1

1,000

1.

3-4




1 3

Velvet bean

,
Mucuna pruriens DC.
LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE

3
4-7

proteolytic enzyme macanain

6

3-4

Dendrocnide basirotunda (Wu) Chew

URTICACEAE
10

3-4
Devil nettle, Fever nettle, Mouse nettle
7

Dendrocnide sinuata (Miq.) Chew

URTICACEAE
8

3-4

Himalayan nettle

, ,

, ,
Girardinia diversifolia (Link.) Friis
URTICACEAE
1

histamine,
acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, formic acetic acid

chlorpheniramine 4 . 1 6 .
Hawaii woodnettle

Laportea interrupta (L.)

Chew
URTICACEAE
15-40



histamine, acetylcholine, formic acid, 5-hydroxy tryptamine, acetic acid



1.


2.
3-4


9

 Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Wedd.

URTICACEAE

1




histamine, acetylcholine, formic acid, 5-hydroxy tryptamine, acetic acid



1.


2.
3-4
Elephant tree nettle, Malay tree nettle

Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f.) Chew
URTICACEAE
5

10

 1.

2.
3-4

Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zoll. & Joritzi) Benth.
LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE
10
3

1.


2.
3-4



Spatholobus parviflorus (Roxb. ex DC.) Kuntze
LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE

20 3
11


6-10 . 9-14 .

1.


2.
3-4


Gluta renghas L.
ANACARDIACEAE
20

1.


2.
3-4
Vanish tree, Red zebra wood

12

Gluta usitata (Wall.) Ding Hou
ANACARDIACEAE
20 ,



5

1.


2.
3-4


Acalypha indica L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
30 .


3-4



1.


13


3-4
2.

Durien tree

Neesia altissima (Blume) Blume
BOMBACACEAE
30

5
5

1.


2.
3-4
Durien tree

Neesia malayana Bakh.

BOMBACACEAE

40
30



14

1.


2.
3-4

Malayan spurge tree, Triangular spurge

Euphorbia antiquorum L.
EUPHORBIACEAE

3-6

phorbol derivative diterpene ester




1.

2.

3.

15

4.

Indian tree spurge,

Milkbush

,
,
Euphorbia
tirucalli L.
EUPHORBIACEAE

2-6



histamine,
acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, formic acetic acid
diterpene ester

: 1.

2.

3.

4.
Angola Pea, Congo Pea

Sudha

Euphorbia nerifolia L.
EUPHORBIACEAE

4.5-6
5

16

 5-8 . 15-30 .

(cyathium)
3

phorbol derivative diterpene ester




1.

2.

3.

4.
Crown of Thorns, Corona de Sespina

, ,
, ,
Euphorbia milii Des Moul.
EUPHORBIACEAE




17

phorbol derivative diterpene ester

1.

2.

3.

4.

African milk tree

Euphorbia trigona
Mill.
EUPHORBIACEAE
2-5


phorbol derivative diterpene ester




1.

2.

18

3.

4.

Poinsettia, Christmasflower, Painted leaf, Lobster Plant

Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch.
EUPHORBIACEAE



10-15 20-30





resin diterpene ester



2-8

activated charcoal

Garden spurge

19

 Euphorbia hirta L.
EUPHORBIACEAE

15-40


0.25-2.5
1-4


1

1.5 3
resin diterpene ester

2-8

activated charcoal

Slipper flower

, ,
, , , , ,

Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit.

EUPHORBIACEAE
40-100

20


2.5-5 3.5-7


2-7 2



3-20 1-2.5

5
2 3

1 2-4

phorbol derivative diterpene ester




1.

2.

3.

4.

Excoecaria agallocha L.
21

 EUPHORBIACEAE
15

10

3 3

2-8

activated charcoal

Excoecaria cochinchinenesis Lour. var. cochinchinenesis

EUPHORBIACEAE
1-2


3





22


Exocoecaria bantamensis Mll. Arg.
EUPHORBIACEAE
15





3
3

Excoecaria laotica (Gagnep.) Esser

EUPHORBIACEAE
2



3

Excoecaria oppositifolia Griff.
EUPHORBIACEAE
13


23

3 3



Crown flower, Giant indian milkweed, Gigantic swallow-wort

, , ,
, ,
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryander ex W. T. Aiton
ASCREPIADACEAE
150 .

4-15
5

cardiac glycosides calotropin

calotropin

ventricular fibrillation cardiac
arrhythmia CNS depression

24

hydrocortisone 1-2.5 %, prednisolone 5 %

triamcinolone acetonide 0.025-0.1% 1-2
prednisolone
1 -
6-12
15

ipecac
activated charcoal potassium magnesium serum

(transvenous cardiac pacing) epinephrine
ventricular fibrillation
Sea mango

Cerbera manghas L.
APOCYNACEAE
5-15



5

Thevetin B, Cerberin

25


Cerberin

Thevetin B

(kernel)

calamine lotion
3-4

1 3

activated charcoal
(EKG)
Ventricular tachycardia
potassium chloride (KCl) 5 - 10 g K+ 80 mEq/L
epinephrine
venticular fibrillation
Odollum tree, Suicide tree

26

 Cerbera odollum Gaertn.

APOCYNACEAE

5-15


5

Thevetin B, Cerberin
Thevetin B

Cerberin
(kernel)

calamine lotion
3-4

1 3

27

activated charcoal
(EKG)
Ventricular tachycardia
potassium chloride (KCl) 5 - 10 g K+ 80 mEq/L
epinephrine
venticular fibrillation
Brush wood

Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz

APOCYNACEAE

Stroephanthus gratus Franch.
APOCYNACEAE
28

Jackfruit tree

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
MORACEAE
15-30

5-8 10-15



""

29

 1.

2.
3-4

Ficus hispida L.f.
MORACEAE
10

1.


2.
3-4
Ficus

Siamese rough bust, Tooth brush tree

Streblus asper Lour.
30

 MORACEAE

4 2

1.


2.
3-4
Upas tree

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.
MORACEAE
40

31


2-4
2

antiarin, antiaresin, toxicarin

Physic nut

, ,
,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
Jatropha
curcas L.
EUPHORBIACEAE




3 3

curcin

jatrophone

curcin

32


1-20





LD50
6 ./.
1-20







bismuth subcarbonate magnesium trisilicate


2-3

1. .1-.4
11 2549
- .1-.4

20

10 10

33

 7-10
1 4



20 (12 ..)

()

20

10 10
1

2.
11 2542
1 2
2 3 (
34

)
1x1.5

1

14.2 g/100mL
5.4 27,000/mm3
17 mEg/L
134 mEg/L 101 mEg/L 4.4 mEg/L 24

Bellyache bush

, , , ,

Jatropha gossypifolia L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
1-2

12-13 1215 3-5


35

 5
10-12 1
3
3
curcin (jatrophin), jatrophone

curcin

jatrophone

bismuth subcarbonate magnesium trisilicate


2-3

Coral plant, Coral bush

Jatropha multifida L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
1-5
910



3 1
calcium oxalate

36



1.
(activated charcoal)

2.

3. (atropine)
curcin (atropine antagonists)
physostigmine salicylate
4.
morphine sulfate
Gout plant, Guatemala rhubarb, Fiddle-leaved Jatropha

Jatropha podagrica Hook. f.
EUPHORBIACEAE





toxalbumin, curcin resin

alkaloid glycoside

:




3

37



activated charcoal

Cotton leaved jatropha, Peregrina, Spicy jatropha

Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
EUPHORBIACEAE


4-6 10-12

5 2.5-3

Jatropha

Taro, Cocoyam

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

ARACEA

calcium

oxalate
38

 calcium oxalate





,
(irritant and allergic contact
dermatitis)

:



antihistamine
topical steroid

Dumb cane

Dieffenbachia seguine Schott

ARACEAE

calcium oxalate

39


(calcium oxalate)


(protoanemomine)

(calcium oxalate)

(protoanemomine)

-
meperidine (demerol) aluminium magnesium
hydroxide 1 oz 2 steroid
antihistamime
-


2-3

40

- cornea
3-4 1% ethyl morphine 2% disodium edetate
1% ethyl morphine permeability
cornea 2% disodium edetate

38

1

13

41

 cornea






4 12
8

Caladium, Fancy-leafed Caladium, Elephant's-ear, Heart-of-Jesus

Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent.

ARACEAE

calcium oxalate

sapotoxin

meperidine (Dermerol) aluminum
magnesium hydroxide

Elephant ear, Giant taro

42

Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don

ARACEAE

calcium oxalate

1.
(activated charcoal)

2.

3. (atropine)
curcin (atropine antagonists)
physostigmine salicylate
4.
morphine sulfate

Ceriman, Cut-leaf philodendron, Fruit-salad plant, Mexican breadfruit, Swisscheese plant, Split-leaf philodendron, Window leaf

ARACEAE

Monstera deliciosa Liebm.

43





1-3

calcium oxalate, lycorine alkaloids

mucosa

meperidine (Demerol) aluminum
magnesium hydroxide

Chinese taro, Chinese ape

Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don

ARACEAE
50-80 .
6-35 . 8-30 .

10 . 12 .
1.5-2.5 . 2.5-3.5 .
2.5-3.5 .


Araceae

44

-
aluminium magnesium hydroxide
2

2

cyanogenic glycoside
Sago palm, Crozier cycas, Fern cycas, Fern palm, Palm-leaved cycas, Queen sago

Cycas circinalis L.

CYCACEAE
Cycadaceae

45



2 2-4

cycasin
Pseudocyanotic glycoside

(HCN) 2
2



acidosis
(HCN)
Fe+ cytochrome oxidase


cycasin cycasin

acidosis alkali
electrolyte hemodialysis
peritoneael dialysis
ethanal

46

Derris, Tuba root

Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth.

LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE

5-7
. 10-20 .

routinone

1.

47

3.




2.

2.

1.



ARACEAE

2.

lycorine
AMARYLLIDACEAE

Cape lily, Crinum lily

Crinum asiaticum L.
AMARILLIDACEAE

48


1



-

lycorine

Giant lily

Crinum amabile Donn

AMARILLIDACEAE


10-20

49

Psilocybe mushroom, Magic Mushroom, Golden top

Psliocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing.

STROPHARIACEAE


(Stalk)




6.5-8.8 . 5.5-8 .
0.8-1.0 .

"Magic Mushroom"



psilocybin
psilocin
serojtonin
serotonin
psilocybin 3.5 12 .
(
4-8 .) 1-4
15-20

50


5
2522

3.

3.1

3.2

3.1

(saponin)

51

Golden dewdrop, Pigeon-berry, Sky-flower

Duranta repens L.

VERBENACEAE


1.5-2 3-7



5 1-1.5
0.5-0.8

duacosterol, duratoside IV, duratoside V

(Hydrocyanic acid, HCN)

HCN



saponin duratoside V, duratoside V
saponin saponin

52

duacosterol , duratoside IV, duratoside V

(Hydrocyanic acid, HCN)

HCN

saponin duratoside IV, duratoside V
saponin saponin

Jicama, Yam bean, Mexican yam bean, Chop-suey bean, Manioc bean, Threelobed-leaved yam bean, Four-lobed-root yam bean
, , ,

, , , , ,
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
53

 LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE

3


4-9


pachyrrhizin,

pachyrrhizone, 12-(A)-hydroxypachyrrhizone, dehydropachyrrhizone, dolineone, erosenone, erosin,

erosone, neodehydrorautenone, 12-(A)-hydroxy lineonone, 12-(A)-hydroxymundu-serone, rotenone
pachysaponins A B

pachyrrhizid


pachyrrhizin,
pachyrrhizone, 12-(A)-hydroxypachyrrizone, dehyropachyrrhizone, dolineoe, erosenone, erosin,
erosone, neodehydrorautenone, 12(A)-hydroxylineonoe, 12-(A)-hydroxymundusarone, rotenone
pachysaponins A B

pachyrrhizid

rotenone rotenone

54

rotenone
rotenone

demulcents
electrolyte balance

28
200

2 (dizzy)
55




11

-

pachyrrhizin, pachyrrhizone, 12(A)-hydroxypachyrrizone, dehyropachyrrhizone, dolineoe, erosenone, erosin, erosone,
neodehydrorautenone, 12 (A)-hydroxy lineonoe, 12-(A)-hydroxymundusarone, rotenone
pachysaponins A B

pachyrrhizid

rotenone rotenone

56

Saman, Rain tree, East Indian walnut, Monkeypod

, , , , ,
, ,

Albizia saman F. Mll.

LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE
15-30
2-10






(saponin)

57

3.2
1-2

1-2

(toxalbumins)

Jatropha

5-15 (17-50 )

58

 Rosary pea, Prayer beads, Crab's eye vine

Abrus precatorius L.

LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE


1.5-4 8-20

5-20
3-8


4
3
3




1-6

abrin a-d lectin

galactosyl terminated receptors
ribosome
0.01 1

59



(LD50) 0.02 0.7 . 1 ..

retina

(latent period) 2-3

2-3

cyanosis

abrin

(melaena)
(haematemesis)


60

 (AST) (ALT)
(LDH)

(retina)

(fluid and
electrolyte disturbances)


(acidosis)
(acid base disturbances)


(uremia)

61

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.


5-15 (17-50 )

6.

30

ipecac

(identification)



stomach tube

bismuth subcarbonate magnesium trisilicate

62

cast

electrolyte
metabolic acidosis


insert a central venous
pressure line (dextran)

(dopamine) (dobutamine)
(a continuous infusion)

(dialysis)

(dialysis)

urine output 100

(diazepam)
(demulcent)

63




(intestinal
transit)

anti-abrin jequiritol

1. 2

(flushing of skin)
neostigmine barbiturates
2. 2 Miami

1961
Clearwater 1958
3. 2 Astatula

4 acidosis
1949

64

4. 9 12 1

1

2-3 1970
14
4
5.

1
1 20
6 12


1

8

5 36
24
2-3
6.
9

7. 19

65

2
(flushing of skin)

neostigmine barbiturates
2 Miami
1961
Clearwater
1958
2 Astatula

4 acidosis
1949
9 12 1

1
2-3
1970
14
4


1
1 20
6 12

66


1

8

5 36
24
2-3
.
(KHON-KAEN Hospital Medical Journal)
9

19
(Jequirity
infusion)

PalmaChristi, Castor oil, Castor bean

, , , , ,
,

Ricinus communis L.

EUPHORBIACEAE



15 60 5-12

67





3-5
5
3

retina

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

5-15 (17-50 )

6.

Portia tree, Umbella tree, Sandbox tree

Hura crepitans L.

68

 EUPHORBIACEAE
13

5-12 5-15

4-20
2
2.5-6

11-30
1.2-1.7
7

11-14

8-9 4-5
hurin, toxalbumin
hurain butyrospermol, crepitan, isolectins, crepitina, cyclortenol, 24

methylene cycloartanol lactic

dextrose infusion hypoglycemia
69

 Croton oil plant

Croton tiglium L.

EUPHORBIACEAE

(croton oil) toxic albuminous

substances crotin

diterpenoids phorbol-12-tiglate-13-decanoate

crotin
phobol-12-tiglate-13-decanoate

resin
10

70


atropine
curcin physostigmine salicylate
morphin sulfate 2-10 mg

Jatropha

curcin
curcin

Stinging-hair cnestis

Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr.

CONNARACEAE
10

15-31 2-3 . 6-8
. 1.5-3
. 4-8 .




(proteids) - (L-methionine
sulfoximine)

71

-
(L-methionine sulfoximine)

-

24 347 ./.
20

7-10
-3

(diazepam)

22 2544

21
2544
9-14
13
10
4

72

Climbing lily, Superb lily, Turk,s cap

Gloriosa superba L.

COLCHICACEAE



1.5-4 8-25



6

4-6
4-5 3


alkaloid colchicine
N-formyl-N-deacetylochicine, 3-desmethyl colchicine

colchicine
(acute gouty arthritis)
colchicine
granulocyte
lactic acid
colchicine
glycoprotein
1 0.51.2 1-2
4-10
73

 colchicine 3
2

0.5 2-3
1.8

colchicine

2-6

1-2 (
)
1.

2. atropine
morphine (50-100 mg IM)

74

- 28

2-3

4

- 15 2529

3

- 21
125 colchicine 350
2 8

25 20

122 95/70
.. 18

100/70 ..
110 /

hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, metoxamine noradrenaline 2


20 5,000/c.m.m 12
23 2

5 2-3

75

- 8

- colchicine

- EWE 1.613

- 10

- colchicine
7-11

2-6


(90-100 ) (70-50
.. 60-40 .. )
electrocardiogram (ECG)


5-10

7

colchicine colchicine

colchincines 0.5-2
colchicine

electrolyte
76

 ) (IM)
meperidine atropine

meperidine (50-100

3.

3.1
cardiac glycosides

Oleander, Rose bay, Sweet oleander, Ceylon tree, South sea rose

Nerium oleander L.

APOCYNACEAE



3-4 1517

77

 20-50


8-12

cardiotonic glucosides neriin, oleandrin

digitalis

Be-still tree, Lucky nut tree, Tiger apple tree,
trumpet flower, Yellow oleander

, , , ,
, ,

Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.

APOCYNACEAE
2-3


3-4
5

1-2
cardiac glycosides calotoxin, thevetin,

thevetoxin, neriifolin

78

 Thevetin B






1-2 8-10

ipecac activated charcoal
potassium magnesium serum

(transvenous cardiac pacing) epinephrine
ventricular fibrillation
Allamanda, Golden-trumpet

Allamanda cathartica L.

APOCYNACEAE
16
3-4

5

allamandin allamandicin triterpinoids

digitalis

79


allamandicin
allamandin

calamine lotion 3-4

1 3




activated charcoal


activated charcoal (EKG)

ventricular tachycardia potassium chloride (KCl) 5 - 10 g K+ 80
mEq/L epinephrine
venticular fibrillation
1.
2.
80


4. EKG ventricular tachycardia potassium
chloride (5-10 g) K+ (80 mEq/L)

3.

Mock azalea, Desert rose, Impala lily, Pink bignonia

Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem & Schult.

APOCYNACEAE




cardiac glycosides abobioside, abomonoside,

echubioside, edhujun

ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrhythmia

ipecac activated charcoal
potassium magnesium serum

(transvenous cardiac pacing) epinephrine
ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrhythmia potassium
KCl 3
20 mEq potassium 500 ml 5 % dextrose IV
81

 0.3 mEq/min ECG

potassium serum potassium 5 mEq/L potassium
complete heart block
potassium sodium polystyrene
sulphonate Kayexalate 20 4
10 unit Insulin 5% dextrose
atrial and ventricular irregularities
potassium phenytoin 0.5 mg/kg IV 1-2
10 mg/kg 24 Lidocaine 1 mg/kg 5
15-50 mg/kg/min
propranolol, quinidine procainamide
cholestyramine
atropine 0.01 mg/kg IV heart rate
heart block

ventricle ECG
2-4

Temple tree, Pagoda tree

Plumeria obtusa L.
APOCYNACEAE
3-6

5-8 20-32



5

8-10 5

82

 1.5
15 2

iridoid fulvoplumierin

Frangipani, Nosegay, Pagoda Tree, Temple Tree, West Indian Red Jasmine

Plumeria rubra L.
APOCYNACEAE



5-8 20- 30

8-16

5
6-8
2-3 20

iridoid fulvoplumierin

83

Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn.
MENISPERMACEAE

10-28 . 8-24 .
3-7
4-5

6-18 .
16-40 . 2-5 .
2-3 .
2 6
2.5-3 . 2 .
1.5-2 .
7 .
3-4
9-11
.
picrotoxin, cocculin, anamirtin, menispermine, paramenispermine alkoids

84

 picrotoxin


lethal dose (
) picrotoxin 20 mg

activated charcoal
diazepam 510 mg IV () 5 diazepam
10 mg
nitroprusside 3 mcg/kg/min IV infusion
dopamine norepinephrine
3.2
cyanogenetic glycosides

85

Cassava, Manioc, Tapioca

Manihot esculenta Crantz.

EUPHORBIACEAE
1.5-3


3

cyanogenetic glycoside

amyl nitrite 0.2 m sodium nitrite sodium

thiosulfate 3% sodium IV rate 2.5-5 ml/min
systolic blood pressure 80 mm Hg 25% sodium
thiosulfate IV rate 2.5-5 ml/min 100% oxigen

Hydrangea

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

HYDRANGEACEAE
50-100 .

4-5
4-5

hydragenol, hydrangenic acid

86

hydragenol
hydrangenic acid

(cyanosis)

Lead tree, Leucaena, White popinac, Wild tamarind
, , ,
, , , , ,

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit

LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE
10


8-25 .
2 0.5-1 . 11.5 .

2-3 . 0.5-1 .

87

 3-7
2-12 . 6-18
0.1-0.2 .

2-5 . 5-20 .


30 .
2-4 . 2-3 .

5 1 .
2 . 5
5
0.5-0.8 . 3.5-4 . 10
9-12 .
1
0.7-0.8 . 2
. 10-12 .
1.52.5 . 10-25 . 3.5-5 . 5-8 .

cyanogenic glycoside

10-15
1.
2.
3. amyl nitrite
5% sodium thiosulfate
4. soduim nitrite (3% solution at 2.5-5 ml/min.) sodium
thiosulfate (50 ml of 25% solution, IV)
5.
88

Crateva religiosa G. Forst.

CAPPARACEAE
5-20 .
3 4-14 .
1.5-6.5 . 4.5-18 .
2.5 .

9-20
22

5 .
4-7 .
2 . 2-4 .
1-2.5 . 1.5-3 .
0.5-1.2 .
15-25 3.5-6.5 . 2-3 .
3.5-8 .
1 1.5-4.5 . 5-8 .
8-13 . 3-5 .

6-9 .
cyanogenic glycoside




10-15
1.
2.

89

 amyl nitrite
5% sodium thiosulfate
3.

Sacred barnar, Caper tree

Crateva adansonii DC. subsp. trifoliata (Roxb.) Jacobs

CAPPARACEAE
5-25
3 2-6 4-12


4 0.5-1 1.52.5

2-3.5
cyanogenic glycoside




10-15
1.
2.
3. amyl nitrite
5% sodium thiosulfate

Stinking-passion flower, Redfruit passion flower

Passiflora foetida L.

PASSIFLORACEAE

90

 1.5-5
3.5-7 . 4.5-10 .

cyanogenic glycoside

10-15
1.
2.
3. amyl nitrite
5% sodium thiosulfate
4. soduim nitrite (3% solution at 2.5-5 ml/min.) sodium
thiosulfate (50 ml of 25% solution, IV)
5.

4.

Bastard cedar, Bead tree, Chinabeny, Persian lilac, White cedar, Chinaberrytree

, ,

Melia azedarach L.

MELIACEAE
10-20

91

 1.5-2.5 3-6

6

1 2.5

azaridine, resin, tannin, meliatannic acid benzoic

acid bakayanin


1





24
1.
2.

3.

Nux-vomica tree, Poison nut tree, Snake wood, Strycnine-tree

, , , , ,
,

Strychnos nux-vomica L.

STRYCHNACEAE

12

92

 3



(
3-5

indole alkaloids strychnine brucine

button seed dog
Button strychnine brucine

1.
2.

(Datura metel L. var. metel)

(Datura metel L. var. fastuosa (Bernh.) Danert)

Thorn apple

Datura metel L. var. metel

SOLANACEAE

93


Datura spp.
tropane alkaloids
hyoscyamine ()

scopolamine (hyoscine) atropine, hyoscyamine
norhyoscyamine
parasympathetic nerve


42.8






tropane
alkaloids

1.


2.

94

3.
4. physostigmine ( 0.5-1.0 ., 1-4
.) 2
5
2 .
6 .
5. atropine (1 .)
physostimine

6.
diazepam

diazepam
1.

2.
morphine
morphine
atropine

3. cholinergic barbituratte

4.
pilopine
5.

-

-

95

-
4

4





10-12

Thorn apple

Datura metel L. var. fastuosa (Bernh.) Danert

SOLANACEAE

11.5

tropane alkaloid


42.8

96



1.

2.
morphine
morphine
atropine

3.

cholinergic barbituratte

pilopine
5.
4.

Erythrophleum succirubrum Gagnep.

LEGUMINOSAE-CAESAPINIOIDEAE
20


20-50 . 3-5
.
2-4 10-25 .
9-17 1-3 .


2-5 . 3-10 .

1-3

97

 2
8-12 .
1.2-1.5 .
5
0.5-1 . 5
1-2 . 5

2-3 .
10
3-5 . 1
2-2.5 .
1-2 .

2- 3.5 . 10-20 .
5-10 8-12 .

alkaloid, cassaine, cassaidine, acetyl cassaidine, erythropheline

1.
2. antidote

(Erythropheleum succirubrum Gagnep.)

1:1
5 400 1
95 30
98


2 80-85
10

3 3 (
)
4
5
4 100
(Complete Randomized Design)

60

95
80-85 ,
,

0.05
98
39
24.75
14.25

Kratom

Mitragyna speciosa (Roxb.) Korth.

RUBIACEAE

99

Mitragynine Mitrajavine
(CNS depressant)

Mitragynine

major transquillizers

Intoxication yam, Nami, Wild yam

Dioscorea hispida Dennst. var. hispida

DIOSCOREACEAE



3-5
2 ()
(, ) 10-15
. 3
3-5 . 8-10
.

100

 30-50

Dioscorea dioscorine
species dioscorine

0.19 %

(motor activity)
(moyor activity)

()

(
95%
)
1 ./. 10
1 .
1-1.2 ./. 10

2
1.8
./. 10 3

101

dioscorine

(
)
dioscorine 0.0021.024 ./.
urethane
15-36% 0.008 ./
.



(apnea)

dioscorine

1. phenobarbital diazepam


2. neostigmine
3.

1. phenobarbital diazepam

(motor activity)
102

2. neostigmine

2 2

1-2

2
6
3 1
6

1974

3
Grass, Hashish, Hemp, Indian hemp, Kif, Marihuana, Marijuana, Pot, Weed

Cannabis sativa L.

CANNABACEAE
0.9-1.5 .

5-7
0.3-1.5 . 6-10 .

103

 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
(resin) /

Mace, Nutmeg

Myristica fragrans Houtt.

MYRISTICACEAE
5-18
4-5 . 10-15 .
2-3


myristicin and related compound




barbiturate

Gelsemium elegans (Gardner & Champ.) Benth.
LOGANIACEAE

2-6 . 5-12 .

1.2-1.9
.
104


6-8
. 10-14 .
0.4 .

Gelsemine, Gelsemicine
( Gelsemium), Koumine, Kouminine, Kouminicine
Kumatenidine






()

White-edge morning-glory, Ivyleaf morning-glory

Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.
CONVOLVULACEAE

5
1-3

ergoline alkaloids

ergoline alkaloid

105


(hallucination)

Benzodiazepines Diazepam, Lorazepam,
Haloperidol

(gastric emptying)
agitated

, hypertension, tachycardia hyperthermia
supportive care

5.

Cloth of gold, Hedge flower, Latana

, , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, ,

Lantana camara L.

VERBENACEAE
2-6




2.5-4

lantadene A

106


lantadene A rehmannic acid lantadene B

lantadene A
bilirubin glucuronide
conjugated bilirubin
bilirubin
(photosensitation)
lantadene A
60-80 1
lantadene B 200-300
10 1
2

lantadene C

lantadene A guinea


lantadene A

2-3
107


(lethargy) (labored slow
respiration) (mydriasis)
(ataxia)
tendon (depressed deep tendon reflexes)


1-2


pink nose


1-4

bililubin

108

 bililubin
phylloerythrin

bililubin phylloerythrin

1.
3
2. 3 corticosteroids, adrenalin
3.
1. 50

2. 35

6



(pinpoint pupil) adrenal steroid
epinephrine 1:1,000

8.5


pulmonary edema neurocirculatory collapse
3. 4 32

3.5


109

24 8

4. 3 27
5


tendon
(depressed deep tendon reflexes)
adrenal steroid

56 5

Djenkol bean

Archidendron jiringa (Jack.) I.C.Nielsen

LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE

110


djenkolic acid () 1
15.86 6.6 . 93%
7%

2-14 .

(anuria)
colic

70%
100 ./100 ( 5
./) 22 1 9 6
5 15
3
epithelial cell, albumin amorphous particles

3
acute tubular necrosis glomeruli cell
necrosis

1.

111


100 . 3 4

1.

2.
3.
NaHCO3



32 ./ pH
NAHCO3 100 .
3 4
4-12 .
1. BUN creatinine
dialysis
2. plain KUB IVP



2 lasix
20-80
lasix

1

10
4-5
2.

112

 2-8
2525-2528

2 32

vital sign
1.007, albumin 1+, RBC 300 cell/HP2 , BUN/Cr 10/1.7, plain KUB
, NaHCO3 lasix
3

3 44
10+
vital sign
1.013, albumin 1+ , RBC 300
cell/HP2, BUN/Cr 14/1.0 , plain KUB
, NaHCO3 lasix

4 24

vital sign
1.013, albumin 1+, RBC 150-200 cell/HP2,
WBC 4-7 cell/HP2, BUN/Cr 33/3.3, plain KUB
lasix
5

5 45

vital sign
1.030, albumin 4+,
RBC 50-100 cell/HP2, plain KUB
2-3 ..

113

 6 45


1.020, RBC 100-150 cell/HP2
lasix
3

7 44
vital sign
1.030, albumin 1+ ,
RBC o cell/HP2, WBC 3-5 cell/HP2, cast: granular

2
8 14
10 4

vital sign
costovertebral angle 2
anuria, BUN/Cr (82/9.0) uremia (
) peritoneal dialysis
1.008, RBC 5-10 cell/HP2, WBC 10-20 cell/HP2, BUN/Cr 73/8.312/0.9 4 , plain KUB acute
renal failure NaHCO3 100-150
. 8
9
38
3 5






114




2
6

1. 2
1.1

1.2

2.
5% HCI 5% NaHCO3. (
) 10 3032% 5% NaHCo3 10
14%

Cashew, Cashuew nut tree, Cashewnut

Anacardium occidentale L.

ANACARDIACEAE
10

115

 cyanogenic glycoside




10-15
1.
2.
3. amyl nitrite
5% sodium thiosulfate
4. soduim nitrite (3% solution at 2.5-5 ml/min.) sodium
thiosulfate (50 ml of 25% solution, IV)
5.

Mango tree
, , , , , , ,
, , , , ,

Mangifera indica L.

ANACARDIACEAE
10-30



5.5-6.5 24-30

6-7

5 5

116

Phenol

1.
2. prednisolone 5%
triamcinolone acetonide 0.025%-0.1% 1-2
3.
1
- 6-12
4. 14
2
Mock-willow

Shirakiopsis indica (Willd.) Esser

EUPHORBIACEAE
30 .

34 . 714 .

24 18
24 11.5 .


1.83 .

4-deoxyphorbol, 4a-sapinine

117

4a-sapinine

corticosteroid

corticosteroid

1 3

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
5

118

1.

119

1
()

120

2.

3.

Jatropha

121

 1
()

4.

5.

122

123

124