Ms.

Cannistraci
Name:_____________
Date:________
You must complete one of the following essays on the Roles of Individuals in
History. You may choose whichever one you wish. When you answer the essay
please circle the essay you chose to answer.
Please remember to review the rubric.
The Following Essays Address the Role of Individuals in History. These
individuals brought about change in their country or region, inspired cultural
and intellectual life in their country or led to political change.

THEMATIC ESSAY QUESTION

Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several
paragraphs addressing the task
below, and a conclusion.

Theme: Change Ideas

The ideas of individuals have had a significant influence on groups, nations,
and regions.
Task:
Select two individuals and for each
Explain a specific idea developed by the individual
Describe the historical circumstances that surrounded the development of
the idea
Discuss how the idea influenced a group or a nation or a region
You may use any individual whose ideas had a significant influence from your
study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include
Confucius, Niccol Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei, John Locke, Simn Bolvar, Karl
Marx, Kemal Atatrk, Nelson Mandela, Deng Xiaoping, and Mikhail Gorbachev.
You are not limited to these suggestions.
Do not write about any individual from the United States in your answer.

Theme: Culture and Intellectual Life

Intellectuals, philosophers, and leaders have often recorded their ideas in written
works. These ideas have been used throughout history to guide societies and
influence the course of national and regional development.
Task:
Select two intellectuals, philosophers, and/or leaders and writing associated
with that person and for each
Describe the historical circumstances surrounding this writing
Describe a main idea found in this writing
Discuss how this idea has influenced the development of a nation or region
You may use any intellectuals, philosophers, or leaders from your study of global
history.
Some suggestions you might wish to consider include:
Bartolom de las CasasBrief Report on the Destruction of the Indians
Martin LutherNinety-five Theses
John LockeTwo Treatises on Government
Olympe de GougesThe Declaration of the Rights of Woman
Karl MarxCommunist Manifesto
Theodor HerzlOn the Jewish State
Adolf HitlerMein Kampf
Mao ZedongLittle Red Book
Nelson MandelaLong Walk to Freedom
You are not limited to these suggestions.
Do not use any intellectual, philosopher, or leader from the United States in
your answer.

Theme: Political Change

Often, governments implement policies in an attempt to change society.
Task:
Choose one example from global history where a government attempted to
change society and
Describe the change the government wanted to bring about
Explain why the government wanted to make this change
Describe one specific policy the government used to try to bring about this
change
Discuss the extent to which this change was achieved

You may use any example of governmental change from your study of global
history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include efforts to
strengthen the Empire of Mali under Mansa Musa, Reformation in
England under Henry VIII, westernization of Russia under Peter the Great, Reign
of Terror during the French Revolution under Robespierre, Meiji Restoration in
Japan under the Emperor Meiji, modernization of Turkey under Atatrk, five-year
plans in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, fascism in Italy under Benito
Mussolini, and oil policies in Venezuela under Hugo Chvez, communism under
Mao Zedong or Deng Xiaoping
You are not limited to these suggestions.

Theme: Change
The ideas and beliefs of philosophers and leaders have led to changes in nations
and regions.
Task:
Choose two philosophers and/or leaders and for each
Explain a major idea or belief of that philosopher or leader
Discuss how that idea or belief changed one nation or region
You may use any philosophers or leaders from your study of global history. Some
suggestions you might wish to consider include Confucius, John Locke, Adam
Smith, Simn Bolvar, Otto von Bismarck, Vladimir Lenin, Mohandas Gandhi, Mao
Zedong, Fidel Castro, or Nelson Mandela.
You are not limited to these suggestions.
Do not use a philosopher or leader from the United States in your answer.

Theme: Change
Throughout history, the actions of leaders have changed the society in which they
lived.
Task:
Identify two leaders who changed the society in which they lived and for each
Describe one situation the leader attempted to change
Describe one action the leader took to change this situation
Discuss the impact of that action on the society in which the leader lived
You may use any leader from your study of global history and geography.
Some suggestions you might wish to consider include

Martin Luther, Queen Elizabeth I, Toussaint LOuverture, Napoleon Bonaparte,

Simn Bolvar, Otto von Bismarck, Mohandas Gandhi, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh,
Fidel Castro, and Nelson Mandela.
You are not limited to these suggestions.

Revised Generic Scoring Rubric - Appendix A

Appendix A: Revised Thematic Essay Generic Scoring Rubric (February 2004)
Score of 5:

Thoroughly develops all aspects of the task evenly and in depth

Is more analytical than descriptive (analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates* information)
Richly supports the theme with many relevant facts, examples, and details
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a
conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

Score of 4:

Develops all aspects of the task but may do so somewhat unevenly

Is both descriptive and analytical (applies, analyzes, evaluates, and/or creates
information)
Supports the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details
Demonstrates a logical and clear plan of organization; includes an introduction and a
conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme

Score of 3:

Develops all aspects of the task with little depth or develops most aspects of the task in
some depth
Is more descriptive than analytical (applies, may analyze, and/or evaluate information)
Includes some relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some minor
inaccuracies
Demonstrates a satisfactory plan of organization; includes an introduction and a
conclusion that may be a restatement of the theme

Score of 2:

Minimally develops all aspects of the task or develops some aspects of the task in some
depth
Is primarily descriptive; may include faulty, weak, or isolated application or analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, and details; may include some inaccuracies

Demonstrates a general plan of organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions;
may not clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an
introduction and/or a conclusion

Score of 1:

Minimally develops some aspects of the task

Is descriptive; may lack understanding, application, or analysis
Includes few relevant facts, examples, or details; may include inaccuracies
May demonstrate a weakness in organization; may lack focus; may contain digressions;
may not clearly identify which aspect of the task is being addressed; may lack an
introduction and/or a conclusion

Score of 0:

Fails to develop the task or may only refer to the theme in a general way; OR includes no
relevant facts, examples, or details; OR includes only the theme, task, or suggestions as
copied from the test booklet; OR is illegible; OR is a blank paper

* The term create as used by Anderson/Krathwohl, et al. in their 2001 revision of Blooms
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives refers to the highest level of the cognitive domain. This
usage of create is similar to Blooms use of the term synthesis. Creating implies an insightful
reorganization of information into a new pattern or whole. While a level 5 paper will contain
analysis and/or evaluation of information, a very strong paper may also include examples of
creating information as defined by Anderson and Krathwohl.

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