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PROJECT WORK
1/2012
NAME
CLASS
I/C NUMBER
TEACHER
SCHOOL
:
:
:
:
:
Objectives
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank God that finally, I have succeeded in
finishing this project work. I would like to thank my beloved Additional
Mathematics teacher, Pn. Nurul Idzwaty Bt. Mohd Nazir for all the guidance
she had provided me during the process in finishing this project work. I also
appreciate her patience in guiding me completing this project work.I would like
to give a thousand thanks to my father and mother, Razak bin Mohd Mazlan
and Zalina binti Abdul Rahman, for giving me their full support in this project
work, financially and mentally. They gave me moral support when I needed it.
Who am I without their love and support?I would also like to give my thanks to
my fellow friends who had helped me in finding the information that Im
clueless of, and the time we spent together in study groups on finishing this
project work.Last but not least, I would like to express my highest gratitude to
all those who gave me the possibility to complete this coursework. I really
appreciate all the help I got.
Again, thank you very much.
CONTENTS
NO CONTENT
PAGE
OBJECTIVES
ACKNOWLEDGEMET
INTRODUCTION
PART 1
Part 1 (a)
Part 1 (b)
Part 1 (c)
6
7
10
11
PART 2
Part 2 (a)
Part 2 (b)
Part 2 (c)
Part 2 (d)(i)
Part 2 (d)(ii)
Part 2 (d)(iii)
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
PART 3
Part 3 (a)
Part 3 (b)(i)
Part 3 (b)(ii)
15
16
18
21
REFLECTION
22
REFERENCES
23
INTRODUCTION
A polygon is a flat shape consisting of straight lines that are joined to form a
closed chain or circuit.
A polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a closed path,
composed of a finite sequence of straight line segments (i.e., by a closed
polygonal chain). These segments are called its edges or sides, and the
points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices (singular: vertex) or
corners. An n-gon is a polygon with n sides. The interior of the polygon is
sometimes called its body. A polygon is a 2-dimensional example of the more
general polytope in any number of dimensions.
The word "polygon" derives from the Greek (pols) "much", "many"
and (gna) "corner" or "angle". (The word gnu, with a short o,
is unrelated and means "knee".) Today a polygon is more usually understood
in terms of sides.
The basic geometrical notion has been adapted in various ways to suit
particular purposes. Mathematicians are often concerned only with the closed
polygonal chain and with simple polygons which do not self-intersect, and
Polygons have been known since ancient times. The regular polygons
were known to the ancient Greeks, and the pentagram, a non-convex
regular polygon (star polygon), appears on the vase of Aristophonus,
Caere, dated to the 7th century B.C. Non-convex polygons in general
were not systematically studied until the 14th century by Thomas
Bredwardine. In 1952, Shephard generalized the idea of polygons to the
complex plane, where each real dimension is accompanied by an
imaginary one, to create complex polygons.
PART 1
Polygons are evident in all architecture. They provide variation and charm in
buildings. When applied to manufactured articles such as printed fabrics,
wallpapers, and tile flooring, polygons enhance the beauty of the structure
itself.
(a)
Collect six such pictures. You may use a camera to take the pictures or
get them from magazines, newspapers, internet or any other resources.
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2012
(b)
(c)
a)
Pentagon-shaped tiles
Trapezium-shaped house
History.
Polygons have been known since ancient times. The regular polygons were
known to the ancient Greeks, and the pentagram, a non-convex regular
polygon (star polygon), appears on the vase of Aristophonus, Caere, dated to
the 7th century B.C Non-convex polygons in general were not systematically
studied until the 14th century by Thomas Bredwardine.
In 1952, Shephard generalized the idea of polygons to the complex plane,
where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one, to create
complex polygons.
C) Area of Triangle :
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
Method 4
Area =
1
2
++
++
PART 2
A farmer wishes to build a herb garden on a piece of land. Diagram 1 shows
the shape of that garden, where one of its sides is 100 m in length. The
garden has to be fenced with a 300 m fence. The cost of fencing the garden is
RM 20 per metre.
(The diagram below is not drawn to scale)
p m
100 m c
Diagram 1
(a)
(b)
p (m)
q (m)
(degree)
Area (m2)
Table 1
(c)
(b)
p m
p ( m)
50
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
99
100
q ( m)
150
140
135
130
120
115
110
105
101
100
100 m c
Diagram
o 1
0
38.2145
44.8137
49.5826
55.7711
57.6881
58.9924
59.7510
59.9901
60
Area (m2 )
0
2598.15
3092.33
3464.10
3968.63
4130.68
4242.64
4308.42
4329.26
4330.13
a 2 b2 c 2
cos
2ab
Area =
1
ab sin
2
(c)
The herb garden is an equilateral triangle of sides 100 m with a
maximum area of 4330.13 m 2 .
(d)(i) 50 < p < 150, 50 < q < 150
(ii) p + q 100
(iii) The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than
the length of the third side. Triangle Inequality Theorem.
100 + p +q
cos =
2 pq
1002+ p 2+ q2
= cos -1
2 pq
PART 3
If the length of the fence remains the same 300m, as stated in part2 :
(a) Explore and sugest at least 5 various other shapes of the garden that
can be constructed so that the enclosed area is maximum.
(b) Draw a conclusion from your exploration in (a) if :
(i)
The demand of herbs in the market has been increasing
nowadays. Suggest three types of local herbs with their scientific
names that the farmer can plant in the herb garden to meet the
demand. Collect pictures and information of these herbs.
(ii)
These herbs will be processed for marketing by a company. The
design of the packaging plays an important role in attracting customers.
The company wishes to design an innovative and creative logo for the
packaging. You are given the task of designing a logo to promote the
product. Draw the logo on a piece of A4 paper. You must include at
least one polygon shape in the logo.
(a)
(a)
Quadrilateral
ym
2x + 2y = 300 m2
x + y = 150 m2
Area = x y
xm
a
a
72o
t
54o
x
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
75
54o
a
a
y
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
75
Area = x y
1400
2600
3600
4400
5000
5400
5600
5625
(c)
rm
A Semicircle
2r r 300
300
r
2
2
1 300
Area
5347.55m 2 MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2012 18
ADDITIONAL
2 2
(d)
A Circle
rm
(e)
2r 300
150
r
1 150
2
Area
(2 ) 7161.97 m
2
A Regular Hexagon
a
a
60
1
50 50 sin 60 6 6495.19 m 2
2
50
ma
Conclusion:
Circle is the best shape to use for the garden as it gives a maximum enclosed
area among the other shapes.
2r 300
150
r
Area
1 150
2
(2 ) 7161.97m
2
Cymbopogon
suitable for poultry, fish, beef, and seafood. It is often used as a tea in
African countries such as Togo and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo and Latin American countries such as Mexico.Lemongrass oil is
used as a pesticide and a preservative. Research shows that
lemongrass oil has anti-fungal properties.
(ii)
(iii)
REFLECTION
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK 1/2012 25
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon
http://www.scribd.com/
https://www.facebook.com/
Additional Mathematics Text Book