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<body lang=IN style='tab-interval:36.0pt'> <div class=Section1> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>BAB 1</strong ></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>PENDAHULUAN</ strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>1.1 Latar Belakang </stro ng></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Dalam kehidupan sehari - hari kita membutuhkan air yang bersih untuk minum, memasak, mandi, mencuci dan kepentingan lainnya. Air yang kita gunakan harus berstandart 3B yaitu tidak berw arna, tidak berbau dan tidak beracun. Tetapi banyak kita lihat air yang berwarna keruh dan berbau sering kali bercampur dengan benda benda sampah seperti plastik, sampah organic, kaleng dan sebagainnya. Pemandangan seperti ini sering kita jumpai pada aliran sungai, selokan maupun kolam- kolam. Air yang demikian disebut air kotor atau air yang terpolusi. Air yang terpolusi mengandung zatzat yang berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan dampak buruk dan merugikan kita bila di konsumsi.<o:p></o:p></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><!--more-->Namun bagi kita, khususnya masyarakat pedesaan, sungai adalah sumber air sehari hari untuk kelangsungan hidup. Mereka kurang begitu peduli kandungan yang terdapat pada air tersebut.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>1.2 Rumusan Masalah</stro ng></p> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apa pengertian polusi air?<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran air?<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Bahaya apa saja yang ditimbulkan oleh air yang tercemar?<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengatasi pencemaran air?<o:p></o:p ></span></li> </ul> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>1.3 Tujuan</strong></p>

<ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Agar manusia lebih dapat memahami bahaya polusi air<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Agar dapat membedakan air yang bersih dan air yang sudah tercemar<o:p></o:p></sp an></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dapat lebih berhati- hati dalam menggunakan air yang bersih dan yang terpolusi<o: p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dapat mengetahui kandungan air yang terpolusi<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>BAB II</stron g></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>DASAR TEORI</ strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>2.1 Pengertian Polusi Air</strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Salah satu dampak negative dari k emjuan ilmu dan teknologi yang tidak digunakan dengan benar adalah terjadinya polusi. Polusi&nbsp; adalah peristiwa masuknya zat, unsure, zat atau komponen lain yang merugikan ke dalam lingkungan akibat aktivitas manusia atau proses alami. Segala sesuatu yang menyebabkan polusi disebut polutan.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Suatu benda dapat dikatakan polutan bila kadarnya melebihi batas normal, berada pada tempat dan waktu yang tidak tepat. Polutan dapat berupa suara, panas, radiasi, debu, bahan kimia, zat- zat yang dihasilkan makhluk hidup dan sebagainya. Adanya polutan dalam jumlah yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan lingkungan tidak dapat mengadakan pembersihan sendiri ( regenerasi). Oleh karena itu, polusi terhadap lingkungan perlu dideteksi secara dini dan ditangani segera.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Polusi air adalah peristiwa masuknya zat, energi, unsure atau komponen lainnya ke dalam air, sehingga kualitas air terganggu yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna, baud an rasa. Beberapa contoh polutan antara lain: Fosfat yang berasal dari penggunaan pupuk buatan dan detergen, Poliklorin Bifenil (PCB) senyawa ini berasal dari pemanfaatan bahan- bahan peluma dan plastic, Minyak dan Hidrokarbon dapat

berasal dari kebocoran pada roda dan kapal pengangkut minyak, logam- logam berat berasal dari industri bahan kimia dan bensin, Limbah Pertanian berasal dari kotoran hewana dan tempat penyimpanan makanan ternak, Kotoran Manusia berasal dari saluran pembuangan tinja manusia.( Djambur, 1993 )</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>2.2 Macam- Macam Sumber Polusi Air</strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Sumber polusi air antara lain sampah masyarakat, limbah industri, limbah pertanian dan limah rumah tangga. Ada beberapa tipe polutan yang dapat merusak perairan yaitu; bahan- bahan yang mengandung bibit penyakit, bahan- bahan yang banyak membutuhakan oksigen untuk penguraiannya, bahan- bhan kimia organic dari industri atau limbah pupuk pertanian, bahan- bahan yang tidak sediment, bahan- bahan yang mengandung radioaktif dan panas.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Pembuangan sampah dapat mengakibatkan kadar O2 terlarut dalam air semakin berkurang karena sebagian besar dipergunakan oleh bakteri pembusuk. Pembuangan sampah organic maupun anorganik yang dibuang kesungai terus- menerus, selain menemari air, terutama di musim hujan akan mengakibatkan banjir.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Air adalah unsure alam yang penting bagi mahluk hidup dengan sifat mengalir dan meresap. Apabila jalur aliran- alirannya tersumbat akan mengakibatkan banjir. Polusi air terjadi karena kurangnya rasa disiplian masyarakat, misalnya dalam kebersihan lingkungan dan membuang sampah sembarangan.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Musibah banjir terbagi menjadi dua macam yaitu banjir banding ( besar) dan banjir genangan.</p> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Banjir banding terjadi akibat air meluap dari jaur- jalur aliran (sungai) dengan volume air yang besar<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Banjir genangan terjadi tergenangnya air hujan disuatu daerah yang saluran air dan daya seraonya terbatas. ( Salman, 1993 )<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>BAB III</stro ng></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>PEMBAHASAN</s trong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>3.1 Bahaya dari Polusi Air</strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Bibit- bibit penyakit berbagai zat yang bersifat racun dan bahan radioaktif dapat merugikan manusia. Berbagai polutan memerlukan O2 untuk penguraiannya. Jika O2 kurang, penguraiannya tidak s empurna dan menyebabkan air berubah warnanya dan berbau busuk. Bahan atau logam yang berbahaya seperti arsenat, uradium, krom, timah, air raksa, benzon, tetraklorida, karbon dan lain- lain dapat merusak organ tubuh manusia atau dapatmenyebabkan kanker. Sejumlah besar limbah dari sungai akan masuk ke laut.</ p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Polutan ini dapat merusak kehidupan air sekitar muara sungai dan sebagian kecil laut muara. Bahan- bahan yang berbahaya masuk ke laut atau samudera mempunyai akibat jangka panjang yang belum diketahui. Banyak jenis kerang- kerangan&nbsp; yang mungin mengandung zat- zat yang berbahaya untuk dimakan. Laut dapat pula tercemar oleh yang asalnya mungkin dari pemukiman, pabrik, melalui sungai, atau dari kapal tanker yang rusak. Minyak dapat mematikan burung dan hewan laut lainnya, sebagai contoh efek keracunan dapat dilihat di Jepang. Merkuri yang dibuang oleh sebuah industri ke teluk minamata terakumulasi di jaringan tubuh ikan dan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsinya menderita cacat dan meninggal.</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Banyak akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh polusi air, diantaranya:</p> <ol start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Tergan ggunya kehidupan organisme air karena berkurangnya kandungan oksigen<o:p></o:p></s pan></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Terjad inya ledakan ganggang dan tumbuhan air<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Pendan gkalan dasar perairan<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Tersum

batnya penyaring reservoir, dan menyebabkan perubahan ekologi<o:p></o:p></span></l i> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dalam jangka panjang mengakibatkan kanker dan kelahiran cacat<o:p></o:p></span></ li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Akibat penggunaan pestisida yang berlebihan selain membunuh hama dan penyakit, juga membunuh serangga dan makhluk yang berguna terutama predator<o:p></o:p ></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Kemati an biota kuno, seperti plankton, ikan bahkan burung<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dapat mengakibatkan mutasi sel kanker dan leukemia<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>3.2 Usaha- Usaha untuk Mencegah dan Mengatasi Polusi Air</strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Pengenceran dan penguraian polutan air tanah sulit sekali karena airnya tidak mengalir dan tidak mengandung bakteri pengurai yang aerob, jadi air tanah yang tercemar akan tetap tercemar dalam waktu yang lama, walau tidak ada bahan pencemaran yang masuk. Oleh karena itu banyak usaha untuk menjaga agar tanah tetap bersih, misalnya:</p > <ol start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Menemp atkan daerah industri atau pabrik jauh dari daerah pemukiman atau perumahan<o:p>< /o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Pembua ngan limbah industri diatur sehinga tidak mencemari lingkungan atau ekosistem<o: p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Pengaw asan terhadap penggunaan jenis- jenis pestisida dan zat zat kimia lain yang

dapat menimbulkan pencemaran<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Memper luas gerakan penghijauan<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Tindak an tegas terhadap perilaku pencemaran lingkungan<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Member ikan kesadaran terhadap masyarakat tentang arti lingkungan hidup sehingga manusia lebih mencintai lingkungannya<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Melaku kan intensifikasi pertanian<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-f amily: "Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Adapun cara lain untuk mengatasi polusi air atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan banjir. Banjir ada dua macam yaitu banjir banding dan banjir genangan.</p> <ol start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Banjir banding dapat diatasi secar meluas dengan didukung berbagai disiplin ilmu<o :p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Banjir genangan dapat diatasi dengan memebersihakan air dari penyumbatan yang mengakibatkan air meluap<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ol> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Banyak orang mengatakan lebih baik mencegah dari pada mengatasi, hal ini berlaku pula pada banjir genangan.

Ada beberapa langkah- langkah yang dilakukan untuk mencegak banjir genangan yaitu:</p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bot tom-alt: auto;margin-left:21.3pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-21.3p t; line-height:115%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"' >Dalam perencanaan jalan- jalan lingkungan baik program pemerintah maupun swadaya masyarakat sebaiknya memilih material bahan yang menyerap air misalnya penggunaan bahan&nbsp; dari pavling blok ( blok- blok adukan beton yang disusun denagn rongga- rongga resapan air disela- selanya. Hal yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah penataan saluran lingkungan, pembuatannyapun harus bersamaan dengan pembuatan jalan tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bott om-alt: auto;margin-left:21.3pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0p t; line-height:115%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></spa n></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apabila di halaman pekaranganpekarangan rumah kita masih terdapat ruang- ruang terbuka, buatlah sumur- sumur resapan air hujan sebanyak- banyaknya. Fungsi sumur resapan air ini untuk mempercepat air meresapke dalam tanah. Dengan membuat sumur resapan air tersebut, sebenarnya kita dapat memperoleh manfaat seperti berikut: <o:p></o:p>< /span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:21.3pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm;line-height:115%; mso-list:l8 level2 lfo8;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list: Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"' >Persediaan air bersih dalam tanah disekitar rumah kita cukup baik dan banyak<o:p></o:p></sp an></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:35.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.15pt;line-height:115%; mso-list:l8 level2 lfo8;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list: Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>< /span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Tanah bekas galian sumur dapat

dipergunakan untuk menimbun lahan- lahan yang rendah atau meninggikan lantai rumah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:35.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.15pt;line-height:115%; mso-list:l8 level2 lfo8;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list: Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>< /span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apabila air hujan tidak tertampung oleh selokan- selokan rumah, dapat dialirkan ke sumur- sumur resapan. Jangan membuang sampah atau mengeluarkan air limbah rumah tangga (air bekas mandi, cucian dan sebagainya) ke dalam sumur resapan karena bias mencemari kandungan air tanah<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:35.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.15pt;line-height:115%; mso-list:l8 level2 lfo8;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list: Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>< /span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Apabila air banjir masuk ke rumah men apai ketinggian 20- 50 cm, satu- satunya jalan adalah meninggikan lantai rumah kita di atas ambang permukaan air banjir.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:35.45pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.15pt;line-height:115%; mso-list:l8 level2 lfo8;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list: Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>< /span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Cara lain adalah membuat tanggul di depan pintu masuk rumah kita. Cara ini sudah umum dilakukan orang, hanya saja teknisnya sering kurang terencana secara mendetail.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro

man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'>\<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Ro man"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>BAB IV</stron g></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><strong>PENUTUP</stro ng></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>4.1 Kesimpulan</strong></ p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Berdasarkan pembahasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa:</p> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo9;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Polusi adalah peristiwa masuknya zat, energi, unsur atau komponen- komponen lain ke dalam lingkungan akibat aktivitas manusia ataupun prose alami<o:p></o:p> </span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo9;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Segala sesuatu yang menyebabkan polusi disebut poutan<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo9;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Polusi air adalah&nbsp; pristiwa masuknya zat, energi, unsur atau komponenkomponen lain ke dalam air sehingga kualitas air terggangu<o:p></o:p></span ></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo9;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Sumber polusi air antara lain limbah rumah tangga, sampah masyarakat, limbah pertanian, limbah industri dan sebagianya<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo9;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari polusi air adalah banjir, merusak system organ manusia,menimbulkan berbagai bibit penyakit, kanker, kelahiran bayi cacat dan lain- lain<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>4.2 Saran</strong></p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Saran yang penulis sampaikan adalah sebagai berikut:</p> <ul type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo10;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Sebaik nya kita harus berhati- hati dalam menggunakan air karena air itu ada yang terpolusi dan ada yang tidak<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo10;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Jagala h air di lingkungan rumah dan sekitar agar tetap bersih dan terhindar dari pencemaran air<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:115%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo10;tab-stops: list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Jangan membuang sampah ke sungai atau kolam, buanglah sampah pada tempatnya agar tidak terjadi pencemaran air<o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><strong>DAFTAR PUSTAKA</strong></ p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Djambur. W. Sukarno. 1993. Biologi 1 untuk Sekolah Menengan Umum. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, pusat perbukuan</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Ahya M Salman. 1993. Biologi 1 untuk Sekolah Menengah Umum, Dekdibud, Jakarta</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Santiyono. 1994. Biologi 1 untuk sekolah Menengah Umum, penerbit Erlangga</p>

<p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'>Http: //www. Google.com</p> <p style='text-align:justify;line-height:115%'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>

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