Lbebqpdv zvgqyhkpk b n{cp{,
vk Vkz{fcbnk Qvzqnk Depge Nd,
qbzgyb| ed hdybg hk `d |k g`
gfd hdyed {ebykvxbpkpd { Vk,
z{fcbab Qvzqngh pvdjbpb `d ed
qyg hbl bepkvekp,qpvdebadld
gfhdyk edube bxfgvd qybm dqbq,
pkedpd# hkv qldpvd `d |k qk pd,
ng ngedueg xdyv~bpb zvbud g pg,
lk ng b ndng {cdxb { dnd`kl,
qn{ xd hk`eba{%
Ndqbzgyb| { bepkvyh{{ xd
Qve{ edocd~dyd `d q{ zvdybcd
qp{`bvdehd ng hd edcdjk hdyegqp
nch{ued zvkzvknd fbcg ndnygh
lgo{|egqpb ngv{zab hk bcb ekzg,
pbxld pk `d hk# zvkld beigvld,
ab hdld qd [ebykvxbpkpd { Fdehgh
C{ab# `kykpgvg dqbqpkedpd { vg,
`fbeqngh ykxb qd zvgikqgvbld ~pg
hk# ndng hk vkndg# hk`de g`qpg
g` {n{zego fvg hd xdzgqckebm%
&Zvgpbybl qk `d ekng edzvk`{,
hk { dnd`klqngl qlbqc{ qdlg
xdpg ~pg hk ekub hk `b hkpk# dcb b zvg,
pby pgod `d ekng bx bqpgo vdxcg,
od f{`k geklgo{|ke `d f{`k
dqbqpkep bcb zvgikqgv ed idn{cpk,
p{ dng pg zgpyv`b qyg hbl vd`gl#
nydcbpkpgl# gahkedld b qpv{,
ueg~|{% Bxlhkegl Xdnged g yb,
qgngl gfvdxgydeh{ { `yd zvdy,
ad , zvyb zg`vdx{lb hkyd qpvgjb,
hk qdenabgebqdehk gebm ng hb ek zg,
~p{ h{ zvdybcd qp{`bvdehd# d `v{ob
gfdykx{ idn{cpkpd `d zge{`b
deodjlde qp{`kep{ okekvdab hk
, lgjk qk kcblbebqdpb zbpdehk ek,
zgpbxld { ab hkcgqpb# d hdyed vkdcb,
xdab hd bqzbpd lgjk `gzvbeb hkpb
`d qk ngv{zab hd bqngvb hkeb&# zgv{,
ubg hk Ndqbzgyb|%
Bqcdlqnd xd hk`ebad { Fgqeb b Mkv,
akogybeb `dedq gfbchkjdyd @de `jd,
lb hd { xedn qhk|dehd ed ?% ldh
4221% og`bek# nd`d hk qv{~ked edh,
yk|d b edhzgxedpb hd `jdlb hd Ikvmd,
`b hd { Fdehgh C{ab# dcb b {x zg`qhk|d,
ehk ed {eb~pdydehk qybm `jdlb hd b `v{,
obm ydn{iqnbm gfhkndpd { Fgqeb b Mkv,
akogybeb% Edjdcgqp# gydh `dp{l kyg,
abvd ed hg~ hk`de eklbcb `godsdh g`
zvb hk 44 og`bed% Pgo ?% ld hd 6::4% zvb,
cbngl zgn{~d hd zgcdodehd pklkchad
xd gfegy{ fdehdc{unk Ikvmd`b hk {
zvgpkqpbld eknbm ov{zd b edabgedcbq,
pbunbl `bychde hbld qzvb hkuke hk pdh zg,
n{~dh yhkvebnd b Bqcdlqnk xd hk`ebak#
d pk~ng hk zgyvb hkske L{vdp Fd`b| bx Adxbed# ng hb hk
ek`{og xdpbl zg`ckodg {qcb hk` xd`gfb hkebm zgyvk`d%
&Pk~nd fgc hk edekqked l{qcbldebld pgo ?% ld,
hd 4221% hkv hk Ikvmd`b hd fbcd xedud hde gfhknp# ng hb
hk zkp yb hkngyd qcdg zgv{nk yhkvk# n{cp{vk# ch{fdyb#
lks{ch{`qnbm g`egqd# zgv{n{ pgckvde,
ab hk# q{jbygpd b `b hdcgod# ng hb ekld b
ng hkl ek qlb hk fbpb dcpkvedpbyk&# ed,
ocdqbg hk { l{ipb hd fdehdc{unb K`mkl
ki% Udl`jb| { vdxogygv{ xd Ike{%
Bqcdl zgxbyd qyk ch{`k# zvbzd`ebnk
vdxebm yhkvd b edab hd# n{cp{vd b qyhkpg,
edxgvd `d vdxogydvd h{# vdqzvdychd h{#
dcb ek b `d qk nvgx zgcklbn{ qydsdh{#
ndjk kike`b hd Udl`jb|# {ndx{ h{|b
`d `b hdcgo pvkfd `d zgykjk ch{`k# { uk,
l{ hk {zvdyg Ikvmd`b hd bldcd xedudh,
e{ {cgo{ { zvgpkncbm ;:: og`bed%
L{ipb hd Udl`jb| bqpbuk `d qk fkx
gfxbvd ed qyk cg~k ~pg qk `gog`bcg pg,
ngl zvgpkncgo vdpd { Fgqeb b Mkvak,
ogybeb# qyb lgvd h{ gnvke{pb q{jbygp{ b zglbvkeh{% Xd,
pg b zgvk` edekqkego fgcd l{qcbldebld xfgo v{~k,
ehd gygo b `v{obm yhkvqnbm gfhkndpd pgngl vdpd# fd,
ehdc{unb l{ipb hd zgxbyd ed gfegy{ b `jdlb hd b avnyb
b qbedogod b `v{obm gfhkndpd%
Gnvke{pb qk zglbvkeh{ b q{jbygp{
[ JBJB
GQCGFGSKEHK
zgek`hkchdn#
?%
ldh'qybfdeh6:46%
1
K@MKL ki% UDL@JB\DEPGE NDQBZGYB\
pdab h{% Qyb zvk`lkpb zvkfdukeb
ed Q{` {qzhk~eg q{ xd yv~keb% @g
`ded~ehko `ded ed~b ocd yeb zdv,
pekvb { FbM q{ beqpbp{ab hk ed `vjd,
yegl eb yg{% Xd bc{qpvdab h{# pg,
ngl 6:44% P{jbpkchqpyg Pvbf{ed,
cd `gfbcg hk 4:; xdmphk yd xd zg,
lg|% G` pbm 4:; xdmphk yd# 4::qlg `gfbcb g` P{jbpkchqpyd b Q{`d
FbM pk G`hkcd nvb ybuek g`fvdek#
xedub g` zvd ygq{`ebm beqpbp{ab hd
ed `vjd yegl eb yg{# d g` beqpbp{,
ab hd ed eb yg{ kepbpkpd `gfbcb qlg
qdlg zkp xdmphk yd%
Kibndqed zvgak`{vd
@v{og hk zbpdehk `d cb eknk g`
zvk`lkpd# ub hk qk vhk~d ydehk uk,
nd ed beqpbp{ab hdld ed `vjd yegl
eb yg{# pvkfd zvkfdabpb beqpbp{ab hd,
ld ed eb yg{ kepbpkpd% Zvd ygq{`ek
beqpbp{ab hk ed `vjd yegl eb yg{
ekld h{ ndzdabpkpk `d qk fd yk
qybl zvk`lkpbld vdpebm xcgub,
ed { Fgqeb b Mkvakog ybeb% Zgpvk,
fed hk kindqed zvgak`{vd xd
zvkfdab ydehk ldehk qcgjkebm
zvk`lkpd beqpbp{ab hdld ed eb,
yg{ kepbpkpd% Bqpg yvklkeg# beqpb,
p{ab hdld ed eb yg{ kepbpkpd lgvd,
h{ qk qpd ybpb ed vdqzgcdodehk zg,
pvkfeb vkq{vqb xd zvgakq{bvdehk
zvk`lkpd ng hk bl zvkfdab Q{`
FbM% Pg hk ydjde `bg edabgedcek
qpvdpkob hk xd zvgakq{bvdehk vd,
pebm xcgubed ng h{ pvkfd zvg ykqpb%
Ek`d yeg qpk bqpdncb `d qk ed,
qcb hksk BAPR,hd `g yg`b { zbpdehk
{ngcbng edabgedced zvd ygq{sd
ek f{`{ qzvkled `d zvgikqb,
gedceg# ekxd ybqeg b qdlgqpdceg
zvk{xl{ zvgoge vdpebm xcgub,
edad ednge xd yv~kpnd vd`d
BAPR,hd% Qldpvdpk cb `d zgqpg hb
lgo{|egqp `d qk ednge xd yv~kp,
nd vd`d BAPR,hd zvg hkndp zvgo,
ged xcgubedad { vkobge{ {v{~b7
, Bqnvkeg qk ed`dl `d qk pg ek,
|k `gog`bpb# hkv lbqcbl `d hk {q,
zhk~eg zvgakq{bvdehk vdpebm xcg,
ubed ed edabgedcegl eb yg{ yd,
jed nglzgekepd ahkcgn{zego
edqcb hksd Pvbf{edcd% P{jbpkchqpyg
Pvbf{edcd hk`edng ydjebl qld,
pvd {qzhk~eg `g yv~kehk zvk`lk,
pd ng hb qk yg`k ed Pvbf{edc{ b {q,
zhk~e{ zvg yk`f{ edabgedcek
qpvdpkob hk xd zvgakq{bvdehk vd,
pebm xcgubed% Zvkld pglk# lb
{ukqpy{ hklg { yb~k zvg hkndpd ub,
hb hk abch zv{jdehk zg`v~nk b zg hd,
ud ydehk zvgakq{bvdehd vdpebm xcg,
ubed ed cgndcegl eb yg{% Hk`ed g`
pbm bebab hdpb yd hk zvg hkndp { gnyb,
v{ ng hko lcd`b zvd yeb qpv{uehdab
bx FbM# Mvydpqnk b Qvfb hk `gcdxk `d
vd`k q edld { Mddo{% Pb lcd`b
zvd yebab# nd`d qk yvdpk# lgo{
edabgedcebl zvd ygq{`ebl be,
qpbp{ab hdld zvkeb hkpb qpkukeg bq,
n{qpyg b xedehk%
Mg|kpk cb edqpd ybpb beqbqpb,
vdpb ed edqpdy n{ q{vd`ehk qd
Qvfb hgl# q gfxbvgl ed pg `d hg~
eb hk g`og ygvkeg ed Yd~k xdm,
phk yk `d qk gpnvb h{ b zvgakq{,
bvd h{ zgldodub Vd`g yded Ndvd,
`jb|d b Vdpnd Lcd`b|d7
, B `dchk beqbqpbvdl ed q{vd`ehb
Qvfb hk q Pvbf{edcgl# ~pg hk g` q{,
~pbeqnk ydjegqpb xd `g yv~kpdn
zvkgqpdcbm q{skehd b jdcfkebm
zgqp{zdnd% Zbpdehk gebm ng hb q{
zgldodcb# ek qdlg Ndvd`jb|{ b
Lcd`b|{ ekog b Ogvde{ Md`jb|{#
Qpg hde{ J{zchdebe{# X`vdy n{ Pg,
cblbv{ b `v{obld `d pgcbng `{og
og`bed bxfhkod yd h{ zvdy `{ hk yd,
jeg% [ yb~k ed yvdpd qlg g` Qvfb,
hk pvdjbcb `d bqpvdjb lvkjk zg,
`v~nk# d pg qlg {ubebcb b { qygl bx,
yhk~pd h{ Yb hk|{ qbo{vegqpb bx eg,
yklfvd 6:44% nd`d qlg g` ycdq,
pb pvdjbcb `d {p yv`k ndng q{ Lcd`b|
b Md`jb| pdng `{og bxfhkod ydcb
zvdy `{% @g qd`d qlg { ykxb q pbl
zbpdehbld `gfbcb ykgld govdeb,
uke fvgh begvldab hd%
Ed qdlgl nvd h{ hkbxygskehk `gndxd g` P{jbpkch,
qpyd { qc{ud h{ Ndvd`jb|% Hkqpk cb
xd`g ygcheb vd`gl P{jbpkchqpyd {
gygl zvk`lkp{# g`egqeg zg,
e{skebl `gndxbld7
, Zvg~cb zkpdn P{jbpkchqpyg hk
xd yv~bcg qygh `gndxeb zgqp{zdn
{ zvk`lkp{ Ndvd`jb|% @gndxeb
zgqp{zdn qlg xd yv~bcb { yvklke,
qnbl gnybvbld ng hk hk g`vk`bcg
Zvkpvkqeg yb hk|k b zvk`gubcb qlg
gfblek b ydjek `gndxk# {nch{u{,
h{|b qyhk`gukehk 11; qyhk`gnd b
gng ;%::: `gndxebm zvk`lkpd%
@gndxeb zgqp{zdn g`fvdek zgukp
|k { gnpgfv{% Q{`b hk |k pkn ed nvd,
h{ zgqp{znd `geb hkpb zvkq{`{ ed
gqeg yb qybm `gndxd ng hk qpvdek {
zgqp{zn{ zvk`guk%
Q{skehk Lcd`b|{ zgubehk
49% ld hd% Hk cb P{jbpkchqpyg {vd,
`bcg qyk `d gydh zvgakq `guknd
qzvkleg7
, Ydjeg hk `d q{skehk zgubehk#
b pg 4? og`bed zgqcb hk Qvkfvkeb,
ak# 6: og`bed zgqcb hk zgukpnd q{,
ngfd b 4? og`bed ednge ~pg hk
zg`boe{pd gzp{jebad% Qzvkleb
qlg xd bxygskehk `gndxd {gygl zvk`lkp{%
Nd`d qk gukn{ hk zvkq{`d
Zvcb|{ b `v{obld ng hd hk fbcd
ed hdy chked xd h{eb7
, Ek vdqzgcdjklg ebndnybl
begvldab hdld { ykxb q kykep{dc,
ebl `dp{lbld zvkq{`d%
Lgjkpk cb zg hdqebpb qyvm{ b
xedukehk Vkxb`{dcego lkmd,
ebxld# zgqkfeg ednge ~pg q{ g`
[E,d bxdfvdeb zvk`qhk`ebn b p{,
jbpkch gygo lkmdebxld7
, Yb hk|k qbo{vegqpb [E,d gqeg,
ydcg hk Vkxb`{dceb lkmdebxdl
ng hb |k fbpb gvode ng hb |k edqcb hk,
`bpb Pvbf{edc% Vkxb`{dceb lkmd,
ebxdl zgnvb ydp |k vd` BAPR,hd#
ndg b vd` Lks{edvg`ego nvb yb,
uego q{`d xd V{de`{% Govdedn
Vkxb`{dcego lkmdebxld xd BAPR
pvkfd zgukpb q vd`gl 4% h{cd 6:41#
`dnck zvb hk ekog ~pg qk Pvbf{edc
xdpygvb% Ocd yed qyvmd Vkxb`{dc,
ego lkmdebxld hk `d gqbo{vd
`d { zvgakq{ nvb ybuego zvd yg,
q{sd ng hb hk {qzgqpd ybg BAPR ek
f{`k zvknb`d%
Jdcfkeb zgqp{zab
Vkxb`{dceb lkmdebxdl fd ybp
|k qk zbpdehbld ng hd |k pvkfdpb
vhk~d ydpb udn b ednge ~pg qk xd yv~b
xd`ehb jdcfkeb zgqp{zdn zvk`
Pvbf{edcgl# {nch{u{ h{|b bx yv~k,
ehk ndxeb# zvgfckldpbn{ xd~pbpk
qyhk`gnd# zglg| edabgedcebl
ycdqpbld ng hk f{`{ pvdjbck be,
gvldab hk b zvbqp{z gfblegh dv,
mb yb Pvbf{edcd% Ge |k pdngsk#
yhkvg hdpeg# yg`bpb jdcfkek zgq,
p{znk { xd`ehd pvb zvk`lkpd Pvb,
f{edcd# { zvk`lkpbld Ndvd`jb|#
Lcd`b| b Md`jb|%
Bxhd ybcb qpk ek`d yeg `d zg,
`vjd ydpk vkobgedcek bebab hdpb yk {
abch{ {p yvsbydehd z{ek bqpbek g pg,
lk ~pd qk `k~d ydcg ed zg`v{uh{
fby ~k QIVH b q pbl { ykxb `dcb qpk b
zg`v~n{ VKNGL,{% Ed ng hb edube
BAPR# g`egqeg Vkxb`{dceb lkm,
debxdl# lgjk zglg|b gydnybl
zvg hknpbld { f{`{|egqpb7
, Zgx`vdy chdl bebab hdpb yk { vk,
ob hb ub hb hk abch {p yvsbydehk ubehkeb,
ad g xcgubebld zgubehkebl `k yk,
`kqkpbm ed zg`v{uh{ fby ~k H{og,
qcd yb hk% Yhkv{ hkl `d vd` Pvbf{ed,
cd# edabgedcebm q{`g yd b `v{obm
lkmdebxdld# ng hb {p yvs{h{ ubehk,
ebak g vdp{# `gzvbegqb zglbvkeh{
{ vkob hb% Bdng q{`g yb# ek ycd`bek
gvodebxdab hk b zg hk`beab bld h{
ydje{ {cgo{ { zgqcb hkvdpegl zg,
lbvkeh{# g`og ygvegqp xd dnpb,
ye{ zg`v~n{ pbm edqpg hdehd lg,
vd h{ zvk{xkpb b zgcbpbudvb { vkob hb%
klde xd zvgakq
pnd Lcd`b|d
;%::: @GNDXD@gndxeb zgq p{zdn
qlg xd yv~bcb { yvklkeqnbl gnybvbld
ng hk hk g`vk`bcg Zvk pvkqeg
yb hk|k b zvk`gubcb qlg
gfblek b ydjek `gndxk#
{nch{u{ h{|b qyhk`gukehk
11; qyhk`gnd b gng;%::: `gndxebmzvk`lk pd
@gqpd yb~k pdpbebm qbegyd