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kY nf jypfru
I sL;vGeaf om
cdk;olukd zrf;jyyguke\
f / tuREfkyo
f nf a,musmf ;udk
touf&iS pf Ofyif tdk;xnf
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om;a&jzifhyw
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aomf rD;yHkBuD;ay:odkY wif rD;wdkuu
f keaf vmh}} [k cdki;f apyg
onf/
rD;wdkuNf yD; xdka,musmf ;aoNyD[k odaomtcg tdk;udk
ajz;ni;f pGmzGih
f cdk;ol\xGuo
f mG ;aom toufukd jrifyg\
avm? MunfhMuyguke}f } [k MunfhMuaomfvnf; xGuo
f Gm;
aom toufukd rjrif&yguke?f odkYjzpf aoqHk;NyD; aemuf
b0r&SEd kdiyf g[k NrdKUpm;u avQmuf\/
t&Siu
f yu ]]NrdKUpm; odkYjzpfvQif oifonf
aeYtcsdef tyef;ajztdyfpufaepOf om,maom O,smOf
om,maom e,fajr? om,maom a&uefwkdYukd tdyrf uf
rufzl;ygtHh}} [k ar; NrdKUpm;u rufzl;ygonf[k ajz\/
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
31
30
Munfvifarmif
32
Munfvifarmif
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
33
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
35
34
Munfvifarmif
36
Munfvifarmif
yxrvSn;f pcef;cs&mwGiv
f nf; jrpfxif;wdu
kY kd rawGU
&uke/f 'kw,
d wwd,pcef;cs&mwGiv
f nf; jrufxif;a&wdu
kY kd
rawGU&uke/f pwkw? yr? q|r vSn;f pce;cs&mwdkY
vSn;f jrufxif;a&wdkYukd rawGU&uke/f owrpcef;wGiv
f nf;
jrufxif;a&wdku
Y kd rawGU&uke/f vlwkEYd iS t
hf wl EGm;wdkyY g tvHk;
pHkaoaMuysupf ;D &av\/ vla,mifaqmifb;D vl;tzGUJ wko
Yd nf
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'kw,
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f u
G o
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MumNyD[kwGuq
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wif c&D;xGucf Jh\/ ESp&f ufoHk;&uf c&D;a&mufaomtcg
eDaomrsupf jd zifh pdkpGwaf omt0wf? pdkpGwaf omvSn;f wdkYukd
&ifqkid af wGU&\/ 'kw,
d vSn;f rSL;u a&SUc&D;udkar;\/ vSn;f
orm;u a&SU rdk;BuD;&Gm\/ jrufxif;a&wdkYaygrsm;\/ jruf
xif;a&ta[mif;wdkYukd pGeYfypf ayghyg;aomvSn;f wdkYjzifh
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'kw,
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wdk\
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roifh? jrufxif;a&wdkYukd rpGeUf bJ oGm;uket
f Hh}} [kqkdvsuf
c&D;qufcJhMu\/
10
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
37
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
39
38
Munfvifarmif
40
Munfvifarmif
11
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
41
42
t&Siu
f yu EGm; qdwf Muuf 0uf ow0gwdku
Y kd
owfvSLjcif;onf tusK;d rrsm;yg/ tvSLcH yk*Kd vfwkdYonf
vnf; rSepf Gmjrifjcif;? Mum;jcif;? ajymjcif;? tm;xkwjf cif;
&St
d yf\/ odkYrSom tusK;d rsm;\[k rdeUf qkd\/ trGet
f jrwf
ypn;f 0wKudk vSLtyf\/ tvSLudk tdktaojyK vSLtyf
\/ rdrv
d ufjzifh udk,w
f kdiv
f SLtyf\/ ypfypfcgcgrjyKbJ
tav;tjrwfjyK vSLtyf\/
ygod,NrdKUpm;0wK NyD;yg\
Munfvifarmif
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
43
udk,t
f av;csed x
f ed ;f odr;f jcif;ESihf aq;ynmpmtkyu
f kdawGU
iSm;&rf;zwfIcJhygonf/ vufawGUatmifjrifcJhaom udk,f
tav;csed af vQmhcsenf;udk azmfjyvdkygonf/
pmtkyfwGif udk,ftav;csdefavQmhcsa&;twGuf
tao;pdwf aqG;aEG; a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ t0vGef
jcif;onf tqDydkrsm;aejcif;jzpfaMumif;? udk,fcEmtqDydk
rsm;vQif rsm;oavmuf usef;rma&;xdcdkufapEdkifaMumif;
azmfjyxm;ygonf/
wpfaeYwm pm;oHk;oifhonfh tpm;tpmrsm;udk
yrmPenf;enf; tBudrfrsm;rsm;cGJ pm;oHk;oifhaMumif;?
tvkyv
f kyo
f jzifhvnf;aumif;? udk,v
f ufvIy&f Sm; avhusihf
cef;jyKvkyo
f jzifhvnf;aumif;? ukecf rf;aom tm;tifyrmP
xuf tpm;tpmyrmP ydkrkdygu 0vmrnfjzpfaMumif;?
cg;vHk;ywfonf wifvHk;ywfxuf avsmhenf;oifhaMumif;?
pdwaf useyfaysm&f Tirf I&onftxd Adkut
f jynfhpm;aomufjcif;
onf t0vGeaf paMumif;? tpm;tpmtrsm;tjym;pm;oHk;NyD;
pdwx
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vTw&f efvkdaMumif;? tqmcHonfhtavhtusihEf Sihf tm;upm;
jyKvkyo
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Munfvifarmif
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ud,
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t0rvGe&f ef tNrJBudK;yrf;ae&ol? owd&Sad eolwpfOD;jzpfyg
onf/ t0vGeo
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a&m*g? aoG;wdk;a&m*g&Muolrsm;udkvnf; rMumcP awGU
jrifae&ygonf/ odkYjzpf t0vGerf I umuG,&f ef udk,f
tav;csed af vQmhcs&ef uRefawmfhtaejzifh rsm;pGm pdw0f ifpm;
rdcJh&ygonf/
uRefawmfonf pmzwf0goemygolwpfOD;jzpf
vnf; tcsed &f wdki;f pmtkyrf sm;udk &SmazG0,f,liSm;&rf; zwfI
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44
Munfvifarmif
12
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
45
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
47
46
Munfvifarmif
48
Munfvifarmif
13
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
49
touf0Zd ed u
f kd apmifha&Smufonfjzpf El;nHhpGm jznf;jznf;
aES;aES; ajrUajrUaxG;axG; tpmaMuusuf&awmhonfom
wnf;/ kyef mrf&ifhwnf touf&Sn&f awmhonfomwnf;/
aumovrif;BuD;onf *gxmudk oif,ljcif;iSm
rpGr;f Edki/f teD;wnf&Sad om wlawmfjzpfonfh ok'e
rnfaom vkvifukd ]]wlarmif *gxmudk oif,lyg}}
[k ajymav\/ xdkvkvifonf *gxmudk oif,lNyD;vQif
]]tb,fokdY jyK&ygoenf;}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ar;
avQmufaomtcg bk&m;&Sio
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0efcH naecsrf;aomtcg xdk*gxmudk&Gwfqdkojzifh
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twGuftm;jzifh qefaphwdkYudk EIwfy,fav\/ rif;BuD;
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
51
50
Munfvifarmif
52
Munfvifarmif
onf}}
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rdeYfrSmcsurf sm;onf ,cktcsed x
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53
Amv0*? tnw&yk&o
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tm; wefqmqifNyD;pD;eif; Edkiif HukdvSnhv
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wpfOD;\r,m;onf wHcg;udkzGih
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f kduMf um;odkY
0ifouJhokdY rif;uxif\/ rif;onf xdkred ;f rtm; wyfruf
aompdwjf zpf qif\ausmuke;f wGif vdrhfusrnfuJhokdY jzpf
\/ odkYjzpf eef;awmfokdY0if teD;uyfvkduyf gaom trwf
udkajym\/ igjrifaomrde;f rwpfa,mufukd jrifoavm/
rde;f r vif&S?d r&Sd oGm;pHkprf;avmh/ trwfrSpHkprf;NyD; vif&Sd
aMumif;avQmufwif\/ rif;u vkvifukad c:ap a,musmf ;
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
55
oHk;Budr&f Gwq
f kd\/ xdktcg e*g;rif;onf vltkdtoGiaf qmif
ukrk'&mMumyef;ESihf tkP0wDajrudk,lay;\/
rif;onf vlwdkUonf tBuHOmPfrsm;\/ rif;c
a,musfm;onf wpfenf;enf;jzifh ukrk'&mMumyef;ESifh
tkP0wDajrudk &cJv
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d &f ef rSmxm;
\/ rif;ca,musmf ;onf tcsed rf D NrdKUwHcg;odkYa&mufaomf
vnf; 0ifcGihfr&/ wHcg;rS0ifcGihfr&aomf ao&awmhrnfjzpf
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wdkY rif;cdki;f apwJhtwdki;f igvkyu
f kdicf Jhw,f/ ighukd zsuq
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rif;u BuHpnfcJhw,fvkdY atmf[pfw,f/ b,fukdoGm;&rvJ
pOf;pm;NyD; &[ef;oHCmwdkYonf El;nHhaomESvkH;om;&So
d nf/
ausmif;odko
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wpfae&mwGiftdyf\/ odkY&mwGif tdyfr&/ rif;uvnf;
eHeufwGif xdka,musmf ;udkowf 4if;rde;f rudk,l&ef BuHpnf
xm;onf/ xdktcsdefwGifyif ,lZem(60)tus,f&Sdaom
avm[ukriD &J a,musmf ;av;a,mufwko
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54
Munfvifarmif
56
Munfvifarmif
15
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
57
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
59
58
Munfvifarmif
60
Munfvifarmif
rm;pGmxdwv
f efo
Y nfjzpf\/ olwpfyg;r,m;udk usL;vGejf cif;
onf tjypfBuD;ygwum;/ igonf olwpfyg;r,m;udk wyf
ruf a0'emcHpm;&\/ ,ck csppf w
d u
f kyd ,ftBhH uH\/ bk&m;
udk &Scd kd; eef;awmfokdYjyefNyD; owftHh[kzrf;qD;xm;aom
vlow0gwdkYukd vGwaf p\/ rvu
d mrdzk&m;udkvnf; jynfol
trsm;u aus;Zl;pum;udkqkdMu\/ BuHpnfcJhaomvkvifukd
vnf; uRwfap\/
tnw&yk&o
d 0wK NyD;\/
rvu
d mzdzk&m;onf ,ckb0om vlow0gwdkY\
toufukd u,fonfr[kw/f ,cifb0uvnf; u,fcJh\/
anmifyifapmifhewftm; rif;om;wpfyg;u rif;tjzpf&ygu
wpf&mhwpfyg;aomrif;ESihf rdzk&m;rsm;\vnfacsmif;aoG;jzifh
ylaZmfrnf[kwkdiw
f nf\/ rif;jzpfNyD; wpf&mhwpfyg;aomrif;
ESihf rdzk&m;rsm;udkzrf; ,pfyal Zmf&efppD Of\/ ti,fqkH;rif;\
rdzk&m;onf owfrnfhrif;ESihf ewftm;&Srd cdk;bJ rdrv
d if rif;
udkom&Scd kd; &,fvnf;&,f? idkvnf;idk\/ anmifyifukdrD;
wdkuaf omf ewfonf rD;Nidr;f &ef wwfEkdirf nfavmar;\/
owfrnfhrif;u bmaMumifh&,fonf/ idkonfudkar;\/
rdzk&m;u idk&onfrSm toifrif;udkoem;jzpf\/ rdro
d nf
16
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
61
a&S;b0u qdww
f pfaumifukdowf {nfhonfrsm;udk csuf
auR;rd xdkqw
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rsm;udkowfvQif i&JrSvGwyf gOD;rnfavm[k pOf;pm;rd idkrd
ygonf/ &,f&onfrSm ,ckb0 ,cifqw
d o
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d
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[kajz\/ odkYjzpf rif;onf wpf&mhwpfyg;aomrif;ESihf
rdzk&m;rsm;udkvGwfap\/ toufab;rSvGwfaomrif;ESifh
rdzk&m;BuD;rsm;onf i,faomrdzk&m;udk&Sdcdk; wdkif;jynf
toD;oD;odkY jyefMuuke\
f / i,faomrdzk&m;onf rvu
d m
rdzk&m;jzpf\/
tdyrf aysmaf omoltm; nonf&Sn\
f / c&D;yifyef;
aomoltm; c&D;onf&Sn\
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ol vlrkdut
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f [k jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif
a[mawmfrl\/
Munfvifarmif
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
63
62
Munfvifarmif
rwubwZmwf
(olwpfyg;touf rowftyfaMumif;)
ypKyef0wK
bk&m;&Sio
f nf aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;
aeawmfrlpOf Zmwfukd aoolukd&nfpl; vSLtyfaom
qGr;f udktaMumif;jyK a[mawmfrt
l yfNyD/ xdktcsed u
f mvwGif
vlwkdYonf rsm;pGmaom qdwf ponfhw&d pmefwkdYukdowf
aovGeNf yD;aom aqGrsK;d wdkYukd&nfpl; ay;vSLuke\
f / &[ef;
wdkYonf xdkokdYjyKvkyu
f keaf omvlwkdYukdjrif bk&m;&Sit
f m;
ar;avQmufMuonf/ odkY rsm;pGmaomow0gwd\
kY touf
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aom wpfpkw
H pfckaomtusK;d pD;yGm;onfr&S/d a&S;ynm&Sd t&Sif
jrwfrsm;onf txufaumif;uifae w&m;a[mcJhNyD;NyD/
64
Munfvifarmif
vkvifwkdYu qdwu
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vnf;&,fNyD idkvnf;idkNyD/ tb,fhaMumifhenf;/ toifwkdY
onf taMumif;udk q&mykPm ;a&SUa&mufrS ar;Muavmh
[k qdwu
f ajzonf/ vkvifwkdYonf qdwu
f kd q&mykPm ;
xHokdY ydkYNyD; taMumif;udk q&mocifokdY ajym\/ q&m
ykPm ;u qdwu
f kd tb,fah Mumifh &,fonf? idkonfukad r;&m
qdwu
f twdwZf mwfukdoad omOmPfjzifh atmufarh ig
onf a&S;u oifuo
hJ kYd aA'if&w
G zf wfwwfaom ykPm ;jzpfchJ
aoaomoltwGuf qGr;f vSL&ef qdww
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onf/
xdkYaMumifh av;&mudk;q,fhukd;b0 acgif;jzwfcHcJh&
onf/ ,ckb0onf ig;&mjynfh 'kurSvGw&f awmh
rnf/ ,aeYonf aemufqHk;acgif;jzwfcH&rnfhaeYjzpf 0rf;
ajrmuf&,fonf/ igonf acgif;jzwfcH&onfhb0ig;&mrS
vGwNf yD; ykPm ;rSmrl ighukdowf iguJhokdYb0ig;&m acgif;
jzwfc&H vwUH onfukjd rif igidkonf/ xdktcg q&mykPm ;u
tcsif;qdwfraMumufESifh/ oifhudk igrowfNyD[kajym\/
qdwu
f ,aeY oifowfaomfvnf;aumif;? rowfaomf
vnf;aumif; igao&rnfomjzpfonf[kajym&m q&mykP;
17
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
65
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
67
66
Munfvifarmif
<uufaowpfct
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oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlaomtcg &Sipf lVyef&[ef;\ a&S;b0
taMumif;udk a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
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jA['wfrif;BuD;onf rif;jyKcJhyg\/ xdktcg bk&m;avmif;
onf Opm<u,f0csr;f omaom plVurnfaom olaX;jzpfcJh
yg\/ tvGev
f nf;vdrrf monf/ ynmvnf;BuD;rm;\/ tvHk;
pHkaom twwfynmrsm;udkvnf; wwfajrmuf\/ xdkplVu
olaX;onf aeYwpfaeY rif;xHrScpm;NyD; jyefvmcJh&m vrf;
usaeaom <uufaowpfaumifukd awGUav\/
xdktcg olaX;u ynmrsupf &d Sad om trsK;d onf
<uufaoudk t&if;xm; pD;yGm;&SmygvQif pD;yGm;a&;
68
Munfvifarmif
18
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
69
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm;
71
70
Munfvifarmif
0d&,
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<u,f0csrf;omvmav\/
bk&m;&Siu
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a[mav\/
tyau emyd? arpm0D? ygbawe 0dpuaum?
orkXmaywd twmeH? tPHk t*0 oErH/
txufyg*gxm\ teuft"dyg,fum; a&mif;0,f
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108
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wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 113
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wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 115
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f yf
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av;rsK;d &Sw
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114
Munfvifarmif
116
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30
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 117
rSm;aomt,l rSm;aomtusihf
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118
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xdt
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120
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31
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 121
MumjrifhrI? ae&ma'oa0;uGmrIrsm;aMumifh urmht&yfa'o
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taMumufw&m;wdkYaMumifhjzpfonfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 123
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taMumufw&m;wdkYukd BuHKawGU&ayonf/ tqdkygtaMumuf
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122
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todynmjynfh0rIwGif Ak'bk&m;&Si\
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124
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32
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 125
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 127
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126
Munfvifarmif
128
Munfvifarmif
33
wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 129
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wpfoufwmpJGrSwf&rnfUZmwf0wKrsm; 131
130
Munfvifarmif
132
Munfvifarmif