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BAB III
PERENCANAAN ATAP
A. Rencana Atap
Grd
K1
Grd
KK1
Grd
KK
K1
KK1
5.00 m
KK1
KK
K1
Grd
KK1
K2
Grd
K1
KK2
Grd
KK2
K2
5.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
K2
5.00 m
: kuda-kuda utama.
KK2
: kuda-kuda anakan.
K1
K2
: jurai anakan.
KK
Grd
: gording.
B. Uraian Umum
Atap adalah bagian dari konstruksi bangunan yang berfungsi untuk melindungi
konstruksi bangunan tersebut dari pengaruh cuaca secara langsung. Adapun bagianbagian dari atap adalah sebagai berikut :
28
a. Penutup atap
: bagian dari atap yang paling atas yang berfungsi untuk menutupi
atap dan bangunan di bawahnya.
b. Gording
c. Rangka atap
).
C. Dasar Perencanaan
Dasar perencanaan yang dimaksud di sini adalah data-data dari perencanaan atap
itu sendiri, seperti kuda-kuda, gording, dan bracing/trakstan, yaitu :
a. Bentuk rangka kuda-kuda
: seperti tergambar.
: 5,00 m.
c. Bentang kuda-kuda
: 10,00 m.
d.
Kemiringan atap ()
: 30,96.
e.
Bahan gording
f.
: genteng.
h. Alat sambung
: baut-mur.
).
29
: 1,9437 m.
j. Bentuk atap
: limasan.
k.
: 1600 kg/cm2.
D. Perencanaan Gording
1. Perencanaan Pembebanan
Dicoba menggunakan gording dengan dimensi baja profil tipe double lip
channels (
a. Berat gording
b.
Ix
= 12,30 kg/m.
= 362 cm4.
d.
Wx
= 58,0 cm3.
e.
Wy
= 45,0 cm3.
Iy = 225 cm4.
Kemiringan atap ()
= 30,96.
= 1,9473 m.
= 5,00 m
c.
= 50 kg/m2.
b.
Beban angin
= 25 kg/m2.
c.
= 100 kg/m2.
d.
= 18 kg/m2.
e.
Perhitungan Pembebanan
=
=
=
1,9437 m x 50 kg/m
=
q =
2
y
x
qx
qy
12,30 kg/m
97,1825 kg/m
+
109,4825 kg/m
30
hidup
angin
W1
W2
W1
W2
W2
W1
W1
W2
31
2)
Beban yang bekerja tegak lurus sumbu x, maka hanya ada harga Mx :
1)
2)
B. Mati
B. Hidup
(kgm)
293,388
176,006
(kgm)
107,191
64,305
3.
Angin
Tekan
Hisap
---10,6512
--- 19,4365
Kombinasi (kgm)
Primer
Sekunder
400,5789
240,3110
400,5789
231,5257
M x M y 40057,89 24031,10
+
=
+
Wx W y
58,0
45,0
M x M y 40057,89 23152,57
+
=
+
Wx W y
58,0
45,0
Jadi, baja profil dengan mutu Bj-37 (ijin = 1600 kg/cm2) aman untuk digunakan
sebagai bahan gording.
4.
32
1
1
xL=
x 5,0 m
250
250
= 0,02 m
= 2,0 cm
z ijin =
5 x q x x L4
Px x L3
zx =
+
384 x E x I y 48 x E x I y
5 x 0,563221 x (500) 4
51,444 x (500) 3
=
+
384 x 2,1 . 106 x 225 48 x 2,1 .106 x 225
= 0,9701 + 0,2835
= 1,2536 cm
zy =
5 x q y x L4
384 x E x I x
Py x L3
48 x E x I x
(1,2536 ) 2 + (1,2988 ) 2
= 1,8051 cm
z zijin
2,00 cm
aman !!!
E. Perhitungan Kuda-kuda
1.
33
17
2
1
15
14
18
16
19
20
13
3.00 m
6
21
1.9473 m
1.9473 m
10
1.9473 m
11
10
12
11
1.9473 m
12
1.9473 m
1.9473 m
. OK !!!
P1
2
8
10
9
P5
1.9473 m
P6
1.9473 m
3.00 m
11
P7
1.9473 m
34
Panjang (m)
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,667
1,667
1,667
No. Batang
7
8
9
10
11
Panjang (m)
1,00
2,6036
2,00
3,432
3,00
1)
= 50 kg/m2
2)
Berat plafond
= 11 kg/m2
3)
Berat penggantung
4)
= 100 kg/m2
5)
= (40 0,8)
7 kg/m2
= 15,232 kg/m2
Perhitungan beban vertikal (grafitasi) :
1)
Beban P1
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2)
Beban P2
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
12,204 kg
61,50 kg
242,9625 kg
45,8425 kg
29,1725 kg
1,2204 kg
3,6612 kg
100,00 kg
74,016 kg
570,5631 kg
575 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
16,519 kg
61,50 kg
485,925 kg
1,6519 kg
4,9557 kg
100,00 kg
148,032 kg
818,5836 kg
820 kg
35
3)
Beban P3
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
2,6036) . 6,76
12,5 . 5,0
(1,9437 + 1,9437) . 5,0 . 50
10% . 28,6996
30% . 28,6996
(1,9437 + 1,9437) . 5,0 . 15,232
P3
4)
Beban P4
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
5)
Beban P5
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
=
=
=
=
=
6)
Beban P6
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
6,76
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 11
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 7
= 10% . 29,6291
=
P6
7)
Beban P7
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
28,6996 kg
61,50 kg
485,925 kg
2,870 kg
8,6099 kg
100,00 kg
148,032 kg
835,6365 kg
840 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
28,3095 kg
61,50 kg
242,9625 kg
2,8310 kg
8,4929 kg
100,00 kg
74,016 kg
518,1119 kg
520 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
23,449 kg
91,6850 kg
58,345 kg
2,3449 kg
100,00 kg
275,8239 kg
280 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
29,6291 kg
91,6850 kg
58,345 kg
2,9629 kg
100,00 kg
282,6620 kg
285 kg
=
=
=
15,7745 kg
45,8425 kg
29,1725 kg
36
= 10% . 15,7745
=
P7
= 0,02 0,40
= (0,02 x 30,96) 0,40 = 0,2192
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . 1,9437 . 0,2192 . 25 . 5,0
= 26,6287 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . (1,9437 + 1,9437) . 0,2192 . 25 . 5,0
= 53,2574 kg
c) Wt1(x) = Wt4(x)
Wt1(y) = Wt4(y)
d) Wt2(x) = Wt3(x)
Wt2(y) = Wt3(y)
= 0,40
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . 1,9437 . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0 = 48,5925 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . (1,9437 + 1,9437) . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0
=
=
=
1,5775 kg
100,00 kg
192,2670 kg
195 kg
37
= 97,1850 kg
c) Wh1(x) = Wh4(x) = 48,5925 . cos 59,04
= 24,9979 kg
Wh1(y) = Wh4(y) = 48,5925 . cos 30,96
= 41,6694 kg
d) Wh2(x) = Wh3(x) = 97,1850 . cos 59,04
= 49,9958 kg
Wh2(y) = Wh3(y) = 97,1850. cos 30,96
= 83,3387 kg
3.
P1
10
9
P5
2.357 m
P6
2.357 m
3.00 m
11
P7
2.357 m
Panjang (m)
2,5604
2,5604
2,5604
2,357
2,357
2,357
No. Batang
7
8
9
10
11
Panjang (m)
1,00
3,091
2,00
3,8152
3,00
38
1)
= 50 kg/m2
2)
Berat plafond
= 11 kg/m2
3)
Berat penggantung
4)
= 100 kg/m2
5)
= (40 0,8)
7 kg/m2
= 21,608 kg/m2
Perhitungan beban vertikal (grafitasi) :
1)
Beban P1
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
7,54
12,5 . 5,0
(2,5604) . 5,0 . 50
(2,357) . 5,0 . 11
(2,357) . 5,0 . 7
10% . 25,4261
30% . 25,4261
(2,5604) . 5,0 . 21,608
P1
2)
Beban P2
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3)
Beban P3
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
+ (3,091) . 7,54
12,5 . 5,0
(2,5604 + 2,5604) . 5,0 . 50
10% . 57,6534
30% . 57,6534
(2,5604 + 2,5604) . 5,0 . 21,608
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
25,4261 kg
61,50 kg
320,050 kg
64,8175 kg
41,2475 kg
2,5426 kg
7,6278 kg
100,00 kg
138,3128 kg
761,5243 kg
kg
=
39,5404 kg
=
61,50 kg
= 640,100 kg
=
3,9540 kg
=
11,8621 kg
= 100,00 kg
= 276,6260 kg
= 1133,5825 kg
kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
57,6534 kg
61,50 kg
640,100 kg
5,7653 kg
17,2960 kg
100,00 kg
276,6260 kg
39
4)
= 1158,9407 kg
P3
1160 kg
Beban P4
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
= (2,5604
+ 3,0) . 12,92 +
(3,8152) . 7,54
12,5 . 5,0
(2,5604) . 5,0 . 50
10% . 50,3035
30% . 50,3035
=
=
=
=
=
= (2,5604) . 5,0 . 21,608
P4
5)
Beban P5
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
6)
Beban P6
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
+ (2,0) . 12,92
= (2,357 + 2,357) . 5,0 . 11
= (2,357 + 2,357) . 5,0 . 7
= 10% . 45,0751
=
P5
7)
Beban P7
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
50,3035 kg
61,50 kg
320,050 kg
5,030 kg
15,0911 kg
100,00 kg
138,3128 kg
690,2874 kg
695 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
35,8849 kg
129,635 kg
82,4950 kg
3,5885 kg
100,00 kg
351,6034 kg
355 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
45,0751 kg
129,635 kg
82,4950 kg
4,5075 kg
100,00 kg
361,7126 kg
365 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
28,2659 kg
64,8175 kg
41,2475 kg
2,8266 kg
100,00 kg
237,1575 kg
240 kg
40
= 0,02 0,40
= (0,02 x 22,99) 0,40
= 0,0598
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . 2,5604 . 0,0598 . 25 . 5,0 = 9,56957 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . (2,5604 + 2,5604) . 0,0598 . 25 . 5,0 = 19,1390 kg
c) Wt1(x) = Wt4(x) = 9,5695 . cos 67,01
= 3,7376 kg
Wt1(y) = Wt4(y)
d) Wt2(x) = Wt3(x)
Wt2(y) = Wt3(y)
= 0,40
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . 2,5604 . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0 = 64,010 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . (2,5604 + 2,5604) . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0 = 128,020 kg
c) Wh1(x) = Wh4(x) = 64,010 . cos 67,01
= 25,0004 kg
Wh1(y) = Wh4(y) = 64,010 . cos 22,99
= 58,9259 kg
d) Wh2(x) = Wh3(x) = 128,020 . cos 67,01
= 50,0008 kg
41
P2
P5
P6
18
P1
17
15
19
20
13
21
P8
1.9473 m
a)
16
14
9
10
P9
1.9473 m
P10
1.9473 m
11
P11
1.9473 m
12
P12
1.9473 m
1.9473 m
Gambar
Pembebanan
Perhitun
gan10
panjang
batang vertikal pada kuda-kuda utama (KK)
Panjang (m)
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,667
No. Batang
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
= 50 kg/m2
2)
Berat plafond
= 11 kg/m2
3)
Berat penggantung
4)
= 100 kg/m2
7 kg/m2
Panjang (m)
1,667
1,00
2,6034
2,00
3,4319
3,00
3,4319
2,00
2,6034
1,00
P7
42
5)
= (40 0,8)
= 15,232 kg/m2
Beban P1 = P7
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
8,94
12,5 . 5,0
(1,9437) . 5,0 . 50
(1,667) . 5,0 . 11
(1,667) . 5,0 . 7
10% . 20,7270
30% . 20,7270
(1,9437) . 5,0 . 15,232
P1 = P7
2)
Beban P2 = P6
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
(1,00) . 6,76
12,5 . 5,0
(1,9437 + 1,9437) . 5,0 . 50
10% . 29,9309
30% . 29,9309
=
=
=
=
=
= (1,9437 + 1,9437) . 5,0 . 15,232
Beban P3 = P5
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
= (1,9437 + 1,9437) . 5,0 . 15,232
Beban P4
Beban kuda-kuda
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
29,9309 kg
61,50 kg
485,925 kg
2,9931 kg
8,9793 kg
100,00 kg
148,032 kg
837,3605 kg
840 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
42,1104 kg
61,50 kg
485,925 kg
4,2110 kg
12,6331 kg
100,00 kg
148,032 kg
856,4117 kg
860 kg
P3 = P5
4)
20,7270 kg
61,50 kg
242,9625 kg
45,8425 kg
29,1725 kg
2,0727 kg
6,2181 kg
100,00 kg
74,016 kg
582,5114 kg
585 kg
P2 = P6
3)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
43
Beban gording
Beban atap
Beban plat sambung
Beban bracing
Beban hidup
Beban air hujan
=
=
=
=
=
=
5)
Beban P8 = P12
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
+ 2,6034) . 6,76
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 11
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 7
= 10% . 27,0825
=
P8 = P12
6)
Beban P9 = P11
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
+ 3,4319) . 6,76
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 11
= (1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 7
= 10% . 33,2628
=
P9 = P11
7)
Beban P10
Beban kuda-kuda
Beban plafond
Beban penggantung
Beban plat sambung
Beban hidup
B. reaksi jurai
B. reaksi kuda
=
=
=
=
=
=
(3,0) . 6,76
(1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 11
(1,667 + 1,667) . 5,0 . 7
10% . 25,0430
2 . 2203,1169 kg
P10
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
59,8906 kg
61,50 kg
485,9250 kg
5,9891 kg
17,9672 kg
100,00 kg
148,0322 kg
879,3041 kg
880 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
27,0825 kg
91,6850 kg
58,345 kg
2,7083 kg
100,00 kg
279,8208 kg
280 kg
=
=
=
=
=
=
33,2628 kg
91,6850 kg
58,345 kg
3,3263 kg
100,00 kg
286,6191 kg
290 kg
=
25,0430 kg
=
91,6850 kg
=
58,3450 kg
=
2,5043 kg
= 100,00 kg
= 4406,2338 kg
= 1656,3334 kg
= 6340,1445 kg
6345 kg
44
= 0,02 0,40
= (0,02 x 30,96) 0,40
= 0,2192
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . 1,9437 . 0,2192 . 25 . 5,0
= 26,6287 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin tekan x beban angin x L
= . (1,9437 + 1,9437) . 0,2192 . 25 . 5,0
= 53,2574 kg
c) Wt1(x) = Wt4(x) = 26,6287 . cos 59,04
= 13,6989 kg
Wt1(y) = Wt4(y)
= 0,40
a) W1 = W4
= x s x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . 1,9437 . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0 = 48,5925 kg
b) W2 = W3
= x (s + s) x koef. angin hisap x beban angin x L
= . (1,9437 + 1,9437) . (0,40) . 25 . 5,0 = 97,1850 kg
c) Wh1(x) = Wh4(x) = 48,5925 . cos 59,04
= 24,9979 kg
Wh1(y) = Wh4(y) = 48,5925 . cos 30,96
= 41,6694 kg
45
1.
Tekan ()
2209,57
2177,76
1100,52
----------
Tarik (+)
---------1838,36
935,39
2,12
Batang
7
8
9
10
11
= 1600 kg/cm2
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 1838,36
=
= 1,14899 cm 2
ijin
1600
45 . 45 . 5
Tekan ()
780,74
---1357,93
---1637,50
Tarik (+)
---1404,85
---1915,25
----
46
Pmaks.
0,85 x F
1838,36
=
0,85 x 8,60
= 251,4856 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 1600 kg/cm2
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 1915,25
=
= 1,197031 cm 2
ijin
1600
45 . 45 . 5
F = 2 x 4,30 cm2
= 8,60 cm2
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks.
0,85 x F
1915,25
=
0,85 x 8,60
= 262,0041 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
b.
.. aman !!!
= 1,9437 m = 194,37 cm
47
I min
= 12,083 cm 4
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
45 . 45 . 5
lk 194,37
=
= 143,978
ix
1,35
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
s =
143,978
=
g 111,072
= 1,2963
Karena s 1, maka : = 2,381 . s2
= 2,381 . (1,2963)2
= 4,0007
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks. x
F
2209,57 x 4,0007
=
8,60
= 1027,899 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 1,9437 m
= 194,37 cm
48
I min
= 8,9545 cm 4
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
45 . 45 . 5
lk 194,37
=
ix
1,35
= 143,978
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
s =
143,978
=
g 111,072
= 1,2963
Karena s 1, maka : = 2,381 . s2
= 2,381 . (1,2963)2
= 4,0007
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks. x
F
1637,50 x 4,0007
=
8,60
= 761,7612 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
2. Kuda-kuda Jurai Utama
49
Tekan ()
3876,26
3821,53
1933,75
----------
Tarik (+)
---------3462,29
1764,71
5,18
Batang
7
8
9
10
11
a.
= 1600 kg/cm2
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 3462,29
=
ijin
1600
= 2,1639 cm 2
Fbruto = 1,15 x Fnetto
= 1,15 x 2,1639 cm2
= 2,4885 cm2
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
50 . 50 . 5
F = 2 x 4,80 cm2
= 9,60 cm2
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks.
0,85 x F
3462,29
=
0,85 x 9,60
= 424,3002 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 1600 kg/cm2
Tekan ()
1049,50
---1820,39
---2171,31
Tarik (+)
---2218,67
---2838,17
----
50
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 2838,17
=
ijin
1600
= 1,7739 cm 2
Fbruto = 1,15 x Fnetto
= 1,15 x 1,7739 cm2
= 2,040 cm2
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
50 . 50 . 5
F = 2 x 4,80 cm2
= 9,60 cm2
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks.
0,85 x F
2838,17
=
0,85 x 9,60
= 347,8150 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
b.
.. aman !!!
= 2,5604 m = 256,04 cm
I min
= 36,7816 cm 4
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
Ix = 2 x 22,1 = 44,20 cm4
F = 2 x 8,23 = 16,46 cm2
ix = 1,64 cm
=
lk 256,04
=
= 156,1220
ix
1,64
55 . 55 . 8
51
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
s =
156,1220
=
= 1,4056
g 111,072
= 1107,8191 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 3,000 m = 300,00 cm
I min
55 . 55. 8
lk 300,00
=
= 182,92683
ix
1,64
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
52
s =
182,927
=
g 111,072
= 1,6469
Karena s 1, maka : = 2,381 . s2
= 2,381 . (1,6469)2
= 6,4581
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks. x
F
2171,31 x 6,4581
=
16,46
= 851,9165 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
3. Kuda-kuda Utama (KK)
Tekan ()
11578,23
11539,00
10456,99
10437,90
11516,32
11559,14
----------------
Tarik (+)
------------------9912,08
9009,95
8045,04
8047,15
9007,66
Batang
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Tekan ()
---795,12
---1390,60
---------1380,68
---788,05
Tarik (+)
9904,46
---1408,19
---1980,18
6354,54
1969,36
---1399,01
----
53
ijin
= 1600 kg/cm2
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 9912,08
=
= 6,1951 cm 2
ijin
1600
50 . 50 . 6
= 1024,716 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 1600 kg/cm2
Fnetto =
Pmaks. 6354,54
=
ijin
1600
= 3,9716 cm 2
Fbruto = 1,15 x Fnetto
= 1,15 x 3,9716 cm2
= 4,5673 cm2
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
F = 2 x 4,30 cm2
= 8,60 cm2
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
45 . 45 . 5
54
Pmaks.
0,85 x F
6354,54
=
0,85 x 8,60
= 869,294 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
b)
.. aman !!!
= 1,9437 m
= 194,37 cm
I min
= 63,3145 cm 4
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
65 . 65 . 7
lk 194,37
=
= 99,1684
ix
1,96
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
s =
99,1684
=
g 111,072
= 0,8928
Karena 0,183 < s < 1, maka :
55
1,41
1,41
=
1,593 - s 1,593 - 0,928
= 2,0137
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks. x
F
11578,23 x 2,0137
=
17,40
= 1339,9472 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
= 2,00 m
= 200,00 cm
I min
= 8,0513 cm 4
Dicoba, menggunakan baja profil
45 . 45 . 5
lk 200,00
=
ix
1,35
= 148,1481
g =
E
0,7 x leleh
= 111,072
s =
148,1481
=
g 111,072
= 1,3338
56
Karena s 1, maka :
= 2,381 . s2
= 2,381 . (1,3338)2
= 4,2359
Kontrol tegangan yang terjadi :
Pmaks. x
F
1390,60 x 4,2359
=
8,60
= 684,9352 kg/cm 2
ijin
1600 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
b)
57
a)
Pmaks. 1838,36
=
= 0,756
Pgeser 2432,196
Pmaks. 1915,25
=
= 0,7875
Pgeser 2432,196
Pmaks. 2209,57
=
= 0,908
Pgeser 2432,196
Pmaks. 1637,50
=
= 0,673
Pgeser 2432,196
1,5 d S1 3 d
Diambil, S1 = 1,875 d = 1,875 . 1,27
= 2,381 cm
2,50 cm
b)
2,5 d S2 7 d
Diambil, S2 = 3,750 d = 3,750 . 1,27
= 4,7625 cm
5,0 cm
Panjang (m)
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,667
Dimensi Profil
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
Baut (mm)
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
58
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1,667
1,667
1,00
2,6036
2,00
3,432
3,00
2.
+ 935,39
+ 2,12
780,74
+ 1404,85
1357,93
+ 1915,25
1637,60
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
b)
Pmaks. 3462,29
=
= 1,4235
Pgeser 2432,196
Pmaks. 2838,17
=
= 1,1669
Pgeser 2432,196
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
59
n=
Pmaks. 3876,26
=
= 1,5937
Pgeser 2432,196
Pmaks. 2171,31
=
= 0,8927
Pgeser 2432,196
1,5 d S1 3 d
Diambil, S1 = 1,875 d = 1,875 . 1,27
= 2,381 cm
2,50 cm
b)
2,5 d S2 7 d
Diambil, S2 = 3,750 d = 3,750 . 1,27
= 4,7625 cm
5,0 cm
Panjang (m)
2,5602
2,5604
2,5604
2,357
2,357
2,357
1,00
3,091
2,00
3,8152
3,00
3.
Dimensi Profil
55 . 55 . 8
55 . 55 . 8
55 . 55 . 8
50 . 50 . 5
50 . 50 . 5
50 . 50 . 5
55 . 55 . 8
50 . 50 . 5
55 . 55 . 8
50 . 50 . 5
55 . 55 . 8
Baut (mm)
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
2 12,7
60
Diameter baut ()
=
= 12,70 mm.
b)
Pmaks. 9912,08
=
Pgeser 2432,196
= 4,075
Digunakan : 5 buah baut.
b)
Pmaks.
Pgeser
6354,54
= 2,6127
2432,196
61
n=
Pmaks.
Pgeser
11578,23
2432,196
= 4,7604
=
Pmaks.
Pgeser
1390,60
2432,196
= 0,5717
=
1,5 d S1 3 d
Diambil, S1 = 1,875 d
= 1,875 . 1,27
= 2,381 cm
2,50 cm
b)
2,5 d S2 7 d
Diambil, S2 = 3,750 d
= 3,750 . 1,27
= 4,7625 cm
5,0 cm
Panjang (m)
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,9437
1,667
1,667
Dimensi Profil
65 . 65. 7
65 . 65. 7
65 . 65. 7
65 . 65. 7
65 . 65. 7
65 . 65. 7
50 . 50 . 6
50 . 50 . 6
Baut (mm)
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
62
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,667
1,00
2,6036
2,00
3,4319
3,00
3,4319
2,00
2,6036
1,00
+ 8045,04
+ 8047,15
+ 9007,66
+ 9904,46
795,12
+ 1408,19
1390,60
+ 1980,18
+ 6354,54
+ 1969,36
1380,68
+ 1399,01
788,05
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
5 12,7
2 12,7
3 12,7
2 12,7
3 12,7
3 12,7
3 12,7
2 12,7
3 12,7
2 12,7
50 . 50 . 6
50 . 50 . 6
50 . 50 . 6
50 . 50 . 6
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
45 . 45. 5
P1
P2
P1
3.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
b.
P1 = P2 = 440 kg.
Untuk selanjutnya, perhitungan gaya batang pada bracing kuda-kuda dengan
= + 1813,22 kg.
b.
63
Pmaks. = 1813,22 kg
ijin
= 1600 kg
Fnetto =
Pmaks.
ijin
1813,22
1600
= 1,13326 cm 2
=
= 496,0930 kg/cm 2
0,75 ijin
1200 kg/cm2
.. aman !!!
Jadi, baja profil 45 . 45 . 5 , akan aman dan mampu menahan beban apabila
dipergunakan untuk bracing kuda-kuda utama.
2.
zx
= 30,96
zy
64
Ix
13 . P . L3
384 . E . I
13 . P . 250 3
1,2536 =
384 . 2,1 . 10 6 . 225
total =
A=
P
; ............. dimana : fy = 300 MPa = 3000 kg/cm 2
fy
65
P 1119,7695
=
fy
3000
4 .1119,7695
d2 =
= 0,475245 cm 2
3000
4d
d =
0,475245 cm 2
= 0,6894 cm
Dicoba, digunakan baja pejal 10 mm
A = . . d2
= . . (1,0)2
= 0,7854 cm2
Kontrol terhadap pembebanan yang terjadi :
Pn = A . fy
= 0,7854 cm2 . 3000 kg/cm2
= 2356,1945 kg
Pn Pperlu
1119,7695 kg aman !!!
Jadi, baja pejal 10 mm, aman dan mampu menahan beban apabila digunakan
untuk trakstang gording.