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ENGINEERING GRAPHICS I
Presented by Prof. N. P. Jadhav Prof. S. A. Ladkat
Department of Mechanical Engineering Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune
SYLLABUS Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Curves used in Engineering Practice Orthographic Projections Auxillary Projections Isometric Projections Interpretation of Given Views/Missing Views Freehand Sketching
Weightage for each Unit SECTION I Unit 1) Unit 2) Unit 3) Engineering Curves Orthographic Projections Auxillary Projections SECTION II Unit 4) Unit 5) Unit 6) Isometric Projections Missing Views Freehand Sketching 20 20 10 15 20 15
NATURE OF QUESTION PAPER SECTION I Q 1) Q 2) Q 3) Q 4) Q 5) Q 5) Engineering Curves OR Engineering Curves Orthographic Projections OR Orthographic Projections Auxillary Projections OR Auxillary Projections 15 15 20 20 15 15
NATURE OF QUESTION PAPER SECTION II Q 7) Q 8) Q 9) Q 10) Q 11) Q 12) Isometric Projections OR Isometric Projections Missing Views OR Missing Views Freehand Sketching OR Freehand Sketching 20 20 20 20 10 10
Orthographic Views
To draw two principal views, one sectional views for two objects
Sheet No. 3
Auxillary Views
To draw auxillary views from the given views for any two objects.
Isometric Views
Two problems
Missing Views
Two problems
BOOKS
1 2 3 4
N.D. Bhatt, Elementary Engineering Drawing P.S. Gill, Engineering Graphics D. N. Johle, Engineering Drawing Engineering Graphics by M. L. Dabhade.
ORTHOGRAPHICS PROJECTIONS
Contents : * * * * * * * * * * * Types of Drawing Theory of projections Types of projections Perceptive projections Oblique projections Isometric projections Orthographic projections Quadrant systems Principal planes Glass box concept First angle projection method
Types of Drawings
Portraits ( human faces, expressions etc.)
Engineering Drawings
Orthographic Projections
(FV,TV & SV.-Mech.Engg. terms) (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms) (Working Drawings 2-D type)
Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)
or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)
Theory of Projection
(Plan e of
Proje ction )
Wall
ct) bje (O
dow Sha
tion) c (Proje
rch o
Li g
Ball
Projection means To throw Forward. In this Object are being thrown (projected) forward in the form of Projection. Torch Torch Ball Shadow Wall Projection Ball Shadow Observer Object Projection Plane of Wall
Types of Projection Perspective Projection Oblique Projection Isometric Projection Orthographic Projection
Perspective Projection * Observer is at finite distance. * Rays or Projectors are converging at observers eye. * It does not provides exact size and shape of object.
ion t jec pro of e lan P
Object
Station point
oje Pr
ion ct
Orthographic Projection
Latin Origin
* ORTHO means Perpendicular. * Assume that observer is at infinite distance and rays or Projection lines are Parallel to each other and Perpendicular to the Plane of Projection. * Since the projectors are perpendicular to the plane of projection, the view is called Orthographic View and the projection method is called Orthographic projection.
Orthographic Projection * Orthographic projection is a two dimensional projection method. * FV : Length and height of Object
90 90 o o
FO RF .V.
* As projectors are Parallel to each other, the size of Orthographic View of an object is equal to the actual size of an object.
Oblique Projection * Observer is at infinite distance. * Rays or Projectors are Parallel to each other. * Rays or Projectors are not Perpendicular to the Plane of projection. (i.e. projectors are inclined to the plane of projection i.e. oblique)
e lan P tion c oje 90o f pr o
Object
Isometric Projection * Observer is at infinite distance. * Rays or Projectors are parallel to each other & perpendicular to the plane of projection. * All faces of the object are equally inclined to the planes of projection. * All faces of the object are visible in a single view.
Quadrant system
Observer
HP
Quadrant system
Quadrant
Observer Object Plane Observer Plane Object Observer Plane Object Observer Object Plane
Above HP, In Front of VP Above HP, Behind VP Below HP, Behind VP Below HP, In Front of VP
PRINCIPAL PLANES
TYPES
HORIZONTAL PLANE VERTICAL PLANE (H P) (VP) PROFILE PLANE (PP)
H. P.
. .V F
L.H .S. V.
Projectors are perpendicular to respective Reference Plane and are also Parallel to each others
T.V .
NOTE
. .V F
L.H.S.V.
Horizontal plane is rotated clockwise from the left and profile plane is rotated anticlockwise from the top so that all the three principal planes lies in a single plane .
V. T.
V.P .
P.P .
FV
LHSV
TV H.P
V.P .
P.P .
FV
LHSV
TV H.P
X1
FV
LHSV
TV Y1
Important points for first angle projection method * Object is situated in the First Quadrant. * Object lies between the observer & Principal Planes. * Orthographic projection of an object obtained on the VP is FV & always lies above the X-Y line. * Orthographic projection of an object obtained on the HP is TV & always lies below the X-Y line. * Orthographic projection of an object obtained on the PP is SV & always lies on the side of FV & above the X-Y line. * RHSV is drawn on the left side of FV. * LHSV is drawn on the right side of FV.
PRINCIPAL PROJECTIONS
Direction of Sight Plane of Projection Name of Projection
Front Top
Vertical Plane (VP) Horizontal Plane (HP) Right HandProfile Plane (PP) Left Hand Profile Plane (PP)
Conversion of Pictorial view into Orthographic Views Study of the object. Find the overall size of object i.e. Length, Width & Height. Draw blocks for F.V. (L x H), T.V. (L x W) & S.V. (W x H) in their respective position according to the method of projection. Take suitable distance of above blocks from reference lines (X-Y & X1-Y1).
Draw the view first which gives maximum visibility & which is simple to draw. In respective block, first draw the contour of the view followed by visible edges & at the end draw the hidden details. After drawing all views give all necessary dimensions (specify major dimension).
IMPORANT POINTS
CASE 1 : If line is parallel to both Vertical Plane & Horizontal Plane then Front View & Top View of the line always gives True Length on respective plane.
TL
TL
TL
If line is perpendicular to one of the reference plane (say to H.P.) then the view obtained is always Point view.
IMPORANT POINTS
CASE 2 : If Plane is Parallel to V.P. then in F.V. we get True Shape of Plane while in T.V. only Line View is observed.
TS
TS
If Plane is Parallel to H.P. then in T.V. we get True Shape of Plane while in F.V. only Line View is observed.
FOR T V
PROBLEM 1
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
X1
SV
R FO
FO R
FV
FV
L.H.S.V. Y
TV
Y1
FOR T V
PROBLEM 2
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
X1
SV
R FO
FO R
FV
FV
L.H.S.V.
TV
Y1
X1
Y1
X1
Y1
Problem5 - Pictorial view of the object is as shown in fig. draw 1) Front View in direction of Arrow X 2) Top View 3) Right hand side view.
XX
X1
W = 44 H = 44 R.H.S.V.
L = 86 F.V H = 44 W = 44 T.V L = 86
Y1
X1
Y1