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lnstitute
 
eli
mste
(.111
a
1'1119
etvp
icalllillyF,efe
rstosusta
ined
cha
ng
ei
n
weail!:he
rac
ross1!:Ih,e
liobe
0
r
to
a
r,e'gion.
~t
occurs
wh
@1iIIlf'h~r,€!isdlramatic
cha
ng@Ov,€!tlmeinth@,iilIV'€!,iilig€!t@mp'€!
rat
ursofth!
IE
a
rth,N
atur'iillll~
li
mat€!chan!;J€!t,iilllki€!s·la,c,€!asa
resultof
normal
atmcspherlc
dlan~I'€!s.litis
influenced
by
natural
causes
such
as
vo
I
COllinCell1upti0
n
s,
oceancurrent,
chang
es
inIE,ell
th
's
0rbiiltand
solsr
VOl~iiait
lons,
WI"n
enavolcanoerupts
itthrow'S
0
ut
I
iEU"'g
'110111
mes
ofsulllph
u
r
d
i
oxid
e,f
watervalp0
u
1',
dI
u
sta
m
dI
ash.
G
re,em
house
9als
(GH'G),psrtku
lalrilly
cs
rbon
dioxide'
(C
0
2)
isprod
uced.Th
ese'maltle~iiOlllllsreauea
b~
anlkJeti
nthe
atrnospherethat
(a~
ses
al
cooli
ng
effect
onE.a
rth
as
th
ey
block
t
he
SLI
11I,llliii'9
t
from
penetrat
hllgl
the
atmosphere.
Deep
oceancurrents
carryheat
to
dlfferent
pertsof
the
worki,
Theoceans
playan
importantrole
ill
dete
I'm
lining
t
h
eatm
0
50p
h
eri
c.
con
ee
ntration
of
CO.2.(Ih
am9,esliinOrCrealn
d
rc.ulilatiiionmiOlIYOl,ffe
ct
thedimaue
th
rouq
h
tinemovem,e
nt
of
CO
2
i
nto
orout
olf
tlh,e
stm
osphe
re.
Another
caUls€'ofdlimrat€'
chanqs
iiissolarvariation.Chang@sinthe-output
of
the
sunove-r
extended
perled
ofti
mecan
a
lsoI
ead
to
cha
ng
esinthe
d
imate,
Chan
gl~'s
i
n
the
dllt
of
the
IE
a
rth
as
lit
orbits
th
esunalsolead
to:sm~11111ut
importantclimate
change,
more
tilt
towards
the:SW"l1
means
warmer
summer
andcolderwiinter.
Human-induced
dllrlmat~dnan~I'€!orantlnropog~n~cclimr~it,€!chang€!
refers
toproductionof
GHGernttted
by
humanactivity.,.Fdlllibwinrgth€!
lndustrial
r,€!voiliution
in
th€!
1;8th
and19thc,€!nturrl~@S
ncrease
in
glreelnhouseIgaseshasbeennoted.
Hlumcmindustrial
,Cllctivitiileshaveaddedtothe
amount,~f'GHI'Gl
indludiing
C021
methane,nitrous
oxide'
(N02)1
chlerofluorocarbons
(CFC),
that
isnaturally
present
in~hreatmospbrere,
C'O
2.
lilsprod
u
ced
frern
cO'iilllll~l~111
n
ell
fossi
I
fuel
b
urnt
toprod
u
CI€!@nr'€!lrgy
ortran
spolrtat~or~lrmranur'iillctU!1~
gl~
h€!atllngrco0111
n
glr
,€!
ect
ricity!ijl~n€!r,11litlilonr
ii
ndoth€!
r
a
pp
I
i'C,iilltons."
U
S@
of
fossi
III
~Ui€!s
cu
rrnntly
aceou
nit'sto
80%'
to
,85%'of
the
(0:2
b(!l-~ng
added
totheatmosphere,AgriculturaIIIprscticesproduce
la
rgeam0u
nt
ofmethane'gasesasaresuItofIlia
nd
cuitivationlivesto
ck
and
decomposition
ofa,mimalmanure,Methane9alsis
produced
when
bacteria
decompose'sorgamicmatter,T
he
US,€!off~rtii
IiZ'@1I"5.
toi
1111
re,aIS'€!a~IriiicuilituraIproducerssuItstohi'gherconer€!ntratl
01111Of
NO:;):..Coalmlillning,oildrillingandI@aky'gaspip,elllilJ"!l@sliliso
produce
methane.
IDeforestationafiFe,cts
the
photosynth
~IUC
process..A'S
forests
,an
cleared
wh~n
t
rees
a
recut
without
bei
rIIg1
replscedthe
c.apacityof
the
rema~imin,£!treesavailableto
absorbC02
is
reduced;
the
C02
thatist110ttakemineSG\l1res
bs
ckintctheatrnosp
heresndI
increase
G
IH
G
effect.
 
TheEarl:
h
ISgeftlinghotter;meantemperaturerose
O.'ei'l(
everyy,ear
d
urln
9
~h,eIiasthaIllfcentu
ry.
ID
e
pa
11meI'1ItofEner91Y
rep
0
rted
be
rn
pe
ratures
pli:l~ei
1'111
~h,ePhiii
P
plines;l'1Iiorth,e
n
andso
uthern
regIons
of
the
country~xpl~lnlll~nCI~warmlfng.Hotdayand
hot
Iililight5
havsbecome
more
frequent,
Annualm@'ant€imp@'ratur~is
projected
to
lncrease
from
o.S)e
to
1,.le
bry2:02iQ.SI~nCI~
1S):80
1
extreme
w@'ath~r€iV€il'illtsh1lllVIebecomecommonthatincludedieadillytyphoons,flashflocdsand
lendslslde,
A
,45%
increaseinra
i
II"IIfa
I
~s
expected
insome,ellr~as
d
urin
91
wetseason,
MalS'sive
coralbleachinqoccurred
duriirngl
the
severe
EI
NirnoepisodeiiUl
"3;9917-'98.
Everyn(ywand
then
we
obs€'rv€'
f
s
h
kiiililisiiindi]Werentpartsof
th
€'country,th@nshl.::iiilllilistlhat0ccu
rred
InBatang,asand
Pa
nglasiinanre(I@ntlywersfrstattri
b
ute
d
to
d
iiimate
ch
angl'@becauseof
th
'
sudd
'nd
rep
iiintemperature.The
fishkill
i
n[B,ellt1llngasW,1lliShewurstd
i
sasterattri
buted
to
dim
atecln,1llinl~'
i
n[Batangas,ac(:onjl~n
91
toBurea!IJorFisherlesandAq
ILl
atl
C
~~'N~sollJlrc~s[13FAR).
Phiii
pp
inesisatnskofbein!gswOlIItTI
ped
bySlealwaterasthesea[1[e've[l[ises,Greernpleacepred
kts
th
ata
one~meters'a111,@vl@1ls€'IS
pro]
sctedtoaff,@ct640utof0ur
:81
p
POVInc.e
s,
PAG
A
SA
study
reported
thatcosstalareasin[Navutas
i
Malabon,Caviiit'@iD,al\l',alOCiiityandL~gazpiCiiitysankbiy
15
csnttmetsrsfrom
1970t01s)9'9;
t
h
i
W
at€irs'~IIr'Onci
the
€!ntl~lr~arch
i
pl~lllagorOSI~by
1.
S
mil
lim
€it@'rsI~V€i
ry
y@arfrom
1S)61,
to2!00],
[F!
eav)'ra
i
nfsll
ea
rill
w,orsentlhe
p
rob
I
em
0
nhuma
rill
settliement.Therearecurrentlylo6
f
OOIC)
famllles
livlin91
11'111
dangerZOl1!Ies
jlln
Manlii[l[a.AtyphooniblglgerthanOndoy,canklll~hoU'sandsIfthesefamiliesarl:'
IiIIO~
re
located
orprovi
ded
s~ulFdysettliementstha~canweatherthe~yphoons,Wehavese,endamalgIng
€!iffi€!ct:s0"
i
I'iIlt€!nser'~llinf'~1111111oIlliV'I~:Sa
nd
propirtles,su
ch
ast
h
€iflashf
ood
that
h
aPPI~n€idin
0
rm0c
(1:991)
and
in
~niiimta
and
.Aurora(20iQ.4)ror
the
I'iillndslid@
in
SouthimLiytl~
in
21006.
Climate
changethreatensourfood!sec.uriity.Study
of
D,epartm,ent
of
Aglrk::ulture
shewed
that,ehanging
weatherpatternsleadtofsllurelillncroples~ablllishmel'1llt,poor(FlOPyieldsandincreased,ener9YcostandreducedIharves:~inpoultlryandhogproduction,S~rongerandmorefrlequent~yplhoonsposerisksof
I
a
nd
sl!desa
nd
son'rOSlonthatdestroyupIandaglriiicu
ltu
re
system,
MoreraIIiIIScauS€!morsf00015
wh
I
ch
i
eadstodestructiiionofcropsand
f
sherlesiiinfl
ood
pronea
reas,
Typ
ho
onsPe
dnn
91
(Nle:s~t)a
nd
<0
1!I1~~,111othoccurred~na
w~,elk..Th
eN,1llition1ll111DsasterR
lsk
R~d
ILl
ctl
0
n
andMarnagiementCounci[l[(NDRMC)reportedthattyphoon~edlrlilnlgleft34pn::rviiinioesailfliect,edwiith55personsdead,65injuredand
18
mJli's:sing,-lrheecomprise608.
f
7
i
go
famillile'sor
2.,8,32.".367
persons.
Of
whlilch45,.4.89r;amlill[II€!Sor206,3:816personsareinth€'1@\I',i3ICU,altlilOI'1ll
enters,
D,amagl,@toagllrii,culture(:86%,)andilnfrastructure
(ll'4%)
amOIUntsdto
!Pih
pS,
803:i56:1,09,6.
-43:.
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