THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE FLORIDA MARLINS ON THE CITY OF MIAMI: DEVELOPMENT AND RECURRING PHASES

Prepared by: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

October 3, 2008 (Revised on January 28, 2009)

2655 LeJeune Road, Suite 608 Coral Gables, Florida 33134 Tel: 305.461.3811 Fax: 305.461.3822 info@weg.com www.weg.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. II.

BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................1 THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF THE FLORIDA MARLINS BALLPARK ON THE CITY OF MIAMI ................................................3 THE RECURRING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE FLORIDA MARLINS TEAM OPERATIONS ON THE CITY OF MIAMI ..............................................................................9 POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH BASEBALLS JEWEL EVENTS ..............................................................................................................................15 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................17 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................18

III.

IV.

V.

APPENDIX I:

APPENDIX II: DETAILED IMPACT TABLES ................................................................................21 APPENDIX III: THE WASHINGTON ECONOMICS GROUP, INC. PROJECT TEAM AND QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................................33

List of Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Summary of the Economic Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark...............................................................................................4 Person Years of Employment Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ...........................................................................................................5 Labor Income Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark.........................................................................................................................6 Miami GDP Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark....................6 Economic Output Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ...........................................................................................................7 Fiscal Contributions Attributable to Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark.........................................................................................................................8 Summary of Annual (Recurring) Economic Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations in the New Ballpark ..........................................................10 Recurring Employment Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations...................................................................................................................11 Recurring Labor Income Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations...................................................................................................................11 Recurring Miami GDP Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations....................12 Recurring Economic Output Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations...................................................................................................................13 Recurring Fiscal Contributions of Florida Marlins Team Operations ........................13 Sales Tax Generated at the Completed Florida Marlins Ballpark...............................14

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I.

BACKGROUND

The Washington Economics Group, Inc. (WEG) has been retained to prepare an economic impact analysis of the development of the proposed Florida Marlins Ballpark and ongoing operations of the Florida Marlins Baseball Team in the City of Miami. As currently proposed, the Florida Marlins Ballpark will be located at the site of the former Orange Bowl adjacent to the central business district of downtown Miami. The proposed state-of-the-art ballpark will consist of 927,000 square feet of constructed area for 37,000 spectators, enclosed with a three-panel operable roof system. This roof system will be able to cover the playing field and seating terraces if conditions require. In the open ballpark configuration, the operable roof panels will park over a grand plaza, creating an entertainment entry district. When the roof and outfield wall are retracted, the ballparks interior space transforms, and the seating terraces become open to the sky. Spectator seating areas are supported by three distinct levels, the main concourse level, the club/suite level and the upper concourse level. All seating levels are oriented for prime views of the playing field, as well as offering views of the Miami skyline beyond the outfield wall. The architecture of the ballpark has been described as a kinetic sculptural expression with its large curvilinear movable roof panels and exterior form. The retracting roof will be fully operable, offering flexibility to protect the spectators and the field from sun and rain if needed. When the ballpark is fully enclosed, it will be air conditioned to provide a comfortable environment for spectators and players. The curving faceted forms enclosing the spectator seating area and concourses will terrace down from the roof and will be layered to create balconies with views out to the surrounding skyline, while appearing to reduce the scale of the building gracefully. The exterior skin of the ballpark will consist of a faceted metal panel system, glass curtain wall and pre-cast concrete panels. These elements will be organized in a manner to create a powerful symbol within the Miami skyline. Plans for the ballpark also call for the construction of up to 96 residential units, up to 61,678 square feet of ancillary and accessory retail space, four parking structures and six surface parking lots with approximately 6,000 spaces on the site as well as improvements to public infrastructure on and adjacent to the site. For this analysis, WEG utilized the Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc.s (MIG) software and basic data needed to formulate the economic multiplier model developed for quantifying the

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proposed ballpark development and ongoing activities of the Florida Marlins on the City of Miami. MIG has been providing economic multiplier models for regional economic impact analysis since 19851. Models developed using IMPLAN software have been widely used by the private sector, academic economists and by federal, state and local government agencies to measure the economic impacts of various policy alternatives. The development of the proposed ballpark in the City of Miami will generate significant quantifiable economic impacts. These impacts, estimated by utilizing a professionally accepted and widely used methodology, will support employment, the generation of labor income, economic output and public revenues in the City of Miami. Estimates calculated on page 14 will result in close to $1 million ($780,000) a year in sales taxes alone that are paid to the City from operations inside the ballpark. Therefore, the economic outcomes expected from development of the proposed ballpark will provide significant economic benefits to the City of Miami and its residents. It should be noted that the model utilized in this study measures only economic impacts generated within the boundaries of the City of Miami. Additional benefits are generated within other cities in Miami-Dade County and other parts of South Florida that are not included in this analysis, but which are indeed substantial. Methodology Used in this Analysis
Economic models that explicitly account for inter-industry linkages (supply relationships), the generation of labor and capital income and the spending of household income have been used since the 1960s to estimate the contribution that a particular business or industry makes to the general economy. These input-output models recognize that, as an industry experiences an increase in the demand for its products or services, it in turn needs more goods and services from its suppliers and must increase its purchases from other industries in the economy. The effect on regional production resulting from successive rounds of interindustry linkages is referred to as the indirect effect. The resulting increases in regional production also lead to expansions in employment and labor income, and the increases in labor income lead to more consumer spending, further expanding sales and production throughout the regional economy. The latter economic impacts are referred to as the induced effects. The successive waves of production, spending and more production result in economic multiplier effects, where the final or total increase in regional production, income and employment, respectively, is larger than the initial (or direct) increase in production, income and employment. The total quantitative economic contribution of these activities, therefore, is comprised of a direct effect, an indirect effect and an induced effect.

Information on the IMPLAN Group models and the company history can be found at www.implan.com.

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II.

THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT MARLINS BALLPARK ON THE CITY OF MIAMI

PHASE OF THE

FLORIDA

The expenditures associated with the development of the proposed Florida Marlins Ballpark will generate economic impacts that extend beyond those directly related to the development process. These spillover or multiplier impacts are the result of each business activitys supply relationships with other firms operating within the region, the proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)2 that accrues to households in the form of labor and capital income, and the propensity of households to spend income on goods produced within the local area. The direct impact of the development of the proposed Florida Marlins Ballpark is comprised of all of the local expenditures for labor and materials that will be used in the construction of the ballpark, parking garage and associated public infrastructure. A portion of the total costs of construction is likely to be paid to business establishments and workers located outside of the City of Miami. These imports of goods and services do not add to the level of economic activity in the City, though they benefit the South Florida region and other communities where these expenditures take place. This is likely to be the case for a significant portion of the cost for architectural and engineering services for the ballpark. The estimated construction costs of the ballpark, parking garage and associated improvements to public infrastructure in the vicinity of the ballpark are $634 million (ballpark $515 million, parking garage $94 million and public infrastructure $25 million). While a detailed breakdown of construction costs is not available, the impact estimates are based on the total hard costs of construction of $569.9 million and $64.1 million of soft costs (design, engineering, etc.). Further adjustments to these estimated expenditures were made to exclude payments to businesses located outside the City. It is projected that approximately 22 percent of the hard cost expenditures will go to businesses located outside the City, and 60 percent of the soft cost expenditures will go to suppliers located outside the City. With these adjustments, total project expenditures within the City of Miami are expected to be $470.1 million3.

The GDP of an area represents the net economic value created through the local production of goods and services. This economic value is used to compensate workers, pay taxes, and provide a return to investors in these business activities. 3 Cruz, Dr. Robert D. Economic Impact of Construction Spending on Three Special Redevelopment Projects: The Marlins Ballpark, Museum Park, and the Port Access Tunnel, May 23, 2008. Dr. Cruzs estimates focused on Miami-Dade County. These estimates were utilized in this analysis, as almost all of the local expenditures will occur in the City of Miami.

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The construction spending estimates discussed above constitute direct economic impacts entered into the IMPLAN Model for the City of Miami. Based in the direct impacts the IMPLAN model estimates the direct impacts for employment, labor income, public-sector fiscal revenues, and City of Miami Gross Domestic Product. The IMPLAN model also estimates indirect and induced economic impacts of the proposed Florida Marlins Ballpark development for all variables. These comprehensive direct, indirect and induced economic impacts are summarized in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Summary of the Economic Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark Impact on: Employment (Person Years) Labor Income ($ Mill.) City of Miami Gross Domestic Product (GDP $ Mill.) Federal, State & Local Tax Revenues ($ Mill.) Total Economic Impact ($ Mill.) Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. Direct 4,774 216 242 ------470 Indirect & Induced 3,007 125 203 ------345 Total Impact 7,781 341 445 103 815

An estimated 7,781 person years of employment (one person employed for one year) for local residents will result from the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark. The development phase of the ballpark is directly responsible for 4,774 person years of employment in the Construction and related support sectors. Current estimates call for the development phase to be completed within three years of commencement. Based on this schedule, the estimates of person years of employment can be divided by three to obtain an approximation of the number of people working on the job at any one point in time. These calculations suggest that approximately 1,600 people will be directly employed on the project, and that another 1,000 jobs throughout the City of Miami will be supported by the ballparks development. These estimates for direct employment on the ballpark are consistent with estimates prepared by the projects managers. The ballparks indirect and induced job creation process reaches deeply into all sectors of the local economy. This dramatically demonstrates the close supply inter-relationships that the Construction sector has with all of the other sectors of the local economy. Specifically, 1,334 person years of employment are supported via these indirect economic effects (mostly suppliers). Lastly, 1,673 person years of employment in all sectors of the local economy are

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generated by induced spending effects. Therefore, the total number of person years of employment, directly, indirectly and induced, supported by the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark is estimated at 7,781 making a significant contribution to local employment opportunities in Miami. The number of person years of employment estimated by the IMPLAN model to be created in each economic sector by the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark is summarized in Table 2. Of the 7,781 person years of employment supported by the Development phase, 59 percent are in the Construction sector, 27 percent are in the Knowledge-Based Services sectors, and the remaining 14 percent are distributed among other economic sectors.
Table 2. Person Years of Employment Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark Industry Construction Knowledge-Based Services* Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Visitor Industry Manufacturing Government & Other Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table A-1. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Jobs Supported 4,558 2,075 560 238 217 84 49 7,781

The development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark will also be an important generator of Labor Income for the Citys workers. (Labor Income is the total value of compensation to all workers.) In addition to the $216 million of Labor Income directly generated by construction of the ballpark and associated infrastructure, $59 million of Labor Income is created by indirect economic activities, and $66 million of Labor Income is created by induced economic activities. In summary, development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark is estimated to generate almost $341 million in Labor Income, with the largest proportion of income generated from the Construction and Knowledge-Based Services economic sectors as shown in Table 3 next page.

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Table 3. Labor Income Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in thousands) Industry Construction Knowledge-Based Services* Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Visitor Industry Manufacturing Government & Other Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table A-2. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Total Impact 203,990 94,202 17,385 11,732 5,425 4,119 3,920 $340,772

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) arising from the project is another measure of economic development benefits from the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark. The GDP of an area represents the net economic value created through the local production of goods and services. This net economic value is used to compensate workers, pay taxes, and provide a return to investors in the business activities. GDP is also the principal source of household income and a key measure of the contributions that the development of the ballpark and associated infrastructure will make to the City of Miami economy. The development of this project will create over $242 million of local GDP directly, while $83 million of local GDP will be the result of indirect activities, and $120 million of local GDP will be the result of induced economic activities. In total, the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark will generate almost $445 million in GDP for the City.
Table 4. Miami GDP Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in thousands) Industry Construction Knowledge-Based Services* Government & Other Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Visitor Industry Manufacturing Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table A-3. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Total Impact 229,922 122,998 29,332 27,963 20,142 8,155 6,434 $444,946

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Table 4 summarizes the local GDP estimated to be created by the development of the ballpark in each economic sector. The greatest increases in Miami GDP are estimated to occur in the Construction and Knowledge-Based Services sectors where it is projected that 80 percent of the Miami GDP is to be created. A final and comprehensive measure of the total economic impact of the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark on Miami is Gross Economic Output, representing the sum of gross revenues (receipts) of private firms plus the value of government services (valued at cost). The total economic impact of the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark on the City is estimated at almost $815 million generating a significant economic impact. Of this total, an estimated $470 million is generated by direct activities, while an additional $345 million is generated by indirect and induced activities. Table 5 shows the industry distribution of the total economic impact.
Table 5. Economic Output Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in thousands) Industry Construction Knowledge-Based Services* Retail Trade Government & Other Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Manufacturing Visitor Industry Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table A-4. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Total Impact 446,077 219,924 42,245 36,707 32,273 23,243 14,496 $814,965

In addition to the various economic impacts presented, the development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark will result in significant fiscal revenues for federal, state, and local governments as shown in Table 6 next page. Over the course of development, almost $103 million of fiscal revenues are generated. Of this total, $78.5 million, or 76 percent, flow to the federal government, and the remaining $24.4 million, or 24 percent, of tax revenues are allocated to state and local governments.

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Table 6. Fiscal Contributions Attributable to Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in thousands) Taxes Paid By Labor Capital Households Corporations Indirect Business Taxes Total: Federal Taxes $ 30,299 3,891 33,649 7,950 2,716 $78,505 State/Local Taxes $ 595 ----2,076 2,908 18,795 $24,374 Total Taxes $ 30,894 3,891 35,725 10,858 21,511 $102,879

Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table A-5.

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III.

THE RECURRING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OPERATIONS ON THE CITY OF MIAMI

OF

THE FLORIDA MARLINS TEAM

In this section, the annual economic impacts of the ongoing operations of the Florida Marlins Baseball Team on the City of Miami are analyzed. These activities include:

Local expenditures made by the Florida Marlins in order to operate the stadium and the baseball team. Included are all expenditures that the Marlins project will incur to undertake operations in the new ballpark, administrative expenses, and player salaries prorated for the portion of the year that these individuals can be expected to reside in Miami. The Florida Marlins estimate that these expenditures will average $130.1 million per annum. Lodging, dining and local transportation expenditures made by visiting teams, baseball umpires and non-local members of the press. The Florida Marlins estimate that these expenditures will average $2.3 million per annum. Expenditures made by out-of-town baseball fans as they attend Marlins home games in the proposed ballpark (excluding the purchase of tickets to the games). These expenditures include purchases of food and drink, parking and purchases of novelties and souvenirs. In instances where out-of-town fans remain in Miami overnight, these expenditures include lodging expenditures. The Florida Marlins provided estimates of out-of-town fan attendance at their home games. Estimated fan expenditures are based on experience at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C. The projected fan expenditures are consistent with other local surveys of out-of-town visitor expenditures, including those produced by the Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau. In total, these expenditures are projected to average $45.2 million per annum once the new ballpark is fully operational.

Therefore, the ongoing activities in the completed ballpark will generate significant quantifiable and recurring economic impacts each year. These impacts, estimated by utilizing professionally accepted and widely used methodology, will support other employment and the generation of labor income, economic output and public revenues in the City of Miami on an ongoing basis. The expenditures associated with activities in the completed ballpark generate economic impacts that extend beyond those directly related to its operations. These spillover or multiplier impacts are the result of each business activitys supply relationships with other

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firms operating within the community, the proportion of local GDP4 that accrues to households in the form of labor and capital income and the propensity of households to spend income on goods produced within the local area. The direct impact of the activities that will occur in the completed ballpark is comprised of all expenditures made by the team, visiting teams, and expenditures made by out of town fans attending Marlins home games. Utilizing the direct economic impacts discussed above, indirect and induced economic impacts of the activities occurring in the completed ballpark were calculated using an extended input-output model of the City of Miami economy. These comprehensive direct, indirect and induced economic impacts are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7. Summary of Annual (Recurring) Economic Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations in the New Ballpark Impact on: Employment (Jobs) Labor Income ($ Mill.) Miami Gross Domestic Product (GDP $ Mill.) Federal, State & Local Tax Revenues ($ Mill.) Total Economic Impact ($ Mill.) Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. Direct 1,667 96 127 ------178 Indirect & Induced 1,041 44 76 ------121 Total Impact 2,708 140 203 57 299

An estimated 2,708 permanent jobs for local residents result directly or indirectly from the baseball and related activities occurring at the completed ballpark. Expenditures related to baseball operations and out-of-town fan expenditures are directly responsible for 1,667 jobs in the Knowledge-Based Services, Government & Other and related support sectors. However, the indirect and induced job creation process reaches deeply into all sectors of the local economy. This dramatically demonstrates the close supply inter-relationships that these sectors have with all of the other sectors of the local economy. An additional 377 jobs are supported via indirect economic effects (mostly suppliers). Lastly, 664 jobs are generated by induced spending effects. Therefore, the total number of jobs, directly, indirectly and induced, supported by activities in the completed ballpark are estimated at 2,708 making a significant contribution to local employment opportunities.
4

The GDP of an area represents the net economic value created through the local production of goods and services. This economic value is used to compensate workers, pay taxes, and provide a return to investors in these business activities.

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The jobs created in each economic sector by baseball and other activities that are projected to occur in the completed ballpark are summarized in Table 8. Of the 2,708 jobs supported by these activities, 67 percent are in the Knowledge-Based Services sector. An additional 23 percent of the jobs created are in the Visitor Industry, with the remaining 10 percent of jobs distributed among other economic sectors.
Table 8. Recurring Employment Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations Industry Knowledge-Based Services* Visitor Industry Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Government & Other Manufacturing Construction Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table B-1. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Jobs Supported 1,815 629 145 71 22 18 8 2,708

The ongoing activities that will occur in the completed ballpark will be an important generator of Labor Income for workers in the City of Miami. In addition to the $96 million annually of recurring Labor Income directly generated by activities that will occur in the ballpark, more than $18 million of Labor Income will be created by indirect economic activities each year and $26 million of Labor Income will be created by induced economic activities each year. In summary, activities in the completed Florida Marlins Ballpark will generate over $140 million in Labor Income each year, with the largest proportion of income generated from the Knowledge-Based Services economic sector as shown in Table 9.
Table 9. Recurring Labor Income Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in thousands) Industry Knowledge-Based Services* Visitor Industry Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Government & Other Manufacturing Construction Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table B-2. Total Impact 110,432 18,933 4,415 3,602 1,733 889 375 $140,380

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*Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)5 arising from recurring activities (ongoing) in the completed ballpark is another measure of the economic benefits of this development. The GDP of an area represents the net economic value created through the local production of goods and services. This net economic value is used to compensate workers, pay taxes, and provide a return to investors in the business activities. GDP is also the principal source of household income and a key measure of the contributions that the Marlins ongoing operations in the completed ballpark will make to the City of Miami economy. Each year activities at the completed ballpark will create over $127 million of local GDP directly, while close to $28 million of local GDP will be created by indirect activities, and more than $47 million of local GDP will be created by induced economic activities. In total, baseball and other activities at the completed ballpark will generate just under $203 million in local GDP each year. Table 10 summarizes the recurring local GDP impacts of baseball and other activities associated with the completed ballpark on each economic sector. The greatest increases in local GDP will arise in the Knowledge-Based Services and the Visitor Industry where 87 percent of the local GDP will be created.
Table 10. Recurring Miami GDP Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in thousands) Industry Knowledge-Based Services* Visitor Industry Government & Other Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Manufacturing Construction Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table B-3. *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Total Impact 145,542 30,805 12,014 7,025 5,626 1,419 395 $202,825

A final and comprehensive measure of the total recurring economic impact of the ongoing operations at the Florida Marlins Ballpark is Gross Economic Output, representing the sum of total gross revenues (receipts) of private firms plus the total value of government services (valued at cost). The total recurring economic impact of the activities at the completed

The GDP of an area represents the net economic value created through the local production of goods and services. This economic value is used to compensate workers, pay taxes, and provide a return to investors in these business activities.

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ballpark is estimated at just over $299 million annually. Of this total, $178 million will be generated by direct activities related to activities at the ballpark, while an additional $121 million will be generated by indirect and induced activities. As presented in the previous analysis of these economic impacts, the greatest increases in total economic impact (Gross Economic Output) will arise in the Knowledge-Based Services, Visitor Industry and Government & Other sectors, where 91 percent of the recurring economic output will be created as shown in Table 11 below.
Table 11. Recurring Economic Output Impacts Arising from Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in thousands) Industry Knowledge-Based Services* Visitor Industry Government & Other Retail Trade Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services Manufacturing Construction Total All Industries Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table B-4 *Find Knowledge-Based Services definition on page 22. Total Impact 206,983 50,758 15,124 10,547 8,923 5,764 941 $299,039

In addition to the various economic impacts presented, baseball and other activities at the completed ballpark will result in significant fiscal revenues each year for federal, state, and local governments as shown in Table 12. Each year almost $57 million of fiscal revenues will be generated by ongoing activities. Of this total, $35.3 million, or 62 percent, will flow to the federal government, with the remaining $21.7 million, or 38 percent, of tax revenues being allocated to state and local governments.
Table 12. Recurring Fiscal Contributions of Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in thousands) Taxes Paid By Labor Capital Households Corporations Indirect Business Taxes Total: Federal Taxes $ 14,360 814 13,379 3,943 2,771 $35,267 State/Local Taxes $ 282 ----825 1,442 19,175 $21,724 Total Taxes $ 14,642 814 14,204 5,385 21,946 $56,991

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Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. See detail in Appendix II, Table B-5.

Baseball and other activities at the completed ballpark will be important generators of Sales Tax Revenues for the City of Miami and for the State of Florida. The Florida Marlins have prepared estimates of fan attendance and taxable revenues that will occur at the completed ballpark. On average, during the first five years of operations, the Florida Marlins forecast that ticket sales, concession revenues and other activities occurring at the ballpark will generate $10.9 million dollars of sales tax revenues each year, as shown in Table 13 below. It should be noted that these estimates do not include fiscal revenues associated with other taxes and fees, nor do they include taxes or fees collected on activities occurring outside of the completed ballpark.
Table 13. Sales Tax Generated at the Completed Florida Marlins Ballpark Yr. 1 Attendance (Tickets Sold) Total Sales Tax Ballpark Events Source: The Florida Marlins. 2,835,000 Yr. 2 2,700,000 Yr. 3 2,600,000 Yr. 4 2,400,000 Yr. 5 2,300,000 5 Yr. Avg. 2,567,000

$11,344,872 $11,150,232 $10,901,900 $10,474,521 $10,696,884 $10,913,682

Under Florida law, one half of one percent (0.50) of all local taxable expenditures, or one twelfth (1/12) of the States sales tax collections are transferred to local governments. Consultant estimates that recurring expenditures attributable to activities at the completed ballpark will average $156 million each year, and that the Citys portion of the associated sales taxes will be $780,000 each year.

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IV.

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH BASEBALLS JEWEL EVENTS

Major League Baseball has three high profile also known as Jewel events that have the potential to take place in the completed ballpark. These events are the Major League All-Star Game, the World Series (and the remaining portions of the Major League Baseball postseason) and the World Baseball Classic. All of these events draw large numbers of visitors to the host communities, as well as extensive media coverage of the host community in both the sports and mainstream media. Involvement in these events by either Miami as a host City, and/or the Florida Marlins as participants will generate significant economic impacts in addition to those already discussed. The Major League All-Star Game highlights a multi-day series of baseball-related events occurring in the host City. The All-Star Game pits the top players of the American and National Leagues against each other, and determines which league will have the home field advantage in that years World Series. Major League Baseball has an established pattern of awarding the All-Star Game to newly established teams and teams with new ballparks a few years after the teams are established or after the new ballpark is opened. While it cannot be guaranteed that the Florida Marlins will have the opportunity to host an All-Star Game in the future, past patterns and other indications from Major League Baseball strongly suggest that it is likely to happen at some point during the first five years of the ballparks existence. Economic impact analyses of prior years All-Star Games played at locations throughout the nation suggest that a wide range of potential economic impacts can occur if this event were held in Miami. The smallest economic impact was $37.6 million for the 1997 All-Star Game played in Cleveland, while the largest impact was $148.4 million for the 2008 All-Star Game played in New York6. The impacts of recent All-Star games held in markets similar to Miami include Houston, which hosted the 2004 All-Star game with an economic impact of $65 million, and Pittsburgh which hosted the 2006 All-Star Game with an economic impact of $52.3 million. The World Series takes place each October in the cities of the champions of the American and National Leagues. Each team has the potential to host between two and four games of this series, following the successful completion of their division and league play-offs. Like the World Series, the league play-offs are a best of seven series, guaranteeing each team a minimum of two home games, and a potential for four games during each of these series (The division play-offs are a best of five series). The World Series is followed throughout
6

Major League Baseball data.

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the world, with extensive press coverage for the duration of the series. Additionally, it draws large numbers of visitors to the host cities each year. Since the establishment of the Florida Marlins baseball team, the team has played in two World Series championships. Potential economic impacts for the City of Miami from the Marlins participation in a World Series are likely to be similar to the range of economic impacts associated with hosting the All-Star Game. The World Baseball Classic (WBC) takes place once every four years with the next Classic scheduled to be played in 2009. Given the Marlins proximity to over half of Major League Baseballs spring training facilities and Miami's proximity to many of the Caribbean nation teams (Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Puerto Rico) participating in the Classic, Miami will likely be a regular candidate to host the finals or one of the major rounds of the WBC every four years. Major League Baseball has indicated to the Marlins that the team is a strong candidate to host the 2013 World Baseball Classic if the new stadium is operational7. The Marlins will also have the opportunity to host practice and training sessions for one or more teams during each Classic, and the Marlins will also be a candidate to host one of the Classics first round brackets in any year that they are not selected to host the finals or semifinals of the Classic. Hosting activities associated with the World Baseball Classic will bring significant numbers of out-of-town visitors to Miami to attend these events, as well as creating significant national and international media coverage of the Classic and Miami as the host City for the event. Each of these events has the potential to significantly increase the economic impact of the Florida Marlins by drawing large numbers of visitors to Miami and thus generating favorable media coverage of the community. Further, the baseball Jewel events occur outside of South Floridas winter tourism season helping to increase patronage of South Floridas entertainment and visitor industries during periods of reduced activity. The impacts associated with these Jewel events are not included in this analysis and are additional to the recurring impacts associated with the Florida Marlins ongoing activities during the regular baseball season.

Information from the Florida Marlins.

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V.

CONCLUSION

The development phase and recurring operations of the proposed Florida Marlins Ballpark will be a significant generator of jobs in the building trades and the construction industries of Miami-Dade and the City of Miami. The ballpark will require large amounts of goods and materials, becoming an important customer for local companies that supply these products to the building industry. When completed, the ballpark will be home to the Florida Marlins Baseball Team and host over 80 baseball games each year, generating important economic impacts on jobs supported, labor income, economic output and fiscal revenues. Due to Miamis location and reputation as a premier vacation and recreation destination, the ballpark has the potential to host high profile baseball events as well as many other activities that can take advantage of the ballparks capabilities and Miamis varied and multiple amenities.

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APPENDIX I: METHODOLOGY

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IMPLAN MODEL

The multiplier impacts calculated by the IMPLAN model are based on input-output methodology, which explicitly considers the inter-industry linkages that exist within an economy. Each industry needs labor and inputs from other industries in order to produce economic output. Whenever an industry experiences an increase in the demand for its output, many other industries within that economy indirectly experience an increase in demand as well because of these inter-industry linkages. This increase in demand that results from the need for material inputs is called the indirect effects. In addition, an increase in production within a region also leads to an increase in household income through the hiring of workers, which in turn generates further demands for goods and services within the region. Firms also need to expand their base of physical capital to meet higher levels of demand, and this too stimulates regional economic growth. The latter effects are referred to as induced effects. The inter-industry linkages and the induced effects on consumer and capital spending lead to successive rounds of production, and this process results in an increase in output that exceeds the initial change in demand, or a multiplier effect. Similarly, the increase in household income will exceed the initial payroll increase encountered in the industry that experienced the original increase in demand. The total change in employment in the regional economy is a multiple of the direct change in employment. The following represents the system of equations that comprise the regional economy in an extended input-output model like IMPLAN:

x1 = a11 x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 + L + a1k xk + a1h xh + a1i xi + f1 x2 = a21 x1 + a22 x2 + a23 x3 + L + a2 k xk + a2 h xh + a2 I xI + f 2 x3 = a31 x1 + a32 x2 + a33 x3 + L + a3k xk + a3h xh + a3i xi + f 3 M xk = ak1 x1 + ak 2 x2 + ak 3 x3 + L + akk xk + akh xh + aki xi + f k xh = ah1x1 + ah 2 x2 + ah3 xh + L + ahk xk + ahh xh + ahi xi + f h xi = ai1x1 + ai 2 x2 + ai 3 xh + L + aik xk + aih xh + aii xi + f i
The variables x1 to xk represent total production of output in each industry. The coefficients

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aij represent the purchases from industry i that are needed to produce a dollar of output in industry j. These are known as the direct requirement coefficients. The variable xh refers to household income and the coefficients aih refer to the average amount of household income spent on purchases from industry i, or the average propensities to consume. The coefficients ahi are similar to the inter-industry purchases (aijs), but they represent the household income that is generated from each dollar of output produced in industry i. Similarly the variable xI represents regional spending on capital goods, and the coefficients aIj represents the spending on capital goods for each dollar of output produced in industry j. The coefficients ajI represent the amount purchased from industry j for each dollar spent on capital goods within the region. The variables fj represent the exogenous final demand faced by each industry, respectively. This system of equation reduces, using matrix notation, to the following solution for industry output and household income:

X = ( I A ) 1 F
X is the vector of industry outputs plus household income and F is a vector of exogenous final demands. The output multipliers (i.e., the change in industry output and household income that results from a change in final demand for the output of a particular industry) are given in the columns of the (I-A)-1 matrix. The IMPLAN software calculates these multipliers for counties, states and other sub-state regions. These multipliers can be used to provide a sense of the economic importance of an industry or an economic activity in a given region. The multipliers impacts for gross state product, labor and capital income and the government revenue impacts are derived from the basic output multipliers given by (I-A)-1. The IMPLAN model uses historical relationships between public-sector revenues and regional economic output in order to estimate the public-sector revenue impact resulting from the establishment of a new, or expansion of an existing economic activity.

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APPENDIX II: DETAILED IMPACT TABLES

DETAILED IMPACT TABLES

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DETAILED IMPACT TABLES

Within the main portion of this analysis, the economic impacts are presented at a summary level. Direct, indirect, and induced impacts are aggregated into the Total Impact, and Industries are summarized by function. The following tables present detailed impacts at the two-digit NAICS industry classification level. The following industry sector summarizations are used in this analysis. 1. Government and Other is the sum of: Agriculture & Forestry, Mining, Utilities, Company Management, and Government & Other 2. Knowledge-Based Services is the sum of: Information, Finance & Insurance, Real Estate, Professional Services, Administrative, Educational Services, Health & Social Services, Arts, Entertainment & Recreation, and Other Services 3. Wholesale Trade & Transportation Services is the sum of: Wholesale Trade, and Transportation & Warehousing 4. The Accommodation and Food Services sector was renamed to the Visitor Industry
List of Tables: Table A-1. Person Years of Employment Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark............................................................................................................................. 23 Table A-2. Labor Income Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ....... 24 Table A-3. Miami GDP Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark........................ 25 Table A-4. Economic Output Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ............... 26 Table A-5. Detailed Fiscal Contributions Attributable to Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark............................................................................................................................. 27 Table B-1. Recurring Employment Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations ..... 28 Table B-2. Recurring Labor Income Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations......................................................................................................................... 29 Table B-3. Recurring Miami GDP Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations.................... 30 Table B-4. Recurring Economic Output Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations......................................................................................................................... 31 Table B-5. Detailed Recurring Fiscal Contributions of the Florida Marlins Team Operations.......... 32

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Index

BALLPARK DEVELOPMENT
Table A-1. Person Years of Employment Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 4,544.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 229.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,774.0

0.2 0.1 2.4 6.8 53.9 56.5 66.9 244.5 16.5 54.1 64.4 456.1 12.6 219.3 2.6 0.0 7.2 35.5 30.9 4.0 1,334.5

1.1 0.0 5.9 7.2 29.8 62.7 51.4 315.4 20.1 92.7 83.4 68.6 11.8 85.5 62.8 378.1 38.4 181.6 165.1 11.0 1,672.6

1.3 0.1 8.3 4,558.4 83.7 119.2 118.3 559.9 36.6 146.8 147.8 754.3 24.4 304.8 65.4 378.1 45.6 217.1 196.0 15.0 7,781.1

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Table A-2. Labor Income Impacts Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in Thousands) Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 203,353.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,815.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,168.9

7.4 7.9 248.3 308.6 2,611.4 2,692.1 2,805.9 7,608.1 1,429.2 3,709.8 1,781.9 26,275.6 1,100.1 5,815.5 107.7 1.5 234.5 1,054.9 954.1 225.9 58,980.4

33.9 4.2 601.9 328.1 1,507.7 4,092.4 2,141.2 9,777.0 1,700.1 6,219.9 2,079.7 4,333.2 1,033.6 2,258.9 2,352.0 17,316.8 1,135.9 4,369.9 3,680.1 656.3 65,622.8

41.3 12.1 850.2 203,990.3 4,119.1 6,784.5 4,947.1 17,385.1 3,129.3 9,929.7 3,861.6 43,424.1 2,133.7 8,074.4 2,459.7 17,318.3 1,370.4 5,424.8 4,634.2 882.2 340,772.1

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Table A-3. Miami GDP Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in Thousands) Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 229,255.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,880.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 242,135.7

17.0 18.6 901.6 327.5 3,975.3 6,573.7 3,566.9 12,264.2 2,831.7 6,156.9 6,431.8 27,727.1 1,415.4 7,008.0 115.1 2.1 303.4 1,709.1 1,155.2 383.9 82,884.5

86.0 10.2 2,178.4 339.3 2,458.2 7,286.4 2,715.4 15,698.9 3,638.3 10,343.1 8,021.2 5,027.9 1,329.8 2,821.0 2,543.0 19,956.8 1,571.0 6,446.2 4,464.0 22,990.6 119,925.7

103.0 28.8 3,080.0 229,922.1 6,433.5 13,860.1 6,282.3 27,963.1 6,470.0 16,500.0 14,453.0 45,635.4 2,745.2 9,829.0 2,658.1 19,958.9 1,874.4 8,155.3 5,619.2 23,374.5 444,945.9

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Table A-4. Economic Output Arising from Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in Thousands) Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 444,504.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,548.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101.1 470,153.2

21.5 42.1 1,136.1 781.5 12,921.0 9,747.3 6,596.3 18,501.6 5,732.4 10,643.8 10,442.8 54,048.2 2,420.1 10,722.3 184.5 4.3 464.0 2,827.4 2,350.9 838.4 150,426.5

119.9 23.4 2,765.0 791.4 10,322.0 10,804.1 5,125.0 23,743.2 7,513.8 19,090.2 12,109.0 8,950.7 2,273.7 4,654.5 3,967.6 32,536.3 2,501.4 11,668.5 8,459.6 26,965.6 194,384.9

141.4 65.5 3,901.1 446,076.9 23,243.0 20,551.4 11,721.3 42,244.8 13,246.2 29,734.0 22,551.8 88,547.0 4,693.8 15,376.8 4,152.1 32,540.6 2,965.4 14,495.9 10,810.5 27,905.1 814,964.6

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Table A-5. Detailed Fiscal Contributions Attributable to Development of the Florida Marlins Ballpark ($ in Thousands) Taxes Paid By Tax Indirect Business Labor Capital Households Corporations Taxes Federal Taxes Transfer Payments $261.4 Corporate Profits Taxes $7,949.7 Customs Duties $552.4 Excise Taxes $1,489.1 Non-Tax Payments $675.1 Income Taxes $33,648.8 Social Ins. Taxes - Employees $14,908.3 $3,891.0 Social Ins. Taxes - Employers $15,129.1 Total Federal Taxes $30,298.8 $3,891.0 $33,648.8 $7,949.7 $2,716.6 State & Local Taxes Corporate Profits Tax $1,052.8 Dividends $1,855.0 Business Motor Vehicle Licenses $150.0 Other Business Taxes $2,083.2 Business Property Taxes $6,565.1 Business Non Tax Payments $835.7 Business Sales Taxes $9,139.4 Severance Taxes $21.6 Personal Motor Vehicle Licenses $432.0 Personal Fines & Fees $1,434.3 Personal Use Taxes & Fees $26.5 Personal Property Taxes $183.2 Social Ins. Taxes - Employees $119.0 Social Ins. Taxes - Employers $476.4 Total State & Local Taxes $595.4 $2,076.0 $2,907.8 $18,795.0 Total Taxes $30,894.2 $3,891.0 $35,724.8 $10,857.5 $21,511.6 Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

Total $261.4 $7,949.7 $552.4 $1,489.1 $675.1 $33,648.8 $18,799.3 $15,129.1 $78,504.9 $1,052.8 $1,855.0 $150.0 $2,083.2 $6,565.1 $835.7 $9,139.4 $21.6 $432.0 $1,434.3 $26.5 $183.2 $119.0 $476.4 $24,374.2 $102,879.1

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ONGOING TEAM OPERATIONS

Table B-1. Recurring Employment Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,077.5 546.1 29.0 0.0 1,666.9

0.1 0.0 1.5 5.4 6.5 6.9 16.4 7.4 8.1 13.9 24.2 35.0 5.6 50.3 0.5 1.3 168.6 10.9 11.7 2.5 376.8

0.5 0.0 2.3 2.9 11.8 24.9 20.4 125.3 8.0 36.8 33.1 27.2 4.7 33.9 25.0 150.2 15.2 72.1 65.6 4.6 664.5

0.6 0.0 3.8 8.3 18.3 31.8 39.2 144.6 16.1 50.7 57.3 62.2 10.3 84.2 25.5 151.5 1,261.3 629.1 106.3 7.1 2,708.2

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Table B-2. Recurring Labor Income Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in Thousands) Industry Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

Direct 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.5 301.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,867.0 16,892.0 579.0 0.0 95,693.1

Impacts Indirect Induced 2.2 0.6 152.0 244.3 290.5 452.6 620.1 229.5 691.8 979.4 656.3 2,029.8 489.0 1,456.2 18.3 60.2 9,478.4 305.3 296.1 163.9 18,616.5 13.5 1.7 239.0 130.3 598.9 1,625.5 850.7 3,883.7 675.4 2,470.9 825.9 1,721.3 410.6 897.4 935.1 6,880.0 451.4 1,736.1 1,462.5 260.7 26,070.6

Total 15.7 2.3 391.0 374.6 889.4 2,078.1 1,524.3 4,414.8 1,367.2 3,450.3 1,482.2 3,751.1 899.6 2,353.6 953.4 6,940.2 87,796.8 18,933.4 2,337.6 424.6 140,380.2

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Table B-3. Recurring Miami GDP Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in Thousands) Impacts Industry Direct Indirect Induced Total Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.7 418.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,331.8 27,760.7 834.8 0.0 127,419.5

4.8 1.4 552.0 260.5 442.8 805.8 773.0 370.0 1,298.9 1,667.6 2,958.9 2,339.9 629.1 1,905.1 20.4 83.2 12,559.4 483.3 346.5 258.0 27,760.6

34.2 4.0 865.1 134.8 976.4 2,894.1 1,078.9 6,236.0 1,445.4 4,108.7 3,185.2 1,997.3 528.2 1,120.7 1,011.0 7,928.8 624.3 2,561.0 1,774.0 9,137.0 47,645.1

39.0 5.4 1,417.1 395.3 1,419.2 3,699.9 1,925.6 7,024.5 2,744.3 5,776.3 6,144.1 4,337.2 1,157.3 3,025.8 1,031.4 8,012.0 111,515.5 30,805.0 2,955.3 9,395.0 202,825.2

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Table B-4. Recurring Economic Output Impacts Arising from the Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in Thousands) Industry Agriculture & Forestry Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Transportation & Warehousing Retail Trade Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate Professional Services Company Management Administrative Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodation & Food Services Other Services Government & Other Total:
Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

Direct 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125.0 557.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,133.0 45,305.1 1,548.9 0.0 177,669.5

Impacts Indirect Induced 7.1 3.2 692.7 626.3 1,664.2 1,194.9 1,275.5 558.1 2,704.2 2,684.0 4,741.2 4,466.5 1,075.8 3,301.9 32.6 173.2 16,903.8 817.1 651.0 570.4 44,143.7 47.6 9.3 1,098.0 314.4 4,099.7 4,291.3 2,036.2 9,431.4 2,985.0 7,584.0 4,808.7 3,555.7 903.2 1,849.2 1,577.4 12,926.8 994.0 4,635.8 3,361.9 10,716.4 77,226.0

Total 54.7 12.5 1,790.7 940.7 5,763.9 5,486.2 3,436.7 10,547.0 5,689.2 10,268.0 9,549.9 8,022.2 1,979.0 5,151.1 1,610.0 13,100.0 148,030.8 50,758.0 5,561.8 11,286.8 299,039.2

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Table B-5. Detailed Recurring Fiscal Contributions of the Florida Marlins Team Operations ($ in Thousands) Taxes Paid By Tax Labor Capital Households Corporations Federal Taxes Transfer Payments Corporate Profits Taxes Customs Duties Excise Taxes Non-Tax Payments Income Taxes Social Ins. Taxes - Employees Social Ins. Taxes - Employers Total Federal Taxes Corporate Profits Tax Dividends Business Motor Vehicle Licenses Other Business Taxes Business Property Taxes Business Non Tax Payments Business Sales Taxes Severance Taxes Personal Motor Vehicle Licenses Personal Fines & Fees Personal Use Taxes & Fees Personal Property Taxes Social Ins. Taxes - Employees Social Ins. Taxes - Employers Total State & Local Taxes Total Taxes Source: The Washington Economics Group, Inc. $123.8 $3,942.6

Indirect Business Taxes

Total

$563.6 $1,519.1 $688.7 $13,378.8 $7,065.8 $7,170.4 $14,360.0 $813.8 $813.8 $13,378.8 State & Local Taxes $3,942.6 $522.1 $920.0 $153.0 $2,125.3 $6,697.6 $852.6 $9,323.9 $22.0 $171.8 $570.3 $10.5 $72.8 $56.4 $225.8 $282.2 $14,642.2 $2,771.4

$123.8 $3,942.6 $563.6 $1,519.1 $688.7 $13,378.8 $7,879.6 $7,170.4 $35,266.6 $522.1 $920.0 $153.0 $2,125.3 $6,697.6 $852.6 $9,323.9 $22.0 $171.8 $570.3 $10.5 $72.8 $56.4 $225.8 $21,724.1 $56,990.7

$0.0 $813.8

$825.4 $14,204.2

$1,442.1 $5,384.7

$19,174.4 $21,945.8

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THE WASHINGTON ECONOMICS GROUP, INC. PROJECT TEAM AND QUALIFICATIONS

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J. ANTONIO TONY VILLAMIL Dean, School of Business of St. Thomas University of Florida and Principal Advisor of The Washington Economics Group, Inc.

Tony Villamil has over thirty years of successful experience as a business economist, University educator and high-level policymaker at both federal and state governments. He has served as a Presidential appointee U.S. Undersecretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs, and is the founder of a successful economic consulting practice, The Washington Economics Group, Inc. (WEG). Since August 2008, Tony is the Dean of the School of Business of St. Thomas University of Miami, while continuing to serve as Principal Advisor to the clients of WEG. Tony is a member of the Presidents Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations in Washington, D.C. He is the immediate past Chairman of the Governors Council of Economic Advisors of Florida, and during 1999-2000, he directed the Tourism, Trade and Economic Development activities of the State in the Office of Governor Jeb Bush. Presently, he is on the Board of Directors of the Spanish Broadcasting System (NASDAQ), Mercantil Commercebank, N.A. and Enterprise Florida the States principal economic development organization. Among other leadership positions, he served in 2008 as the economist of the Constitutionally mandated Tax and Budget Reform Commission of Florida (TBRC), and is currently Chairman of the Economic Roundtable of the Beacon Council Miami-Dade Countys official economic development organization. He is also a Senior Research Fellow of Florida TaxWatch, an established fiscal and policy research organization of the State. After winning the gubernatorial election in November 2006, then Governor-elect Charlie Crist appointed him as his Economic Advisor during the transition period. Tony earned bachelor and advanced degrees in Economics from Louisiana State University (LSU), where he also completed coursework for the Ph.D. degree. In 1991, Florida International University (FIU) awarded him a doctoral degree in Economics (hc), for distinguished contributions to the Nation in the field of economics. He speaks frequently to business, government and university audiences on economic topics, and was until the summer of 2008 a member of the Graduate Business Faculty of Florida International University (FIU).

CHARLES K. YAROS Associate Consultant for Economics

Chuck Yaros is an Associate Consultant for Economics at The Washington Economics Group, Inc. (WEG). He serves as economic consultant in the areas of financial economics and economic impact studies. Prior to joining WEG he was a Vice President and Portfolio Strategist at Shay Financial Services in Miami where he specialized in developing, implementing and managing interest rate risk and capital optimization strategies for financial institutions. Mr. Yaros has over 20 years of experience as a business and financial economist, having worked in a number of positions of progressive responsibility in the South Florida business community. Additionally, he has spoken and taught courses on financial risk management. Chuck received his undergraduate degree in Economics with Honors from Trinity College and his Masters degree in Economics from Duke University, where he also completed course work for the Ph.D. degree. Chuck and his family are residents of Coral Gables, Florida. The Washington Economics Group, headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida, has been successfully meeting client objectives since 1993 through strategic consulting services for corporations and institutions based in the Americas. The Group has the expertise, highlevel contacts, and business alliances to strengthen a firms competitive position in the rapidly expanding market places of Florida, and Latin America.

The Washington Economics Group, Inc. (WEG) has been successfully meeting client objectives since 1993 through economic consulting services for corporations, institutions and governments of the Americas. We have the expertise, high-level contacts, and business alliances to strengthen your competitive positioning in the growing marketplaces of Florida and Latin America.

Our roster of satisfied clients, over the past fourteen years, includes multinational corporations, financial institutions, public entities, and non-profit associations expanding their operations in the Americas. EXCLUSIVE CONSULTING APPROACH:
Each client is unique to us. We spend considerable time and effort in understanding the operations, goals, and objectives of clients as they seek our consulting and strategic advice. We are not a mass-production consulting entity nor do we accept every project that comes to us. We engage a limited number of clients each year that require customized consulting services in our premier areas of specialization. These premier and exclusive services are headed by former U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce, Dr. J. Antonio Villamil, with over twenty-five years of experience as a business executive and as a senior public official of the U.S. and most recently of Florida.

PREMIER CONSULTING SERVICES:

Comprehensive Corporate Expansion Services. Our seamless and customized service includes site selection analysis, development of incentive strategies and community and governmental relations. Economic Impact Studies highlight the importance of a client's activities in the generation of income, output and employment in the market area serviced by the entity. These studies are also utilized to analyze the impact of public policies on key factors that may affect a client's activities such as tax changes, zoning, environmental permits and others. Strategic Business Development Services. These services are customized to meet client objectives, with particular emphasis in the growing marketplaces of Florida, Mexico, Central and South America. Recent consulting assignments include customized marketing strategies, country risk assessments for investment decisions and corporate spokesperson activities and speeches on behalf of the client at public or private meetings.

For a full description of WEG capabilities and services, please visit our website at: www.weg.com

Representative Client List 1993-2008 Multinational Corporations Lockheed Martin FedEx Latin America IBM Motorola SBC Communications Ameritech International Lucent Technologies MediaOne/AT&T Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc. (Vivendi) Microsoft Latin America Carrier Medtronic Phelps Dodge Esso Inter-America Visa International MasterCard International Telefonica Data Systems Bureau Veritas (BIVAC) Merck Latin America DMJM & Harris DLA Piper Wilbur Smith Associates PBSJ Financial Institutions International Bank of Miami Pan American Life ABN-AMRO Bank Barclays Bank Lazard Freres & Co. Banque Nationale de Paris HSBC/Marine Midland Fiduciary Trust International Sun Trust Corporation First Union National Bank (Wachovia) Union Planters Bank of Florida (Regions) Bank Atlantic Corp. Hemisphere National Bank BankUnited, FSB Mercantil Commercebank N.A. PointeBank, N.A. The Equitable/AXA Advisors

Public Institutions, Non-Profit Organizations & Universities Baptist Health Systems Jackson Health Systems Miami-Dade Expressway Authority Miami-Dade College Miami Museum of Science Zoological Society of Florida Florida International University University of Miami Universidad Politcnica de Puerto Rico Sistema Universitario Ana G. Mndez (SUAGM) Keiser University Full Sail Real World Education Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University (FAMU) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) United Nations Economic Development Program (UNDP) Florida Ports Council Florida Sports Foundation Florida Citrus Mutual Florida Nursing Homes Alliance Florida Bankers Association Florida Outdoor Advertising Association City of Plantation City of West Palm Beach Economic Development Commission of Lee County Economic Development Commission of Miami-Dade (Beacon Council) Economic Development Commission of Mid-Florida Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce SW Florida Regional Chamber of Commerce Enterprise Florida, Inc. The Beacon Council Visit Florida Louisiana Committee for Economic Development University of South Florida/ENLACE Space Florida State of Florida

Florida-Based Corporations Sprint of Florida Florida Marlins Flo-Sun Sugar Corp. Farm Stores The BMI Companies Spillis Candela & Partners The Biltmore Hotel/Seaway Trammel Crow Company Advantage Capital WCI Development Companies Iberia Tiles Florida Hospital Mercy Hospital The St. Joe Companies Florida Power & Light (FPL) International Speedway Corporation

Latin America-Based Institutions - Federation of Inter-American Financial Institutions (FIBAFIN) - The Brunetta Group of Argentina - Association of Peruvian Banks - Peruvian Management Institute (IPAE) - Mercantil Servicios Financieros, Venezuela - Allied-Domecq, Mexico - Fonalledas Enterprises