A.

What is Semantics? 1. Generally, The Meaning of Semantics is the study of meaning that is used by humans to express themselves through language. 2. According to Crystal (1980:315), semantics is a major branch of linguistic devoted to the study of meaning in language. B. What are the Basic Concepts of Semantics? 1. Utterance Hurford and Heasley (1983:15) describe an utterance as any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part that person. 2. Sentence Hurford and Heasley (1983:16) describe that a sentence is neither a physical event nor a physical object. 3. Proposition Hurford and Heasley (1983:19) describe that a proposition is part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs. 4. Reference Hurford and Heasley (1983:25) state that by means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including person) are being talked about 5. Sense According to Hurford and Heasly (1983:28), the sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expression in the language. C. Reference 1. Referring Expression Hurford and Heasley (1983:35) define a referring expression as any expression used in an utterance to refer to someone (or a clearly delimited collection of things or people), i.e. 2. Predicates Hurford and Heasley (1983:46) define a predicates as any word or sequence of words which can function as the predicator of a sentence. Predicators in sentences contain verbs (go, send, see, etc), adjectives (red, angry, slow, etc), noun (father, son, boy, etc) and preposition (between, above, before, etc). 3. Extensions and Prototypes the extension of a one place predicate as . a prototype of predicate is an object which is held to be very typical of the kind of object which can be referred to by an expression containing the predicate. D. Sense 1. Sense Properties and Stereotypes: Analyticity, Syntheticity, Contradiction, 2. Sense Relation: Synonymy (Paraphrase of a sentence, Hyponymy) ; Entailment; Antonym (Binary antonyms, Converse, Gradable antonym, Contradictory); Ambiguity (Homonymy, Polysemy) E. Logic 1. The Role of Logic in Semantic; logic deas with meanings in a language system not with actual behaviour 2.A notation for simple propositions; Logic provides a notation for representing the essentials of propositions in unambiguous way. 3.. Connectives Connectives provide a way of combining simple propositions; Conjunction (&); Disjunction (V); Negation (~); Conditional (->); Biconditional () 4. Rules of Inference; Involving &; Involving V; Involving ->; Involving -> and ~; Involving F. Lexical Semantic (Word Meaning; Dictionaries; Meaning Postulaletes; articipant Roles. Definition of Linguistics Anthropology Anthropology comes from the Greek word is anthropos which means "man" or "people" and logos meaning "discourse" (within the meaning of "reasonable" or "rational"). Anthropology is study humans as biological organisms, as well as social beings. Anthropology linguistic is study of language and the relationship to the culture of the society; A. Physical Anthropology 1. Paleoanthropologist is the study of human origins and human evolution by examining fossils. 2. Somatologi is the study of the diversity of the human race by observing physical characteristics. B. Social and Cultural Anthropology 1. Prehistori is the study of the history of the spread and development of all human cultures on earth before humans familiar with writing. 2. Etnolinguistik anthropology is the study of characteristics and depictions of grammar and language of hundreds of tribes that exist in the world / earth. 3. Ethnology is the study of the principles of human culture in the life of ethnic communities throughout the world. 4. Etnopsikologi is the study of national identity and the role of individuals in the nation in the process of changing mores and values by adhering to the concept of universal psychology. There are four major branches of anthropology, namely: 1. Biological Anthropology: the study of human biology, particularly in relation to anthropology broadly conceived - a science of human. 2. Archaeology: subdisciplines are closely related.

3. 4.

Linguistic anthropology: part of the study of languages, but especially in relation to diversity. Cultural Anthropology: the broadest sense subdisciplines, fields of study includes the study of diversity of culture, the quest for universal elements of culture, uncovering the social structure, interpretation simbiolisme, and various problems related.

Linguistics Anthropology and Sociolinguistics Both sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics are concerned with the study of language in society. Sociolinguistics is concerned with how society is influenced by and influences language use. Anthropological linguistics describes this language interaction as it relates to the various peoples or cultural groups of the world. Linguistics anthropology and History linguistics Historical linguistics specifically studies the genealogy or evolution of individual languages. Linguistics Anthropology and Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistic is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. 6). Data Field Word

Methods of Linguistics Anthropology 1) Ethnography Ethnography is the scientific study of human social phenomena and communities, through means such as fieldwork. 2). Recording The records accumulated by anthropological linguists are often of a special nature, and their preservation and archiving must be addressed in special ways 3). Transcription Transcription are collects and disseminates information about the transcription of spoken interaction, including methods, theories, tools, and research ). Data Analysis After the data obtained, the researchers next task is to analyze the data. Data Report Data reporting is part of a system that reports key elements relating to an organization's performance in order to improve different aspects.

6).

Data Field Word

Examples of endangered languages are:

1. Chamicuro This language is commonly used in Peru and is currently considered to be critical, since most of the people who speak this language support elderly parents.
Chemehuevi Chemehuevi, a language used by the Ute, Colorado, Southern Paiute, Utah, northern Arizona, southern Nevada, and on the Colorado River, California.