CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Introduction—Salient aspects of conversions—Energy-bal-ance—Magnetic-field system: Energy and Co-energy—LinearSystem—A Simple Electromechanical System—In terms ofField Energy—In terms of field Co-energy—Energy in terms ofElectrical parameters—Rotary Motion—Description of SimpleSystem—Energy stored in the coils—Different Categories—One coil each on Stator and on Rotor—Vital Role of Air-gap—Statically induced emf and Dynamically induced emf.
Generator Principal—Simple Loop Generator—Practical Gen-erator—Yoke — Pole Cores and Pole Shoes—Pole Coils—Armature Core—Armature Windings—Bushes and Bearings—Pole-pitch—Conductor-Coil and Winding Element—Coil-spanor Coil-pitch—Pitch of a Winding —Back Pitch—Front Pitch—Resultant Pitch— Commutator Pitch—Single-layer Winding—Two-layer Winding—Degree of Re-entrancy of an ArmatureWinding—Multiplex Winding—Lap and Wave Winding—Sim-plex-lap Winding—Numbering of Coils and Commutator Seg-ments—Simplex Wave Winding—Dummy or Idle Coils—Usesof Lap and Wave Windings—Types of Generators—BrushContact Drop—Generated E.M.F. or E.M.F. Equation of aGenerator—Iron Loss in Armature—Total loss in a D.C.Generator—Stray Losses—Constant or Standing Losses—Power Stages—Condition for Maximum Efficiency—ObjectiveTests.
Armature Reaction—Demagnetising and Cross-magnetisingConductors—Demagnetising AT per Pole—CrossmagnetisingAT per pole—Compensating Windings—No. of Compensat-ing Windings—Commutation—Value of Reactance Voltage—Methods of Improving Commutation—Resistance Commuta-tion—E.M.F. Commutation—Interpoles or Compoles—Equalising Connections—Parallel Operation of Shunt Genera-tors—Paralleling D.C. Generator—Load Sharing—Procedurefor Paralleling D.C. Generators— Compound Generators inParallel—Series Generators in Parallel—Objective Tests.
Characteristics of D.C. Generators—Separately-excited Gen-erator—No-load Curve for Self-excited Generator—How tofind Critical Resistance R? How to draw O.C.C. at DifferentSpeeds ?—Critical Speed—Voltage Build up of a Shunt Gen-erator—Condition for Build-up of a Shunt Generator—Otherfactors Affecting Voltage Building of a D.C. Generator—External Characteristic—Voltage Regulation—Internal or To-tal Characteristic—Series Generator—Compound-wound Gen-erator—How to calculate Required Series Turns?—Uses ofD.C. Generators Questions and Answers on D.C. Genera-tors—Objective Tests.
Motor Principle—Comparison of Generator and Motor Ac-tion—Significance of the Back emf—Voltage Equation of aMotor—Conditions for Maximum Power—Torque—Arma-ture Torque of a Motor—Shaft Torque—Speed of a D.C.Motor—Speed RegulationTorque and Speed of a D.C. Mo-tor—Motor Characteristics—Characteristics of Series Mo-tors—Characteristics of Shunt Motors—Compound Motors—Performance Curves—Comparison of Shunt and Series Mo-tors—Losses and Efficiency—Power Stages—Objective Tests.
Factors Controlling Motor Speed—Speed Control of ShuntMotors—Speed Control of Series Motors—Merits and Demer-its of Rheostatic Control Method—Series-Parallel Control—Electric Braking—Electric Braking of Shunt Motor—ElectricBraking of Series Motors—Electronic Speed control Methodfor D.C. Motors—Uncontrolled Rectifiers—Controlled Recti-fiers—Thyristor Choppers—Thyristor Inverters—ThyristorSpeed Control of Separately-excited D.C. Motor—ThyristorSpeed Control of D.C. Seres Motor—Full-wave Speed Controlof a Shunt Motor—Thyristor Control of a Shunt Motor—Thyristor Speed Control of a Series D.C. Motor—Necessity ofa Starter—Shunt Motor Starter—Three-point Starter—Four-point Starter—Starting and Speed Control of Series Motors—Grading of Starting Resistance—Shunt Motors—Series MotorStarters—Thyristor Controller Starters—Objective Tests.
of Hopkinson’s Test—Retardation or Running Down Test—Field’s Test for Series Motors—Objective Tests—Questionsand Answers on D.C. Motors.
Working Principle of Transformer—Transformer Construc-tion—Core-type Transform ers—Shell type Transformers—Elementary Theory of an Ideal Transformer—E.M.F. Equationof Transformer—Voltage Transformation Ratio—Transformerwith losses but no Magnetic Leakage—Transformer on No-lead—Transformer on Load—Transformer with Winding Re-sistance but no Magnetic Leakage—Equivalent Resistance—Magnetic Leakage—Transformer with Resistance and LeakageReactance—Simplified Diagram—Total Approximate VoltageDrop in Transformer—Exact Voltage Drop—Equivalent Cir-cuit Transformer Tests—Open-circuit or No-load Test—Sepa-ration of Core Losses—Short-Circuit or Impedence Test—Why Transformer Rating in KVA?—Regulation of a Trans-former—Percentage Resistance, Reactance and Impedance—Kapp Regulation Diagram—Sumpner or Back-to-back-Test—Efficiency of a Transformer—Condition for Maximum Effi-ciency—Variation of Efficiency with Power Factor—All-dayEfficiency—Auto-transformer—Conversion of 2-WindingTransformer into Auto-transformer—Parallel Operation ofSingle-phase Transformers—Questions and Answers on Trans-formers—Objective Test.
Three-phase Transformers—Three-phase Transformer Con-nections—Star/Star or Y/Y Connection—Delta-Delta or Con-nection—Wye/Delta or Y/ Connection—Delta/Wye or /Y Con-nection—Open-Delta or V-V Connection—Power Supplied byV-V Bank—Scott Connection or T-T Connection—Three-phase to Two-Phase Conversion and vice-versa—Parallel Op-eration of 3-phase Transformers—Instrument Transformers—Current Transformers—Potential Transformers—ObjectiveTest.
Classification of AC Motors—Induction Motor: General Prin-cipal—Construction—Squirrel-cage Rotor—Phase-woundRotor—Production of Rotating Field—Three-phase Supply—Mathematical Proof—Why does the Rotor Rotate ?—Slip—Frequency of Rotor Current—Relation between Torque andRotor Power Factor—Starting Torque—Starting Torque of aSquirrel-cage Motor—Starting Torque of a Slip-ring Motor—
A Textbook of Electrical Technology Volume II AC & DC Machines B.L THAREJA
A Textbook of Electrical Technology Volume II AC & DC Machines B.L THAREJA
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