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THUYT TRNH BI BO C HC RN NT

Tn bi bo

Smeared Crack Models For Reinforced Concrete Beams by Finite Element Method (M hnh ha vt nt phn tn trong dm Btng ct thp bng Phng php Phn T Hu Hn)
R.C.G. Menin, L.M. Trautwein, T.N. Bittencourt

GVHD: TS. NGUYN MINH LONG THNH VIN NHM 1: 1. PHAN TR NHN 11211016 2. TRN L ANH V- 11211027 3. NG XUN LAM 11210227 4. NGUYN ANH TUN 5. L TUN ANH 11210229 6. CH THANH - 11211018 5/13/12

1. GII THIU

1. GII THIU: -B tng ct thp tr thnh mt trong nhng loi vt liu kt cu quan trng nht trong th k va qua v ngy cng c s dng mt cch rng ri trong cc lnh vc khc nhau ca xy dng. Do kh chu ko thp, nn kt cu b tng b nt ngay c khi n chu ti trng mc thp, iu ny gy ra s gim ca cng v lm thay i s phn phi ng sut bn trong , v kt qu l kt cu bc l trng thi ng x phi tuyn. -M hnh vt nt l ch phc tp khi lin kt vi vn bt lin tc ca trng chuyn v. Trong m phng s cho dm b tng ct thp bng phng php PTHH, c 3 khuynh hng khc nhau c pht trin miu t cho vt nt: m hnh vt nt n, vt nt phn tn v, m hnh hp nht. -M hnh vt nt n c da trn tng l tnh ton trn mt phn ca vt rn vn cn lin tc Click to edit Master subtitle style v khng b ph hy, v th trong sut qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca vt nt hin hu, cc cnh ca n hp nht vi ng bin ca vt rn .Vt nt c m hnh ha bng trng chuyn v bt lin tc gia nhng phn t hu hn v n phi pht trin dc theo bin, vic ny gy ra s hn ch trong phng lan truyn. ng dng ca nhng m hnh ny c gii hn trong nghin cu nhng vn bao gm s tin trin ca mt vi vt nt, vic p dng m hnh ny i vi hu ht cc kt cu b tng ct thp cn b hn ch.

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2. M HNH VT NT PHN TN

-Trong m hnh vt nt phn tn, vt liu b nt c xem nh lin tc v s bt lin tc trong trng chuyn v do vt nt gy ra c tri rng bng qua cc phn t bng cch thay i phng trnh c bn. Mc d nghin cu thnh cng trn hu ht kt cu b tng ct thp, mt trong nhng khuyt im ca m hnh ny l rt kh nghin cu v tnh trng vt nt cc b cng nh l vn v nhy c lin quan n s chia li trong phn t hu hn. - Giai on sau, m hnh vt nt hp nht xut hin, n hp nht kha cnh hu ch ca ca 2 khuynh hng trc: khng cn phi nh ngha li h li(nhc im trong m hnh vt nt n) v kt qu thu c c lp vi vic chia li phn t hu hn (m hnh vt phn tn). M hnh ny da trn khi nim ca s hp nht bt lin tc trong phn t hu hn tiu chun. 2. M HNH VT NT PHN TN:

Click dng trong kt cu subtitle style -K t khi c s to edit Master b tng ct thp, phng php PTHH mang n nhiu thun li cho vic miu t vt nt bng cch thay i phng trnh c bn (m hnh vt nt phn tn) thay v thay i li phn t hu hn (m hnh vt nt n). Phn tch u tin da trn tng ph hoi dn, c ngha l cng vt liu bng 0 theo hng ca ng sut ko ln nht khi ng sut ko ln hn gii hn chu ko.
- Sau , ngi ta thy rng c th t c cc kt qu tt hn giai on sau khi ng sut t nh bng cch p dng ng gim dn ca ng sut. miu t cho ng x , biu ng sutbin dng c xc nh bng nhng gi tr thc nghim, v sau , mt vi m hnh c xut (Cedolin e Dei Poli [1], Bazant v Gambarova [2], Gupta v Maestrini [3], Vecchio [4]).

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2. M HNH VT NT PHN TN

-Mc d c p dng thnh cng m t ng x ca kt cu b tng ct thp khi a ra m hnh vt nt tt, khi s dng m phng kt cu c ng x chu nh hng ln do vt nt (b tng khng ct thp hoc dm cao), nhng m hnh bc l mt s khuyt im. Mt trong ngng khuyt im l nhy ca h li gy ra do vic khng xem xt n mt s quan im ca C hc rn nt. V th, cn thit phi p dng quan im ca C hc rn nt mt cch trc tip trong vic phn tch kt cu b tng, to ra mt lot cc m hnh mi (Bazant and Cedolin [5], Bazant and Oh [6], Feestra and de Borst [7]). - Rots and Blaauwendraad [8] a ra nghin cu so snh gia hai m hnh vt nt n v vt nt phn tn. Nghin cu ny a ra tng chia m hnh vt nt phn tn thnh m hnh c nh v m hnh xoay. Trong m hnh c nh, hng ca vt nt khng thay i trong sut qu trnh tnh ton , trongClick to edit Masterhng ca vt nt c th thay i, da trn hng chnh. C khi , vi m hnh xoay, subtitle style mt phng n trung gian, l khi nim m hnh vt nt phn tn c nh a chiu. C nhng m hnh da trn l thuyt do, l m hnh c th biu din tt nhng giai on trc nh v sau khi t gi tr ln nht, bao gm mt m hnh c bn v mt tiu chun ph hy c a ra bi Ottosen [9] and Pramono and Willam [10] - C nhng m hnh da trn l thuyt do, l m hnh c th biu din tt nhng giai on trc nh v sau khi t gi tr ln nht, bao gm mt m hnh c bn v mt tiu chun ph hy c a ra bi Ottosen [9] and Pramono and Willam [10]

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA - Chng trnh DIANA phin bn 9.1 c dng nh gi s lm vic ca nhng m hnh vt nt phn tn khc nhau. DIANA l mt phn mm phn t hu hn da trn phng php chuyn v phn tch phi tuyn kt cu b tng, n c pht trin t nm 1972 bi Delft University of Technology ti H Lan. - M hnh vt nt phn tn c nh ngha thng qua s kt hp ca ba yu t: tiu chun ph hoi (hng s hay tuyn tnh), s chuyn ct qua vt nt (ton b, hng s hay l bin s) v ng x mm ha ca vt liu (gin, tuyn tnh, a tuyn tnh hay phi tuyn). to kh nng kt hp ca m hnh vt nt vi ng x do ca vtsubtitle dng tng , c tch thnh 2 phn, mt l bin Click to edit Master liu, bin style dng n hi, e, hai l bin dng nt cr. Trong nh ngha ca m hnh c bn , tiu chun bt u mt vt nt mi v mi quan h ng sut bin dng cn phi c thit lp. - bt u mt vt nt, cn c hai yu cu sau: ng sut chnh phi ln hn ng sut gii hn, v trong trng hp c mt vt nt trc , gc gia vt nt hin hu v ng sut ko chnh phi ln hn gc vt nt ban u . V m hnh ng sut bin dng, mi quan h ng sut- bin dng trong hng vung gc vi vt nt c biu th bi:

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

Trong ft l cng ko ca b tng, v bin y l hm c trng cho biu mm ha ca vt liu. Bin dng gii hn ult c gi nh l hng s, c th tnh c t cng ko b tng ft, nng lng ph hy Gf v din tch phn t (c c trng bi chiu di tng ng h):

Trong :

Nng lng ph hy Gf c tnh ton bng 2 cch: cch u tin da vo m hnh CEB-FIP [11] v cch th hai da vo quy lut ca nhnh mm ha v nhnh ti bn ca b tng. Kh nng khc c dng trong quy lut ha mm-ti bn vi m hnh lu bin trong l thuyt do. Trong s cc m hnh vt nt phn tn c sn trong DIANA, c cc m hnh sau: c nh , a chiu v m hnh xoay. Trong bi bo ny, ch m hnh vt nt phn tn a chiu c s dng.

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

3.1 M hnh vt nt phn tn a chiu - M hnh vt nt phn tn a chiu c bit n nh ng x trung gian gia m hnh c nh v m hnh xoay. M hnh ny cho php c nhiu vt nt i qua cng 1 im v cn c vo tham s gi l gc gii hn, ta c th thu c m hnh c nh hoc m hnh xoay. Tham s ny m t gc gia vt nt c sn v mt vt nt khc c hnh thnh ti cng mt im v gi tr tiu chun ca n l 600. Nu tham s ny c thay i thnh 900 th ta thu c m hnh c nh, nu thay i n 00 th ta thu c m hnh xoay. - Trong bi ny, s dng tham s tiu chun nh ngha trong DIANA. M hnh vt nt phn tn a chiu cho thy mt vi s khc nhau trong mi quan h n m hnh c nh, mt trong s l: Cc m hnh b tng khc nhau cho ng sut ko, phng n c gia tng hay khng cng theo phng ngang v kh nng s dng m hnh ng sut bin dng c ngun gc t l thuyt do. ng Click to edit ko c th c nh ngha x ca b tng chu ng sut Master subtitle stylebng 2 hnh thc khc nhau: hng s v tuyn tnh.

Hng s: tha nhn gi tr bn chu ko l hng s v xem mt vt nt bt u xut hin nu ng sut ko chnh ln nht ln hn bn chu ko ca b tng. Tuyn tnh: tha nhn bin thin tuyn tnh v xem mt vt nt mi bt u xut hin nu ng sut ko chnh ln hn gi tr nh nht gia ft v ft(1+ lateral/fc), trong lateral l ng sut ngang chnh v fc l bn chu nn ca b tng.

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

- Trong m hnh vt nt phn tn, tham s c s dng, y l tham s gim cng theo phng ngang ca vt liu c gi l h s lc ct d tr. Do cng chng ct c th c trnh by nh sau:

- Tham s c gi tr t 0 n 1. Khi gi tr ny tin ti 0, cng chng ct ca b tng t c l rt nh v trong trng hp ngc li, khi gi tr ny bng 1, cng chng ct bng v hn v n s ngn cn s hnh thnh vt nt theo hng ny. Da trn ngh t cc ngun nghin cu khc, cc v d s trong bi bo ny c phn tch bng cch s dng h s =0.2. Trong m hnh vt nt phn tn a chiu c th s dng tiu chun do cho vt liu nh: Tresca, von Mises, Mohr-Coulomb hoc Drucker-Prager, v c th chn ng x ko ca b tng c nhnh gim b. Mt s cc quy tc lm mm khc nhau ca cc vt liu c sn trong DIANA l: gin, tuyn tnh, phi tuyn c Click to edit Master subtitle style ngh bi Moelands-Reinhardt v Hordijk, xem Hnh 1. - ng x gin c c trng bi s gim ca ng sut tng sau khi t n tiu chun ph hy. ng x ny c th c m t bng biu thc sau y:

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

- Trong trng hp m hnh mm tuyn tnh, quan h ng sut bin dng trong vt nt c nh ngha theo biu thc sau:

- Hai m hnh phi tuyn khc vn c th p dng c. M hnh mm ha ca Moelands-Reinhardt s dng quan h phi tuyn gia ng sut v bin dng c trnh by trong phng trnh sau y vi h s c1 c ly vi gi tr khng i l 0.31:

- Mt m hnh phi tuyn khc c a ra trong DIANA l m hnh ca Hordijk, n s dng quan h hm s m gia ng sut php chu ko v bin dng, vi h s c1 v c2 c ly gi tr tng ng l 3.0 v 6.93 theo phng trnh sau:

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3. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG DIANA

- M hnh a chiu c sn trong DIANA c c trng bi m hnh ha vt liu kt hp m hnh vt nt phn tn (gin, tuyn tnh, hm s m) vi m hnh chy do chu nn, trong n c th s dng m hnh ph hy truyn thng nh: Tresca, Von Mises, Mohr-Coulomb hoc DruckerPrager. - M hnh ng sut bin dng cho ct thp l m hnh n do hon ho. Bng cch s dng m hnh ny, ng sut trong ct thp c th c xc nh bi phng trnh (9) v (10), trong fy l ng sut chy do, Es l module n hi, v s l bin dng ct thp:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2 - VecTor2 l mt phn mm phn t hu hn s dng trong phn tch kt cu b tng ct thp 2 chiu, n c pht trin bi trng i hc Toronto t nm 1990. Phn mm c pht trin song song vi vic thc hin mt lot cc th nghim kim tra d on tt hn ng x ca nhiu loi kt cu b tng ct thp. - C s l thuyt ca VecTor2 l l thuyt MCFT- l thuyt trng nn c hiu chnh, c pht trin bi Vecchio v Collins [12] v m hnh DSFM- m hnh trng ng sut phn nhiu lon, c pht trin sau bi Vecchio [4]. Nhng cng thc ny l cc m hnh phn tch d on phn ng ca cc phn t b tng ct thp, xem phn b tng b nt nh mt vt liu trc hng vi cc vt nt Click to edit Master subtitle style v DSFM s c gii quyt trong cc phn tn xoay. Cc khi nim chnh ca MCFT phn k tip. 4.1. L thuyt trng nn c hiu chnh (MCFT) - MCFT l mt m hnh phn tch i din cc ng x ca kt cu b tng ct thp 2 chiu c ri rc ha bng cc phn t mng chu tc dng ca ng sut php v ng sut tip, nh Hnh 2. M hnh ny nh gi ng sut v bin dng trung bnh (trong khu vc gia cc vt nt) v ng sut v bin dng cc b ca b tng v ct thp, cng nh chiu rng v hng ca cc vt nt trong sut qu trnh gia ti, da trn thng tin ny, mode ph hy ca phn t c th c xc nh.

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

- Vic m hnh ha phn t b tng nt c thc hin bng cch s dng vt liu trc hng v mt m hnh vt nt phn tn xoay. Ni cch khc, b tng nt c x l nh mt mi trng lin tc vi cc vt nt phn tn ct ngang phn t mng. Cc vt nt phn tn c th b thay i hng v lun lun c mi lin h vi s thay i hng ca trng ng sut chnh. MCFT c da trn 3 nhm quan h: i vi bin dng trung ca b tng v ct thp. * Quan h tng thch * Quan h cn bng ca ng sut trung trong b tng v ct thp. * Quan h v ng sut bin dng ca b tng nt v ct thp. - Mt s cc gi thuyt c tha nhn trong vic xy dng MCFT nh sau: ct thp phn b u, ng sut php v ng sut tip tc dng phn b u, lin kt bm dnh hon ton gia b tng v ct thp, vt nt phn b u v vt nt xoay, hng ca ng sut v bin dng chnh l trng nhau Click to edit Master subtitle style

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4.1.1 Phng trnh tng thch trong l thuyt MCFT - Phng trnh h tng thch MCFT c thit lp t bin dang trung binh trong cac thanh phn b tng v ct thep nh Hinh 3. Da trn gia thuyt bam dinh hoan hao, bin dang trung binh trong b tng ( c) bng vi bin dang trung binh cua thep ( s). Mt s thanh phn v hng ct thep co th c xem xt trong MCFT, vi vic xem xt phn t mang trc giao vi ct thep nh Hinh 2, phng trinh tng thich vit di dang:

- Vi mt gia tri bin dang ct xy, ta co th tnh c bin dang ko chnh trung binh va bin dng nen chinh trung binh cua BT, cung nh xac inh hng ca trc bin dang va ng sut ko chinh trungClick to cach s dung vong tron Mohr : binh bng edit Master subtitle style

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4.1.2 Phng trnh cn bng trong MCFT


4. - Xt s VTth t PHNaTNn t mang trong Hinh 4, M HNH vt NT do cu ph TRONG VecTor2

thng qua cn bng lc theo phng x v y, ng sut phap tac dung ln tm x , y phai cn bng vi ng sut phap trong b tng fcx, fcy v vi ng sut cua thep fsx & fsy - Cn bng moment thi ng sut ct tac dung ln tm la xy bng vi ng sut ct trung binh trong b tng cxy . Do , phng trnh cn bng cho ng sut trung binh co th c biu din bng phng trinh sau, vi sx v sy la hm lng ct thp theo phng x v y:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

- Do b tng b nt la trc hng vi ng sut chinh, vong tron Mohr co th c s dung lp mi quan h gia ng sut trung binh cua b tng fcx , fcy va ng sut keo chinh trung binh cua b tng fc1:

4.1.3 Lin h ng sut bin dng trong MCFT - Dung 30 tm 890x890x70 mm em thi nghim va kt qua a c phn tich va phat trin m hinh ng sut bin dng co th m ta ng x ca cua b tng nt khi chiu nen va chiu keo. - Quan h ng sut bin dng ca b tng chu nn lp ra mi lin h gia ng sut nen chinh fc2 va bin dang nen chinh c2. Th nghim trn cc tm a cho thy rng cng chiu nen va cng giam i khi bin dang keo chinh c1 tng ln. Hin tng nay, c gi l hin tng mm ha, c tch hp thng qua gim cng trong ng cong ng sut- bin dng ca btng:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

- Thnh phn t s l mt hm parabol ca Hognestad, c xc nh bng th nghim b tng chu nn n trc, thng thng c s dung cho b tng cng thng. 0 tng ng vi bin dng do fcgy ra, c xc nh t kt qu nn n trc. - Mu s phan anh hiu ng giam bn. i vi b tng chu ko, trc tin cn phi xc nh gi tr cng gy nt n trc ca b tng ft v gi tr bin dng ko tng ng, cr bng cc cng thc sau :

Ec: cng tip tuyn ban u ca b tng, c xc nh bng cng thc:

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- Trc khi nt, trang thai an hi tuyn tinh trong b tng chiu keo. Do o, sau khi nt, ng sut keo co th tn tai trong b tng gia cc vt nt do lc dnh tng tc gia b tng v ct thp. m hnh ha hin tng ny,MCFT xut cng thc sau:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

- i vi ct thep chiu nen va chiu keo, MCFT s dung mi quan h song tuyn tinh lin kt ng sut va bin dang trung binh. Vic m hnh ha vt nt trong DIANA c thc hin bng cch ny.

Click to Fsyield: gii ha chay cua style Es : modul an hi; edit Masternsubtitlethep

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4.1.4. iu kin v nt cc b trong L thuyt v trng nn sa i (MCFT) Nu cho trc mt bin dng trung bnh tha iu kin tng thch, th c th s dng mi lin h v ng sut bin dng xc nh ng sut trung bnh trong b tng v ct thp, cng nh ng sut php v ng sut tip tc dng vo kt cu. Tuy nhin, khng nn b qua kh nng kt cu c th b nh hng bi s do cc b ca ct thp ti vt nt hay s ph hoi trt dc theo vt nt. xt n nhng kh nng ny, l thuyt v trng nn sa i a ra cc gii hn v ng sut cc b ti vt nt v ng sut ko trung bnh ca b tng. Trng ng sut trong BTCT s khc nhau khi c tnh ton da trn gi tr trung bnh ti khu vc nm gia cc vt nt v khi tnh ton cc b ti vt nt. hiu r hn v vn ny, Hnh 5(a) m t cc ng sut trung bnh tiMaster subtitle style v Hnh 5(b) trnh by ng sut cc b Click to edit mt ct nm gia cc vt nt ti b mt t do ca vt nt. Lp phng trnh cn bng tnh hc gia ng sut cc b v ng sut trung bnh theo phng vung gc vi vt nt, ta c kt qu sau:

trong : fscrx v fscry l ng sut cc b trong ct thp ti vt nt nx v ny l gc gia phng php tuyn vt nt v ct thp.

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Xt cng thc (27), ng sut ko trung bnh ca b tng phi c gii hn bi s chy do ca ct thp nh sau:

Trong mt phng chnh khng c ng sut ct v do Hnh 5(a) khng c ng sut ct. Tuy nhin, do ct thp thng nm xin gc vi vt nt nn ti mt phng nt s tn ti ng sut ct cc b ci. Thng qua phng trnh tnh hc ca ng sut trung bnh v ng sut cc b theo phng tip tuyn vi b mt vt nt, ng sut ct cc b c th c xc nh bng cng thc sau: Click to edit Master subtitle style

Tuy nhin, ng sut ct cc b b gii hn bi tc ng kha chn ct liu, tc ng ny gim i khi b rng vt nt (w) tng ln v khi kch thc ct liu (a) gim i. Da trn nghin cu v c ch kha chn ca ct liu c pht trin bi tc gi Walraven, L thuyt v trng nn sa i thit lp mt gii hn i vi ng sut ct trn vt nt:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4.2 M hnh trng ng sut nhiu lon (DSFM) DSFM l s m rng ca MCFT vi mc ch x l nhng khim khuyt ca MCFT. V d nh trong cc cu kin c t ct thp, khi s trt dc theo vt nt l ng k, s xoay ca trng ng sut c khuynh hng to ra mt s khc bit no vi s xoay ca trng bin dng. Trong nhng trng hp ny, nu tnh ton theo MCFT vi gi thit l phng ca ng sut chnh v bin dng chnh l trng nhau th cng v cng tnh c l d. Mt khc, cc cu kin trong phng chnh ca trng ng sut v bin dng c khng trng nhau th tnh theo MCFT thng thng gi tr cng v cng c c lng thiu. DSFM v khi nim l tng t nh MCFT, tuy nhin n m rng MCFT nhiu kha cnh. Trc tin, DSFM m rng phng trnh tng thch ca MCFT xt n s trt ti vt nt. Hn na, DSFM tchClick to editng sut chnh v bin style bit hng ca Master subtitle dng chnh. Bng cch tnh ton mt cch r rng bin dng trt ti vt nt, DSFM loi b vic phi kim tra ng sut ct.Nhng s thay i v tnh ton mi lin h ng sut- bin dng ca b tong v ct thp cng c gii thiu. 4.2.1 Mi quan h tng thch trong DSFM Mc d MCFT tha nhn rng phng ca ng sut chnh v bin dng chnh trng nhau, nhiu th nghim thc nghim chng t rng gi thit ny khng phi lun lun ng sau khi xut hin vt nt. Cc kt qu thc nghim chng t rng trng bin dng chnh thng thng s phi thay i hng ca n tc ln hn trng ng sut chnh.

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Hin tng ny c th c cho l thuc tnh ca cch thc xc nh trng ng sut v bin dng. Bin dng o c l tng cc bin dng trung bnh trong b tng nt (Hnh 2) v bin dng trt gy ra do s trt dc theo vt nt nh trong Hnh 6. m t ng x ny, DSFM nh ngha bin dng tng x, y v xy l tng ca bin dng thc trong b tng cx, cy v cxy v bin dng trt xs , ys v xys.

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Bin dng thc chnh chu ko trong b tng (c1) v bin dng thc chnh chu nn trong b tng (c2) c th c tnh ton da trn vng trn Mohr:

Thnh phn bit dng trt ti vt nt xs , ys v xys c th c tnh ton t bin dng trt trung bnh ti vt nt s. N bng bin dng trt ti vt nt s chia cho khong cch trung bnh gia cc vt nt, s, da theo cng thc sau:

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Phng chnh ca bin dng thc trong b tng v phng chnh ca ng sut trong b tng so vi trc x c th c xc nh t vng trn Mohr vi cc thanh phn bin dng ca b tng nh sau:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Phng chnh ca bin dng thc trong b tng v phng chnh ca ng sut trong b tng so vi trc x c th c xc nh t vng trn Mohr vi cc thanh phn bin dng ca b tng nh sau:

Tng t, phng chnh ca trng bin dng tng c th c xc nh t cc thnh phn bin dng tng:

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Mc d trong phng php DSFM, c th s dng nhiu thnh phn v hng ct thp, nu xt n phn t mng gia cng trc hng v gi thit s kt dnh l hon ton th bin dng trung bnh trong thnh phn ct thp theo phng x v y s bng vi bin dng tng:

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4.2.2 Phng trnh cn bng trong DSFM Xt phn t mng c ct thp trc giao, mi quan h cn bng ca DSFM c xc nh ging nh phn trc ca MCFT, l

Tng t, cng thc DSFM cng kt hp cc mi quan h cn bng ng sut cc b ti vt nt

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ng sut ko trung bnh ca b tng phi gii hn bi ng sut chy do ca b tng ct thp tri qua nt

Tuy nhin, ging vi MCFT, ng sut ko khng chu gii hn ca ng xut ct vt nt, bi v bin dnttng hp DSFM ph thuc vo trt do ct, thay v p t gii hn ng sut tng ng vi ph hoi trt do ct.

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

4.2.3 Thnh lp mi quan h trong DSFM Phn tch thc nghim chui panel b tng ct thp khin cho Vecchio v Collins [12] xut h s suy gim phn nh hiu ng gim bn ca b tng v s kt ni ca n vi ng sut ko chnh.

Trong cng thc trn, nh hng gim bn ca ng sut ko ngang c gii quyt bi h s , c nh ngha bi

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Thng s xc nh khi vic phn tch phn t lin quan n bin dng trt. Nu phn tch khng xt n bin dng trt, nh trong MCFT, th . Nu xt n bin dng trt, nh trong DSFM, th hiu ng gim bn xut hin gn nh ging nhau cho cng t s khi hiu ng gim bn ch gy ra bin dng ko. Trong trng hp ny Cs = 0,55. xem xt hiu ng gim bn ca b tng, cng b tng hnh tr v bin dng cc hn gim cn

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Quan tm n m hnh cu to m phng ng x ko b tng, ta tha nhn rng phn ng trc nt l n hi tuyn tnh v ng sut ko trung bnh ca b tng gy nt ph thuc vo cng ko, c th c m hnh bi quan h ph hy phi tuyn

H s ct tng hp s nh hng ca tnh bm dnh trong b tng ct thp v xc nh bi cng thc sau

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Trong , dbi l ng knh v l hm lng ct thp tnh trn mt trong n thanh ct thp trong b tng. Trong DSFM, m hnh cu to tam tuyn cho b tng ct thp chu ko hoc chu nn c dng gii quyt hin tng ti bn bin dng

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

Trong Es l module n hi, fsyield l cng chy do ca ct thp; syield l bin dng chy ca ct thp; sh l bin dng ti im trn cng ca ng ti bn bin dng; v u l bin dng cc hn ca ct thp. 4.3 Ma trn cng vt liu composite Ma trn Click to edit Mastertng cc ma style cng vt liu b tng v ma trn cng vt liu composite l subtitle trn cng ct thp

Nh trong m hnh MCFT v DSFM, phn t b tng ct thp l vt liu trc hng vi hng ng sut chnh, cn thit phi thit lp ma trn cng vt liu b tng theo nhng hng ny, . Gi thit rng hiu ng Poisson l khng ng k, khi c th tnh theo

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4. M HNH VT NT PHN TN TRONG VecTor2

f c1

fc2

c1

c2

Module ct tuyn c tnh ton t gi tr hin ti ca ng sut chnh bin dng b tng v D'
si

v gi tr tng ng

D'si

Tng t, ma trn ct thp phi c xc nh ban u lin quan n trc dc cu kin. Gi thuyt rng ct thp chng li ng xut dc trc, ma trn c xc nh bi
D D Click to edit Master subtitle style
' c ' si

Sau , cc ma trn vt liu bng ma trn chuyn i sau

xc nh trn theo trc chnh c chuyn thnh trc x v y

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5. V D S

5. V D S 5.1) Dm B Tng Ct Thp Gi Gin n- Leonhardt V Walther [14] Mt tp hp ca bn mt ct Master subtitle styleET2, ET3 e ET4) c phn tch bi Click to edit dm b tng ct thp (ET1, Leonhardt v Walther [14] s c nghin cu s s dng cc m hnh vt nt phn tn DIANA v VecTor2. Dm ta n v chu ti trng thng ng nh Hnh 7.

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5. V D S

Ct thp dc di ca mt ct ngang gm bn thanh 20 mm v ng sut chy do fy =428 MPa. Ct thp dc pha trn bao gm hai thanh 8 mm c fy = 465 MPa. Ct thp ai 6 mm c fy = 320 MPa. Cng b tng khi lp phng , t c bng thc nghim ca Leonhardt v Walther [14], l fcub = 28,5ClickCng b tng khi hnh tr(fc = 22,8 MPa), cng nt b tng (ft = 1,57 MPa. to edit Master subtitle style MPa) v m-un n hi ban u (Eco = 23.874,67 MPa) c xc nh t b tng khi lp phng, theo Vecchio v Collins [12]. Tp hp cc dm b tng ct thp c phn tch vi cc m hnh vt nt phn tn, s dng quy tc lm mm khc nhau t DIANA (brit-TLE, tuyn tnh, khng tuyn tnh ca Moelands-Reinhardt v Hordijk) v tiu chun chy do ca von Mises, cng nh s dng cc DSFM t VecTor2. Cc thng s c s dng trong cc m hnh lm mm c th hin trong Bng 1.Cc ng x hon ton v m-un n hi Es = 210000 MPa c xem xt cho ct thp.

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5. V D S

Li phn t hu hn c s dng m hnh ha cc cu trc b tng vi 341 nt v 300 phn t hnh ch nht c th hin trong hnh 8. M hnh kt hp c s dng trong DIANA cho ct thp ri rc. Mt khc, VecTor2 s dng cc m hnh ring bit cho ct thp dc v cc m hnh phn tn cho thp ai.

Chuyn v thng ng ca dm ti im A (gia nhp) c th hin trong hnh Click to edit st th rng ng cong lc-chuyn v t c vi cc 9. N c th c quanMasterysubtitle style m hnh khc nhau trnh by mt s ph hp tuyt vi vi kt qu th nghim. Nhn chung, m hnh tnh ton cng cao hn mt cht so vi kt qu thc nghim. cng thm vo lin quan n vic xem xt s bm dnh hon ton v s ng gp ca b tng gia cc vt nt l ng k cho t l ct thp gia c nh. Dm ET1 (vi t l gia c thp nh) trnh by s khc bit ln nht i vi cc kt qu th nghim. Theo d'Avila [15] S khc bit gia cc m hnh s v thc nghim l t quan trng hn trong cc dm vi t l thp tng cng cao hn (ET2, ET3 v ET4). 5/13/12

5. V D S

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5. V D S

hiu r hn hnh vi ca cc dm v c ch ph hoi ca chng, c hin th trong hnh 10, m hnh nt v nh hng ca bin dng ko chnh 1 v bin dng nn chnh 2 ca dm ET4 cho mt ti P =76,8 KN.

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5. V D S

5.2) Dm b tng ct thp lin tc - Leonhardt v Walther [16] Mt tp hp ca ba dm b tng ct thp (HH3, HH4, HH5) c kim tra thc nghim bi Leonhardt v Walther [16] s c phn tch bng cch s dng mt m hnh vt nt phn tn vi quy tc lm mm Hordijk v tiu chun chy do von Mises trong DIANA v cng viDSFM trong VecTor2.Cc dm ch nht c tit din (25 x 32 cm 2),chiu di v t l thp khc nhau, nh th hin trong hnh 11.

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5. V D S

Ct thp dc chu ko v nn u s dng 14 vi fy = 417 Mpa. Ct ai ngang 8 vi fy = 371 Mpa . Chiu di ca dm v tnh cht c hc ca n c th hin trong Bng 2. Cc thng s c thng qua cho m hnh ca Hordijk c th hin trong Bng 3. Es = 210000 MPa .

Li phn t hu hn c s dng m hnh ha cc cu trc b tng vi 369 nt v 320 phn t hnh ch nht c th hin trong hnh m hnh 12.Mo hnh u vo c s dng trong DIANA cho ri rc ct thp.Mt khc, VecTor2 s dng cc m hnh ring bit cho thp dc v cc m hnh nt phn tn cho thp ai. Cc chuyn v thng ng ca cc dm ti im A c hin th trong Hnh 13.ng cong lc-chuyn v t c vi cc m hnh khc nhau trnh by mt s phu hp tuyt vi vi kt qu th nghim. Khi bt u ca qu trnh ti cc m hnh tnh ton trnh by mt cng nh hn so vi kt qu th nghim, tuy nhin, giai on cui, iu ny o ngc tnh hnh v cc m hnh tnh ton bt u th hin cng cao hn mt cht so vi kt qu th nghim. cng thm vo trong cc m hnh tnh ton c gy ra bi hai yu t: s bm dnh hon ton v s ng gp ca b tng gia cc vt nt, cng c quan st trong v d trc.

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5. V D S

i vi lot bi ny ca dm lin tc, n cng cho thy mt s so snh ca ng sut thp cho cc m hnh khc nhau. Cc im phn tch: theo ti trng cho ct thp chu ko (im C) v s h tr ca thp nn (im B), nh th hin trong hnh 14, cho thy rng cc m hnh tnh ton c th nh gi ng ng sut thp trong qu trnh gia ti. Click to edit Master subtitle style hiu r hn ng x ca cc dm v c ch ph hy ca chng, m hnh vt nt v tng ng sut thp ca dm HH5 P = KN 195,4 c th hin trong hnh 15v 16.

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6. KT LUN

6. KT LUN Cc m hnh vt nt phn tn DIANA v VecTor2 c chng minh l rt hiu qu phn tch cc dm b tng ct thp chu un.ng cong lc- chuyn v thu c vi cc m hnh khc nhau trnh by mt s phu hp tuyt vi vi cc gi tr th nghim. Ni chung, cc m hnh tnh ton trnh by mt cng cao hn so vi kt qu th nghim. Trong s cc nguyn nhn gy ra cng thm vo, n c th c ch ra ng gp ca b tng gia cc vt nt, c chng minh l quan trng hn i vi ct thp nh hn v gi thuyt ca s bm dnh hon ton,do mc d khng Click iu t nhin c subtitle tr nn xt bm dnh,n l to edit Master cu trc ntstyle cng hn. Vic la chn cc quy tc lm mm vt liu cho thy l quan trng hn cho t l ct thp nh hn, trong m hnh gin trnh by s khc bit cao nht i vi cc gi tr thc nghim. Cc m hnh vt nt bm dnh c php m phng cc vt nt sau ng x ca b tng ct thp cho php theo di s pht trin ca ng sut v bin dng trong qu trnh gia ti v c c mt m hnh vt nt cho php hiu r hn v ng x ca n, cng nh theo di cc din bin ng sut v chy do ca ct thp.

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6. KT LUN

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