High Quality
Open the downloaded document, and select print from the file menu (PDF reader required).
S.S.C
Omtex – classes
S.S.C
METALS AND NON METALA
“THE HOME OF TEXT” NOTES
QI. Define1. Metal:-
The element which can form positive ions by the loss of electrons is called metal.Iron and copper are metals.
2. Non metals:-
The element which can form negative ions by the gain of electrons is callednon metal. Phosphorus and sulphur are non metals.
3. Metalloid: -
The element, which shows the properties of metals as well as those of non-metals, is called a metalloid. Silicon, germanium are metalloids.
4. Mineral: -
The natural material in the earth in which a metal or its compounds occur iscalled mineral.
5. Ore:-
The mineral from which a metal may be extracted profitably is called an ore.
6. Gangue:-
The unwanted material present in an ore is called Gangue.
7. Reduction:-
The process of obtaining a metal from its oxide is called reduction.
8. Refining:-
The purification of a metal is called refining. In this process, the impuritiespresent in the metal are removed.
9. Metallurgy:-
The process of extraction of metals from their ores and refining them iscalled metallurgy.
QII. Give Reasons:-1. All ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores. Explain
Ans.1. The natural material in the earth in which metal or its compounds occur is called mineral.2. The mineral from which a metal may be extracted profitably is called an ore.Hence, all ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores.
2. German silver is used in making heaters and resistors.
Ans. German silver is used in making heaters and resistors because1. It is an alloy of 50% copper, 25% nickel and 25% Zinc.2. Due to this combination the alloy has high electrical resistance.
3. Metals are good conductors while non – metals are bad conductors of electricity. (T.B)OR Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Ans.1. The electrons in the outermost orbit of the atoms are free to move thought the metal.2. In the case of a metal wire, these electrons move from one end to the other end of the wire.3. When the potential difference is applied on one end of the metal wire the movement of theelectrons constitute electric current.4. Hence, metals are good conductors of electricity.5. Non – metals do not possess such free electrons. Hence, non – metals are poor conductorsof electricity.
4. Metals are good reducing agents.
Ans.1. When an element losses electrons, it acts as a reducing agent.2. The atoms of metals have less than four electrons in their outermost orbit.3. They can form positive ions by losing these electrons.Hence, metals are good reducing agents.
5. Non – metals are good oxidising agents.
Ans.1. When an element gains electrons, it acts as an oxidising agent.2. The atoms of non – metals have more than four electrons in their outermost orbit.3. They can form negative ions by gaining these electrons.Hence, non – metals are good oxidising agents.
17
S.S.C
Omtex – classes
S.S.C
METALS AND NON METALA
“THE HOME OF TEXT” NOTES
6. Calcium is more reactive than aluminium
Ans.1. Reactivity of a metal depends on number of electrons in their outermost orbit.2. Less the number of electrons, more is the reactivity.3. Calcium has two electrons in the outermost orbit, while aluminium has three electrons inthe outermost orbit.Hence, calcium is more reactive than aluminium.
7. Sodium is more reactive than aluminium.
Ans.1. Reactivity of a metal depends on number of electrons in the outermost orbit.2. Less the number of electrons, more is the reactivity.3. Sodium has one electron in the outermost orbit, while aluminium has three electrons inthe outermost orbit.Hence, Sodium is more reactive than aluminium.
8. Chlorine is more reactive than phosphorus.
Ans.1. Reactivity of non metals depends on number of electrons in the outer most orbit.2. More the number of electrons, more is the reactivity.3. Chlorine has seven electrons in the outermost orbit, while phosphorus has five electrons inthe outermost orbit. Hence, chlorine is more reactive than phosphorus.
9. Metals are malleable and ductile.
Ans.1. Metals occur in the solid state.2. The atoms of metals have an ability to cling together.3. They have high tensile strength and has the ability to withstand high force and pressure.Hence, metals are malleable and ductile.
10. Duralumin and Magnalium are used to make aircrafts.
Ans.1. Duralumin and Magnalium are light and strong.2. They resist corrosion and have load bearing strength.Hence, Duralumin and Magnalium are used to make aircrafts.
11. The graphite rods used in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium needfrequent replacement.
Ans.1. In the electrolytic extraction of aluminium from alumina, graphite rods are used as theanode. At the anode oxygen is liberated during the electrolysis.2. The oxygen reacts with the graphite rods and forms carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.Thus, the graphite rods are continuously eroded. Hence, the graphite rods need frequentreplacement.
12. Duralumin and Magnalium are used to prepare parts of aircrafts.
Ans.1. Duralumin and Magnalium are light in weight, but are strong.2. They have high load bearing strength. Hence duralumin and Magnalium are used toprepare parts of aircraft.
QIII. Answer the following in short.1. Write the main ore of iron, aluminium and copper(T.B)
Ans.
Iron
18
S.S.C
Omtex – classes
S.S.C
METALS AND NON METALA
“THE HOME OF TEXT” NOTES
1. Haematite (Fe
2
O3)2. Limonite (2Fe
2
O
3
. 3H
2
O)3. Magnetite (Fe
3
O
4
)4. Iron Pyrites (FeS
2
)
Aluminium
1. Bauxite (Al
2
O
3
. 2H
2
O)2. Cryolite (Na
3
AlF
6
)3. Feldspar (KAlSi
3
O
8
)
Copper
1. Cuprite (Al
2
O
3
. 2H
2
O)2. Copper Pyrites (CuFeS
2
)3. Copper glance or Chalcosite (Cu
2
S)
2. How is blister copper purified?
Ans.1. Blister copper is purified by electrolytically.2. In this process pure copper plate is a cathode and impure copper is used as an anode.3. Acidified copper sulphate solution is used as an electrolyte.4. Impurities from anode plate go in to solution.5. Pure copper deposits on cathode plat. The impurities settle down.
3. What is tempering of steel?
Ans. The desired degree of hardness and electricity can be obtained by heating it to aparticular temperature and then cooling it in different ways. This operation is known astempering of steel.
4. Give the stages in the extraction of copper from copper ore. (T.B)
Ans. The extraction of copper from the copper ore consists of following stages.1. Concentration2. Roasting3. Melting4. Purification
5. What is copper matte?
Ans. The mixture of mainly cuprous Sulphide with a small of ferrous Sulphide obtained fromthe smelting of copper ore is called copper matte.
6. What are the different methods used for removing gangue from ores? OR Write the four methods of concentration of ores.
Ans. The four methods used for removing gangue from ores are_1. Washing2. Froth floatation3. Magnetic separation4. Chemical separation.
QIV. Write short notes on1. Steel: -
The alloy of iron containing about 0.02 – 1.5 % carbon is called steel. Steel ismalleable and has high tensile strength.
It melts between 1200
0
– 1500
0
C. It can be welded.Types of steelsMild steel, Structural steel and tool steel are the different types of steel.Uses of steelsMild steel is used to prepare chains, anchors, wires, etc.Structural steel is used to for the construction of bridges, buildings, etc.Tool steel is used for making cutting tools, razor blades, springs, etc.
2. Iron alloy
:- Iron alloys are as follows.1. Stainless steel:-Composition : It is an alloy of iron which contains 73% iron, 18% chromium, 1% carbon and8% nickel.Properties: It has typical luster and it resists corrosion.
19
Add a Comment