Estilos estructurales en sistemas de cuencas de ante-pas

Dr. Patrice Baby

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 I. Generalidades II. Tectnica de corrimientos III. Secciones balanceadas IV. Tectnica de inversin

GEODINAMICA

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SUBDUCCION CONTINENTAL
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(Tomado de Bourdon et al., 2003) 21

(Tomado de Hampel, 2002) 22

(Tomado de Corredor, 2003) 23

Tavera (2005) 24

(Modificado de Rochat et al., 1999) 25

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Effect of the erosion in a mountain belt (Sean Willet, 1999)

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SISTEMAS DE CUENCAS DE ANTEPAIS

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Modificado de Wesseling et al. (2002)

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Iquitos

Maraon basin

Fizcarrald Arch

Lima

Madre de Dios basin

La Paz

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SW

NE

FITZCARRALD ARCH

MADRE DE DIOS

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(Baby et al., 1999) 37

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DEFORMACIONES Y TENSIONES

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Deformacin continua homognea

Deformacin continua heterogena

Deformacin discontinua

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DEFORMACION FRAGIL

DEFORMACION DUCTIL

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Angulo de friccin interna = 30 en caliza 0< <10 en arcilla o granito

Experimento de fracturacin en un cilindro de calizas (segn Peterson, 1958; Heard, 1960)

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Ellipsoide de tensiones

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II. TECTONICA DE CORRIMIENTO

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Corrimientos ? Falla inversa de bajo angulo

Pz Tr

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Por primera vez, Rich (1934) explica una estructura de corrimiento por medio del concepto de plano horizontal - rampa

Seccin estructural del corrimiento de Cumberland (Apalaches) segn Rich (1934)

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En 1970, Dahlstrom propone una nueva terminologa de geometras de corrimiento

El reconocimiento de las trayectorias de corrimiento escalonadas es fundamental en el estudio de las fajas plegadas y corridas Las rampas corresponden a las partes del corrimiento que corten los contactos formacionales Los planos o despegues se confunden con la estratificacin y corresponden a niveles pelticos
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ZONA SUBANDINA ALTO BENI, BOLIVIA

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Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger 56

Alto Beni, Bolivia

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GEOMETRIA TRIDIMENCIONAL DE UNA RAMPA

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(Hinsch et al., 2002)

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ifp

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(Taiwan, 1999)
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(Taiwan, 1999)
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PLIEGUES Y EXPLORACION

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I. II. III. IV.

Pliegue por flexin de falla (fault bend fold) Pliegue por propagacin de falla (fault propagacion fold) Pliegue de despegue (detachment fold) Imbricaciones

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I.

Pliegue por flexin de falla (fault bend fold)

Es el resultado del plegamiento pasivo del bloque cabalgante debido a la existencia de un escaln en la superficie de corrimiento

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 J.Waldron 1998

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Pliegue por flexin de falla (fault bend fold)

Anticlinal de Palometas (Zona del Boomerang, Bolivia)

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II. Pliegue por propagacin de falla (fault propagacion fold) Resulta del proceso de plegamiento en el margen de una rampa de corrimiento que se propaga

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(Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)

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Altiplano, Bolivia (Rochat, 2000)

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Pliegue por propagacin de falla (fault propagation fold)

Chaco, Bolivia

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 Trishear model
Erslev (1991); Allmendinger (1998)
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III. Pliegue de despegue (detachment fold)

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Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger

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Alpes
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Slumps

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Sal

Basamento

Golfo de Mexico
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EJERCICIOS

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Corrimiento ? Tipo de pliegue ?

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Corrimiento ? Tipo de pliegue ?

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Corrimiento ? Tipo de pliegue ?

NW Himalaya, India (photograph by Gerhard Wiesmayr, Vienna)

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Corrimiento? Tipo de pliegues?

Anticlinal San Martin

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Corrimiento ? Tipo de pliegue ?

NW China (Chen et al., 2004) 91

IV. Imbricaciones

(Shaw et al., 1999) 92

(Shaw et al., 1999) 93

(Shaw et al., 1999) 94

(Shaw et al., 1999) 95

(Shaw et al., 1999) 96

DUPLEX

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(Mitra, 1986)
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(Mitra, 1986)
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(Mitra, 1986)
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NW China (Chen et al., 2004) 103

Chaco, Bolivia
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Chaco, Bolivia

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Chaco, Bolivia
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10 km
Chaco, Bolivia 107

Chaco, Bolivia

(Rochat et al., 2000) 108

EJERCICIOS

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Duplex ?

(Cordillera Oriental, Bolivia)

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SISTEMAS DE CORRIMIENTOS FAJAS PLEGADAS Y CORRIDAS

Iran
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Chaco, Bolivia
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Iquitos

Maraon basin

Fizcarrald Arch

Lima

Madre de Dios basin

La Paz

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SW

NE

FITZCARRALD ARCH

MADRE DE DIOS

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Propagacin de corrimientos

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Modelo analgico (Koyi et al., 2003)

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Prismo de acrecin, Japan (line NT62-8 of Moore et al. 1990)

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Las zonas de transferencia son aquellas donde un corrimiento termina y comienza un nuevo. El acortamiento est transferido de un corrimiento a otro

(Dahlstrom, 1969)

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NAPA TECTONICA

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Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger

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Napa de Calazaya

Klippe

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Pz

Ct

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Baby et al. (1992) 128

Baby et al. (1992) 129

FRENTE DE CORRIMIENTO

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Zona triangular

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Madre de Dios (Per) 133

SEDIMENTOS SIN-OROGENICOS

DUPLEX

Madre de Dios, Per

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Passive roof duplex

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TECTONICA DE CORRIMIENTO Y SEDIMENTACION

(Vergs et al., 2002)

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ESTRATOS DE CRECIMIENTO (growth strata)

Estratos de crecimiento Estratos de pre-crecimiento

(Vergs et al., 2002)

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Tomado de Pratt et al. (2002)

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Triangulo de estratos de crecimiento Estratos de pre-crecimiento

Niger Delta (Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)

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Penyagalera growth syncline in the Catalan Coastal Ranges (see Burbank et al., 1996; Lawton et al., 1999; Vrges et al., 2002 )

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Camargo, Cordillera Oriental, Bolivia

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(Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)

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(Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)

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CUENCA TRANSPORTADA (piggyback basin)

(Vergs et al., 2002)

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Apeninos del Norte, Italia (segn Pieri, 1989)

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Beni

ra lle di or

a nt rie

a ac ti c Ti

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Modelos analgicos (ifp)

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Chaco (Bolivia), clima tropical seco = poca sedimentacin

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Madre de Dios (Per), clima tropical hmedo = mucha sedimentacin

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(Baby et al., 1995)

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EJERCICIOS

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DIFERENCIAR LAS SECUENCIAS SEDIMENTARIAS DE ANTEPAS - ESTRATOS DE PRE-CRECIMIENTO ? - ESTRATOS DE CRECIMIENTO ? - ESTRATOS DE POST-CRECIMIENTO ?

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III. SECCIONES BALANCEADAS

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Tener una mejor interpretacin estructural

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Precisar la geometra de una trampa estructural

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Calcular la cantidad de acortamiento Calcular la velocidad de deformacin Reconstruir en su posicin original las cuencas sedimentarias

0.57 cm / Ma
(Rochat et al., 2000) 166

CONDICIONES

- Conservacin de la masa - Conservacin del volumen - Conservacin del rea - Conservacin de la longitud de lneas estratales - Conservacin del espesor de estratos

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DATOS

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POZOS Y SISMICA

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HUALLAGA BASIN

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Woodward et al. (1986) 171

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Mtodo de las longitudes estratales

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Mtodo de igual rea

rea de relieve = rea de acortamiento

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CALCULO DE LA PROFUNDIDAD DE DESPEGUE Mtodo del exceso de rea

Profundidad al plano de despegue = B/(L2 - L1) (Depth to lower detachment)

Segn Chamberlain, 1910; tomado de Allmendinger (1986)

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Woodward et al. (1986) 178

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EJERCICIOS

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Loose Line Pin Line

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Error ?

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Problema de los sinclinales

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Problema de las imbricaciones

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Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)

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Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)

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Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)

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Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)

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EJERCICIOS

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IV. TECTONICA DE INVERSION

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F
Gil et al. (2001) 200

INVERSION EN REGIMEN TRANSPRESIVO (CUENCA ORIENTE, ECUADOR)

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Cuenca Santiago

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Cuenca Santiago

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Baby et al. (2004) 209

Baby et al. (2004) 210

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Jr. Sup.

Tr.-Jr.

Pz.

(Diaz et al., 2003) 212

Barragan et al. (2005)

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Barragan et al. (2005)

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Branquet et al (2002) 217

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EJERCICIOS

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Cuenca Ucayali
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Ubicar y definir el tipo de estructura

Cuenca Oriente, Ecuador 221

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