i hnh hp l khi 7 ngi(tham kho)

khi i hnh 7 ngi ta nn lm cch no chim lnh dc khu trung tuyn v cung cp bng ln cho tin o duy nht v tin o ny phi c kh nng thi u c lp tt.Nn khi i hnh nn s dng s l 2-3-1 l nh sau: -------Th mn---------hu v----hu v-------------tin v li-----------Tin v tn cng-----tin v tn cng------------------tin o---------hoc vi 2 tin o nh th ny _________th mn___________ ____HV_____________HV_____ _________TV li_____________ _________TV tn cng_______ ____T_____________T_____ _hoc nh th ny: ____________th mn______________ ____HV tn cng___HV tn cng_______ _______________T li_______________ _____________HV tr cng____________ ____T phng ng___T phng ng_____ ni chung trong bng 7 ngi, tn cng + phng th l nv chung c th vi i hnh nh th ny: ___________________________Th Mn___________________________ ________________trung v 1_____________Trung V 2______________ _________________________TV tr______________________________ __________TV bin 1_______________________TV bin 2___________ _________________________T Cm_____________________________ S c 2 ngi thng xuyn nh t ln tn cng. Chi sn 7 cht hp, bin t, nu va hu v li va tv bin s rt kh phi hp, s kiu "my bay" ny l hay nht . S pht trin k, chin thut bng hin i 1. Qu trnh pht trin k thut bng K thut l tng hp nhng ng tc hp l m vn ng vin s dng trong khi thi u. Tri qua qu trnh luyn tp lu di, gian kh v qua thc t thi u, k thut s c tng bc hnh thnh, pht trin v hon thin dn. Trn thc t im ct li ca k thut bng chnh l nhng k thut bng. Trong thi k u tin k thut bng vn cn ht sc n gin, th s v cc cu th ch bit mnh v pha trc. Tuy nhin n u th k ny k thut bng c nhng bc tin b vt bc, ngoi vic dng mu v mi bn chn bng, cc cu th cn s dng c mu trong bng v bt u ch ti lc v hng tip xc bng. Vo u nhng nm 30 xut hin k thut nh gt: dng gt chn a bng v pha sau. n thp k 40, mn bng nhanh chng c ph cp v k thut bng cng c pht trin ton din. Cc cu th s dng cc k thut a dng nh bng bng lng bn chn, m trong, m ngoi st mu chnh din cho n nhng k thut c kh cao nh quay ngi bng, ng ngi mc, v l Bc vo thp k 50, k thut bng tuy khng thay i nhiu v thc cht, nhng t th v nhng ng tc ca c th khi bng li c s ci tin v bin ha kh ln. Trong thi k ny xut hin cc k thut nh xoc bng, na ny, ct bng, bng theo hnh vng cung ng thi, tnh chun xc v b mt ca nhng ng chuyn bng cng c nng cao v khng

ngng hon thin. Trnh dt im (st cu mn) cng c nng cao rt nhiu v cc cu th c th nhanh chng tung chn st bng m khng cn ly trong tt c mi tnh hung v v vy n lm tng thm tnh bt ng trong thi u. T thp k 70 cho n nay, s pht trin ca k thut bng c th hin c th qua cc mt sau: Tc bng nhanh hn, kh cao hn, cc k thut a dng hn lm tng thm tnh b mt, tnh bt ng v tnh thc dng ca cc ng bng. C th ni trong giai on ny, k thut bng t ti mt mc pht trin ton din. Cng vi s pht trin ca k thut bng, k thut dng bng cng c hnh thnh v pht trin. Trong thi k u tin k thut dng bng ch n gin l dng lng hoc mt b phn ca chn dng hoc gim ln bng. Cng vi thi gian, k thut dng bng cng khng ngng c nng cao v cc cu th c th dng bng bng mt chn, hai chn bng bp chn, m trong lng bn chn, bng i hoc bng ngc. n thp k 50, 60, k thut dng bng c a dng ha v cc cu th c th s dng cc b phn nh m trong, mu m ngoi, mi bn chn, i, ngc, u dng dng bng. Cn c vo tng tnh hung c th cc cu th s la chn nhng phng php khc nhau dng bng khi: bng ang ln trn mt t, bng tm thp, bng bt t, bng tm cao Tuy nhin d s dng phng php no th cc cu th cng phi tun theo trnh t tin hnh nh sau: lm chm tc bng - dng bng - bt u chuyn ng. So vi k thut dng bng cht trc kia k thut dng bng trong giai on ny mt bc tin b vt bc. T thp k 70 cho n nay, s pht trin ca k thut dng bng c th qui np li thnh my im sau: * K thut dng bng cht b thay th hon ton bng k thut bng. * Nhng k thut dng bng khng hp l dn dn b loi b. * Khi bng phi ng thi phi hp vi cc ng tc tip theo to thnh mt th thng nht v hnh thnh mt t hp k thut. K thut dn bng cng tri qua mt qu trnh pht trin lu di t thp n cao. Tha ban u k thut dn bng ch yu l do vn ng vin dng mi bn chn y bng v pha trc v sau chy ui theo. Do k thut phng th c nng cao buc cc tin o phi c s khng ch hiu qu i vi tri bng v iu ny thc y s pht trin ca k thut dn bng. u th k 20 xut hin k thut dn bng theo ng gp khc (thay i phng hng v tc ). Trong giai on ny ng tc gi c tin hnh theo trnh t ng tnh - ng vi tc chm. Khi k thut dn bng c pht trin v hon thin th ng tc gi ca cu th cng c thc hin thoi mi, nh nhng v a dng hn. Tuy nhin, ph bin nht vn l dng thn trn v hai chn thc hin cc ng tc gi vi bng v khng bng. V mt ny cc cu th Nam M lun lun ng v tr dn u. Cng vi s pht trin ton din ca bng , nht l trong k thut phng th (km ngi cht), trnh dn bng ca cc cu th cng ngy mt nng cao. C th s lc tm tt li thnh my im c th sau: * K thut dn bng n ngy cng b thu hp v cc k thut t hp ngy mt tng. * S dng hp l cc b phn ca c th dn bng qua ngi. * ng tc ngy cng c pht trin theo xu hng hp l v thc dng. * Thc hin ng tc mt cch nhanh chng v thnh thc. Tm li k thut bng c pht trin t khng n c, t t n nhiu, t n gin n phc tp, t thp n cao trong sut lch s pht trin ca mn th thao ny. Nhn t ch yu thc

y s pht trin khng ngng ca cc k thut bng l: * S tc ng qua li gia cc k thut tn cng v phng th thc y s ra i, pht trin v khng ngng hon thin ca cc loi k thut. y chnh l ng lc ch yu thc y s pht trin v nng cao, hon thin ca cc k thut bng . * S thay i ca cc iu lut l nhn t ch o cho vic pht trin ca k thut bng . * Vic nng cao tnh trng th lc ca cc cu th cng l mt nhn t quan trng trong vic pht trin k thut bng . * K thut l c s thc hin cc chin thut v ngc li, s pht trin ca chin thut li thc y vic nng cao trnh k thut ca cc cu th. Trn thc t, trnh ca mn th thao bng cng tng bc c nng cao cng vi s pht trin ca k, chin thut. * Do cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v th dc th thao ngy cng c p dng mnh m, cho nn nhng hiu bit v c cu gii phu v qui tc hot ng ca c th cng khng ngng c nng ln v iu ny gip cho cc cu th c c nhng c s khoa hc cn thit pht trin k thut bng . Trong bt c hon cnh v thi im no d l trong qu kh, trong hin ti hoc trong tng lai th k thut bng cng u l nhn t ch o quyt nh s pht trin ca mn th thao ny. 2. Qu trnh pht trin chin thut Cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca mn bng hin i, chin thut bng cng c tng bc hon chnh. Trong giai on ban u thi u bng ch nhm mc ch duy nht l ginh chin thng. V vy, ngi ta thng khng quan tm n vic p dng cc chin thut thi u v cc i ch sp xp theo mt i hnh n gin nht. Khi mi ngi bt u ch n vic phi hp t c hiu qu cao hn th cc cu th trn sn mi bt u c s phn cng hp l: c chuyn bng, c bng, c tn cng, c phng th ri tng bc hnh thnh v khng ngng hon thin nhng chin thut cng, th r rng. iu ny khng ch gip cc u th pht trin k thut bng m cn gup h tng cng tnh hiu qu v s phong ph ca cc chin thut s dng. Qu trnh pht trin ca chin thut bng c th c chia ra lm cc giai on sau: - Giai on 1: (t nm 1863 n nm 1924) l giai on hnh thnh v th nghim ca cc chin thut bng . Cc i hnh ch yu bao gm: 9 tin o 1 hu v; 8 tin o 2 hu v; 7 tin o 3 hu v; 6 tin o 4 hu v; b tr theo i hnh hnh thp ngc (trn to di b). c im chin thut: cc cu th c b tr trn nhng v tr c nh vi cc nhim v c phn cng mt cch my mc v n thun. Do trong i hnh ny s ngi tn cng v phng th chnh lch nhau rt nhiu, cho nn cc cu th s gp rt nhiu kh khn do tc ng ca lut vit v. i hnh ny c li v chin thut cng nhc, thi u ch yu l dn bng xng thng ln v nh khng c s phi hp chin thut gia cc cu th. Cng vi s pht trin ca mn bng v p ng yu cu thc t th cui cng cc cu th cng c nhng khi nim v cng, th v s phn cng my mc n thun trc kia cng dn dn mt i thay vo l s phn cng b tr hp l v bin ha hn so vi thi k c i. Trong giai on ny bng c c mt s bin i r rt. - Giai on 2: (t nm 1925 n nm 1953) l giai on pht trin v n nh ca chin thut bng .

i hnh ch yu trong giai on ny l i hnh WM. c im chin thut: Sp xp v tr r rng, phn cng trch nhim hp l, lc lng cng, th cn bng, cng vn ng ca cc cu th mc nh nhau. Trong i hnh ny sc mnh ch yu tp trung khu trung tuyn (phn gia sn). Khi tin cng, hu v khng tin sang na phn sn ca i phng cn khi phng th tin o cng khng li v na phn sn ca mnh. Tuy nhin, do s ngi tp trung gn 2 khu pht n t cho nn kh to c sc p v kh thay i v tr. Tn cng ch yu l s dng cc ng chuyn di xng ln, khe h gia cc hng phng th ln v dt im ch yu l st bng mnh vo cu mn. C th ni y l mt chin thut ht sc n iu. - Giai on 3: (t nm 1954 n nay) l giai on sng to, pht trin v hon thin ca chin thut bng . i hnh ch yu bao gm: 4 2 - 4; 4 4 4; 4 4 2; 3 5 2; 5 3 2; v mt s cc bin th cc i hnh c bn trn. c im chin thut: - Tng cng c sc mnh v s phi hp trong khu pht n. - S lng tin o t i, s ngi tuyn gia v tuyn sau tng ln, ng thi s uy hip trong tin cng bng cch phc ngm tuyn 2 v tuyn 3 cng tng ln. - i hnh bin ha linh hot a dng. - Rt c li cho vic trin khai mt li ton din. *Nhng nguyn nhn ch yu thc y s pht trin v hon thin chin thut l: - Phng php thi u v cc iu lut c sa i v hon thin. V d: thay i t i hnh 9 tin o 1 hu v sang i hnh WM m mt thi tng thng tr trong lng bng th gii, ch yu l do s tc ng ca cc phng php v cc iu lut thi u. - Vic nng cao trnh k thut, ci tin hon thin chin thut v tng cng cc t cht th thc, i hi phi c mt i hnh mi thc hin. i hnh mi li thc y v lm ny sinh nhng k, chin thut mi. Nhng k, chin thut mi ny tng bc c hon thin, tc ng ln nhau v iu ny thc y s pht trin v hon thin ca chin thut bng . - ginh c thng li trong thi u, cc i u c gng sng to ra mt loi hnh chin thut mi v iu ny lun l im t ph ch yu m ra con ng dn n chin thng. V d nm 1872 i Scotlan p dng i hnh tin o 4 hu v nh bi i hnh 7 tin o 3 hu v ca i Anh vi t s 3 : 2 v k t cc i bt u ch trng ti vic ci tin i hnh. Nm 1954 ngi Hungary da trn c s ca chin thut phng th WM a ra mt chin thut vi 4 tin o v 2 ln nh bi i Anh. Nm 1958 i Braxin li dng chin thut 4 2 4 i ph vi chin thut 4 tin o trn. n nm 1974, H Lan, Ty c li p dng chin thut 1 3 3 3 (1 hu v t do, 3 hu v, 3 tin v, 3 tin o) m ra mt thi k pht trin mi vi li tng lc (ton i tn cng, ton i phng th). Ni chung h u s dng nhng li bin ha vi nhng i hnh chin thut mi gii quyt nhng vn cn tn ti trong tn cng v phng th nhm pht huy ti a s trng v hn ch ti mc ti thiu nhng nhc im thu c kt qu cao nht. - pht huy c y sc mnh ca ton i v s trng ca mi c nhn, cc i u tranh th ginh quyn ch ng kim ch i phng bng cch a vo p dng nhng i hnh chin thut mi, hoc a dng ha vic trin khai thc hin trong cc i hnh chin thut c thu c hiu qu cao hn. y cng chnh l mt trong cc nguyn nhn ch yu thc y s pht trin v hon thin ca chin thut bng .

- Ni chung vic sp xp, b tr i hnh l mt trong cc yu t c bn to thnh chin thut thi u. Tri qua qu trnh phn tch, nghin cu trn thc t, cc chuyn gia s tng bc nm vng c quy lut hot ng ca n tng kt, qui np v to ra nhng i hnh chin thut mi ton din hn, khoa hc hn. Nhng i hnh chin thut mi ny li c vn dng mt cch sng to vo trong thi u lm tng tnh hiu qu trong hot ng cng, phng, y mnh s pht trin ca k, chin thut khng ngng nng cao trnh v tnh hp dn trong thi u.

K thut Phng ng
Kh nng phng ng l cha kha dn n thnh cng trong bng . AC Milan ca giai on cui 1980 v u 1990 kh ginh ba chic cp C1 nu khng nh b t hu v huyn thoi: Baresi, Maldini, Costacurta v Tassotti. Ngy hm nay, rt nhiu hu v l thn tng ca khn gi ton cu: John Terry, Rio Ferdinand, Philipp Lahm, Gianluca Zambrotta Bn th xem nhng bi hc v k thut phng ng c gip bn thm sc so khi ra sn c khng nh. 1.Truy cn Theo st i phng, gi mt khong cch st vi i th nhm tng cng sc p. 2.Che bng Che bng l mt k thut rt hu ch. Bn khng lun lun cn truy cn i th ot bng hoc lm chm nhp ca h Che bng s khin i th mt thi gian v khng gian. Nh th l chin thut hp l ch ng i tr v v tr ca h. Bc mt Nghing ngi sang mt pha, vi hai vai dn m mt cht c th to thnh ro chn chn cu th i phng. T th ny cng cho php nhn thy cu th i phng r hn pha trc mt bn. Nu gi hai u gi hi cong, trng lng c th dn ln pha trc hai bn chn, c th d dng chuyn hng khi di chuyn li li pha sau. Bc hai Cn c gng v lun lun ng pha 'khung thnh', v cng trc mt i th. C th lm c iu ny bng ng tc di chuyn linh hot chn sau khi li. Bc ba C gng gi mt khong cch mt cnh tay vi i th nhm tng cng sc p. Nu dang rng hai cnh tay ra mt cht hai bn sn, s to ra thm na mt ro chn t nhin hn. Song c ng s dng tay y i phng 3.Tranh bng D bn chi v tr no, bn cng cn bit tranh bng. Nu i ca bn hin khng gi quyn kim sot bng, r rng iu quan trng l ot li n. C rt nhiu cch lm iu , song tranh bng l cch tt nht v ph bin nht. Bc mt Tin n trc mt i th tht nhanh khng cho h thi gian v khng gin x l bng. Che chn trc mt i th v ch c hi tt nht tn cng i khi ch t i th di p lc cng khin h phm li no . Tin n trc mt i th tht nhanh khng cho h thi gian v khng gian x l bng. Bc hai Khi bn ngh c th ot c tri bng, sc nng c th nn dn v pha trc chun b tranh bng bng lng trong bn chn. iu s khin i th ca bn hoc phi chuyn bng hoc phi a bng qua bn. Bc ba Nu qu bng b mc gia chn bn v chn i th, hy chn bn bn di tri bng lm n vng ra. m bo l chn v mt c ca bn tht vng chc sut pha tranh bng. Bn s d b thng hn nu bn khng thc s chun b y cho pha tranh bng 4.Chui bng Vo nhng thi im nht nh, c chui bng l mt k nng rt hiu qu. C chui bng nhn cng kh p mt, song hy nh ch l bin php cui cng.

Vn vi c chui bng l n khin ngi hu v nm trn sn v tm thi khng tham gia vo trn u. V nu bn khng chn ng thi im bn s b mc li c th dn n qu penalty nu trong vng cm a. Bc mt C chui bng t pha sau b cm trong bng , do bn cn c gng thc hin n t bn cnh v ngang qua ng i ca i th. Nu bn ang chy v hng khung thnh i nh v i th ang trc mt bn, bn s phi lm sao chn truy cn vng ln pha trc, nu khng s b coi l mt li Bc hai S dng chn trt ra cng xa i th cng tt. ng thi c gng y hoc mc tri bng ra khi bn trt qua. Khng cn bit c truy cn c thnh cng hay khng, hy ng dy cng nhanh cng tt sau khi thc hin xong ng tc chui bng. 5.k thut phng ng khi hu v i mt 1 u mt vi tin o i phng khi bn b t trong tnh th cc cu th phng ng khc ln tham gia tn cng v ko kp lui v h tr bn, bn phi mt mnh i mt vi tin o i phng, bn s lm g.Ci u tin cn ni y l bn ko dc lao thng v pha tin o i phng cp bng, iu ny s gip cho tin o i phng c th d dng i bng qua bn hoc thm ch l ng gi v, iu ny s rt bt li cho bn.Iu m bn cn lm l bnh tnh ng chn trc mt cu th i phng v di chuyn li theo hng pha sau ca mnh.iu ny s khin tin o i phng bi ri v s buc phi chuyn v nu c gng di bng qua bn th bn s d dng chn dc.Trong mt s trng hp c bit, tin o i phng s c th tung ra c dt im ngay.Nu gp phi tnh hung ny bn phi chc chn l bn khp tay vo trnh bng bng chm tay, tip bn phi chc chn mt iu l bn ko che mt th mn th mn c dc tm nhn tt nht khi bt bng.Chc cc bn thnh cng! Mt s ng link gip bn c nhng hnh nh minh ho c th cho tng k thut ng tc phng ng ni trn. http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...03669_jock.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...662_jock_2.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...658_jock_3.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...96_jock_f4.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...ackle_anim.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...k_tackle_2.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...k_tackle_3.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...k_tackle_4.gif http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/image...3717_slide.gif