverter U350 is fed into the receiver front end AGC inverter U302. The components R317, R314, and C318 determine: the RF level at which the front end AGC is activated, and the slope of the voltage at the output of U302 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna.

As the RF into the antenna increases the following occurs: The output voltage of the receiver back end inverter U350 decreases. The voltage at the output of the front end inverter U302 increases. The result is the forward biasing of pin diode CR301.

As the diode becomes more and more forward biased the following occurs: C310 loads the output of the low noise amplifier Q302 thus reducing the gain of the low noise amplifier. R315 and R318 provide a DC path for CR301 and also limit the current through CR301.

The blocking capacitor C317 prevents DC from the AGC stage from appearing at the input of the filter FL301.

2.23 Frequency Generation Circuitry

Voltage Multiplier
VCP Vmult1 Vmult2 Aux3

Dual Transistor
Aux4

TRB

Rx Out

Injection Amplifier

To Mixer

Rx VCO Circuit Loop Filter Tx VCO Circuit

Synthesizer U201

VCOBIC U250
Tx Out

16.8 MHz Ref. Osc. Modulating Signal

MOD Out

Buffer Amplifier

To PA Driver

Figure 2-26: Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram The Frequency Generation Circuitry is comprised of two main ICs, the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U250). Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the relevant schematics for the reference designators. The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U247 and U248 respectively. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U250. In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry. Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from

2-40

the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked. Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin10 of U201. Internally the audio is digitized by the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.

2.24 900 MHz Synthesizer

The Fractional-N Synthesizer uses a 16.8 MHz packaged 1.5 ppm reference oscillator (Y200) to provide a reference for the system. The LV FractN IC (U201) further divides the 16.8 MHz to 2.1MHz, 2.225 MHz, and 2.4 MHz. Y200, together with C238, C239, C241, R212, R213, and R214 comprise the reference oscillator which is capable of 1.5 ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85C. It also provides 16.8 MHz at pin 19 of U201 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF. The loop filter which consists of C801, C802, C803, C804, C805, C225, C226, R204, R209, and R210 provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and provides filtering of noise and spurs from U201. In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at pin 45 of U201 to put the synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by the normal mode charge pump at pin 43. Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive multiplier which is made up of CR201, CR202, C244, C245, C246, C247, R200, R218, C208, C243, R219, and R220. Two 3.3 V square waves (180 degrees out of phase) are applied to R219 and R220. These square waves switch alternate sets of diodes from CR201 and CR202, which in turn charge C244, C245, C246, and C247 in a bucket brigade fashion. The resulting output voltage that is applied to pin 47 of U201 is typically 12.8V and allows the steering line voltage (VCO control voltage) to reach 11V.

DATA (U409 Pin 100) CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CSX (U409 Pin 2) MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) +5V (U247 Pin 4) (U248 Pin 5) Reference Oscillator

7 8 9 10 13,30 5,20,34,36 23 24 25 32

DATA CLK CEX MODIN VCC , DC5V VDD , 3.3V XTAL1 XTAL2 WARP PREIN

LOCK FREFOUT GND IOUT IADAPT

4 19 6,22,23,24 43 45 41 3 2 28 40 39

LOCK (U409 Pin 56) FREF (U201 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34)

2-Pole Loop Filter

U251 Low Voltage MODOUT Fractional-N AUX4 Synthesizer

AUX3 SFOUT BIAS1

Steering Line 11.0V

LO RF Injection

Dual Transistors Filtered 5V

Voltage Controlled Oscillator

12.8V

47

Voltage Multiplier

BIAS2 VCP VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 48 14 15 3.3Vp-p 5V 3.3Vp-p Prescaler In

TX RF Injection (First Stage of PA) Dual Transistors R405

Figure 2-27: Synthesizer Block Diagram

2-41

2.25 900 MHz Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

5V Level Shifter Network TRB_IN Pin 20 Rx-SW Tx-SW (U201 Pin 28) VSF Steer Line Voltage (VCTRL) RX Tank TX Tank RX VCO Circuit TX VCO Circuit Pin 4 Collector/RF in RX Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 16 Pin 15 Vsens Circuit Pin 18 Vcc-Logic VSF (U201 Pin 28) Pin 2 Rx-I adjust Pin 1 Pins 9,11,17 Tx-I adjust TX Tx Active Bias TX RX Rx Active Bias Pin 7 Pin 13 TX/RX/BS Switching Network Presc Pin 12 Prescaler Out U201 Pin 32 Pin 19 AUX3 (U201 Pin 2) AUX4 (U201 Pin 3)

Pin 3

Vcc-Superfilter

U250 VCOBIC
LO RF INJECTION Pin 8 Pin 14 Pin 10 TX RF Injection Buffer Amplifier Injection Amplifier VSF VCC Buffers (U201 Pin 28)

Figure 2-28: VCO Block Diagram The VCOBIC (U250) in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U250 pin 19) determines which oscillator and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U250 pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the VCO. This voltage is a DC voltage between 2.0V (low frequency) and 11.0V (high frequency) when the PLL is locked on frequency. The VCOBIC(U250) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q200 and Q252 on the TRB line.

2-42

The operation logic is shown in Table 2-9. Table 2-9 Level Shifter Logic
Desired Mode AUX 4 AUX 3 TRB

Tx Rx Battery Saver

Low High Low

High (@3.2V) Low Low

High (@4.8V) Low Hi-Z/Float (@2.5V)

In the receive mode, U250 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 8 is run through an injection amplifier, Q304. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the mixer at U301. During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, five volts is applied to U250 pin 19. This activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 10 is amplified by Q251 and injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin1). This RF signal is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the carrier is received through the U201 pin 41. When a high impedance is applied to U250 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode. In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler buffer are turned off.

3-1

Chapter 3 Maintenance
3.1 Introduction
This chapter of the manual describes: Preventive maintenance Safe handling of CMOS devices Repair procedures and techniques

3.2

Preventive Maintenance
The radios do not require a scheduled preventive maintenance program; however, periodic visual inspection and cleaning is recommended.

3.3

Inspection
Check that the external surfaces of the radio are clean, and that all external controls and switches are functional. It is not recommended to inspect the interior electronic circuitry.

3.3.1 Cleaning
The following procedures describe the recommended cleaning agents and the methods to be used when cleaning the external and internal surfaces of the radio. External surfaces include the front cover, housing assembly, and battery case. These surfaces should be cleaned whenever a periodic visual inspection reveals the presence of smudges, grease, and/or grime. NOTE Internal surfaces should be cleaned only when the radio is disassembled for servicing or repair. The only recommended agent for cleaning the external radio surfaces is a 0.5% solution of a mild dishwashing detergent in water. The only factory recommended liquid for cleaning the printed circuit boards and their components is isopropyl alcohol (70% by volume).

CAUTION: The effects of certain chemicals and their vapors can have harmful results on certain plastics. Aerosol sprays, tuner cleaners, and other chemicals should be avoided. 1. Cleaning External Plastic Surfaces The detergent-water solution should be applied sparingly with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to work all loose dirt away from the radio. A soft, absorbent, lintless cloth or tissue should be used to remove the solution and dry the radio. Make sure that no water remains entrapped near the connectors, cracks, or crevices. 2. Cleaning Internal Circuit Boards and Components Isopropyl alcohol may be applied with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to dislodge embedded or caked materials located in hard-to-reach areas. The brush stroke should direct the dislodged material out and away from the inside of the radio. Make sure that controls or tunable components are not soaked with alcohol. Do not use high-pressure air to hasten the drying process since this could cause the liquid to collect in unwanted places. Upon completion of the cleaning process, use a soft, absorbent, lintless cloth to dry the area. Do not brush or apply any

3-2

Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS

isopropyl alcohol to the frame, front cover, or back cover. NOTE Always use a fresh supply of alcohol and a clean container to prevent contamination by dissolved material (from previous usage).

3.4

Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and lateral diffusion metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) devices are used in this family of radios. Their characteristics make them susceptible to damage by electrostatic or high voltage charges. Damage can be latent, resulting in failures occurring weeks or months later. Therefore, special precautions must be taken to prevent device damage during disassembly, troubleshooting, and repair. Handling precautions are mandatory for the circuits and are especially important in low humidity conditions. DO NOT attempt to disassemble the radio without first referring to the CMOS CAUTION paragraph in the Disassembly and Reassembly section of the basic manual (See Chapter 3).

3.5

General Repair Procedures and Techniques

Parts Replacement and Substitution When damaged parts are replaced, identical parts should be used. If the identical replacement component is not locally available, check the parts list for the proper Motorola part number and order the component from the nearest Motorola Communications parts center listed in the Piece Parts section of this manual (See Chapter 1). Rigid Circuit Boards The family of radios uses bonded, multi-layer, printed circuit boards. Since the inner layers are not accessible, some special considerations are required when soldering and unsoldering components. The printed-through holes may interconnect multiple layers of the printed circuit. Therefore, care should be exercised to avoid pulling the plated circuit out of the hole.

When soldering near the 20-pin and 40-pin connectors: avoid accidentally getting solder in the connector. be careful not to form solder bridges between the connector pins. closely examine your work for shorts due to solder bridges.

Flexible Circuits The flexible circuits are made from a different material than the rigid boards and different techniques must be used when soldering. Excessive prolonged heat on the flexible circuit can damage the material. Avoid excessive heat and excessive bending. For parts replacement, use the ST-1087 Temperature-Controlled Solder Station with a 600-700 degree tip, and use small diameter solder such as ST-633. The smaller size solder will melt faster and require less heat to be applied to the circuit. To replace a component on a flexible circuit: grasp the edge of the flexible circuit with seizers (hemostats) near the part to be removed. pull gently. apply the tip of the soldering iron to the component connections while pulling with the seizers.

Do not attempt to puddle out components. Prolonged application of heat may damage the flexible circuit.

General Repair Procedures and Techniques

3-3

Chip Components Use either the RLN-4062 Hot-Air Repair Station or the Motorola 0180381B45 Repair Station for chip component replacement. When using the 0180381B45 Repair Station, select the TJ-65 minithermojet hand piece. On either unit, adjust the temperature control to 700 degrees F. (370 degrees C), and adjust the airflow to a minimum setting. Airflow can vary due to component density. To remove a chip component: Use a hot-air hand piece and position the nozzle of the hand piece approximately 1/8 (0.3 cm) above the component to be removed. Begin applying the hot air. Once the solder reflows, remove the component using a pair of tweezers. Using a solder wick and a soldering iron or a power desoldering station, remove the excess solder from the pads. To replace a chip component using a soldering iron: Select the appropriate micro-tipped soldering iron and apply fresh solder to one of the solder pads. Using a pair of tweezers, position the new chip component in place while heating the fresh solder. Once solder wicks onto the new component, remove the heat from the solder. Heat the remaining pad with the soldering iron and apply solder until it wicks to the component. If necessary, touch up the first side. All solder joints should be smooth and shiny. To replace a chip component using hot air: Use the hot-air hand piece and reflow the solder on the solder pads to smooth it. Apply a drop of solder paste flux to each pad. Using a pair of tweezers, position the new component in place. Position the hot-air hand piece approximately 1/8 (0.3 cm) above the component and begin applying heat. Once the solder wicks to the component, remove the heat and inspect the repair. All joints should be smooth and shiny. Shields Removing and replacing shields will be done with the R-1070 station with the temperature control set to approximately 415F (215C) [445F (230C) maximum]. To remove the shield: Place the circuit board in the R-1070s holder. Select the proper heat focus head and attach it to the heater chimney. Add solder paste flux around the base of the shield. Position the shield under the heat-focus head. Lower the vacuum tip and attach it to the shield by turning on the vacuum pump. Lower the focus head until it is approximately 1/8 (0.3 cm) above the shield. Turn on the heater and wait until the shield lifts off the circuit board. Once the shield is off, turn off the heat, grab the part with a pair of tweezers, and turn off the vacuum pump.

Remove the circuit board from the R-1070s circuit board holder. To replace the shield: Add solder to the shield if necessary, using a micro-tipped soldering iron.

3-4

Recommended Test Tools

Next, rub the soldering iron tip along the edge of the shield to smooth out any excess solder. Use solder wick and a soldering iron to remove excess solder from the solder pads on the circuit board. Place the circuit board back in the R1070s circuit board holder. Place the shield on the circuit board using a pair of tweezers. Position the heat-focus head over the shield and lower it to approximately 1/8 (0.3 cm) above the shield. Turn on the heater and wait for the solder to reflow. Once complete, turn off the heat, raise the heat-focus head and wait approximately one minute for the part to cool. Remove the circuit board and inspect the repair. No cleaning should be necessary.

3.6

Recommended Test Tools

Table Table 3-1 lists the recommended tools used for maintaining this family of radios. These tools are also available from Motorola. Table 3-1 Recommended Test Tools

Motorola Part Number RSX4043 6680387A70 R1453A 0180386A78 0180386A82 6684253C72 6680384A98 1010041A86

Description Torx Driver T-6 Torx Bit Digital readout solder station Illuminated magnifying glass with lens attachment. Anti-static grounding kit Straight prober Brush Solder (RMA type), 63/37, 0.5mm diameter 1 lb. spool SMD tool kit (included with R1319A) ChipMaster Surface Mount

Application Tighten and remove chassis screws. Removable Torx driver bit. Digitally controlled soldering iron.

Used during all radio assembly and disassembly procedures.

1080303E45 R1319A (110V)

Removal and assembly of surface-mounted integrated circuits and shields includes 5 nozzels.

or R1321A(220V)

Rework Station

R1364A R1427A 8880309B53

Digital Heated Tweezer System Board Preheater Rework Equipment Catalog

Chip component removal. Reduces heatsink on multi level boards. Contains application notes, procedures and technical rework equipment.

Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse

3-5

3.7

Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse

In cases where the radio fails to turn on when power is applied, the circuit board fuse should always be checked as a probable cause of the failure. The locations of the fuse for both the UHF and VHF boards are shown in Figure 3-1. The radio must be disassembled to replace the fuses as described inthe Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 1 - Related Documents), then the circuit board separated from the radio chassis as described in the paragraphs that follow.

Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse

VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

M300
C523 C437 SH402 E405

M301
C204 C205

M400 VR200 VR201 C281 R318 C319 L307 C437 1

C436

C522 VR442

SH300 C332 C331

C334

SH402

C345

R426

VR506

C382

C359

L330

L331

C330

R463 R414

S502

E403

2 C338

51

C333

R426

26

E406

U200 J1
L200 C258

R420

R343

SH322 E404

C334

R420

L505

VR441

C436

E405

E404

C277

Q302

25

R463 R414

B501

FL401

C326

R313

C383 C346 R311 R415 C433 C431 R312 C361

R344

C449 C463 E401

C279

R350 C344

C335 3 5

C330

C307
R307

U301

UHF Board

U409

U303
C336 36 37 C343 1 48

VR202

C328 C327 C326 C324 C323

FL401

R315

C329

C355 C336

C343

U302

C503 R308 R306 3 SH201 R219 F1

R415

C449 C463

U409

C433

37

E401

C360

C327

E402 R309 2 VR203 C280

Low Band Board

C278

U248

E402

24 25

13 12

13

CR200

E403

C357 C390

C358 3

S502
2 C337

51

26

E406

C339

C340

C341

SH202

C348

C356

C337

C347

L314 R204 R460

C293

C263 L261 C264 C223 C204 C466 C458 C459 E400 R462

CR203

C342

CR411

C298

C202

C208

C431
C341

C206

Q416

C339

C340

C342

C320

C321

C201

37 R281 R419 C265

C325

C435

C219 R202

C218 C207

76

C503 25 R457

L305

C466 R223
C236

F501

SH304

R201

36 37
R224 R225

25 24 R222
C257

C242 R460
C435

C456 R411

R461

R233

C231

R231 R232

L410

SH302 R409

C453

U201

Q416

76

C458

C395

U210

U410

CR303

R432

L303

L340

CR306 C434 L411

U205
8 SH500 R505 C507
C256

C459 L225 R419

R228

R462

R340 C307

C311 R347

C296 3 C258 4

L306

R461

U410

C314

C306

CR305

R512

Q301

C312

R513

L304

C419

C420

R328

R413

C421

C298

R304

C321

R305

C313

C317

R445

R400

C448

L305

C416 C422

C316

C407

R425

C447

SH242

C481 C475 C442 SH403 R431

VR448 VR446 VR445

R472 R423

2
C538

R503 C259 C504 L501 C533 D502

C134 R108

C261 L502

C241

C244

L251

L241

C242

R254

SH403
C407 R445

R449

CR243 CR242

U241

C419

C420

C421

R251 C255

L112

H101

C126

L108

R102

C222

C131

R245 10

11

U207

R119

R449

Q111

C135

C134

17

C139

R236

R238

R434

J101

L281 13 C450

R111 R118 C125 4

C129

R231

CR241 R331 R330 C410 1

C146 R114

R115

3 4 10

C132

L242

C372

VR432

C371 C409 1

CR203 L109
C135

R475

C447

C408 U420

U404

TP100

C225

R232

C445

C128

C481 CR204

R423

C152 C138 C151 R242

R425

R241

R252 CR251

C422

C170 C150 20 11

R107

C130 C250 C246

37

25

R109

C448

C128 C254 C252

R413

C243 C245

R400 C133 SH202

R424

R475

C479

R473

20

E101

R244

C123

C299

C479

R504

R424

C506

R473

C318

R239

R306

R307

R329

C315

VR439

S501

Q509

TP200

C434 C255

R432

CR304 C380 C224

C259

C310 C234 3 4 U211

CR501

48 1

13 12

R409

L411

L410

R303 C309

C453

S501

L307

C232 13

C456 R411

R457

E400

R472

C475

C442

VR445

C416 C216
L208

R431

36 37 R113
C215 C214

25 24

VR446

C281

R332

J102

R101

4 R170 C172

R111 C295

R112 R110

C132

U102

C411

20 R110 C108 L207 L212 C408

11

C452

C414

25

C108

C173

C378

C174

R133

R116

R117

CR105 R131 R132

C137

L215

C138 4

25
C221 R103 R204 C126

C226

P100

2 R130

C105

J101

1 R206 E100
C230

10 1 8

L204

C452

C140

VR101

C227

C142

9 1 2 M101

L211
C117 C143

C127

C231

C412

C414

17

C415

3 4

C476

C430

Q410

R471

M202

M401

FL0830475O

Fuse

VIEWED FROM SIDE 1

C852

F1

C860

VR503 SH353 4 C379 2 C374 C372 3 5 25 C381 C380 13 L350 C370 C355
R353 VR507

C522

R350 C350

L505 1 C211 R354 2 C210 C373 C360 1

C356 R853

R420

C383

C394

B501

L851 VR505
C851

C861 R852 R854 C859 R855

R856

B6

B1

C437

C436

S502

A5

A2

SH402

E405

R426

E404

51
R463 R414

26 C862

E406

3 C857

U350

R352 37 C358 R351

C240

C856

C853

C433

Fuse F501

C354
C366 C364 C363 C357 C353 C359

SH201 C247 C244 C245 C243 R220 C246

U202 C352

C431
CR201 CR202

C503 C525
R332 R336 R333

C212

L351

C209
R460 C208 R218

CR411

R334 R329 R331

C216

F501

C242

S501
SH301
C308

C225

C317

C218

U410

CR301 C C
L301

R335
U302 C302

R411

R318 C305

R307 R315
C303

U303

R432

C801

C803

R309

C318

C300
CR300 R306

L303 C301 R312

L302 R310 C528

R314
C165

R424

R413

C123
C103

SH250 C306
C102

C422 C448

R445

R400
R425

C419

C420

C421

C280

R423

R257
C292 C262

C407

C264 E101
C122

C259
C291

Q252 43
R449

R472 1 SH102
R101

C475 R475 C274

R281 C263

R473

C104 C105 C106

C204 C231

L204

R203

Q302

VR502

C804

FL301

C802

CR501

C205 C226 R202 C230

C434

SH403 C479

C456

R409 L411

L410

L304

C805

C453

R419

R461

C439 R439

C310

C201 C214 C222 L202 C221 R204 C219 R210 C223 R209

C203 C234

C435

R330

R200

Q416

R317

C524

C202

R219

76

R462

R438

R457

C449 C463

U203

C217

F5

F2

R415

U409

C466

C458

C459

E400

C481 20 L260
C126

C442

R431 37 C108 M101

C107 C159 L259 C267

VR445

C416 R273 C266 R280 R262 C133

R121 C137

25

VR446

U250
C260

C265 C287 R261 R264 R282 R275 C252 L254 C261 R253 C284 C125
C136 VR101 C268 L256

20 C408 10
C253

11

VR448

U404 11
C290

U420
C409 17
C160

C445 9 1 C158 C157 R255

Q251 C250 R118 C286 C405

1 R263 C110 C124 R103 U103 C143 25 C155 C101 R102 C144 R108 R110 R117 1 C150 C156
L265

10 C410 L253
R250 C257 R274 L252 C254

13 R434
C251 C411

C450

C451

J101

U102

R251 R271 C154 C293 R254 C256

C255

L250

C412

C414

C415

3 4

C476

C430

Q410

R471

C492

FL0830703O

WARIS VHF RF Board 8486062B12D BOT SIDE

ILLUSTRATOR DATE ENGINEER DATE

DWG. NO.

ZWG0130073
PROGRAM DISK

RK
EDITOR

23/Nov/1998
DATE CHECKER DATE LETTERING SIZE: REQUIRES:

Illustrator CORRECTED AS MARKED ISS. REVISION

CHECK ONE ( O.K. AS IS O.K. AS MARKED ( RLSE. ) ) RLSE.

M502

M501 C522 VR505 VR506

M400

VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

VR507 4 C379 C381 C383 R350 L505

C523

C436

R426

C241

R420

C437

E405

VR441

L505

VR439

C3242

S502

C3224

R3222

R3760

37

R3761

FL401

B501
R3221 C3220

2 C3235
C3231 C3232 C3233 C3234

CR501 C3230 R3220 36 37 C3226 C3239 C3229 1 48 C3221 C3228

C3218

R463 R3763 C3735

C3238 C3731 C3707

C366

C364

VHF Board

C206

C233

C353

C433 3
C3762 R3762 C3761 C3732

U409
C431
CR411

C352

C359

C3751

C463 SH3702 L3221

L3701

L351 C503 C525 C527 C524

R208 C249 C232 R206 C242

C227

C229 CR203 R211 C237 R460 F501 R212 R217 C435

CR411

R415

C363

C357

E401

C354 C202 L203 C228

C236

C466

C449 C535 F501

C3755

Q416

R3703

C3703 D3701 C3701

C3709 C3704

SH353 R317

R210 R221 C225

37

25 R209

C235

76

C458

C459

C466 24 25 SH3301
C3316

E400

C246

75
Q416 C435 D3702

R318 S501

U302

C3322
C3301

C3323
R3315 R3307 R3314

C3339 C3324
C3321

C3337 8 C3315 C3302 C3303 C3305 C3304 R3306 R3324

L3308

C459 C503
R3727

C220

C3727

C318

L302

R424

R413

C419

C420

Q3301

C3733

L3731

R3304

R3319

R425

R413 C419

C420 C421

20

C422

C279

R261 C265

C3805

C153

C152

C266

R264 C267

R3807

C3508
R3562 Q3561

C3813

CR251

C154 C117

R449

Q3801

U3503

L3801

R3563

U102

R3808

C3815 R3567 32 1 C3561 J3501 4 J3502 3 2 L3523 R3573 R3572 C3526 C3569 R3566 R3571 TP3502 C3560 C3568 R3561 R3570 25 24
R3802

C256 R263

R102 C155

R108

C405

C139

C451

C3804

U420 H3501
R3564 C3562 C3563 R3565 C3565 8 9 L3826
L3809 C3808

R101

C158

R251

C3811 L3811

U3502
17 16

R3569

R3806

R3805
C3810 R3811

C3809

L3812

C414 C440

3 4

1 5 Q410

C476 R471

VR433

C411

C452

10 11 R3816 C3806 C3816 C3818 R3817 R3818 C3812 L3813

R434 R436

C446

48 1

13 12 C450 C415 C451 C430 C478

R116 R117 R115 C145 C156 C146 C157 U103

C290

R269

C414

C415

10

VR432

C409 C410

C104

C149

R271

L250

C412

C430

3 Q410 4

C476

R471

SH403 M100 M300

M401

3-6

ZWG0130073-B

VR433

R3832

C452

C445

J101

Q251

U3801

C408

U404

R113

C286

25

R434 C134 C254 R254

C411

R3831 L3816

20

11

VR448

C105

C130 C126

L263

C410 L253

13

C450

VR432

C3564

R3825 R3824 C3821 R3826

L256

C3515

C3509 C3507 C3506 C3566

L259

C3801

20

36 37

25 24

C447

17

C3803 R3804

R3812

C477

CR253

11

R475

10

R3829

R423 R431

Q101

C125

C442 C484
5 6 7

C138

C148 C132

C287

C416 C447

C107

C3516

R3519

C3823

C3827 R3830

R425

L3519

C3802

C481

CR252

R262

SH3802 R3801

R3803

C407

R472

C475

C483 R473

U250

R400

1 C136 C135

C278

R424

SH102

R449

SH403 R445 C479

C448

R104

L262

C3725

SH301

L261

C3326

R3305

C160 C161

C447

R423

R3320

C407

L3301

L3303

C528

SH250 C306 C282 C291 C271 C273

R445

R400

C422

C3325

E101

C448

R3301 RT3301

36 37

R312

C479

C421

R473

CR3301

C3336

C3726

R306

C434

L411

CR300

S501

R310

C3708 R3705 1 C3734 48 R3726

VR502

R461
U410

L410

C3317

R3702 C3705

R419

R411 R432 C456

R409

L303 C300 C301

R314

C240

D3301 R3303

U3701

C453

R457

L301

CR3302

E400

R315 Q302

C218

R462

CR501 FL301

R432

C305

R309 C303 C317

U410

CR301

R204 C302

C226

C434 13 R223 R222 C162 C163 C164 C213 C222 R200 D201

L411

L410

1 100

C458

L304

R307

C453

C244

R461

R460

C310

U201

C456 R411

R3704 C3702 13 12

C308

R216 8

C215

R419

R462

R457

R409

C481

R472

C475

C442

C416 R475 C276 C277 37

VR445

R431

25

VR446

20

11

VR448 C268 R255 C255 C408 C409

U404

U420

C445

10

800 MHz Board

U3220

C3244

C356

C358

R351 SH202

SH402

C3237 R3223

C3243

C3211

R352 C360

C433 C431

U409

C449 C463

Y3762

E403 E402

U350

C3236 R3224

R3222

C3227

VR506

12

C3763

24 25

R414 R426

R353

13

50

25

E406
C373

C367 C369

U248

C217

U351

R415

E401

C3240

D3761

R354

B501

C3223

Y200

R420

SH3202 C3241 C3219 R3219

C437

E405 E404
3 5

C372

L350 C370

C355 2

C210 FL401

R463 R414

C374

E402

E403

25

SH402 C436

S502

2 13

C238

51

VR503

C211

26

VR442

C380

C350

R214

E404

E406

VR433

C452

VR432

900 MHZ Board

C367 C369

R851

U351

E6

E1 FL401

C447

E401

E403

U851

E402

VR433

J102

C141

C411

R434 C405

C451

U102

L209

M100

C410

48 1

13 12

U203

C450

VR432

C440

R471

R101

C409

R109

C415

3 C430

C297 R234

R349

3 4

C476

R102

C133 C373

VR433

Q310

R436 Q410

C451

R172

VR448 C124 Q203

U404

U420

C445

Figure 3-1:UHF/VHF/Low Band/800MHz/900MHz Circuit Board Fuse Locations

CR411

Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board

3-7

3.2

Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board

Both the UHF and VHF circuit boards are removed from the radio chassis in the following manner: 1. Refer to the Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 1 - Related Documents) for radio disassembly, then use a Torx driver and a T-6 bit to remove the four Torx screws shown in Figure 3-2. 2. Lift the circuit board out of the radio chassis, then remove and discard the thermal pad located between the circuit board and chassis. 3. After repairs, replace the thermal pad (Motorola P/N 7580556Z01) then reinstall the circuit board into the radio chassis. 4. Reinstall and tighten the four Torx screws to secure the circuit board to the chassis. 5. Refer to the Basic Service Manual to reassemble the radio. T-6 Torx screw locations
C423 E408 SH400 E409 E407 R410 R437 32 R418 17 VR440 3 SH323 R352 VR444 R300 C521 C502 C505 VR501 L332 C364 R322 L325 C385 C354 R324 C353 C384 R345 R346 R506 Q505 R505 C512 C513 Q502 C305 R502 R507 PB503 PB502 PB504 PB501 8 21 FL201

B503

B504

C397 R351 R334 R314 RT301 C328 R326 R335 R338 C391 R325 R319 RT300 SH321 R321 C362 R320 C363 CR310

FL301 U406 U405 J400 C325 TP201 C432

VR300

R316

C351 C352 C349

C324

1 7 22 C426 C425

SH201 C220 C235 C291

C294

U247

C323

L311

Q316

R355 Q320

Q260

R492

C233

TP402 R435 C443 TP410 VR447 L401

R408

C381

C427 C428

CR201

C230

C424

C308 CR302

Radio chassis
21

C350

R327

L203 C217 L202 1 16 C228 C229 C260 L201 Q210 4 3

R318

Q315 C396

C322

SH303 4 3 TP302 C203 R348 R309 R310

C333 R336 6 C331 L310 R317 SH301 C304 L302

U407

R255 R256

R429

R428 R478

C297

40 TP401 8

C429

R308

CR308

C214

T302 6

4 3

C375

C319

L232 TP202 C238

C511

C210

C213 C211

C320

R342

C444

RT400 SH401 R447 R448 C480 C482

C257

C303

L309

R302 R301

C514

C292

C212

T301

3 CR503

4 2

R501 C520

CR301

VR443 C302

L301 SH241 C251 C253 Q261 4 3 R260 C247 C248 R248 C286 C285 L282 C273 C121 Q241 L160 C160 R108 R107 C120 SH101

C301

Q403 R446

C472 1

R416

L109

R481 C467

CR440

C115 C116 R106 R103 C119 R104 R120 2 Q110 3 R173 C171 C106 C113 L104 C104 L102 SH100 CR102 C107

R253

C370 C272

R450

C271

C495 C494 J403 C493 C490 R477 C491 Q417 C441 20 22 R421 VR450 C492 CR413

L271

R406

C400

R403

R407

R476 R427

R171

U400 5 8 R401 C401 R405

C276

L116

8 3

U101

C103

C403

L253

C127

C117

L108

L243

C118

C496

3 4

C402

R243

C497

Q405

PB505

C471

C289

C473

VR449

L273 3 R339 C386

L101

C140

L115

4 3

R402

Q400

R161

C110

C114

C101

CR412

R333 C374

16

L321

L107

C102 CR101

L113 C129 C165

C125

C122

C161 C169

C166 L114 C131

C112 L106

C109 C111

VR434

L400

TP406

TP415

TP405

Figure 3-2:Circuit Board Removal and Reinstallation

3.3

Power Up Self-Test Error Codes

Turning on the radio starts a self-test routine that checks the RAM, ROM checksum, EEPROM hardware and EEPROM checksum. If these checks are successful, the radio generates two highpitched self-test pass tones. If the self-test is not successful, one low-pitched tone is heard. Radios with displays are able to display the error codes. The displayed error codes and related corrections are as follows:

If the error code displayed is ...

Then, there is a ...

To correct the problem ...

RAM TST ERROR ROM CS ERROR EEPRM HW ERROR

RAM test failure. wrong ROM checksum. codeplug structure mismatch or non existence of codeplug. wrong codeplug checksum.

retest the radio by turning it off and turning it on again. If message reoccurs, replace RAM (U405). replace ROM (U406). reprogram codeplug with correct version and retest radio. If message reoccurs, replace EEPROM (U407).

EEPRM CS ERROR

reprogram codeplug.

L105

C141

3-8

Power Up Self-Test Error Codes

If the error code displayed is ...

Then, there is a ...

To correct the problem ...

No Display

improperly connected display module or damaged display module.

check connection between main board and display module or replace with new display module.

For LTR Models:

If the error code displayed is ...

Then, there is a ...

To correct the problem ...

ESN BAD AppCode Fail EER: Watchdog Unprogrammed ERROR: NO PTG Backdoor

defective PTCB defective PTCB firmware firmware failure programming error no primary talk group ---

return to factory for PTCB replacement. reflash PTCB firmware. restart radio use CPS to properly program radio and PTCB. use CPS to program zone with a Primary Talk Group. turn radio off and restart.

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-9

3.4

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

PTT MCU Check

INT AUDIO J403 Audio NO at Pin 2 & Pin 3

Press PTT. Red LED does not light up Audio at AudioPA (U420) input YES NO

Power Up Alert Tone OK?

YES Not able to program RF Board ICs

Before replacing MCU, check SPI clock, SPI data, and RF IC select

YES NO Check Spk. Flex Connec-

Check Audio PA (U420) Audio from Pin 41 ASFIC, U404? NO

PTT U409 Pin 53 low? YES

NO

Check PB504 YES

Speaker OK?

NO

Replace Speaker

Press PTT Q502-2 High? No

YES

YES U409 EXTAL= 7.3728 MHz? Read Radio OK? YES

Check U301 LV ZIF

NO

NO

Audio at Pin 2 U404? YES Check ASFIC U404

Check Q502-2 voltage

Check Setup

NO LED should light up YES LED Q502,R501 OK? No Replace Faulty Component YES

Reprogram the correct data.

EXT PTT Radio could not PTT externally

U201 Pin 19 16.8 MHz

NO

See FGU Troubleshooting

J403 OPT_SEL_1 & OPT_SEL_2 Pin 8 & 9 low? EXT SPKR YES J403 Pin 9 low? NO Pin 8 high?

NO

Check Accessories

5V at U247? 3.3V at U248?

NO

7.5V at Pin 3/5 U247? NO 4/3.3V at Pin 1 U248 YES

Check Q400

U409 YES Pin 52, 6 low? NO

YES Check MCU U409 Reset Pin 94 High? NO

Replace U247/U248

YES

Check Accessories

See FGU Troubleshooting chart

Check any short to SWB+, Vdda or Vddd

YES MCU is OK

ASFIC U404 Pin 14 & 15 high? YES Check U420 Audio PA

NO

Check U404

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller

3-10

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

START

Bad SINAD Bad 20dB Quieting No Recovered Audio

Audio at pin 27 of U301? No

Yes

Check Controller

Induce or inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter IF Freq: 45.1MHz

Yes B Audio heard?

Check Q320 bias circuitry for faults

No Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at C363

Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Activity on U301 sel pin?

Yes B VCO locked? Check controller Yes

No Before replacing U301, check 2nd VCO Q320. Check VCO O/P level, C351, C352

No Check FGU

16.8 MHz check at pin 22 U301? Yes A

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-11

Inject RF into J101

IF Signal at L311? No Yes RF Signal at T301? No

Yes

Trace IF signal from L311 to Q302. Check for bad XTAL filter

Q302 collector OK? IF signal present?

Yes Before replacing U301, check U301 voltages; trace IF signal path

1st LO O/P OK? Locked? Yes

No Check FGU Check T301, T302, CR306, R308, R309, R310

No

Yes RF Signal at C310? No Yes RF Signal at C307? No or weak RF

Check filter between C310 & T301

Check for 2.6 VDC

Yes A

No Check RF amp (Q301) Stage Is R5 present? Yes A

Check filter between Yes C301 & C307; program filter to schematic test RF Signal at freq and check varactor C301? voltages No

No Check Q210, U201 (pin 48) voltages and U247 Yes Check varactor filter

Check harmonic filter L101 & L102 and antenna switch CR101, CR102, L104

Are varactor voltages OK?

No Check U404 voltage. U404 can be selected by MCU before replacing U404

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)

3-12

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

START

No Power

Yes

Is There B+ Bias for Ant switch

No Check Q111

Yes Is Current OK?

No

Low Is Control Voltage High or Low High Check Drive to Module Check PCIC

1. Check Pin Diodes 2. Check Harmonic Filter Is Drive OK? Inspect/Repair Tx. Output Network Yes Inspect PA Network/ Check Power Out of U101 at Cap C160 No Troubleshoot VCO

No Is Power OK? Yes Done Done

Yes

Is Power OK? No Replace U101

Yes Done

Is Power OK? No Replace Q101

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-13

Start

3.3V at U201 pins 5, 20, 34 & 36

NO

Check U248, L201 & L202

Check CR201, U210, U211, C258, C259 & C228

Correct Problem

NO

Visual check of the Board OK? YES

YES

YES 5V NO at pin 6 of CR201 NO YES Check L202 Is U201 Pin 47 NO +5V at U201 Pins 13 & 30? YES Is 16.8MHz Signal at U201 Pin 19? NO Is 16.8MHz signal at U201 pin 23? NO Replace U201

YES

Check Q260, Q261 & R260

Check 5V Regulator

YES

Check FL201, C206, C207, C208, CR203 & R204

Is U241 Pin 19 <0.7 VDC in RX & >4.3 VDC in TX?

NO

Are signals at Pins 14 & 15 of U201? YES

NO Are Waveforms at Pins 14 & 15 triangular? YES NO

YES U201 pin 2 at >3V in Tx and <0.7V in Rx YES

NO

Do Pins 7,8 & 9 of U201 toggle when channel is changed?

NO Is U201 Pin 18 NO Replace U201 NO Is there a short between Pin 47 and Pins 14 & 15 of U201? YES YES Remove Shorts

Check programming lines between U409 and U201 Pins 7,8 & 9

YES

NO

Is information from mP U409 correct?

Check uP U409 Troubleshooting Chart Is RF level at U201 Pin 32 >-30 dBm? NO If L261, C263 & C264 are OK, then see VCO troubleshooting chart

YES

Replace U201

YES

Are R231,R232, R233,C231,C232, & C233 OK?

NO

Replace or resolder necessary components

YES Replace U201

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

3-14

UHF Troubleshooting Charts

START Change U241 No Yes Yes Change L253 No LO? No Yes No Pin 10 >1V? Yes No TRB = 5V? Tx Carrier? Yes No VCO OK Check R245 for dry joint or faulty AUX 3 High? No Check U201 Pin 2 for 3.2V A V ctrl 0V or 13V? No No AUX 4 High? Check for faulty parts or dry joints of L271, L273, C370, C386, R339 & L320 No Check R260 A

L253 O/C?

Change L243 Yes Yes

Pin 19 =0V

Yes

L243 Open Circuit?

No Change U241

Change U201

Yes Change Q261

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-15

3.5

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

PTT MCU Check

INT AUDIO NO J403 Audio at Pin 2 & Pin 3

Press PTT. Red LED does not light up Audio at AudioPA (U420) input YES NO

Power Up Alert Tone OK?

YES Not able to program RF Board ICs

Before replacing MCU, check SPI clock, SPI data, and RF IC select

YES NO Check Spk. Flex Connec-

Check Audio PA (U420) Audio from Pin 41 ASFIC, U404? NO

PTT U409 Pin 53 low? YES

NO

Check PB504 YES

Speaker OK?

NO

Replace Speaker

Press PTT Q502-2 High? No

YES

YES U409 EXTAL= 7.3728 MHz? Read Radio OK? YES

Check U3220 LV ZIF

NO

NO

Audio at Pin 2 U404? YES Check ASFIC U404

Check Q502-2 voltage

Check Setup

NO LED should light up YES LED Q502,R501 OK? No Replace Faulty Component YES

Reprogram the correct data.

EXT PTT Radio could not PTT externally

U3701 Pin 19 16.8 MHz

NO

See FGU Troubleshooting

J403 OPT_SEL_1 & OPT_SEL_2 Pin 8 & 9 low? EXT SPKR YES J403 Pin 9 low? NO Pin 8 high?

NO

Check Accessories

5V at U3711? 3.3V at U3201?

NO

7.5V at Pin 3/5 U3711? NO 7.5V at Pin 1 U3201 YES

Check Q400

U409 YES Pin 52, 6 low? NO

YES Check MCU U409 Reset Pin 94 High? NO

Replace U3711/U3201

YES

Check Accessories

See FGU Troubleshooting chart

Check any short to SWB+, Vdda or Vddd

YES MCU is OK

ASFIC U404 Pin 14 & 15 high? YES Check U420 Audio PA

NO

Check U404

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller

3-16

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

START

Bad SINAD Bad 20dB Quieting No Recovered Audio

Yes Audio at pin 27 of U3220? No Induce or inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter IF Freq: 45.1MHz

Check Controller

Yes B Audio heard?

Check Q3270 bias circuitry for faults.

No Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at C3279

Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Activity on U3220 sel pin?

Yes B VCO locked? Check controller. Yes

No Before replacing U3220, check 2nd VCO Q3270. Check VCO O/P level, C3272, C3273.

No Check FGU

16.8 MHz check at pin 21 U3220? Yes

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-17

Inject RF into J3501

IF Signal at C3200? No Yes RF Signal at T3301? No

Yes

Trace IF signal from C3200 to Q3200. Check for bad XTAL filter.

Q3200 collector OK? IF signal present?

Yes Before replacing U3220, check U3220 voltages; trace IF signal path

1st LO O/P OK? Locked? Yes

No Check FGU Check T3301, T3302, CR3301, R3321, R3322, R3323

No

Yes RF Signal at R3313? No Yes RF Signal at C3306? No or weak RF

Check filter between C3313 & T3301

Check for 2.9 VDC

Yes A

No Check RF amp (Q3302) Stage. Is R5 present? Yes A

Check filter between Yes C3302 & C3306; program filter to schematic RF Signal at C3302? test freq and check varactor voltages No

No Check Q3721, U3701 (pin 48) voltages and U247 Yes Check varactor filter

Check harmonic filter L3531 & L3532, C3532 and ant. switches D3521, D3551, L3551, R3551, C3551, C3552, L3552

Are varactor voltages OK?

No Check U404 voltage and if U404 can be selected by MCU before replacing U404

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)

3-18

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

START

No Power

Yes

Is There B+ Bias for Ant switch

No

Check Q3561

Yes

No Is Current OK?

Low Is Control Voltage High or Low High Check Drive to Module Check PCIC

1. Check Pin Diodes 2. Check Harmonic Filter Is Drive OK? Inspect/Repair Tx. Output Network Yes Inspect PA Network/ Check Power Out of U3501 at Cap C3512 No Troubleshoot VCO

Is Power OK?

No

Yes Done Done

Yes

Is Power OK? No Replace U3501

Yes Done

Is Power OK? No Replace Q3501

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

3-19

Start

3.3V at U3701 pins 5, 20, 34 & 36

NO

Check U3201, L3731

Check D3701, D3702, U3701, C3701 - C3707

Correct Problem

NO

Visual check of the Board OK? YES

YES

YES 5V NO at pin 6 of D3701 NO YES Check L3701, R3701 Is U3701 Pin 47 AT = 13 VDC NO +5V at U3701 Pins 13 & 30? YES Is 16.8MHz Signal at U3701 Pin NO Is 16.8MHz signal at U3701 pin 23? NO Replace U3701

YES

Check Q260, Q261 & R260

Check 5V Regulator

YES

Check Y3761, C3761, C3762, C3763, D3761 & R3761

Is U3701 Pin 19 <0.7 VDC in RX & >4.3 VDC in TX?

NO

Are signals at Pins 14 & 15 of U3701? YES

NO Are Waveforms at Pins 14 & 15 triangular? YES NO

YES U3701 pin 2 at >3V in Tx and <0.7V in Rx YES

NO

Do Pins 7,8 & 9 of U3701 toggle when channel is changed?

Is U3701 Pin 18 AT 4.54 VDC?

NO NO Replace U3701 NO Is there a short between Pin 47 and Pins 14 & 15 of U3701? YES

Check programming lines between U409 and U3701 Pins 7,8 & 9

YES

NO

YES

Remove Shorts Check uP U409 Troubleshooting Chart

Is information from mP U409 correct?

YES

Is RF level at U3701 Pin 32 >-30 dBm?

NO

If R3727, C3726 & C3727 are OK, then see VCO troubleshooting chart

Replace U3701

YES

Are C3721, C3722,C3723, R3721, R3722, R3723 OK?

NO

Replace or resolder necessary components

YES Replace U3701

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

3-20

VHF Troubleshooting Charts

START Change U3801 No L3831, L3832, Yes L3833 O/ C? Yes No Pin 10 >1V? Yes No TRB = 3.2V? Tx Carrier? Yes No VCO OK Check R3811, L3811 for dry joint or faulty Yes

Change L3831, L3832

Yes No LO? No A

AUX 3 High? No Check U3701 Pin 2 for 3.2V A V ctrl 0V or 13V? No No AUX 3 Low?

Check R3829

Change L3821, L3822, L3823,L243 Yes Yes L3821, L3822, L3823 Open Circuit?

Pin 19 =0V

Yes

No

Check for faulty parts or dry joints of L3812 C3806, R3806, R3802 & L3801 No

Change U3801

Change U3701

Yes Change U3801

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

3-21

3.6

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

PTT Press PTT. Red LED does not light up Audio at AudioPA (U420) input YES NO MCU Check

INT AUDIO NO J403 Audio at Pin 2 & Pin 3

Power Up Alert Tone OK?

YES Not able to program RF Board ICs

Before replacing MCU, check SPI clock, SPI data, and RF IC select

YES NO Check Spk. Flex Connec-

Check Audio PA (U420) Audio from Pin 41 ASFIC, U404? NO

PTT U409 Pin 53 low? YES

NO

Check PB504 YES

Speaker OK?

NO

Replace Speaker

Press PTT CR502-2 High? No

YES

YES U409 EXTAL= 7.3728 MHz? Read Radio OK? YES

Check U303 LV ZIF

NO

NO

Audio at Pin 2 U404? YES Check ASFIC U404

Check CR502-2 voltage

Check Setup

NO LED should light up YES LED, CR502,R501 OK? No Replace Faulty Component YES

Reprogram the correct data.

EXT PTT Radio could not PTT externally

U205 Pin 19 17.0MHz

NO

See FGU Troubleshooting

J403 OPT_SEL_1 & OPT_SEL_2 Pin 8 & 9 low? EXT SPKR YES J403 Pin 9 low? NO Pin 8 high?

NO

Check Accessories

5V at U204? 3.3V at U400?

NO

7.5V at Pin 5 U204? 7.5V at Pin 8 U400 YES

NO

Check Q400

U409 YES Pin 52, 6 low? NO

YES Check MCU U409 Reset Pin 94 High? NO

Replace U204/U400

YES

Check Accessories

See FGU Troubleshooting chart

Check any short to SWB+, Vdda or Vddd

YES MCU is OK

ASFIC U404 Pin 14 & 15 high? YES Check U420 Audio PA

NO

Check U404

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller

3-22

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

START

Bad SINAD Bad 20dB Quieting No Recovered Audio

Audio at pin 27 of U303? No

Yes

Check Controller

Spray of inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter IF Freq: 109.65 MHz

Yes B Audio heard?

Check Q301 bias circuitry for faults.

No Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at C308

Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Activity on U303 sel pin?

Yes B VCO locked? Check controller. Yes

No Before replacing U303, check 2nd VCO Q301. Check VCO O/P level, C315, C316

No Check FGU

17.0 MHz check at pin 22 U303? Yes A

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

3-23

Inject RF into J101

IF Signal at L301?

Yes

Trace IF signal from L301 to U301. Check for bad XTAL filter

U301 drain OK? IF signal present?

Yes Before replacing U303, check U303 voltages; trace IF signal path

No Yes RF Signal at T501? No Yes RF Signal at collector Q509? No Yes RF Signal at C504? No or weak RF Yes Check filter between C147 & C504 Check RF amp (Q509) Stage No Troubleshoot biasing, AGC circuits and U301 Yes 1st LO O/P 310OK? Locked? No Check FGU Check T501, T502, D501, R507, R508, R509,C516,L508 Biaising on U301 OK? No

Check filter between Q509& T301

Yes A

RF Signal at C147? No

Check transmit harmonic filter, antenna switch and J101

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)

3-24

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

START

No Power

Yes

Is Current ~ 2 A?

No

Is control voltage at U101 Pin 1 > 5 Yes Check input to U101, Pin 16

No Check PCIC

1. Check Pin Diodes 2. Check Harmonic Filter 3. Check PA Bias Is voltage > 1 Vpp? Inspect/Repair Tx. Output Network Yes Check level U101, Pin 6 No Is Power OK? Yes Done No Is Power OK? Yes Done Done Replace Q101 Is Power OK? Yes No Replace U101 Check components around Q100 Yes Is level >5 Vpp? No Check components around U101 No Troubleshoot VCO

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

3-25

Start

3.3V at U205 pins 5, 20, 34 & 36

NO

Check U200 and L225

Correct Problem

NO

Visual check of the Board OK? YES

YES

Check C247, C249, C283, C284, C285, C286, D210, D211, R285, and R286

NO Is U205 Pin 47 > 12V NO YES +5V at U205 Pins 13 & 30? YES

Is 17.0 MHz Signal at U205 Pin 19? YES

NO

Is 17.0MHz signal at U201 pin 23? NO

YES

Replace U205

Check 5V Regulator

Check Y201,CR211, C236,C237,C242, R219

YES In receive, is Pin 1 < .7 V and Pin 2 > 3 Vplus in transmit is Pin 1 > 3 V and Pin 2 < .7 V? NO

Signals at Pin 14 and 15 of U205?

NO

NO YES

Do Pins 7,8 & 9 of U205 toggle when channel is changed?

Is U205, pin 18 at 4.54 VDC?

NO Replace U205

Check programming lines between U409 and U205 Pins 7,8 & 9

YES

NO YES

Is information from mP U409 correct?

Check uP U409 Troubleshooting Chart Is RF level at U205 Pin 32 >-30 dBm? NO If R234, R238 & C297 are OK, then see VCO troubleshooting chart

YES

Replace U205

YES

Are loop filter parts R224,R225,R227,R 228,R229,C256,C2 57,C259 and C260 OK?

NO

Replace or resolder necessary components

YES

Replace U201

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

3-26

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts

No TX LO or No signal at U205 Pin 32 in TX

No RX LO or No signal at U205 Pin 32 in RX

Check signal at collector of Q201

Check signal at collector of Q201

Level > +2 dBm

Yes

Check L204, L211, L212, L215, C221, C228, C229, C230,C231, C235,C297, R204, R234, R238

Yes Level > +10 dBm?

No Check signal at drain of Q203

No Check signal at drain of Q202 and Q204

Level > -3 dBm?

Yes

Replace Q201

Yes

Level > +7 dBm?

No Check C215, C216, L207, L208, L209, U203

No Check DC voltage across R203

Problem fixed?

No

Replace Q203

Replace Q202 and Q204

No Level > 500 mV ?

Yes Done

Yes Check C200, C202, C203, C222, C223, L201, L203, TR201, CR202

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-27

3.7

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

PTT
MCU Check

INT AUDIO
J403 Audio at Pin 2 & Pin 3

Press PTT. Red LED does not light up

NO

Audio at Audio PA (U420) input (U447)

YES

Power Up Alert Tone OK?

YES

Not able to program RF Board ICs

Before replacing MCU, check SPI clock, SPI data, and RF IC select

YES

Check Audio PA (U420)

PTT U409 Pin 53 low?

NO

NO

NO
Check Spk. Flex Connection Audio from Pin 41 ASFIC, U404?

YES

Check PB504

Speaker OK?

NO

Replace Speaker

NO

Press PTT Q502-2 High?

YES YES

No
Check U351 LV ZIF

YES
U409 EXTAL= 7.3728 MHz? Read Radio OK?

NO

NO Check Setup

Audio at Pin 2 U404?

Check Q502-2 voltage

YES
Check ASFIC U404 LED should light up

NO YES
LED Q502,R501 OK?

YES

Reprogram the correct data.

EXT PTT
Radio could not PTT externally

U201 Pin 19 16.8 MHz

NO

See FGU Troubleshooting

No
Replace Faulty Component

YES

J403 OPT_SEL_1 & OPT_SEL_2 Pin 8 & 9 low?

NO

Check Accessories

5V at U247? 3.3V at U248?

NO

7.5V at Pin 3/5 U247? 4/3.3V at Pin 1 U248

NO Check Q400

EXT SPKR J403 Pin 9 low? Pin NO

8 high?

YES

U409 YES Pin 52, 6 low?

YES
Check MCU

YES

Replace U247/U248

Check Accessories

U409 Reset Pin 94 High?

NO

NO

YES

See FGU Troubleshooting chart

Check any short to SWB+, Vdda or Vddd

YES NO
Check U404 MCU is OK

ASFIC U404 Pin 14 & 15 high?

YES
Check U420 Audio PA

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller

3-28

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

START

Bad SINAD Bad 20dB Quieting No Recovered Audio

Audio at pin 27 of U351? No

Yes

Check Controller

Spray or inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter IF Freq: 109.65 MHz

Yes

Check Q350 bias circuitry for faults Audio heard?

Rotate Freq. Knob No Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at R365 No Activity on U351 pin 19?

Yes

VCO locked? Check controller Yes No Before replacing U351, check 2nd VCO Q350. Check VCO O/P level, C385, C387

No Check FGU

16.8 MHz check at pin 21 of U351?

Yes

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-29

Inject RF into J101

IF Signal at L353?

Yes

Trace IF signal from L353 to U352. Check for bad XTAL filter.

Is the level of the IF signal of the output of U352 as indicated?

Yes

No

RF Signal at pin 8 of U301?

Yes

No 1st LO O/P OK? Locked? No Check FGU

Before replacing U351, check U351 voltages; trace IF signal path.

Yes No Yes RF Signal at C317? Replace filter FL301

Check U301, R320, R321, R322 Yes

Is the biasing of U352 OK?

No No or weak RF Yes Replace U352.

Are the AGC voltages without RF as indicated?

Yes RF Signal at CR300?

Yes Check RF amp (Q302) Stage.

Is R5 present?

No Check U302, U350, and CR301

No or weak RF Yes RF Signal at the input of FL300? Replace FL300.

No Check Q210, U201 (pin 48) voltages and U247

No Check harmonic filter L101 & L102 CR101, CR102, and CR300

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)

3-30

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

START

Low Power

No Power out or Low Power

No Power

No

Is overall radio current between 0.8 and 1.3 A when transmitting? No

Yes

No Replace F501

Is the fuse F501 OK?

Check L101, L102, C101, CR101 for open circuit

Is there a short circuit after C113?

Yes Yes Is the voltage at pin 4 of U102 between 2V and 5.6V? No Replace U102

Find and remove short circuit from antenna switch or harmonic filter

Yes No Is the voltage at R105 and C116 between 1.8V and 2.2V?

Replace Q101

Yes

Is the voltage at pin 32 of U102 between 6V and 9V?

No

Yes Replace U101 No Is the voltage at pins 6, 5, 8, 9 of U101 between 5.5V and 7.5V?

Yes

Is the voltage at pin 24 of U102 between 2V and 5V for High Power, 0V for Low Power?

No

Troubleshoot VCO

Yes

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-31

Start

3.3V at U201 pins 5, 20, 34 & 36

NO

Check U248 & L202

Check D201, D202, C244, C245, C246 & C247.

Correct Problem

NO

Visual check of the Board OK? YES

YES

YES 5V at pin 6 of D201 NO YES Check L200 Check 5V Regulator Are the waveforms at Pins 14 &15 of U201 rectangular? YES YES NO Do Pins 7,8 & 9 of U201 toggle when channel is changed? Check FL201, C235, C237, C236, CR203 & R211. NO Are Waveforms at Pins 14 & 15 triangular? NO NO Is U201 Pin 47 AT = 13 VDC NO +5V at U201 Pins 13 & 30? YES Is 16.8MHz Signal at U201 Pin 19? NO Is 16.8MHz signal at U201 pin 23? NO Replace U201

YES

YES

Is U201 Pin 28 at 4.6 VDC?

NO Replace U201

NO

Is there a short between Pin 47 and Pins 14 & 15 of U201? YES

Check programming lines between U409 and U201 Pins 7,8 & 9

YES

NO

YES

Remove Shorts Check uP U409 Troubleshooting Chart

Is information from P U409 correct?

YES

Is RF level at U201 Pin 32 as indicated?

NO

If L203, C227 & C228 are OK, then see VCO troubleshooting chart

Replace U201

YES

Are C226, R209, R210, L204, C231, C220, C225, C218, R216, and R217 OK?

NO

Replace or resolder defective components

YES Replace U201

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

3-32

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

START

VCO is OK.

Yes

Is Tx signal present at the PA driver IC, U101?

Yes

Is LO signal present at the mixer IC U301?

No

No

Resolder or replace U205.

No
Is resonator IC U205 soldered OK?

Is resonator IC U206 soldered OK?

No

Resolder or replace U206.

Yes No

Yes

Check the 4.6V biasing circuitry and pin 28 of U201.

No

Is the 4.6V VSF voltage present at pins 3, 18, & 14 of U250?

Is the 4.6V VSF voltage present at pins 3, 18, & 14 of U250?

Check the 4.6V biasing circuitry and pin 28 of U201.

Yes

Troubleshoot the Synthesizer.

Troubleshoot the Synthesizer.

Yes
Is TRB pin 19 of U250 low? Is TRB pin 19 of U250 high?

No

No

No

Is pin 3 (AUX4) of U250 low?

Is pin 2 (AUX3) of U201 high?

No

Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Check Q252 and Q200. Is the 1.9V present at R266 as indicated?

No
Replace U250.

No
Replace U250.

Is the 1.9V present at R265 as indicated?

Check Q252 and Q200.

Replace U250.

Yes

Replace U250.

No

Yes No
Is the steering line voltage VCTRL 0V or 13V?

Yes

Is the PRESC RF level at C227 as indicated?

Yes

Is the steering line voltage VCTRL 0V or 13V?

Is the PRESC RF level at C227 as indicated?

No

Yes

Yes

No
Is the LO RF level at C253 about 0dBm? Is the Tx RF level at C254 about 0dBm?

No
Replace U250.

No
Replace U250.

Yes

Yes
Are the bias voltages of Q304 as indicated?

Yes
Rx VCO OK.

Yes
Tx VCO OK.

Are the bias voltages of Q251 as indicated?

No

Check Q251 and its bias circuitry.

No
Check Q304 and its bias circuitry.

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart

3-33

3.8

PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart

Start

Check Radio Operation on a Non PassPort Zone with a Conventional Personality without the Option Board Enabled

OK? Yes

No

Check Radio PassPort Programming using CPS

Check Switched Battery and Vdd from Radio on PTCB

OK?

No Yes

Check Radio PassPort Programming using CPS Yes

Rx Demod on J601-6? Yes Install and Reprogram a new PassPort Trunking Controller Board No Tx Mod on J601-10?

No

Yes

Repair Radio

3-34

Keypad Troubleshooting Chart

3.9

Keypad Troubleshooting Chart

Disconnect and reconnect 18-pin flex START Disconnect and reconnect 40-pin flex

OFF

ON Display End

IF STILL OFF OFF Keypad LED ON

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-35

3.10 900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

PTT

INT AUDIO
J403 Audio at Pin 2 & Pin 3.

Press PTT. Red LED does not light up.

NO

Audio at Audio PA (U420) input (C447).

YES

YES

Check Audio PA (U420).

PTT U409 Pin 53 low?

NO

NO
Check Spk. Flex Connection. Audio from Pin 41 ASFIC, U404?

YES

Check PB504.

NO

Press PTT Q502-2 High?

YES

No YES
Audio at Pin 2 U404? Check Q502-2 voltage.

YES YES
Audio from Pin F4, HC, U851? Check ASFIC U404. LED should light up.

YES

EXT PTT
Radio could not PTT externally.

LED Q502,R501 OK?

NO

No
Replace Faulty Component.

NO

Audio at Pin E4 U851?

YES
Check HC U851.

J403 OPT_SEL_1 & OPT_SEL_2 Pin 8 & 9 low?

NO

Check Accessories.

EXT SPKR

YES
J403 Pin 9 low? Pin 8 high?

NO

U409 YES Pin 52, 6 low?

Check MCU.

Check U351 LV ZIF.

Check Accessories

NO

YES

See FGU Troubleshooting chart.

ASFIC U404 Pin 14 & 15 high?

NO

Check U404.

YES
Check U420 Audio PA.

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 1 of 2)

3-36

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

MCU Check.

Power Up Alert Tone OK?

YES

Not able to program RF Board ICs.

Before replacing MCU, check SPI clock, SPI data, and RF IC select.

NO

Speaker OK?

NO Replace Speaker.

YES

YES
U409 EXTAL= 7.3728 MHz? Read Radio OK?

NO

Check Setup.

NO

YES

Reprogram the correct data.

U201 Pin 19 16.8 MHz.

NO

See FGU Troubleshooting.

YES

5V at U202? 3.3V at U203?

NO

7.5V at Pin 3/5 U202? 4/3.3V at Pin 1 U203.

NO Check Q400.

YES

YES

Replace U202/U203.

U409 Reset Pin 94 High?

NO

Check any short to SWB+, Vdda or Vddd.

YES
MCU is OK.

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 2 of 2)

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-37

START

Bad SINAD. Bad 20dB Quieting. No Recovered Audio.

Audio at pin 27 of U351? No

Yes

Check Controller.

Spray or inject 1st IF into XTAL Filter. IF Freq: 109.65 MHz

Yes

Check Q350 bias circuitry for faults Audio heard?

Rotate Freq. Knob No Check 2nd LO Control Voltage at R365 No Activity on U351 pin 19?

Yes

VCO locked? Check controller Yes No Before replacing U351, check 2nd VCO Q350. Check VCO O/P level, C385, C387.

No Check FGU

16.8 MHz check at pin 21 of U351?

Yes

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

3-38

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

Inject RF into J101.

IF Signal at L353?

Yes

Trace IF signal from L353 to U352. Check for bad XTAL filter

Is the level of the IF signal of the output of U352 as indicated?

Yes

No

RF Signal at pin 8 of U301?

Yes

No 1st LO O/P OK? Locked? No Check FGU

Before replacing U351, check U351 voltages; trace IF signal path

Yes No Yes RF Signal at C317? Replace filter FL301

Check U301, R320, R321, R322. Yes

Is the biasing of U352 OK?

No No or weak RF Yes Replace U352

Are the AGC voltages without RF as indicated?

Yes RF Signal at CR300?

Yes Check RF amp (Q302) Stage.

Is R5 present?

No Check U302, U350, and CR301

No or weak RF Yes RF Signal at the input of FL300? Replace FL300

No Check Q210, U201 (pin 48) voltages and U247

No Check harmonic filter L101 & L102 CR101, CR102, and CR300

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 2 of 2)

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

3-39

START

Low Power

No Power out or Low Power.

No Power

Check C163, C127, and C142 for open circuit.

Yes Replace parts. No

Is overall radio current between 0.8 and 1.3 A when transmitting? No

Yes

No

Replace F501.

No

Is the fuse F501 OK?

Check L104, L105, C120, CR101 for open circuit.

Is there a short circuit after C113?

Yes Yes Is the voltage at pin 4 of U102 between 2V and 5.6V? No Replace U102.

Find and remove short circuit from antenna switch or harmonic filter.

Yes No Is the voltage at R105 and C116 between 1.8V and 2.2V?

Replace Q101

Yes

Is the voltage at pin 32 of U102 between 6V and 9V?

No

Yes Replace U101. No Is the voltage at pins 6, 5, 8, 9 of U101 between 5.5V and 7.5V?

Yes

Is the voltage at pin 24 of U102 between 2V and 5V for High Power, 0V for Low Power?

No

Troubleshoot VCO

Yes

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

3-40
START

900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

Start VCO is OK.

Yes

Is Tx signal present at the PA driver IC, U101?

Yes

Is LO signal present at the mixer IC U301? Visual check of the Board OK? YES

No

3.3V at U201 pins 5, 20, 34 & 36.

NO

Check U248 & L202.

YES

Check D201, D202, C244, C245, C246 & C247.

Correct Problem.

NO

No

Resolder or replace U205.

No
Is resonator FL201 soldered OK? Is 16.8MHz Signal at U201 Pin 19? NO Is 16.8MHz signal at U201 pin 23? Replace U201.

YES 5V at pin 6 of D201. NO YES Check L200. NO Is U201 Pin 47 AT = 13 VDC Is resonator FL202 soldered OK?

No

Resolder or replace U206. NO +5V at U201 Pins 13 & 30? YES

Yes

YES

YES

Yes
Check 5V Regulator. Are the waveforms at Pins 14 &15 of U201 rectangular? YES

Check the 4.6V biasing circuitry and pin 28 of U201.

No

Is the 4.6V VSF voltage present at pins 3, 18, & 14 of U250?

NO No Is the 4.6V Check the 4.6V VSF voltage biasing circuitry present at pins and pin 28 of U201. Check Y201, C235, 3, 18, & 14 of C237, C236, CR203 U250? & R211.

NO

Yes
Are Waveforms at Pins 14 & 15 triangular? Is TRB pin 19 YES U250 low? of NO NO

Troubleshoot the Synthesizer.

Troubleshoot the Synthesizer.

Yes

No

No
Is TRB pin 19 of U250 high? Is pin 2 (AUX3) of U201 high?

No

Yes Yes
Replace U201. Is the 1.9V present at R266 as indicated? NO Check programming lines between U409 and Is Pins 7,8 No U201the 1.9V & 9. present at R265as indicated? NO

Is pin 3 No Do Pins 7,8 &(AUX4) of 9 U250 low? of U201 toggle when channel is changed?

Yes
YES Check Q252 and Q200.

Yes

Is U201 Pin 28 at 4.6 VDC?

NO

Check Q252 and Q200. YES Replace U250.

No
Replace U250.

Is there a short between Pin 47 Replace U250. and Pins 14 & 15 of U201? YES Remove Shorts.

Yes
Check uP U409 Troubleshooting Is the Chart. steering line voltage VCTRL 0V or 13V?

Replace U250. Is information from P U409 correct? No

Yes No
Is RF level at U201 Is the PRESC Pin 32 as at RF level indicated? C227 as indicated? YES If L203, C227 & C228 NO are OK, then see VCO Yes Is the steering troubleshooting chart. line voltage VCTRL 0V or 13V?

YES Is the PRESC RF level at C227 as indiReplace U201 cated?

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No
Is the LO RF level at C253 about 0dBm?

No
Replace U250.

Are C226, R209, No R210, L204, C231, Replace U250. C801, C802, C803, C804, C805, C225, C218, R216, and R217 OK?

Is NOthe Tx RF level at C254 about 0dBm?

Replace or resolder defective components.

Yes

Yes
YES Replace U201. Yes Tx VCO OK. Are the bias voltages of Q304 as indicated?

Yes
Rx VCO OK.

Are the bias voltages of Q251 as indicated?

No

Check Q251 and its bias circuitry.

No
Check Q304 and its bias circuitry. Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

4-1

Chapter 4 Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists

4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides schematic diagrams, overlays, and parts lists for the radio circuit boards and interface connections.

4.1.1 Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards

* Component is frequency sensitive. Refer to the Electrical Parts List for value and usage. 1. Unless otherwise stated, resistances are in Ohms (k = 1000), and capacitances are in picofarads (pF) or microfarads (F). 2. DC voltages are measured from point indicated to chassis ground using a Motorola DC multimeter or equivalent. Transmitter measurements should be made with a 1.2 H choke in series with the voltage probe to prevent circuit loading. 3. Reference Designators are assigned in the following manner: 100 Series = Transmitter 200 Series = Frequency Generation 300 Series = Receiver 400/500 Series = Controller and Low-Band Receiver Front End 600 Series = Keypad Board 4. Interconnect Tie Point Legend: UNSWB+ = Unswitched Battery Voltage (7.5V) SWB+ = Switched Battery Voltage (7.5V) R5 = Receiver Five Volts CLK = Clock Vdda = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for analog) Vddd = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for digital) CSX = Chip Select Line (not for LVZIF) SYN = Synthesizer DACRX = Digital to Analog Voltage (For Receiver Front End Filter) VSF = Voltage Super Filtered (5 volts) VR = Voltage Regulator

4-2

SIDE 1 LAYER 1 (L1) LAYER 2 (L2) LAYER 3 (L3) LAYER 4 (L4) LAYER 5 (L5) LAYER 6 (L6) SIDE 2

INNER LAYERS

6-LAYER CIRCUIT BOARD DETAIL VIEWING COPPER STEPS IN PROPER LAYER SEQUENCE

4.2

Flex Layout
40 <- TO KP

Front Metal View from Top side

8480475Z02 REV A J100
C

98

TO CTRL ->

Figure 4-1: Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex

40 J200

4-3

4.2.1 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic

KEYPAD J100
EXT_MIC VS_CS SW_B+ Vddd VS_AUDSEL Det_Aud_Snd Rx_Aud_Rtn Tx_Aud_Snd Tx_Aud_Rtn Flat_Tx_Rtn Opt_Bd_En Rdy/Req Rx_Aud_Snd ON INT_EXT_Vdd Key_Row Key_Col PTT KEY_INT VS_INT RESET LED_EN OFF_BATT_DATA_OUT VS_GAINSEL SrD_Rtn (MISO) SrD_Snd (DATA) R_W LCD_SEL DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7 A0 SCK_Snd (CLK) VS_RAC Gnd 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTROLLER J200
40 EXT_MIC 39 VS_CS 38 SW_B+ 37 Vddd 36 VS_AUDSEL 35 Det_Aud_Snd 34 Rx_Aud_Rtn 33 Tx_Aud_Snd 32 Tx_Aud_Rtn 31 Flat_Tx_Rtn 30 Opt_Bd_En 29 Rdy/Req 28 Rx_Aud_Snd 27 ON 26 INT_EXT_Vdd 25 Key_Row 24 Key_Col 23 PTT 22 KEY_INT 21 VS_INT 20 RESET 19 LED_EN 18 OFF_BATT_DATA_OUT 17 VS_GAINSEL 16 SrD_Rtn (MISO) 15 SrD_Snd (DATA) 14 R_W 13 LCD_SEL 12 DB0 11 DB1 10 DB2 9 DB3 8 DB4 7 DB5 6 DB6 5 DB7 4 A0 3 SCK_Snd (CLK) 2 VS_RAC 1 Gnd
FL0830765O

Figure 4-2: Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic Diagram

4.2.2 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Parts List

Reference Symbol

Motorola Part No.

Description

J100 J200

0980521Z01 0905505Y04

Connector, 40 pin Speaker, 20 ohm

4-4

4.2.3 Universal Flex Connector

J403

20

FL0830768O

VIEWED FROM SIDE 1

C402

B ver 30Z9450848

89

J415 J413 J411 J409 J407 J405

J416 J414 J412 J410 J408 J406 J404

M401

FL0830767O

M400

Front Metal View From Top Side

Back Metal View From Top Side

Figure 4-3:Universal Flex Connector

4-5

4.2.4 Universal Connector Flex Schematic

M400 SPKR_20 SPKR_20 J403 20 PIN CONN 1 2 13 PIN UNIVERSAL CONN EXT_SPKR+ EXT_SPKOPT_B+ EXT_MIC OPT_SEL_2 OPT_SEL_1 GND RX_DATA TX_DATA J404 J405 J406 J407 J408 J409 J410 J411 J412 SPKR_20 SPKR_20 OPT_B+30 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 RSSI RX_AUDIO/TX_AUDIO BOOT_CTRL NC J413 J414 J415 J416 M401 1 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 GND INT_SPK+ INT_SPKEXT_SPKR+ EXT_SPKDPT_B+ EXT_MIC OPT_SEL_2 OPT_SEL_1 GND RX_DATA TX_DATA GND RSSI RX_AUDIO/TX_AUDIO BOOT_CTRL NC MIC GND GND

C402 100pF

Figure 4-4: Universal Flex Connector Schematic Diagram

4.2.5 Universal Flex Connector Parts List

Reference Symbol

Motorola Part No.

Description

C402 M400 M401 M401

2113740A55 5085962A02 5013920A04 5005227J08 8480549Z01

Cap, 100pF Speaker, 20 ohm Microphone for 5000 and 7000 Series Microphone for 9000 Series Flex, Speaker Microphone

4-6

VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

VIEWED FROM SIDE 1
R615 R614

R617

R616

M604 D601 D602

M605

M606

R610

R609 R608 R607

R620

R621

M607
R605 R604 R603 R602

M608

M609

R626

J602
18

C614

R606

4.2.6 Keypad Top and Bottom Overlays

M610 D604

M611 D605

M612

C616

R619

R647

R648

R649

R631

R601

Top View

Q603

R618

R613

C609

R612

R611

R630 R625

R639 R641 R643 R645

R628

R644 R642 R640 R638

U602

Bottom View
M613
Q602 Q601

M614

M615

M616 D603

M617 D606

R633

R637

C610

C615 R646

R622 C611

R634

Figure 4-5: Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays

R632 R629 R627

M618

M619
40

M620

M621

2 J601

39 C612 C613
FL0830719O

FL0830720O

MANUAL REVISION

Professional Radio 6881088C46-D PRO Series Detailed Service Manual

This revision outlines changes that have occurred since the printing of your manual. Use this information to supplement your manual.

REVISION CHANGE:
On page 4-6, the bottom view of Figure 4-5 (in Section 4.2.6, Keypad Top and Bottom Overlays) should appear as shown below:

R629

R627

R626

J602

2 J601 39 40 C612 C613

VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

18

R620

R606

R632 Q603

Bottom View
Figure 4-5: Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays

Q602

Q601

*FMR-2016A-1*
2002 by Motorola, Inc. Commercial, Government and Industrial Solutions Sector 8000 W. Sunrise Blvd., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33322 Printed in U. S. A. 4/02. All Rights Reserved.

C610

R637

R622 C611

C615 R646

R634 R633 U602

R639 R641 R643 R645

R628

R644 R642 R640 R638 R612 C609 R613 R611 R630 R625 R618 R648 R619 C616 R647 R649 R631 R601 C614 R604 R603 R605 R621 R602 R609 R608 R607 R610 R617 R616 R615 R614

FMR-2016A-1
4-2-02