Kyoto Protocol() is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) aims to fight global

al warming to achieve the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan was entered into force on 16 February 2005 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol in September 2011 United States has signed the Protocol but not ratified the protocol other United Nations member states which did not ratify the protocol are Afghanistan(), Andorra() and South Sudan() in December 2011, Canada denounced the Protocol force the signed countries to reduce four greenhouse gases(GHG), which are carbon dioxide(CO2), methane(CH4), nitrous oxide(NO2), sulphur hexafluoride(SF6), and two groups of gases, which are hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) and perfluorocarbons(PFCs) the limitation of carbon footprint can be sold to other countries those developing countries, such as China and India, do not have any limit on producing GHG According to the report of 2005's IPCC, the top ten emitters are as follow: (The first figure is the country's or region's emissions as a percentage of the global total. The second figure is the country's(region's) percapita emissions, in units of tons of GHG per-capita.) 1. China 17%, 5.8 2. United States 16%, 24.1 3. European Union 11%, 10.6 4. Indonesia 6%, 12.9 5. India 5%, 2.1 6. Russia 5%, 14.9 7. Brazil 4%, 10.0 8. Japan 3%, 10.6

9. Canada 2%, 23.2 10. Mexico 2%, 6.4