Using eye tracking, the researchers showed that as knowledge maps are modified successively by multiple users, new users spend less time lookingat specific content elements, shifting a greater balance of their attention to structural elements like labels. "This suggests that distributedsensemaking facilitates the process of 'schema induction,' or forming a mental model of the information being considered," Counts said.But this structure did not start to emerge until a map had been modified at least once. This would explain why participants favored the iteratedmaps over the others, Fisher said.One problem for distributed sensemaking is overcoming the "first iteration hump," the researchers noted. Though the participants favored maps thathad been improved by a succession of users, they also favored their maps created from scratch over those created by one other person. One way toget people to use newly created maps instead of making their own might be to pay them to modify another user's map, or to require users tointegrate some "first-round" maps before they are given access to the highly iterated ones. It may also be possible to use automated methods toproduce maps that look more like maps that have been revised by multiple users.This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, Microsoft and the Center for the Future of Work at Carnegie Mellon University.
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