Thunderbirds (TV series)

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Thunderbirds

Thunderbirds title screenshot, reruns for 2001

Children's Science fiction Genre Action Adventure Thriller Disaster

Format

Supermarionation puppetry

Created by

Gerry Anderson Sylvia Anderson

Gerry Anderson Sylvia Anderson Tony Barwick Written by Martin Crump Alan Fennell Alan Pattillo Donald Robertson Dennis Spooner

Directed by

Brian Burgess

David Elliott David Lane Alan Pattillo Desmond Saunders

Peter Dyneley Shane Rimmer Sylvia Anderson Christine Finn David Graham Voices of David Holliday Paul Maxwell Ray Barrett John Tate Charles Tingwell Jeremy Wilkin Matt Zimmerman

Composer(s)

Barry Gray

Country of origin

United Kingdom

Language(s)

English

No. of series

32 (64 in 30-minute "cliffhanger" No. of episodes format) (List of episodes)

Production

Executive producer(s)

Gerry Anderson (s. 2)

Producer(s)

Gerry Anderson (s. 1)

Reg Hill (s. 2)

Peter Elliott David Lane Editor(s) Harry Ledger Harry MacDonald Len Walter

Cinematography

John Read

Camera setup

Single

Running time

50 mins approx. per episode (excluding advertisements)

Production company(s)

AP Films

Distributor

ITC Entertainment

Broadcast

Original channel

ATV

Picture format

Film (35 mm)

Audio format

Mono

Original run

30 September 1965 25 December 1966

Chronology

Followed by

Thunderbirds Are Go (1966 film)

Related shows

Thunderbirds 2086 (1982 remake)

Thunderbirds is a British mid-1960s science fiction television show devised by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and made by AP Films using a form of marionette puppetry dubbed "Supermarionation". The series followed the adventures of International Rescue, a secretive organisation created to help those in grave danger using technically advanced equipment and machinery launched from its hidden Tracy Island base. The series focused on the head of the organisation, ex-astronaut Jeff Tracy, and his five sons who piloted the "Thunderbird" machines. Its London agent, Lady Penelope, also featured as a frequent guest-star. Perennially popular, the series has benefited from periodic re-runs since and is still shown today - as well as subsequently inspiring a number of other television programmes and advertisements, theatrical productions, feature films and substantial merchandise.

Contents

1 Origins 2 Plot o 2.1 Uniform 3 Machines 4 Production o 4.1 Voice cast o 4.2 Special effects o 4.3 Music 5 Original broadcast o 5.1 Episode list 6 Thunderbirds films o 6.1 Thunderbirds Are Go o 6.2 Thunderbird 6 o 6.3 Super Space Theater o 6.4 Thunderbirds (2004 live action film) 7 Merchandising o 7.1 Original novels o 7.2 Mini-Albums o 7.3 Video games 8 Home video releases 9 Current broadcast o 9.1 Modernising attempts o 9.2 Possible revival (20052010) o 9.3 New series (2011present) 10 References, parodies and imitations 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links

Origins
Thunderbirds was the fourth Supermarionation children's series made by AP Films (later Century 21 Productions). The logo of Supermarionation had previously been seen in the shows Supercar, Fireball XL5, and Stingray. Anderson came up with the concept for the series after hearing about a German mine disaster in 1963. The heavy equipment needed to rescue the miners was located far awaytransportation time was a major hindrance in ensuring the survival of the miners. The "race against time" element is one of the recurring themes in Thunderbirds. The show's title derived from a letter written to his family by Anderson's older brother, while he was serving in the United States during World War II. In the letter, he referred to an American Air Force base called "Thunderbird Field". The working title, according to the trivia tracks used in Tech TV airings of the episodes, was simply "International Rescue." Many of the crew came directly from APF's previous production Stingray, but for Thunderbirds the crew was expanded, and was shot at A.P. Films' ever growing studio at Stirling Road, Slough, UK. It was APF's first one-hour series. Thunderbirds had been in production for several months when ITC Entertainment boss Lew Grade was shown the completed pilot episode, "Trapped in the Sky", and he was reportedly so excited with the result that he immediately instructed Anderson and his team to expand all the episodes from 25 minutes to 50 minutes. This initially proved to be a headache as nine episodes had already been filmed and scripts for half-a-dozen others had been written. Production commenced in September 1964 and the show premiered on British television on 30 September 1965 in the ATV Midlands region. Other ITV regions followed, including London on 25 December 1965. Two series were produced, comprising 32 50-minute episodes in total. Each episode was also split into two parts for a half-hour slot, creating 64 25-minute episodes.

Plot
The Thunderbirds TV series is supposedly set in the 21st century (which at the time of production was still over thirty years away). The specific time frame remains a contentious topic amongst fans, due to contradictory dates seen on newspapers and calendars in different episodes, ranging from 1964 (clearly impossible) to 2026. As he has stated in a number of interviews (most recently[when?] for Fanderson's "FAB" magazine), Gerry Anderson's brief to the writers and designers was simply that the series was set "one hundred years in the future" (i.e. 2065). This intent was carried forward in all of the series' contemporary tie-in merchandise, such as the weekly comic strip in TV Century 21 and the Century 21 Mini-Album "Thunderbird 3", wherein Alan Tracy tells listeners that the year is 2065. The close-up appearance of a 2026 calendar in the episode "Give or Take a Million" was later admitted by production designer Bob Bell to have been an error on the part of the prop-maker.[citation needed] 1993 vintage champagne is discussed in "Alias Mr. Hackenbacker", although this only suggests that events in that episode took place after 1993. The date was later defined mid 2060s, as in the feature film Thunderbirds Are Go the date is shown to be June 2066, and in Thunderbird 6 it is June 2068. In addition, the Zero X spacecraft from Thunderbirds Are Go subsequently appeared in the opening episode of Anderson's next TV series, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, which was set in 2068.[1]

The show depicts the adventures of the Tracy family, which consists of millionaire former astronaut Jeff Tracy (one of the first men to land on the Moon) and his five sons: Scott (pilot of Thunderbird 1 and principal rescue co-ordinator), Virgil (pilot of Thunderbird 2), Alan (astronaut in Thunderbird 3), Gordon (aquanaut in Thunderbird 4) and John (principal duty astronaut on the space station Thunderbird 5) each named after a Mercury astronaut Scott Carpenter,[2] Virgil Grissom,[3] Alan Shepard,[4] Gordon Cooper[5] and John Glenn,[6] respectively. (Two of the Mercury Seven, Wally Schirra and Deke Slayton, do not have characters named for them. Slayton did not fly as part of the Mercury program due to being grounded from flight status by a heart condition, although he later flew as docking module pilot on ASTP.) Together with Jeff's elderly mother called Grandma Tracy, the scientific genius and engineer "Brains", the family's manservant Kyrano and his daughter Tin-Tin, the Tracy family live on a remote, uncharted island. International Rescue's London agent, international socialite Lady Penelope CreightonWard, and her Cockney butler/chauffeur Aloysius "Nosey" Parker, are often seen chasing The Hood and other villains in the pink, amphibious Rolls-Royce FAB1, which is equipped with James Bond-style gadgets. (Rolls-Royce actually provided an authentic radiator grille to the production company for closeups of FAB-1, such as when the retractable machine gun was fired.) Lady Penelope's yacht is called FAB-2. Although credited as "London-based Agent", Lady Penelope lives in a mansion in Kent, which is actually a miniature copy of real life Stourhead House in Wiltshire. Some of the disasters attended by International Rescue are often the result of accident or misadventure, but on occasion involve deliberate sabotage. A recurring villain, "The Hood" (actually never named in the dialogue, but referred to as such in narration, in the comics, tie-in books and other spin-off media), frequently causes major accidents in order to lure International Rescue's vehicles to the scene and spy on or steal them. Although never credited as such, two characters would have recurring roles in the series, with London Airport controller Commander Norman appearing five times. Fireflash pilot Captain Hanson would appear five times as well, though three of his appearances were part of reused or archive footage. The main characters' appearances were modelled after then-famous actors. Jeff Tracy was modelled after Lorne Greene of Bonanza fame, Alan after Robert Reed, Scott after Sean Connery, and John after both Adam Faith and Charlton Heston. The Thunderbirds' radio code "F-A-B", meaning "message received and understood", did not stand for anything, it was just supposed to sound "hip". In fact, when asked what it stood for, Gerry Anderson once replied, with some bemusement, "Fab," as though it were obvious. Later, due in part to fan-submitted stories, F-A-B came to mean Fully Advised and Briefed, in keeping with P-W-O-R (Proceeding With Orders Received), a similar radio confirmation code in the series Stingray.[7]

Uniform
All the Thunderbird pilots wear a common mid blue uniform consisting of a polo-neck tunic, trousers, boots, and a simplified glengarry cap. Each uniform is accented by a sash uniquely coloured specific to the wearer and bearing the International Rescue

insignia, which carries a sidearm and two pouches, and similarly coloured cuffs to the boots:[8]

Scott pale blue Virgil pale yellow Alan white Gordon orange John lilac

Occasionally other members of the organisation are depicted in similar uniforms:

Brains with a brown, leather-like sash, seen only when he flies the Tiger Moth biplane in the 1968 film Thunderbird 6. Jeff a metallic gold sash, carrying the logo badge for the Dr. Barnardo's children's charity. Never actually seen in the series, this was used in publicity for the 1966 Thunderbirds are Go film,[9] and later reproduced in books and the DVD boxset.[10] Tin-Tin - for her single designated rescue mission aboard Thunderbird 3 in the episode "Sun Probe", and briefly in "The Uninvited", she wore a similar blue uniform with a pale blue belt but no sash.

Machines
Main article: Thunderbirds machines Each episode featured model vehicles and machines primarily designed by special effects director Derek Meddings. In particular, the five Thunderbird craft used by International Rescue were arguably the series' real stars.

Thunderbird 1 Hypersonic variable-sweep wing rocket plane used for fast response, rescue zone reconnaissance, and as a mobile control base. Thunderbird 2 Heavy supersonic VTOL carrier lifting body aircraft used for the transport of major rescue equipment and vehicles, including Thunderbird 4. Thunderbird 3 Reusable, vertically launched SSTO (Single Stage To Orbit) spaceship used for space rescue and maintenance of Thunderbird 5. Thunderbird 4 Small utility submersible for underwater rescue. Thunderbird 5 Earth-orbiting space station which monitors all broadcasts around the globe for calls for help and also manages communications within International Rescue. Thunderbird 6 a 1930s Tiger Moth biplane used once when the usual vehicles proved too heavy for the job, and only appeared in the movie of the same name. The title "Thunderbird 6" is mostly honorary.

Production
Voice cast
The voice cast were all experienced character actors and several were already (or became) regular Anderson performers. David Holliday (the original voice of Virgil in

Series I) was the only American cast in any voice role in the series; all the others were British, Australian or Canadian. Versatile Australian actor Ray Barrett provided the voices of John Tracy and The Hood, as well as many other one-off characters. He had worked for Anderson before, voicing both Commander Shore and Titan in his previous series, Stingray. Thanks to his extensive experience in live radio back in Australia, he was adept at rapid changes from one voice to another and he could also perform both English and American accents convincingly. By the time Thunderbirds began, Barrett was already a minor star on British TV, and after his return to Australia in the Seventies he became one of the nation's senior film and TV actors. Although Sylvia Anderson or Christine Finn usually took responsibility for female guest characters, Barrett made an exception when he voiced the elderly Duchess of Royston in "The Duchess Assignment", to the hilarity of the other cast and crew. Veteran Canadian actor Shane Rimmer (Scott) went on to appear inand occasionally write scripts formany subsequent Anderson productions. Rimmer has an extensive list of prominent TV and movie credits, but he is probably best known for his appearances in several James Bond films, and for his role as Captain G.A. 'Ace' Owens in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove. Rimmer has appeared in many action, thriller and science fiction films, including Star Wars: A New Hope, Superman II and Batman Begins, and is often cast in military or political roles. David Graham, one of Anderson's longest serving voice actors, had previously worked on Four Feather Falls, Supercar, Fireball XL5 and Stingray and was also one of the original voices of the Daleks in Doctor Who in 1963. Graham supplied no fewer than four of the main characters' voices Parker, Gordon Tracy, Brains, and Kyrano. Voice cast

Peter Dyneley ... Jeff Tracy / Commander Norman / various characters Shane Rimmer .... Scott Tracy / various characters Sylvia Anderson .... Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward / various characters David Holliday .... Virgil Tracy (1965) / various characters Jeremy Wilkin .... Virgil Tracy (1966, 1968) / various characters Matt Zimmerman .... Alan Tracy / various characters David Graham .... Gordon Tracy / Brains / Aloysius "Nosey" Parker / Kyrano / Captain Hansen / various characters Ray Barrett .... John Tracy / Alan Tracy- Trapped in the sky / The Hood / various characters Christine Finn .... Tin-Tin Kyrano / Grandma Tracy / various characters John Tate .... various characters Charles Tingwell .... various characters (1966) Paul Maxwell .... various characters (1966)

Paul Maxwell (Fireball XL5), Charles "Bud" Tingwell and John Tate were not credited on-screen in either series, though Maxwell and Tingwell received credits in the first movies. The first film, Thunderbirds Are Go (1966), also featured two early voice-only appearances by popular entertainer Bob Monkhouse.

It has also long been rumoured that the opening "5 4 3 2 1 Thunderbirds Are Go!" voiceover was provided by Brian Cobby who went on for many years to be the voice of the British speaking clock. While Cobby himself has long maintained this and says he has even received repeat-fee royalties from the BBC, the assertion is rejected by the surviving members of the cast and by Gerry Anderson, all of whom are adamant that the voice is that of Peter Dyneley in character as Jeff Tracy. A simple comparison of the opening dialogue with any of Dyneley's dialogue as Jeff Tracy within each episode (especially when he says "Thunderbirds are go") will confirm this to even an untrained ear. The general consensus is that Cobby provided the voice for a Thunderbird 2 talking alarm clock produced in the early 1990s and now has a clouded recollection of events, but the rumour remains in general circulation.

Special effects
The programme was notable for the high quality of its miniature special effects. The effects supervisor on all of Anderson's shows from Supercar to UFO was Derek Meddings, who went on to produce special effects for the James Bond and Superman movies (Meddings won an Oscar for the first Superman film). One of Meddings' most famous and ingenious creations was the so-called "rolling road" and "rolling sky" system. The Thunderbirds storylines called for a large number of scenes showing the Thunderbirds and other aircraft flying through the air, landing or taking off along runways, or motor vehicles travelling along roads. Meddings' team quickly discovered that the old methodpulling or pushing models across a static base or against a static backgroundproduced very unconvincing results. Meddings came up with a novel solution to the problem, which he first used in the premiere episode, "Trapped in the Sky". For the famous crash-landing sequence (which so impressed Lew Grade), the Thunderbirds' remotely operated "elevator cars" had to be shown being manoeuvred into position on the runway beneath the stricken Fireflash aircraft as it came in to land, so that the aircraft could touch down without extending its landing gear, which would have triggered a bomb hidden there by IR's nemesis, The Hood. Meddings' solution was to construct a belt of canvas, stretched over rollers and driven by an electric motor. The miniature elevator cars were then fixed in position by fine wires on this "rolling road". The Fireflash model was suspended from wires above the elevator cars and it could be lowered onto the runway, creating a smooth and remarkably convincing descent effect. A similar roller system, painted with a sky background was built at right angles to the runway, and both roller motors were synchronised to provide a matching speed for both elements. When the lights and cameras were set up in the right position and the rollers were activated, the rolling road system created a very convincing illusion of movement. It also proved extremely helpful for the lighting and camera crews, since the miniature models did not move and were therefore much easier to light and shoot. The 'rolling sky' system proved equally effective for shots of flying aircraft. The illusion was enhanced by blowing smoke across the miniatures with a fan to simulate passing through cloud, and by joining the canvas belt at an angle to hide what would otherwise have been a visible seam. Unlike modern special effects, the model was still actually in front of the backdropat the time, this produced a more convincing (and far cheaper) effect than bluescreen technology. The 'rolling road' system was later used on several James Bond movies.

The team also quickly mastered the art of creating extremely convincing miniature explosions using materials including petroleum and fuller's earth. These were filmed at high speed, and when slowed down to normal speed they produced spectacular results. The team also became expert at creating a convincing illusion for rocket take-offs and landings. After an exhaustive search, they found a British firm that could make special thrustless solid-fuelled rocket canisters in different sizes, which burned for about ten seconds and which could be fitted inside the various miniatures to provide convincing rocket exhaust effects. The show was praised for the exceptional quality of its miniature vehicles and sets. Some of the main Thunderbird vehicles were built by a professional model-making firm, but many others were custom-made by Meddings and his team from commercial radio-controlled motorised vehicle kits. Joining Meddings' team was Michael Trim, who became Medding's assistant to help design the fantastic craft and buildings of Thunderbirds. Meddings and Trim also pioneered the technique of 'customising' models and miniature vehicles by applying pieces taken from commercial model kits, to add convincing surface detail. For example the giant air conditioning silos on either side of Thunderbird 1 in the launch bay beneath the swimming pool were actually a 1960s periscope toy manufactured by Merit. The Thunderbirds miniatures were also 'aged' with paint and dust to create the convincing illusion that they were real, well-used vehicles. These techniques became standard practice in the special effects trade and were used to great effect in the building of the miniature spaceships and other vehicles for the first three Star Wars films. Many of the effects team including Meddings and Brian Johnson became respected specialists in the film industry. Impressed by their work on the TV series, director Stanley Kubrick poached several of the Anderson effects team to work on his science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Music
A crucial element of the show's success was its thrilling music score, composed and conducted by Barry Gray, who provided all the music for the Anderson series up to and including Space: 1999 series one. His instantly recognisable "Thunderbirds March" is one of the best-known of all TV themes and has become a perennial favourite with brass and military bands around the world. Gray's original master recordings for the Anderson series were rediscovered in a storage facility in Chelsea, London in 1993 but then lost again a few years later after being returned to (then) copyright owners Carlton Media International. They were subsequently located and used as the basis of two soundtrack albums issued by Silva Screen in 2003 and 2004. (A third album, featuring tracks from the other two plus some previously unreleased material, emerged in 2005.) The "Thunderbirds March" and the "54321" countdown from the top of the show, were adopted by the British band Level 42 for its live shows, as captured in the video release of its 1987 performance at Wembley Stadium in London. An updated version, blended with the opening fanfare to the band's own hit "Heaven In My Hands," kicks off L42's concert gigs to this day. Similarly, the "54321" countdown has been used by the Beastie Boys for its subsequent live shows; one instance of this is the Live Earth concert in London in 2007. British heavy-rock band thunder also used the Thunderbirds

countdown intro in opening their 1990 performance at the 1990 Donnington open air rock festival. Also in 1990, television producer Gary Shoefield released an album of remixes entitled Power Themes 90 under the name "F.A.B.," which featured techno remixes of the themes to many British shows, many of them having been initially created by Gerry Anderson. Among these was Thunderbirds, whose theme was remixed under the name "Thunderbirds Are Go! (The Pressure Mix)" and being billed as "featuring MC Parker." The theme reached number 5 in the British charts. To accompany this, a music video compilation also entitled Power Themes 90 was released, and "Thunderbirds Are Go! (The Pressure Mix)" was listed, featuring footage from episodes of the series interspersed with newly-filmed shots of the original Parker puppet dressed in "era" clothing and acting as a DJ (hence the name "MC Parker"). Barry Gray composed a theme song with lyrics, performed by Gary Miller, for the series that was never used. The song, which had been intended to feature on the closing titles, was scrapped in favour of the Thunderbirds March just weeks before broadcast. However, the song was used in a slightly modified form (Flying High) in the closing scenes of the episode, "Ricochet".

Original broadcast
A total of 32 episodes of Thunderbirds were made for the British production company ITC Entertainment, and first broadcast on ITV. The title card for the first series carries a copyright date of 1964, as this was the year the pilot episode, "Trapped in the Sky" was produced; the remaining episodes were made in 1965, with production of the second series following in 1966. Thunderbirds ceased production very suddenly in the autumn of that year, six episodes into the second series. This was a decision made by Lew Grade after an unsuccessful trip to the U.S. to sell the programme. According to published reports of the incident, the three major television networks CBS, NBC, and ABC were all bidding on the series, and Grade felt he could play them against each other to gain a higher price. Unfortunately, when one dropped out, the others immediately followed. Although it was a genuine hit by that time, Grade still felt that the programme was too expensive to continue without the US market. The programme was instead shown in the US in television syndication with reasonable success.

Episode list
Main article: List of Thunderbirds episodes

Thunderbirds films
The popularity of the series led to the production of two full length feature films, with financial backing by United Artists. During the early 1980s, several Thunderbirds episodes were combined to create three Thunderbirds television films. In 2004, a live action adaptation of the series was released, almost 40 years after the original series first aired.

Thunderbirds Are Go
Main article: Thunderbirds Are Go

Thunderbird 6
Main article: Thunderbird 6

Super Space Theater

In 1981, many of Gerry Anderson's series were re-edited into TV movies in North America. These were aired on TV under the series title Super Space Theater. Among these was Thunderbirds, with three TV films airing on American television in 1981. They were heavily edited, with new title and credit sequences, some scenes being removed for length and the insertion of extra incidental music throughout. These have not been seen on TV since, although they have been released on home video. The rights issues of these releases also prevented the episodes being released in their original form on VHS video until the 1990s.

Countdown to Disaster (featuring the episodes "Terror in New York City" and "Atlantic Inferno") Thunderbirds in Outer Space (featuring the episodes "Sun Probe" and "Ricochet") Thunderbirds to the Rescue (featuring the episodes "Trapped in the Sky" and "Operation Crash-Dive")

Thunderbirds (2004 live action film)

Main article: Thunderbirds (film) A live action feature film, also called Thunderbirds, and directed by Jonathan Frakes premiered on 24 July 2004. All the Thunderbird craft seen in the live action film were based upon the original designs, but with modern refinements, although a modified Ford Thunderbird was used as FAB1 due to BMW, owners of the Rolls-Royce marque, refusing to give permission for its use in the film. The live-action film had been planned as far back as the early 1990s, with the Baldwin brothers as four of the Tracy brothers and Anthony Edwards as Brains.[citation needed] The plot sidelined the main series characters in favour of Alan, Tin-Tin, and a new character, Brains' son Fermat, who have to rescue the adults from the evil Hood. Coincidentally, both plots of the Supermarionation films Thunderbirds Are Go (1966) and Thunderbird 6 (1968) also focused on Alan, the youngest Tracy brother. The 2004 film was poorly received, by critics, fans of the TV series and at the box office, with the film opening in 11th place in North America. A North American DVD was released in late 2004. Although his ex-wife and series co-creator Sylvia vocally endorsed the film and attended the London premiere, Gerry Anderson denounced the film as "the biggest load of crap I have ever seen in my life."[11]

Merchandising

Konami FAB1 Like other Gerry Anderson productions, having vehicles as the effective 'stars' of the show made it intrinsically 'toyetic Coming off the back of 'Beatlemania and toyetic'. Beatlemania' 'Dalekmania', the success of Thunderbirds generated accompanying merchandise that ', was quite unprecedented in both of range of product and diversity of its subject. Almost n no form of toy, publication or food product marketed at children (peculiarly girls and boys alike) escaped a Thunderbirds related tie in at some point in the 60s (or since). tie-in One example, the Fab ice lolly, has been produced continuously for the UK market from 1967 to this day. Several companies, including Matchbox and Dinky were licensed to produce die-cast metal and plastic toys based on the Thunderbird vehicles. They proved hugely popular Thunderbird and were one of the best selling merchandising lines of the decade. Original Thunderbirds toys are now expensive and highly sought after collectors' items. Japanese kit forms of Thunderbirds vehicles continued to be produced into the 1980s. continued Toy company Bandai produced toys to coincide with the release of the 2004 live action movie in the UK. As of 2007, Japanese companies such as Aoshima, Konami and Takara were still producing new Thunderbirds toys based on the original series vehicles, including Takara's very expensive Thunderbird 2 model with lights and 's working motorised legs, which lift the fuselage, exposing the cargo pod. To coincide with a BBC2 revival of the TV series in the 90s, Matchbox manufactured a new range of toys, though they were generally marketed outside the US and in Canada. It included a Tracy Island model playset that became the UK's most sought sought-after toy, leading to a widespread shortage during the run run-up to Christmas in 1992. It became headline news and the archetypal example of the mistake to be avoided by the whole toy industry every Christmas since. Such was the demand that the BBC children's television show Blue Peter instructed viewers on creating their own version from household materials. Remarkably, the free "fact sheet" that detailed this process also became so sought-after that it too became difficult to obtain.[citation needed] Further Matchbox toys after accompanied the new movie. In 2011, the British Royal Mail launched a commemorative Gerry Anderson stamp nched series, including Thunderbirds 2 and 5 and a hologrammed set of stamps displaying Thunderbirds 1, 2, 3 and 4 by tilting each of the four stamps back and forth.[12]

Original novels
A number of novels were published based upon the television series, most during 1966:

Thunderbirds, John Theydon (pseudonym for John W. Jennison), 1966 Calling Thunderbirds, Theydon, 1966 Ring of Fire, Theydon, 1966 Thunderbirds Are Go, Angus P. Allan, 1966 (film novelisation) Operation Asteroids, John W. Jennison, 1966 Lost World, Jennison, 1966

In 1992 Corgi Books published four episode novelisations for children based upon the teleplays "The Uninvited", "Brink of Disaster", "Sun Probe", and "Atlantic Inferno". The character of Lady Penelope was also featured in her own series of novels:

A Gallery of Thieves, Kevin McGarry, 1966 Cool for Danger, McGarry, 1966 The Albanian Affair, John Theydon, 1967

In 2008, FTL Publications began a new series of Thunderbirds novels based on the original series, written by Joan Marie Verba, with art by noted Thunderbirds fan favourite Steve Kyte. This is the first license granted to a publisher in the United States for Thunderbirds books and are the first new official series of novels written since 1967. Countdown To Action, published in June 2008, encapsulates the formation of International Rescue, exploring the creation of the team and its fabulous equipment. The books to follow will highlight the individual Tracy brothers, with the first of those being focused upon eldest brother Scott, in the second novel, Action Alert.

Mini-Albums
Century 21 subsidiary company, Century 21 Records, produced nineteen related 7-inch EP Thunderbird records. Sixteen of those were edited television episodes condensed down to thirty minutes, featuring a member of the original cast narrating in the voice of their character. The three remaining records were entirely new Thunderbird stories that also featured the original voice cast. Actors Peter Dyneley, David Graham and Sylvia Anderson appear in all three, with Ray Barrett appearing in two and Shane Rimmer appearing in one. With demand from comic scriptwriters to feature more of Lady Penelope and Parker, F.A.B and Stately Home Robberies focus more on them rather than the Tracy Brothers.

MA 103 - Introducing Thunderbirds MA 107 - F.A.B. MA 108 - Thunderbird 1 (Trapped in the Sky) MA 109 - Thunderbird 2 (End of the Road) MA 110 - The Stately Homes Robberies MA 112 - Thunderbird 3 (Sunprobe) MA 113 - Thunderbird 4 (Atlantic Inferno) MA 114 - The Perils Of Penelope MA 118 - Vault Of Death MA 119 - Desperate Intruder MA 120 - The Impostors MA 121 - Day Of Disaster MA 122 - The Cham Cham

MA 123 - Alias Mr Hackenbacker MA 124 - Brink Of Disaster MA 125 - Atlantic Inferno MA 126 - Ricochet MA 128 - Move And You're Dead MA 129 - Thirty Minutes After Noon

Video games
1985, a Thunderbirds game was released for the Commodore 64. The player had to explore an Egyptian-styled labyrinth using Thunderbird 1 and Thunderbird 2. 1989, a Thunderbirds video game was released by Grandslam Entertainment for the Commodore Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MSX and ZX Spectrum.[13] 1990, Activision released a NES version.[14] 1993, a Super Famicom version, with subtitle: Kokusou Kyuujotai Shutsudou Seyo! was released only in Japan. 2000, SCi Games published a Game Boy Color version.[15] 2001, SCi further released a collection of Microsoft Windows themes and screen savers called F.A.B Action Pack[16] and and Game Boy Advance game called Thunderbirds: International Rescue.[17] 2004, Another Game Boy Advance game was released by Vivendi Universal Games[18] 2007, A Thunderbirds video game was released in Europe for the PlayStation 2 on 6 July 2007.[19] North American release was cancelled.[20]

Home video releases

A&E Home Video has released all of the Thunderbirds episodes on DVD in Region 1. Individual sets were issued in 2001, each one being two-disc and featuring six episodes (except for the final volume, which only has three episodes and features bonus material on its second disc[21]). These discs were combined for a "complete series" box set in 2002.[22] In 2004, the movies Thunderbirds Are Go and Thunderbird 6 were released on DVD, both individually and together in an "International Rescue Collection" that featured both movies.[23] A new box set of the series, featuring slim-pack cases, was released in early 2008.[24] More recently[when?], the series has been released in Region 2 territories on Blu-ray, but this release has come under fire for cropping the episodes into a 16:9 aspect ratio, so as to better fit widescreen television sets (all other releases of the series have been in a more traditional 4:3 aspect ratio which is truer to how the episodes originally aired, though even the 4:3 releases are cropped slightly[25]). However, the Region 2 Blu-ray release of the series is region-free and will work on any Blu-ray machine.

Current broadcast
Today, the series is frequent repeated on BBC Two in the UK and RT Two in frequently Ireland (when the series was broadcast on BBC Two in 1991 92, this was actually the 199192, first nationwide screening, since British television was much more heavily regionalised in the 1960s until the late 1990s, and was only broadcast in certain ITV regions often in regions, their own individual timeslot / day). ITV regions also repeated the series in the 1980s. Thunderbirds is also quite popular in Japan, where it was first broadcast in 1966 by NHK. For approximately three years (2000 imately (20002003) the satellite channel Boomerang UK broadcast uncut episodes daily, meaning that the complete run of 32 episodes was screened about 34 times. Thunderbirds was also syndicated on the now defunct US cable television network TechTV from 5 August 2002 through 20 June 2004. The Tech TV broadcast, however, split episodes into 30 minute portions, and were filled with on 30-minute onscreen "pop up trivia" and arrows pointing at spots on the screen. In Australia, the Channel 9 Network screened the series many times over from the 1970s until as from recently as 2007 during the Saturday morning timeslot, and on weekdays during school holiday periods. Thunderbirds is currently airing on Channel 9's second digital television station GO! on Saturday mornings. The original (uncut) series was also re series rebroadcast several times on the Australasian Foxtel cable network in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The Australasian Foxtel cable network now plays Thunderbirds on the new Sci-Fi Network on weekdays. It is currently shown in the US in High Definition on Family Room, one of the VOOM television networks.

Modernising attempts

The "Hack Masters" from the short short-lived Turbocharged Thunderbirds. During the 1980s, there was a Japanese anime series, Scientific Rescue Team TechnoVoyager, which was released in English as Thunderbirds 2086, rewritten to be , , based on the Thunderbirds, with a more technologically intense feel. International feel. Rescue was based in a large arcology on a Pacific island. This series was non non-canon. Fox Kids reran episodes of Thunderbirds for several years in the early-1990s, albeit 1990s, with sections heavily edited to a half hour running time, mitigated by the fact this was half-hour the original intended run time for the initial episodes before ITV head, Lew Grade insisted on having them extended to an hour in length. This reedit included several of the characters being re-dubbed, in part to eliminate the Asian stereotypes of the original dubbed, series (and even a new introduction).[citation needed] The network released several of these episodes on home video at the same time. t

Starting in 1994, the original series was syndicated in an almost completely different format under the title Turbocharged Thunderbirds. The show kept the re-dubs of the Fox Kids' series and added in newly-filmed footage of two Californian teenagers, "Roxette" (played by Johna Stewart) and "Tripp" (played by Travis Wester), nicknamed the "Hack Masters" from inside a huge model set of Thunderbird 5, renamed "Hacker Command." It was also now suggested that the events of the 19651966 series took place on a planet entitled "Thunder-World." The show was pulled from the airwaves in 1995.[26] In 2000, the series was remastered with Dolby Surround sound for DVD release. To take advantage of the 5.1 audio, the new sound mix included (somewhat controversially) additional contemporary sound effects and foley (mostly explosions, aircraft noise, and various mechanical noises) overlaid over the original track at appropriate points. Gerry Anderson, who had not received any royalties on the show since signing away the rights in the late 1960s, was employed as a "remastering consultant". The DVDs were released in the UK, US and Australia in 2002. The series has also been released on Blu-ray Disc; this edition has been panned and scanned vertically into 16:9 format, which has aroused some negative comments on Amazon and elsewhere.

Possible revival (20052010)

In September 2005, a QuickTime video file titled Thunderbirds IR was released on several P2P networks.[27] It opens with music by Barry Gray and a few clips of the classic Thunderbirds 1 through 4 launching, then shows several scenes from an intended new Thunderbirds series from Carlton Television. The trailer made with a combination of computer-generated imagery and puppetry depicts scenes including internal sets, external settings, and a sleekly-redesigned Thunderbird 1, Scott Tracy, The Hood, and the rescue of a falling lighthousekeeper. Scott Tracy is seen to walk, and perform a backflip (making the tongue-in-cheek remark "Look, no strings!"). The trailer stated that a new Thunderbirds series would be coming in 2005 from Carlton Television and displays a phone number. The series was developed by Carlton with David Freedman as executive producer and David Mercer who was heading the Children's Department at Carlton at the time. Greg Johnson and Bob Forward were lead writers and Asylum did all the set builds and puppet work. Tim Field was line producer. Dave Throssel and a small team from The Mill TV Dept did the CG work. Steve Clarke directed the short. Gerry Anderson met the Carlton team in the early days of development and gave his full blessing. However, when Granada and Carlton merged, the series was shelved until further notice.[28] On 29 August 2008 it was announced by The Sun newspaper that Gerry Anderson is planning a new computer generated series of Thunderbirds (after having produced a CGI reimagining of Captain Scarlet. Anderson was in talks with ITV for the rights to the original series.[29] While Anderson believes a new series will eventually be made with his involvement, on that occasion ITV refused to return the rights.[30] Eleven months later in July 2009 Anderson revealed that ITV were still refusing to return the rights to allow the creation of a new series.[31][32]

New series (2011present) present)

On 11 January 2011, a new series of Thunderbirds was announced by Gerry when he was interviewed on BBC Radio Five Live's Drivetime programme. He stated he was unable to say much as he had signed a non non-disclosure agreement, but that the show was ure definitely being made. It will be in CGI, as opposed to puppetry, and because of Anderson's involvement as opposed to that of outside filmmakers. It would feature new locations but retain the Thunderbirds craft and characters, though it would be totally characters, modernised. In the Sun newspaper of Saturday 15 Jan, Gerry said that he had not yet written the first episode, but had 'fleshed it out' in his head.[33]

References, parodies and imitations

In Not Only... But Also a highly popular 1960s BBC British television comedy series starring Peter Cook and Dudley Moore a sketch called "Superthunderstingcar" was performed (which was a parody of Thunderbirds and other Sylvia and Gerry Anderson puppet shows such as Supercar and Stingray) In the 1981 episode of The Young Ones, Jersey Balowsky greeted Mike with "Hello my Ones, little Thunderbird puppet? Thunderbirds are go". He then mocked a marionette puppet walking whilst saying, "Come on, let's twist again, like we did last summer, yeah yeah yeah! Let's twist again, like we didn't do in Moscow 'caus I've never been there. I am English person"

1989 production of Thunderbirds FAB at the Apollo Theatre In 1984 mime artists Andrew Dawson and Gavin Robertson (co founders of and (co-founders performers in The Mime Theatre Project) devised and presented a hit mime stage show called Thunderbirds FAB at the Apollo Theatre in London. The show was very popular

and was still occasionally being revived for the next 20 years (possibly longer). The show also featured Captain Scarlet. From a 2001 tour flyer, Andrew Dawson is quoted as saying "Every time Thunderbirds returns [to UK TV] people call us up and ask us if we are still doing the show. We try to recreate everything that everyone loves about Thunderbirds in a live show the noises, the funny puppet walk. Anyone who has ever seen Thunderbirds and there can't be many people who haven't will enjoy the show" The pilot program for the 1980s Australian TV sketch comedy show The D-Generation featured a Thunderbirds sketch with live actors pretending to be on strings ala marionettes. This sketch was performed multiple times throughout the series with different storylines, including "Thunderbirds Pizza" where the crew operate an international pizza delivery business. In the late 1980s Exchange and Mart made a Thunderbirds advert featuring the guys from 'The Mime Theatre Project'. A life size marionette of Scott tries to sell a futuristic car with the number plate 'FAB 2'. The human protagonist has read 'Exchange and Mart', and is well informed about car prices, and haggles Scott's price down until it's reasonable. They then shake hands and the human walks off in the 'Thunderbirds puppet mime style'. In 1990, Swinton Car Insurance made a Thunderbirds advert called Parker's Day Off, where Lady Penelope drives recklessly in FAB1 before Parker comes to her rescue in Thunderbird 2. In 1991, Gerry Anderson directed the video for the Dire Straits single Calling Elvis, which features a mix of new footage of Thunderbirds puppets and old material from the 1960s. In 1994, the second series of the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous series (episode "Hospital") featured the marionette of Lady Penelope in a dream sequence, when Edina undergoes surgery. Lady Penelope informs Edina that she was dying but that Brains (another character from the series) was working on a formula to save her life. In 1993, the Kit Kat chocolate bar company made a Thunderbirds-themed advertisement. It features the original 54321 countdown (re-recorded by a new voice actor) and all ships taking off, except Thunderbird 1. Scott, who pilots the ship, is seen relaxing and "[Having] a break", as the commercial encourages. Meanwhile, a frantic Jeff Tracy tries to coerce Scott into launching the ship: "Thunderbirds! GO!" In 1995, The Wallace and Gromit film A Close Shave by Aardman Animations includes an homage to the series. When Wallace receives a call for window-cleaning services, his method of getting to his motorbike and out onto the road is very similar indeed to the method used by Virgil Tracy to enter Thunderbird 2 and take off. In 1998, MTV aired the adult-situation parody Super Adventure Team. In 2001, the DVLA used Thunderbirds in one of their commercials reminding people to pay their road tax where Lady Penelope cuts Parker's strings for accidentally allowing FAB1 to be clamped.

In 2001 'Travelcare' had advert with the tag line 'We'll tell you what the brochures wont'. In the advert 2 girls are on an idyllic holiday. They slip into the pool on a beautiful day. Sudenly they get slapped by a wave, as the pool begins to slide sideways. It is revealed that they are in the Tracy Island pool as Thunderbird 1 begins to blast off,and the girls run for their lives to avoid being burned by the rocket exhaust. 2002-2003's comic, Global Frequency by Warren Ellis is inspired by Thunderbirds;[34] In 2003, the Orbitz airline company aired a series of commercials with Supermarionation puppets, not unlike those used on Thunderbirds. The commercials even continued the practice of using real human hands in close-up shots. In 2004, South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker produced the full length feature film Team America: World Police (2004). Team America's marionette humour drew heavily for its inspiration on the quirks and foibles of Gerry Anderson's Supermarionation techniques, whilst managing the significant task of paying respect to the original. Stone and Parker have stated whilst they were not particularly fans of the show, having grown up after its heyday, they nonetheless expressed admiration for the visual style and puppetry: "whats made it last is the time and care that the people who did that show put into the marionettes".[35] In 2005, the 10th anniversary special of the BBC sitcom The Vicar of Dibley featured a drunk Geraldine lapsing into the opening countdown while drunk in the pulpit, then shouting "Thunderbirds are GO!" as part of her homily. Australian band TISM released a single called "Thunderbirds Are Coming Out". The lyrics with a troubled teenager who rebels against his (or her) parents and "sit[s] for hours all alone, without an opinion to call my own". Eventually the teenager sees The Thunderbirds on television and is impressed. The teen is inspired by their appearance, stating "there's less to them than meets the eye" and from there joins various social cliques and adheres to norms of teenage life in a sense giving up individuality, but yet transcending to the next level of teenage life. The episode "Reverse Explosion" of the 2006 anime series 009-1 features the crash of a spacecraft resembling Thunderbird 5. The series also includes cameos of craft from other Gerry Anderson series including a helijet, an Eagle Transporter and a SHADO Interceptor. In 2008, UK retailer Specsavers released an advertisement utilising Virgil Tracy and The Hood to promote their Reaction lenses. It was produced by Tandem Films in London using the same production techniques used by the original series. The video was published on the official Specsavers YouTube web site and screened on commercial TV networks in the UK. The mini adventure sees Virgil pursued by his archenemy, the villainous Hood, through snow-capped mountains. Virgil comes out of a tunnel into the glare of the sun and his Specsavers lenses immediately darken to protect his vision. The Hood is not so lucky and, blinded by the bright light, he crashes into a mountain. The chase is over and Virgil escapes again, thanks to modern technology, and to the relief of his father, Jeff.

Another recent advert, released by Britvic to advertise their line of 'Drench' water, features Brains dancing to the 90s' hit "Rhythm Is a Dancer". Halfway through, he takes a seat and drinks some Drench before resuming the dance. The advert ends with the slogan "Brains perform best when they're hydrated". The official Stay Drenched website featured a making of video which revealed Brains' moves were a combination of live action puppeteering, motion capture and CGI. In the last episode of the Channel 4 sitcom Spaced, Mike convinces Brian to help him convince Marsha not to sell the house by playing a cassette tape with the Thunderbirds theme. UK train operator Virgin Trains employs a set of 16 class 57/3 diesel locomotives primarily for 'rescue' duties, towing its electric Pendolino trains in the event of breakdowns or unexpected detours to non-electrified lines. All 16 are named after Thunderbirds characters or machines. A scale model of Thunderbird 3 is currently on display at Humberside Airport near Grimsby in the UK. The ongoing Star Wars: The Clone Wars series took inspiration from Thunderbirds when creating the stylised looks of its characters.[36] In 2010, the Coca-Cola Company made an advertisement for Diet Coke depicting female workers as supermarionation puppets. The ad is dubbed "If you love it light".[37]

See also

International Rescue Corps, an organisation inspired by the show's premise. Thunderbirds 2086 a Japanese anime sequel series which aired in 1982.

Notes
1. ^ Evidence of both sides in this date debate http://www.tracyislandchronicles.com/lab/foundry/datedebate/datedebate.html (Retrieved 1 January 2011) ^ Marriot, p.18 ^ Marriot, p.20 ^ Mariott, p.23 ^ Marriot, p.22 ^ Mariott, p.21 ^ (Retrieved 1 January 2011) ^ Marriot, p. 81 ^ FABmail in FAB issue #65, March 2010 ^ Marriot, p.16 ^ Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (7 February 2009). "Gerry Anderson auctions Thunderbirds treasures". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/feb/07/gerry-andersonthunderbirds-auction. Retrieved 25 May 2010. ^ "Slough children launch Thunderbirds anniversary stamps". BBC News. 10 January 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/berkshire/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9354000/9 354777.stm. Retrieved 3 February 2011. ^ http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds_ Thunderbirds game from Grandslam Entertainment.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

12.

13.

14. ^ "Thunderbirds for NES (1990)". MobyGames. http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds__. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 15. ^ "Thunderbirds for Game Boy Color (2000)". MobyGames. http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds___. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 16. ^ "Thunderbirds: F.A.B. Action Pack for Windows (2001)". MobyGames. http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds-fab-action-pack. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 17. ^ "Thunderbirds: International Rescue for Game Boy Advance (2001)". MobyGames. 2006-1122. http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds-international-rescue. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 18. ^ "Thunderbirds for Game Boy Advance (2004)". MobyGames. http://www.mobygames.com/game/thunderbirds. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 19. ^ "Thunderbirds for PS2". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/thunderbirds/index.html. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 20. ^ "IGN: Thunderbirds". Ps2.ign.com. http://ps2.ign.com/objects/015/015363.html. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 21. ^ "Thunderbirds Set 1: Peter Dyneley, Shane Rimmer, David Graham, Ray Barrett, Christine Finn, Matt Zimmerman, David Holliday, Sylvia Anderson, John Tate, Jeremy Wilkin, Charles 'Bud' Tingwell, John Read, Gerry Anderson: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000524FJ. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 22. ^ "Thunderbirds Megaset (Complete 12 Volume Set): Peter Dyneley, Shane". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000068M9Q. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 23. ^ "Thunderbirds International Rescue Edition 2-Pack Gift Set (Thunderbirds Are Go / Thunderbird 6): Peter". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00022PZ56. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 24. ^ "Thunderbirds 40th Anniversary Collector's Edition Megaset: Gerry Anderson: Movies &". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000P6R5T8. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 25. ^ "Thunderbirds Complete Series 6 Disc Blu-ray Set: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001C4QLA6. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 26. ^ ""Thunderbirds" (1965) Alternate versions". The Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057790/alternateversions. Retrieved 15 May 2010. 27. ^ [1][dead link] 28. ^ David Freedman (19 June 2005). "Thunderbirds Are Still Not Go.". Blogspot. Archived from the original on 4 June 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060604041534/http://davidmaxfreedman.typepad.com/slingshot/2 005/06/thunderbirds_ar.html. Retrieved 27 November 2006. 29. ^ Collin Robertson, "Thunderbirds are back!" in The Sun, 29 August 2008 30. ^ "Talking Shop: Gerry Anderson". BBC News Online. 7 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7655589.stm. Retrieved 7 October 2008. 31. ^ Jane Fryer (11 July 2009). "TV bosses? Total idiots. Lady Penelope? Don't get me started. Outspoken Thunderbirds genius Gerry Anderson and the TV comeback that may not happen | Mail Online". The Daily Mail. London. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1198932/TVbosses-Total-idiots-Lady-Penelope-Dont-started-Outspoken-Thunderbirds-genius-GerryAnderson-TV-comeback-happen.html. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 32. ^ Saturday, 11 July 2009, 12:51 BST (11 July 2009). "TV News 'Thunderbirds' creator blasts ITV". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/a164624/thunderbirds-creator-blasts-itv.html. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 33. ^ "fanderson club". Fanderson.org.uk. 2011-01-11. http://www.fanderson.org.uk/news/newseriesofthunderbirds.html. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 34. ^ "Random Head Processing Of The Day". Warren Ellis. 28 April 2009. http://www.warrenellis.com/?p=7252. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 35. ^ "Trey Parker and Matt Stone talk Team America: World Police". Movieweb. 4 October 2004. http://www.movieweb.com/news/06/5406.php. Retrieved 19 January 2008. 36. ^ "George Lucas Talks Clone Wars BC Beat | Blog on Broadcasting & Cable". Broadcastingcable.com. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/blog/BC_Beat/10161George_Lucas_Talks_Clone_Wars_.php. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 37. ^ [2][dead link]

References

Bentley, Chris (2005). The Complete Book of Thunderbirds. London: Carlton. ISBN 1-84442-454-5. Marriot, John; Anderson, Gerry (foreword) (1992). Thunderbirds ARE GO!. London: Boxtree. ISBN 1-85283-164-2.

External links

Thunderbirds at the Internet Movie Database Thunderbirds (TV series) at the BFI's Screenonline Carlton TV's Thunderbirds Online site Archived August 31, 2006 at the Wayback Machine Thunderbirds at bbc.co.uk Interview with Sylvia Anderson Life sized replica of original FAB1 Car Article on the making of the Thunderbirds Specsavers advertisement Specsavers 2008 Thunderbirds advertisement