WELCOME

TO ALL PARTICIPANTS
CROP MAXIMIZATION PROJECT II

RAHIM YAR KHAN

WHEAT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

By:

Irfan Arshad
Credit & VO Help Officer Crop Maximization Project-II, (DISU) Rahim Yar Khan

Introduction
Technical Name; Triticum aestivum

Origin and History;

First grew in the Middle East, One of the first plants cultivated about 11,000 years ago. 4,000 B.C. wheat farming spread to Asia, Europe and North Africa In 1834, Cyrus McCormick, an American invented a reaping machine. In 1834, a threshing machine was also invented

Importance of Wheat
Staple food for more than one third of the world population. An important edible crop of Pakistan
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 360 kcal Carbohydrates Dietary fiber Fat Protein 1510 kJ 51.8 g 13.2 g 9.72 g Magnesium 239 mg 23.15 g Phosphorus 842 mg 120% Thiamine (Vit. B1) 1.882 mg 145% Riboflavin (Vit. B2) 0.499 mg 33% Niacin (Vit. B3) 6.813 mg 45% 65%

Vitamin B6 1.3 mg
Folate (Vit. B9) 281 g Calcium 39 mg

100%
70% 4%

Iron 6.26 mg

50%

Potassium 892 mg
Zinc 12.29 mg Manganese

19%
123% 13.301 mg

Pantothenic acid(B5) 0.05 mg 1%

Wheat leading producers (2008-09)

Country* European Union China (Mainland) India United States of America Russian Federation Canada Pakistan Ukraine Australia 2008 est. million tonnes 150.0 112.5 78.4 68.0 63.8 28.6 21.8 25.9 21.4 2009 forecast 138.6 111.0 77.6 55.1 55.0 25.9 23.8 19.1 22.0

Wheat import by countries

Wheat export by countries

Area of Major Crops RYKhan

900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0
Acres Year
780000
733000

810000 750000
682000

746000
697000

718832

Cotton Wheat Rice

70000 0

33000

33000

2006

2007

2008

2009

Yield of Major Crops RYKhan

35
32.07

30
27.3

30.5 26.2
22.99 21.08

25 20

23.4

20.58 18.59

21.51

16.75

15 10 5
Maunds

Cotton Wheat Rice

0 2006
Year

2007

2008

2009

Area and Yield of Wheat RYKhan as Compared to Punjab

18000
16021 15896

16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000

15820

Area Punjab Area RYKhan Yield Punjab Yield RYKhan

797

750

28.05

27.64

30.09

746

2000 0

Area (000 Acres) Yield (in maunds)

26.43 26.02 32.7

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

Sowing Time
Early Sowing 25 Oct 10 Nov

Mid Sowing
Late Sowing

10 Nov 30 No
Upto 15 December

Time of Sowing for Different Varieties

Variety Faisal Abad 2008 Lasani 2008 Sahar 2006 Aqqab 2000 Panjnand 1 Ufaq 2002 Manthar 2003 *Inqilab 91 Shafaq 2006 Fareed 2006 Miraj 2008 *Bhakkar 2002 Time of Sowing Nov 1st Dec 10 Nov 1st Dec 10 Nov 1st Dec 15 Nov 1st Dec 10 Nov 1st Dec 15 Nov 1st Nov 25 Nov 1st Dec 15 Nov 1st Dec 15 Nov 10 Dec 15 Nov 10 Dec 15 Nov 10 Dec 15 Nov 10 Dec 10

* Sowing should be made on minimum areas as the varieties are affected with rust disease.

Characteristics of Recommended Varieties

Variety Height Leaf Mature Spike Leaf Structure (cm) Epansion Color 98-110 Partial Straight 1.7 - 1.8 90-110 Partial Straight 1.7 - 1.9 105-110 Straight 2 - 2.5 Yellowish Brown Yellowish Brown White White White Yellowish Brown White Reddish Brown Reddish Brown Reddish Brown Red Light Reddish Brown Av. Av. No. of Weight/000 Grains/spike grains 45 45 42 68 53 44 55 45 58 48 55 62 40 40 46 36.2 35 41.7 37 40.9 46 45 42 45 Potential Yield (Maunds/Acre) 61 61 64 69 70 70 68 72 60 46 65 73

Faisal Abad 2008 Lasani 2008 Sahar 2006 Uqqab 2000 Panjnand 1 Ufaq 2002 Manthar 2003 *Inqilab 91 Shafaq 2006 Fareed 2006 Miraj 2008 *Bhakkar 2002

100-110 Partial Straight 1 - 1.5 88 - 98 Straight 1.9 - 2.4

98 - 108 Partial Straight 2.3 85 - 98 Partial Straight 1.8 - 2.8 105 - 110 Partial Straight 3.6 90 -100 Partial Straight 1.5 - 2 75 - 90 Partial Straight 1.8 - 2.8 90 - 95 Straight 1.8

100 - 105 Partial Straight 1.9

* Sowing should be made on minimum areas as the varieties are affected with rust disease.

Soil Type & Land Preparation

Soil Type Wheat can be grown sandy loam to clay soil but best grown on loamy soil. Land Preparation Cultivate the fallow land 4-5 times before sowing Use land leveler if required Split the field into small portions before rouni water After rouni water at wattar conditions, use planker to preserve moisture Use Dab method in early and mid season cultivation of wheat to control weeds.

Seed Rate & Treatment

Use of Quality Seed
Certified seed. (Punjab Seed Corporation) Graded Seed (Through seed graders.)
Through 24 seed graders in District Rahim Yar Khan.

Seed Rate
50 Kg. 15th November. 60 Kg. 16th to 30th November. 70 Kg. 1st December to 15th December.

Seed Treatment
Seed dressing Fungicide (2 grams/ Kg.)

Sowing Methods

Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane Sowing of Wheat after Rice Sowing of Wheat on Beds

Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane

1. Wattar Method

Apply irrigation water 20 days before the harvesting of cotton sticks. After final picking and harvesting of cotton sticks, cultivate the land 2 times by cultivator followed by the use of rotavator. Then drill the seed with the help of Rabi Drill to get maximum germination.

Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane.

2. Dry Method

After harvesting of sugarcane or removal of cotton sticks cultivate the land two times with the help of cultivator Then one time with the help of rotavator or disk harrow. Then drill the seed in dry condition and apply irrigation water immediately. This method saves time and ensures good germination.

Sowing of Wheat after Cotton/ Sugarcane.

3. Gup Chut Method

After removal of cotton sticks cultivate the land 2 times with the help of cultivator followed by heavy planking. Then irrigate the field and broadcast the wheat seed which should be soaked 8-10 hours before broadcasting. This method is very useful in salt affected soils.

Sowing of Wheat after Rice

Stop irrigation water 15 days before the harvesting of rice. Then immediately after harvesting use one time rotavator and two-time cultivator/disk harrow and the two cultivations followed by planking. Then drill the seed with the help of Rabi drill.

Sowing of Wheat on Beds

Where there is shortage of irrigation water, wheat can be sown on beds. Sugarcane and rape seed/ mustard can also be sown as intercropping.

Fertilizer Management

Balanced Use of Fertilizer Analyze the status of Soil fertility & salts
The ratio of N: P should be 1.5: 1
Potash fertilizer should be applied for wheat sowing after Rice, Sugarcane and cotton Apply irrigation water immediately after the use of urea fertilizer Use Gypsum in salt affected soils before monsoon Use all Nitrogen fertilizer upto 31st January, late usage of nitrogen will cause logging. Use all phosphatic & potash fertilizer at sowing if not applied then use at 1st irrigation

Fertilizer Recommendations

Recommended Fertilizer Doses. (Kg) N

52 42 32

Soil Type

P
46 34 23

K
25 25 25

At Sowing (Bags)
2 DAP + 1/2 Uea + 1 SOP

At 1st/2nd Irrigation (Bags)

Poor Average Fertile

1 Urea or1.5 Amonium Nitrate 1 Urea or1.5 Amonium 1.5 DAP + 1/2 Urea + 1 SOP Nitrate 1/2 Urea or 1 Amonium 1 DAP + 1/2 Urea + 1 SOP Nitrate

Judicious Use of Irrigation

For wheat sowing after Cotton/Sugarcane 1st Irrigation: After 20-25 days of sowing At Tillering stage 2nd Irrigation: After 80-90 days of sowing At boot formation 3rd Irrigation: After 125 - 130 days of sowing At grain formation For wheat sowing after Rice 1st Irrigation: After 30-40 days of sowing 2nd Irrigation: After 80-90 days of sowing 3rd Irrigation: After 125 - 130 days of sowing

For late sown wheat

1st Irrigation: After 20-25 days of sowing 2nd Irrigation: After 70-80 days of sowing 3rd Irrigation: After 110-115 days of sowing

Weed Management
Weeds cause a loss of 14 42 % in yield. Two type of weeds
Broad leave weeds ( Batho, Jungly Palik, Jangli Sarsoon, Karund, Leh, Chatri, Dhodak, Shahtra, Sengi, Maina, Pohli, Rewari, etc) Narrow leave weeds (Dumbi Sitti, Wild oat, Javi,etc)

Weed Control Measures

Use of Clean/weed free seed Hand pulling (if manual labor available) Use of Daab method ( in early & mid sowing) Mechanical Methods i.e Hoeing, bar harrow etc Chemical Control

Weed Management

Weeds of wheat

Weeds of wheat

Chemical Control for broad leave weeds

#
1

Common Name
Bromoxynil +MCFA

Trade name
Buctril-M 40EC

Dose/Acre
500 Ml

Target weeds
Broad Leave Weeds, Bathu

Bromoxynil +MCPA
Terbutryn+ Trisalfuron Penimethalin

Brominal-M40 EC

500 Ml

Karund, Lahli

Logran Extra 64 WG Stomp 330 EC

100 gm

Chatri, Dhodak, Shahtra, Sengi, Maina Pohli, Rewari, Billi Booti, Laih

15002000 ml

Chemical Control for narrow leave weeds

Common Name

Trade Name

Dose/Acre

Target weeds

1 Fenoxaprop- Pumma 500 ml Supper P Ethyl

Narrow leave Weeds Wild oat, Dumbi Sitti

Weedicide for broad & narrow leave weeds

# Common Name Trade name Dose/Acre Target weeds

Isoproturon + Diflufenican

Panther 52 S.C

800 Ml

Isoproturon

Arelan 500 FW Graminon 50 FW Tolkan

800-900 Ml 800-900 gm 800-900 gm

Narrow & Broad leave Weeds

Metribuzin

Sencor 70 WP

100 gm

Use of weedicides
Total Market Rs 2.0 Billion
Cotton

Potato

Rice

Wheat

Sugarcane

Types nozzle Type ofof nozzle

Insect Pest & Their Control

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Black ant Termite Grasshopper Shoot fly Wheat weevil

vi. Cut worm vii. Aphid viii. Jassid ix. Armyworm x. Helicoverpa spp. xi. Rats

Control Measures for insect pests

Use minimum pesticides. Grow few lines of sarson crops around the wheat field for the biological control of aphids on wheat. Use dust pesticides around the field to prevent the armyworm to move from infected field to unaffected field. Irrigate the field to control the cutworm. Use the catching traps and also use the Phostoxin (Two tablets/ burrow) for control of rats

Diseases of wheat
Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici

Ear cockle Disease caused by Anguina tritici Flag smut caused by Urocystis tritici Rust caused by Puccinia spp.
i ii

 Kernal bunt caused by Tilletia indica

Powdary mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis

Control measures
Use the resistance varieties of wheat Seed treatments with fungicides (2g/kg of seeds) Use healthy seeds Uproot the effected plants with disease

Harvesting
Harvest the wheat crop at perfect maturity. Manage labor, treasures, reapers, tractors, and plastic sheets before harvesting. Do not harvest the crop during rains

Harvesting

Special Initiatives for Targeting Food Security through Productivity Enhancement of Wheat

Provision

of subsidized implements to the farmers

Wheat Demonstration Plots Wheat Yield Competition

PROVISION OF SUBSIDIZED IMPLEMENTS TO THE FARMERS

Targeting Food Security Through Productivity Enhancement of Wheat (Implements)2008-09 Name of Sr.No Implements. Allocation Alloted booked. Delivered Per Unit Price

Seed Graders Bnad Placement Drill

13

13

70000

54

54

53

53

70000

Rabi Drill

23

23

21

21

35000

Hand Sprayers

1320

813

741

741

3500

Financial Utilization. (in Rs)

Allocation Utilized % Utilized.

5057500

3540250

70%

Layout of Wheat Demonstration Plots " Targeting Food Security Through Productivity Enhancement of Wheat " 2008-09 Name of Demonstration Sr.No Plots. 1 Wheat

Allocation 122

Sowing of D.Plots. 122

Financial utilization.(In Rs)

Allocation Utilized % Utilized.

1037000

829440

80%

WHEAT YIELD COMPETITION 2008-09

Name of Tehsil No. of application received No.of Wheat plots where visually inspected 276 276 264 242 1058 Total No. of plots to be harvested No. of Plots finalized by the Markaz committee for harvesting 70 44 50 44 208 No. of wheat plots harvested

Rahim Yar Khan Sadiq Abad Khan Pur Liaquat Pur District Total

276 276 264 242 1058

70 70 50 50 240

16 17 21 10 64

Implements to be provided under Wheat Yield Competition 2008-09

Tractor

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4

Name of Implement Fiat Tractor, 55HP Diesel Engine Reaper Band placement Drill

Number to be provided 05 04 05 01

Diesel Engine

Reaper

Fertilizer Band placement Drill

Thank You