3
CONTENTS
PAGEIntroduction
................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Part 1:Errors in Systems,Error in Testing
......................................................................................................................................6
Part 2:Documenting Active Errors in Testing
..........................................................................................................................11
Part 3:Documenting Latent Errors in Testing
..........................................................................................................................20
Conclusion
..................................................................................................................................................................................................28
End Notes
....................................................................................................................................................................................................31
Appendix A:Testing Errors Not Detected by Testing Contractors
..................................................................................33
Appendix B:Testing Errors Detected by Testing Contractors
..........................................................................................44
Appendix C:Errors in School Rankings
........................................................................................................................................49
Appendix D:Gray Areas;Test Results that Don’t Add Up
....................................................................................................54
Bibliography
..............................................................................................................................................................................................57