Thunder Healing's - Crystals & Stones Metaphysical and General Know

Thunder Healing's - Crystals & Stones Metaphysical and General Knowle...
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Abalone
Abalones are members of a class (Gastropoda) of molluscs having one-piece shells. They belong to the family Haliotidae and the genus Haliotis, which means sea ear, referring to the flattened shape of the shell. These shells are associated with healing, serenity, calmness, nobility, and honesty. Abalone is also reported to stimulate psychic development and intuition, and promote imagination in a healthy way. Abalone has been used by Kemetic (ancient Egyptian), Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Italian (Stregha), Celtic (Druidic and Faerie), French, Spanish, Portuguese, Gypsy, Norse, Germanic, British, Scottish, African, Polynesian, Japanese, Chinese, Asian Indian, and Native American peoples. Abalone is purported to be especially useful for handling and calming emotional situations, and be very soothing to the emotions. Having abalone nearby when working through an emotional situation with someone is said to be beneficial, and promotes cooperation. Abalone is associated with the first three chakras. Mystical lore suggests that abalone is helpful for arthritis and other joint disorders, muscle problems, the heart, and digestion.
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Acanthite
Acanthite is a most protective crystal, It was carried in anceint times as a powerful and protective force against enemies and evil forces. Warriors rarely wrnt to war without this crystal upon their body in some form. A crystal, a carving, a carved arrow head, or inside an amulet etc. This crystal is a powerful creator and supporter of strength within the wearer/carrier, removing mental and emotional obstacles to bravery, and fearlessness. It supports one in carrying out tasks which one would usually shy away from. But it is within the self to create the boundaries which one would not pass no matter what strength is needed or afforded. It does not support one in harming another, it supports one being strong within the self. It allows one to look within the self and to "see" where disease is created and upheld by the body and the emotional self, so that one can remove what one has created, and return the body to wholeness. There is no hurtfulness toward the self during this procedure, no self judgement; no punishment of the self. It is simply understood where one needs to direct change within the self, in order to exact change outwardly, bringing about that change on all levels of the being, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual etc.... Acanthite is a bringer of peace, patience, and staying power to the process of inner and outer change; in the process of alteration, and definition of oneself, toward the attainment of comfort with one being who one naturally is, by that process of change... The preceding information was supplied by: Darryll Thompson [darryl109@gmail.com] Acanthite is a very important silver ore. Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m below 173 degrees Celsius (acanthite) and isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m above (argentite). Crystal Habits include rarely well formed pseudo: cubes, octahedrons and dodecahedrons. Non-argentite crystals (those that formed below 173 degrees Celsius) of acanthite tend to be of a slender prismatic habit. More commonly found massive and as coatings or as arborescent (branching) and reticulated groups. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.5 - 5.8 (slightly heavy even for metallic minerals). Streak is a shiny black. Other Characteristics: Sectile, meaning it can be cut with a knife like lead and fresh shiny surfaces will eventually form a dull coating after prolonged exposure to light (can be removed by ultrasonic treatment). Associated Minerals include silver, quartz, bornite, gold, galena, proustite, pyrargyrite, stephanite and other silver sulfide minerals. Notable Occurrences include Guanajuato, Mexico; Freiberg and Saxony, Germany; Cobalt, Ontario, Canada; Comstock Lode, Nevada and Butte, Montana, USA; Cornwall, England; Chile; Peru; Bolivia and especially Kongsberg, Norway.
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Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, softness, sectility, association with other silver sulfosalts and color. Colors: lead gray to black Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Actinolite Quartz
Actinolite is an immensely important tool. It is a phenomenal shielding device and expands the energy body. This expansion of the energy body provides a connection to "All That Is." This stone also provides familiarity with all people encountered. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: examples are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the flattened prismatic and elongated crystal with a dome-like termination that is actually a two of the four faces of a prism. Also as a fibrous mass (asbestos) and as a fibrous and very compact mass (nephrite jade). Cleavage: is perfect in two directions at close to 60- and 120-degree angles. Fracture is splintery to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.3 (very slightly above average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, lawsaonite, epidote and glaucophane. Other Characteristics: the compact nephrite variety is extremely tough and is actually stronger than steel. Notable Occurrences include the Lake Baikal Region, Russia; China; New Zealand; British Columbia, Canada and Taiwan. Best Field Indicators are toughness (nephrite jade), fibrosity (asbestos), typical green color, crystal habit and hardness. Colors: green, white, gray Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Adamite
Use in business and for prosperity.
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Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include diamond shaped, wedge-like prisms sometimes modified with minor prismatic faces and terminated by a double triangle. Mostly in druses and radiating clusters that can form wheel and wheat sheaf shapes. Rarely in a perfectly smooth botryoidal habit like smithsonite, but commonly found with well formed double triangular crystal terminations that sparkle on the top of the "sub" botryoidal surface. Cleavage is perfect in two directions at non-right angles to each other (domal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.4 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white to pale green. Other Characteristics: Strongly fluoresces green in short and long UV light. Associated Minerals are legrandite, limonite, smithsonite, austinite, paradamite, aragonite, calcite, mimetite, conichalcite and other oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurrences include the famous mines at Mapimi, Mexico; also Greece and California and Utah, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, luster, density, fluorescences and associations. Colors: Typically green due to trace amounts copper and or uranium, yellow, rarely white and occasionally purple due to trace amount of cobalt. Hardness: 3.5
Aegerine
Aegerine is a stone that is to energize individuals, or in conjunction with Reiki, a person, place, or event in time and space. It protects against psychic attacks and negative energy in general. It can be used when experiencing a broken relationship, to help eliminate group or peer pressure, and for strengthening self-acceptance. It builds self-esteem and helps an individual follow their own path while being true to their own values. Aegerine associates with the root and solar plexus chakras. Aegerine strengthens the immune system, making it ideal for general healing practices. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are generally opaque to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include long prismatic crystals terminated by a steep asymmetrical pyramid. Also as disseminated grains, compact and fibrous. Cleavage is perfect in two directions at near 90 degree angles.
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Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5 - 3.6 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white or gray. Other Characteristics: Splinters or thin edges are translucent green. Associated Minerals are augite, nepheline, andradite, barite, quartz, spessartine, riebeckite, biotite, sodalite and albite Notable Occurrences include Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Kongsberg, Norway; Narsarssuk, Greenland; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Magnet Cove Arkansas, USA; Kenya; Scotland and Nigeria. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit (especially its steep pyramids), density, cleavage, color and hardness. Colors: black to greenish or brownish black Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Aeschynite
If you have any metaphysical or intuitive information on Acanthite, please contact me. Thank you! Luster is vitreous to adamantine or pitchy when more massive. Transparency: Crystals are nearly opaque in massive forms and translucent in small crystals. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic almost blocky crystals, some with well formed domal terminations. Often embedded in the matrix of the host pegmatite; as well as granular and massive. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Hardness is 5 - 6 Specific Gravity is approximately 4.9 - 5.1 (heavy for non-metallic minerals). Streak is reddish brown or reddish yellow. Other Characteristics: Weathered crystals/specimens are often coated with a limonite like earthy coating. Associated Minerals include quartz, feldspars, euxenite, fergusonite, monazite, columbite, tantalite, allanite, gadolinite, xenotime and zircon. Notable Occurrences include the Ural Mountains of Russia; Urstad, Hittero, Norway and Madagascar. Best Field Indicators are luster, fracture, color, streak, associations, environment and specific gravity. Colors: black to dark brown or yellowish brown Hardness: 5 to 6
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Agate, Red
Red Agate is stimulating and also bolsters strength, courage, and longevity. It enhances physical love, promotes healing, assists with protection, and is a good gardening companion.
Agate, Banded
Relates to courage and success in competitive situations.
Agate, Black
Protection from physical dangers and general grounding properties.
Agate, Black & White

Stress reduction and calming effects can be realized when using this stone.
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Agate, Blue Lace

Excellent in spiritual work, throat chakra stimulation, and general communication activities.
Agate, Brown or Tawny

This stone is an all-around health stone.
Agate, Green
A gardener's stone that can also attract wealth, but not necessarily in the form of money.
Agate, Moss
A stone of peace and inner calm. Moss Agate can enhance personal goals and also encourage general prosperity. It is used in past life work and to communicate with nature spirits. It is also for general grounding of one's spiritual energies within the physical realm. General Agate Notes: Colors: from gray-blue to beige, reddish to brown, usually arranged in layers, in multiple stripes, patterns and decorative shapes Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Ajoite
Ajoite is a stone of peace and harmony. It helps to release sorrow, anger, fear, and heal emotional wounds.
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Ajoite is used to make connections to "All That There Is." Used in meditation, Ajoite can help release negative energy from the physical, emotional, and energetic self. It acts as a stone of transformation, and helps brings change. Ajoite relates to the throat and heart chakras. Luster is dull to vitreous. Transparency specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1. Growth Habits include acicular to thin prismatic crystals often found as spherules or sprays of acicular radial crystal clusters and as massive specimens. Cleavage is perfect. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.0 (average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is pale greenish white. Associated Minerals are quartz, limonite, mimetite, phoenicochroite, willemite, wickenburgite, shattuckite, copper, papagoite, plancheite, duftite and other secondary copper minerals. Notable Occurrences are limited to the New Cornelia Mine, Ajo District, Pima County and Wickenburg, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA and the Messina District, South Africa. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, locality and associations. Colors: blue-green to light green Hardness: 3.5
Alabaster (Gypsum)
Relieves tension, increases concentration. Colors: white, gray to black (transparent), yellowish, reddish or sand colored Hardness: 1.5 to 2
Albite
Blood purification, disorders, circulation, blood pressure. Luster is vitreous to dull if weathered. Transparency crystals are translucent to opaque and only sometimes transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky, tabular and platy crystals. The typical crystal has a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slightly slanted dome and pinacoid terminations.
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A variety called Cleavelandite forms very thin platy crystals that can grow rather large (15+ cm across) but can maintain an even thickness of only a few millimeters. Twinning is almost universal in albite. Crystals can be twinned according to the Albite, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno laws. Albite is a common constituent of granitic and syenite rocks. Can also be massive. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.61 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, tourmaline and muscovite. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.53. Lamellar twinning may cause a grooved effect on crystal surfaces that appear as striations. Some albite may show an opalescence due to twinning and is referred to as moonstone. Notable Occurrences include Labrador, Canada and the Scandinavian Peninsula. Best Field Indicators are occurence, crystal habit, twinning, striations, density and index of refraction Colors: usually white (Albite is derived from the same root word as albino) or colorless but can be shades of blue, yellow, orange and brown Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Alexandrite
I am Alexandrite, "Emerald by day and Ruby by night." I am one of the few gemstones whose color changes dramatically under different lights: green, blue-green, or pale green in daylight to mauve, violet-red or purplish in incandescent light. Stories say that I was discovered in 1830 on the same day Czar Alexander II came of age and thus was given the name Alexandrite. I was, at first, exclusive to Russia and displayed their national military colors of green and red, and therefore was long held in very high esteem by Russian aristocrats and royalty. Alexandrite represents the June birthstone. It is believed to be a true good luck charm, and is a sophisticated stone that brings life to your more refined and elegant side. It is also thought to bring good fortune, especially when the sun is shining. When worn on the left hand, it is said to help inhibit undesirable energies from other people's emotions as well as inanimate sources such as microwaves or power lines. When worn on the chest, Alexandrite suspends intense emotional states, allowing you to operate in a more neutral way. When worn in the ears, it inhibits excessive intellectual processing to allow you to maintain an outwardly directed focus. Qualities - The red and green are always present in Alexandrite but they fight for dominance. If there is more red in the light (i.e. candlelight or incandescent) the reddish nature prevails. Daylight and most fluorescent light has a greater predominance of blue, hence an Alexandrite
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will appear bluish green. It is extremely rare to find just the right trace amount of chromium in a natural stone to make this dramatic color change possible, therefore fine natural Alexandrite commands very high prices. Care - Although Alexandrite has a high hardness number of 8 1/2, some care must be taken to avoid knocking it against hard surfaces. It should not be exposed to excessive heat (such as a jeweler's torch) as that could effect color change. Why Alexandrite? - While today we are not limited by tradition, the symbolism of Alexandrite is treasured as a gift for June birthdays and the 55th wedding anniversary. Alexandrite helps balance the emotional state, it provides confidence, and increases self-esteem. It also brings happiness. Even success. It may also intensify feelings of love and sensuality. High quality alexandrite is one of the most expensive of all gemstones. VARIETY OF: Chrysoberyl , BeAl2 O4 USES: Gemstone BIRTHSTONE FOR: June INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.745 - 1.757 BIREFRINGENCE: 0.009 CLEAVAGE: good in one direction, imperfect in another CRYSTAL SYSTEM: orthorhombic Colors: green/red, gray, greenish, the stone changes its color according to the light falling on it: it is green in daylight and red under artificial light Hardness: 8.5
Almandine
A red garnet with a violet tint. Brings spirituality to relationships. Helps in the transition from romance to a spiritual commitment in love. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical rhombic dodecahedron. also seen is the 24 sided trapezohedron. Combinations of these forms are common and sometimes the rare faces of the hexoctahedron, a 48 sided crystal habit that rarely is seen by itself, can also combine with these other forms making very attractive, complex and multifaceted crystals. Massive occurrences are also common. Crystals typically embedded and isolated, from other alamadine crystals, in metamorphic rocks. Cleavage is absent.
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Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 (above average for translucent minerals and the highest density of all garnets) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are micas, staurolite, quartz and feldspars. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.83 and multiplicity of faces give a striated appearance on some crystals. Notable Occurrences include Wrangel Alaska; Germany; Norway and India. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density and hardness Colors: typically red to brown, sometimes with a tinge of purple and sometimes a deep enough red to appear black Hardness: 6.5 to 7.5
Altaite (Lead Telluride)

If you have any metaphysical data on Altaite, please contact me. Thank you! Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include cubic and octahedral crystals; but much more commonly found in massive and granular forms. Cleavage: perfect in three directions forming cubes. Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is 8.2 - 8.3 (much heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals include gold, silver, pyrite, nagyagite, sylvanite, calaverite, tetrahedrite, hessite, petzite, coloradoite, volynskite, sphalerite, rucklidgeite, tellurium, tetradymite, galena and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of the Altai Mountains (hence the name), Zyrianovsk, Kazakhstan as well as the Ritchie Creek Deposit, Price County, Wisconsin; Hilltop Mine, Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico; the Stanislaus Mine, Calaveras County; Sawmill Flat, Tuolumne County and the Providence Mine, Nevada County, California and the Campbell Mine, Cochise County, Arizona, USA; Jewel Lake, Greenwood, British Columbia and Mattagami Lake Mine, Quebec, Canada; Sacaramb (Nagyag), Transylvania, Romania; Pribram, Czech Republic; Koch-Bulak Gold deposit, Kazakhstan; Moctezuma, Mexico and Coquimbo, Chile; Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, perfect cubic cleavage, associations and density Colors: tin white to yellowish white; tarnishing to bronze yellow Hardness: 2.5 to 3
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Aluminum (Bauxite)
If you have any metaphysical data on Aluminum, please contact me. Thank you! Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric. Crystal Habits are limited to microscopic inclusions and as nodules in volcanic muds. Cleavage is absent. Specific Gravity is 2.72 (very light for metals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include gold, copper, and zinc. Notable Occurrences are limited to Russia, Zaire, and Baku, Azerbaidzhan. Best Field Indicators: Rarity, color, softness, luster and locality Colors: silvery white Hardness: 1.5
Alunite (Angel Wing)

Alunite is a stone that can help balance yin/yang, physical and emotional energies as well as environmental energies, bringing unbalanced or dysfunctional energies into harmony. Because of this, angel wing has a stabilizing and grounding effect. For balancing energies in a room or other space, simply place angel wing in a corner or other inconspicuous place. It is also beneficial in the arts, heightening creativity while at the same time grounding that creativity in current reality, thus bringing creative arts to life. Angel Wing was used by Ancient Chinese and Egyptian cultures to reduce body odor. Alunite is used in crystal healing for problems with eye-sight, body odor, excessive thirst, and dehydration. Angel Wing has been related to the heart chakra, although it is more commonly related to the sacral and root chakras. Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; 3 m Crystal Habits include tabular to flattened rhombohedral looking crystals. The "rhombohedrons" are actually a combination of two trigonal pyramids. Crystals are somewhat scarce, small and usually line the fissures in alunite rocks, more
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commonly as earthy masses, films or crusts, botryoidal and granular. Cleavage is fair in one direction (basal), but only seen in the larger crystals. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7 - 2.8+ (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Some specimens fluoresce a nice orange color under longwave UV light. Does not react to acids except to slowly dissolve, unlike dolomite and calcite. Also pyroelectric and piezoelectric. Notable Occurrences include Marysvale, Utah; Red Mountain, Custer County, Colorado and Goldfield district, Nevada, USA and Tolfa, Italy. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, non-reaction to acids and hardness. Colors: te or gray to reddish Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Amazonite
Amazonite is a mint green to aqua green stone. Amazonite can create power. It facilitates truth, communication, trust, and clairvoyance. Amazonite can enhance psychic ability. Amazonite is associated with the throat chakra. It aligns the physical and energetic bodies. It lessens stressors by its calming nature. Amazonite heals emotional problems and effects of trauma. Amazonite helps one to make difficult decisions. It is a good stone for writers and creative people. Use Amazonite to calm yourself after exposure to negativity. Colors: green, blue-green as a result of copper traces Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Amber
Amber is especially favored by Thunder Healing Practice. Its projective forces bring luck, healing, strength, beauty and love. It is not actually a stone--it is the fossilized resin of coniferous trees (see pine). Amber becomes
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electrically charged when rubbed with a cloth. Amber transmutes negative energy into positive, it calms nerves, and brightens one's disposition while purifying energy and instilling inner warmth. It promotes good general health. Amber presents a soothing, light energy that is both calming and energizing at the same time. It can help one realize goals and heightens cognitive work, brings clarity of thought, and general wisdom. It cleans its environment by drawing out negativity, and relieves pain in the same manner. It brings patience, protection, psychic shielding, romantic love, sensuality, purification, balance, healing and calmness. It is considered a good luck charm for marriage. Amber is excellent for inner child work and past life work. Amber is associated with the solar plexus chakra and sometimes the sacral chakra. Luster is resinous Transparency: Transparent to translucent. Crystal System does not apply because amber is amorphous (meaning it does not have an ordered structure). Habits include nodules embedded in shales or sandstones and those that are washed up on beaches. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.1 (extremely light and can float in salty water). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Can be burned, fluorescent under UV light and is much tougher (will not crumble as easily) than modern tree resins. Notable Occurrences include all Baltic countries; Venezuela; Russia; Romania; Burma; in coal seams in Wyoming, USA and the Dominican Republic. Best Field Indicators are color, density, toughness, softness and trapped insects. Colors: light yellow to reddish brown, white, blue, greenish Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Amblygonite
A golden-yellow to clear color. Is said to increase a feeling of one's own worth. It helps us develop empathy, self-confidence and thoughtfulness towards others. Luster is vitreous to greasy and pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to less commonly transparent. Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1. Crystal Habits include short prismatic, tabular or equant crystals referred to as lath-shaped, but more commonly found as anhedral masses and compact grains. Twinning forms elongated, flatten crystals. Lamellar twinning is sometimes seen. Cleavage is in four directions all with varying quality with one direction being perfect, two
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directions being good and one direction being only distinct. All cleavage angles are non-right angles. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.98 - 3.11 (slightly above average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: When powdered and placed in a gas flame, it gives the flame a bright red color and this indicates the presence of lithium. Some specimens are fluorescent orange in long-wave UV light. Associated Minerals include lepidolite, quartz, albite, elbaite, topaz, cassiterite, apatite, brazilianite, beryllonite, montebrasite, triphylite, lithiophilite and spodumene Notable Occurrences are Minas Gerais, Brazil; Montebras, France; Germany; Varutrask, Sweden; Sakangyi, Burma; Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. In the United States localities include Pala District of San Diego County, California; Newry, Hebron, Buckfield and Topsham, Maine; Taos County, New Mexico; Yavapai County, Arizona and the Black Hills area of South Dakota. Best Field Indicators are density, associations, environment, lithium flame test and especially the numerous cleavage angles. Colors: white or creamy, but can also be colorless or pale yellow, green, blue, beige, gray or pink Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Amethyst
Amethyst is used to overcome intoxication and addictions. It is used in spiritual work and dream recall. Extensively used for meditation. Amethyst provides common sense. Wear Amethyst to reduce anger and impatience. Amethyst contains the grounding color of red with the energy of blue. It helps to bring calmness when there is anxiety. Amethyst facilitates spiritual, mystic, and psychic activities. Excellent in helping with alcohol, food, sex, and other addictions. Eases compulsive and obsessive behavior. A useful detoxifier. Amethyst is enhanced when combined with Rose Quartz. Colors: violet, light to dark through iron inclusions Hardness: 7
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Ametrine
Disperses negativity from the aura. It assists in reaching higher states of awareness in meditation. A highly recommended Thunder Healing Reiki Stone! Ametrine is both Amethyst and Citrine. It contains the properties of both of those stones. This stone enhances equilibrium and provides a connection between the physical and the non-physical. It also balances male/female. Amethyst stimulates intellect, and is excellent in meditation and attunements. Ametrine can also help one to reach higher states of consciousness. Use Ametrine to enhance compatibility. Colors: violet, golden, translucent Hardness: 7
Ammonite
Protective stone, it aids in the birthing process and provides relaxation
Analcime
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Anapaite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1 Crystal Habits include characteristically indistinct prismatic crystals and aggregates Specific Gravity is approximately 2.8 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white Associated Minerals are limonite and vivianite Anapaite often forms in fossil clam shells, coal beds (rarely) or phosphatic geodes Notable Occurrences include Anapa (hence the name), Taman Peninsula, Russia; Kerch Peninsula, Crimea, Ukraine; Bellaver de Cerdena, Spain; Kings County, California, USA and Germany Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, localities, associations with fossils and phosphatic geodes and color Colors: green or white Hardness: 3.5
Anatase
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a square cross section terminated by a pinacoid. also massive and granular Cleavage is good in two directions Fracture is splintery to subconchoidal Specific Gravity is approximately 3.15+ (above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are cordierite, biotite, feldspars, quartz, kyanite and sillimanite Other Characteristics: dark inclusions produce cruciform shapes in the variety, chiastolite Index of refraction is 1.632-1.638. Notable Occurrences include Andalusia, Spain; Austria; California, USA and China Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, inclusions (if present) and hardness Colors: white, red, brown, orange and green. Hardness: 7.5
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Andalusite
Andalusite ( "The Seeing Stone" ) is used to calmly see the parts of one's character It is also used to see different sides of a problem or situation, and is used for scrying purposes Andalusite can enhance memory and recall and bring moderation and balance Physically, Andalusite is used in crystal healing, eye problems, deficiencies in calcium, oxygen, iodine, and water retention Andalusite is associated with the solar plexus and heart chakras Colors: brown-yellowish crystal, cruciform cross section Hardness: 6 to 7.5
Andradite
Luster is vitreous Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical rhombic dodecahedron Also seen is the 24 sided trapezohedron Combinations of these forms are common and sometimes the rare faces of the hexoctahedron, a 48 sided crystal habit that rarely is seen by itself, can also combine with these other forms making very attractive, complex and multifaceted crystals Massive occurrences are also common Commonly forms crust that shows many rhombic faces Cleavage is absent Fracture is conchoidal Specific Gravity is approximately 3.8+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white Associated Minerals are micas, chlorite, diopside and serpentine Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.89 (highest of the garnets) Notable Occurrences include Arizona; ural mountains in Russia; Italy and California Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, index of refraction and hardness. Colors: greenish gray to green but also black, yellow and rarely colorless Hardness: 6.6 to 7.5
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Anhydrite (Angelite)
This stone facilitates strength and allows understanding of the physical body as a transient vehicle. It guides and is helpful in examining future events. It helps develop stamina and provides loving communication with others with a different view. Protection, strength, and excellent for creative endeavors. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include the tabular, rectangular box formed by three pinacoids, often elongated in one direction forming a prismatic crystal. Most commonly massive and granular. Cleavage is in three directions forming rectangles, but perfect in one, very good in another and only marginally good in the third direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are calcite, halite, and occassionally sulfides such as galena and pyrite. Other Characteristics: some specimens fluoresce under UV light. Notable Occurences include Mexico; Peru; Germany and New Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, rectangular and non-uniform cleavage and low density. Colors: ordinarily white, gray or colorless but also blue to violet Hardness: 3.5
Anglesite
A white metallic mineral. Promotes sensitivity, gentleness, relaxation and tenderness. Luster is adamantine. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include the bladed or tabular crystals that are dominated by two large pinacoid faces top and bottom and small prism faces forming a jutting angle on every side. There are many variations of these faces and complex forms can occur. If the pinacoid faces become diminished or are absent, the resulting prismatic crystal has a rhombic cross section. Anglesite typically forms a flattened blade that juts out from a host rock and with what appears to be a steep dome termination but is actually two faces of another rhombic prism. Also forms crusts and is granular and massive. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, less so in two other directions. Fracture is conchoidal.
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Hardness is 2.5 - 3. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.3+ (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are galena, cerussite, barite and limonite. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.88+ (very high), some specimens fluoresce yellow under UV light. Notable Occurences include Tsumeb, Nambia; Australia; England, Mexico and Toussit, Morocco. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, high luster and color. Colors: colorless, white and yellow; also pale gray, blue and green Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Ankerite
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are commonly translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3. Crystal Habits generally are curved rhombohedral, can also be compact, granular and massive. Cleavage is perfect in three directions, forming rhombs. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.0 - 3.1 (average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Indices of refraction are 1.54 and 1.73. Crystals tend to be brittle and will dissolve in hydrochloric acid with some effervescence. Associated Minerals include sulfide ores such as pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena and other carbonates such as calcite, dolomite, rhodochrosite and siderite. Also found with quartz, albite and chlorite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Styria, Austria as well as the Homestake Mine, South Dakota and Calaveras County, California, USA; Chuhuahua, Mexico; Australia; New Zealand; Hungary; England; Transvaal, South Africa; Peru and Eastern Canada. Best Field Indicators are its crystal habit, hardness, cleavage, color and associations Colors: off-white, brown and gray; also yellow to orange. Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Annabergite
Luster is vitreous to adamantine to dull in massive or powdered forms. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
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Crystal Habits include flattened striated blades or radiating accicular crystals, but large crystals are extremely rare. More commonly as crusts or powdery masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is flaky. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 - 3.1 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale green or gray, in gray specimens. Associated Minerals are niccolite, skutterudite, gersdorffite and erythrite. Other Characteristics: Thin flakes are flexible. Notable Occurrences include Cobalt, Ontario; Lavrion, Greece; Humboldt, Nevada, USA; Sierra Cabrera, Spain and Germany. Best Field Indicators are color, softness, associations, and flexible crystals. Colors: bright apple green to pale green or gray in massive and thin crust forms Hardness: 1.5 to 2.5
Anorthite
Luster is vitreous to dull if weathered. Transparency crystals are translucent to opaque and only sometimes transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky, or tabular crystals. Rarely are free crystals seen but they have a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slanted dome and pinacoid terminations. Twinning is almost universal in all plagioclases. Crystals can be twinned according to the Albite, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno laws. Anorthite is usually found in contact metamorphic limestones and as a constituent in mafic igneous rocks. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.76 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are biotite, augite, hornblende and pyroxenes. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.575 to 1.591. Lamellar twinning may cause a grooved effect on crystal and cleavage surfaces that appear as striations. Notable Occurrences include Lake Co, California; Franklin, New Jersey and Italy. Best Field Indicators are occurence, twinning striations, density and index of refraction. Colors: white, gray or colorless but can be pale shades of other colors Hardness: 6 to 6.5
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Anthophyllite
Anthrophyllite crystallizes in layers of thin plates. It is used to teach one that the bonds, restrictions and constraints placed upon a person are self-imposed and easily discarded. It helps one to decide, with the heart, what is truly important. Luster is vitreous to dull or silky in fibrous forms. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic often aggregated crystals and fibrous, asbestos-like masses. Cleavage: is good in two directions at 56 and 124 degree angles forming wedge shapes fragments. Fracture is easy and splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.4 (average to slightly above average). Streak is gray. Other Characteristics: Weakly pleochroic and a blue schiller effect is seen in some specimens from Butte, Montana. Associated Minerals are talc, cordierite and phlogopite. Notable Occurrences include Butte, Montana; Delaware County, Pennsylvania; California; Arizona and Franklin County, North Carolina, USA; Ontario, Canada; Greenland; Kongsburg, Norway and Italy. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, fracture, cleavage, color, streak and hardness. Colors: us shades of brown such as yellow-brown, green-brown or brownish-gray, but also green, off-white or gray Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Antimony (Stibnite)
Protection and is conducive to meditation. It is the totem stone of the Wolf. Colors: gray; also in various shades of gray ranging from blue-gray, bluish steel gray or black Luster is metallic but the tarnish will often dull the luster. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include pseudocubic rhombohedral crystals. More commonly found massive, botryoidal, lamellar and radiating. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 6.6 - 6.7+ (heavy for a metallic mineral)
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Streak is tin-white to gray. Associated Minerals include sphalerite, stibnite and nickeline. Other Characteristics: Does not have a garlic odor. Notable Natural Occurrences include Chihuahua, Mexico; Wolfe Co., Quebec, Canada and Kern Co., California, USA. Best Field Indicators are density, softness, color, crystal habits, lack of smell and associations. Colors: tin-white to a steel gray which can tarnish to darker grays Hardness: 2
Antlerite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include small tabular crystals and acicular or fibrous crystal aggregates that form into coatings and tufts. Also found in veins and as reniform, massive or granular specimens. Cleavage is perfect in one direction and poor in another. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale green. Other Characteristics: Does not effervesce in hydrochloric acid and crystals can be vertically striated. Associated Minerals are limonite, brochantite, cuprite, malachite, gypsum, chalcanthite, atacamite and azurite. Notable Occurrences include Chuquicamata, Chile; Mexico and the Antler mine (from where it gets its name) and Bisbee, Arizona, Nevada, California, New Mexico and Utah, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, hardness, cleavage, non-reaction to hydrochloric acid and color. Colors: bright emerald green or dark green to almost black Hardness: 3.5
Apache Tear
The apache tear has projective qualities and helps in protection. Apache Tears are said to especially relieve grief and sadness as well as assisting in giving and accepting forgiveness.
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They can help release negative emotions, and they also can balance one's emotional state. They are good luck stones, said to bring good luck to anyone who has one. They are excellent meditation tools, especially for clarifying issues and gaining insight. Apache Tears are a gently grounding stone. Apache Tears are reputed to alleviate muscle spasms and eliminate toxins from the body. Colors: black, translucent; different color effects from traces of different metals such as iron, titanium, manganese Hardness: 7
Apatite (Blue)
Apatite stimulates thoughts and ideas. It increases intellect, imagination, and intuitive awareness. In meditation, it helps maintain focus, learning, concentration, clear thought, and communication. Apatite can enhance other crystals and stones. Apatite brings harmony and inner peace. Physically, it can assist with nails, allergies, arthritis, bones, muscles, and the nervous system. Apatite is primarily related to the throat chakra. Luster is vitreous to greasy and gumdrop. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m Crystal Habits include the typical hexagonal prism with the hexagonal pyramid or a pinacoid or both as a termination. Also accicular, granular, reniform and massive. A cryptocrystalline variety is called collophane and can make up a rock type called phosphorite and also can replace fossil fragments. Cleavage is indistinct in one basal direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.2 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are hornblende, micas, nepheline and calcite. Other Characteristics: An unusual "partially dissolved" look similar to the look of previously sucked on hard candy. Notable Occurrences include Durango, Mexico; Bancroft, Ontario; Germany and Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness and look Colors: typically green but also yellow, blue, reddish brown and purple Hardness: 5
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Apophyllite
Apophyllite refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals, minerals that include mica. Apophyllite is a powerful meditation tool. Apophyllite can also be used to activate/open the heart chakra, to energize a closed heart, and to stimulate joy. Apophyllite can be used for astral travel. It is excellent in raising the energy within an environment. This stone is useful in dreamwork. It is also good for connecting to the energy of the moon. Luster is vitreous to pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m; natroapophyllite is orthorhombic, 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include four sided prisms (with a square cross-section) truncated with either a steep four sided pyramid or a pinacoid termination or both. If the pyramids are missing, the crystals can look cubic. Rarely are the prisms missing, but if they are, crystals could appear octahedral because of the four sided pyramids. The faces of the pyramids do not lineup with the prism faces but with their edges, therefore the pyramid faces have four edges and appear diamond shaped instead of triangular like the pyramid faces of quartz. Rare tabular hydroxyapophyllite crystals are also known. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3 - 2.4 (lighter than most translucent minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Prism faces are striated lengthwise, some specimens are fluorescent and crystals will flake when heated. Associated Minerals are prehnite, quartz, heulandite, stilbite, natrolite, analcime, datolite, babingtonite, cavansite, calcite, idocrase, wollastonite, kinoite, gyrolite and many other zeolites. Notable Occurrences are extensive and include the Deccan Traps (ancient basalt flows) in India especially around Poona, also found in Christmas Mine, Arizona; Fairfax, Virginia; Upper Peninsula, Michigan; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Paterson, New Jersey and North Carolina, USA; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Isle of Skye, Scotland; Collinward, Northern Ireland; Mexico; Nova Scotia and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Canada; Iceland; Kongsberg, Norway; Harz Mountains, Germany and Sampo Mine, Takahashi, Okayama, Honshu, Japan. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, striations, associations, environment of formation, cleavage and luster on cleavage surfaces. Colors: clear, white, green, yellow, pink, violet or rarely brown Hardness: 4.5 to 5
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Aquamarine (blue beryl)

Aquamarine is a stone of courage. It assists with quick intellectual processing and it brings peace and shielding to the aura. Aquamarine calms communication issues and is good for protection at sea. Aquamarine is associated with the throat chakra. used for protection, it can relieve pain and bolster good health. Colors: translucent light blue to sea green Hardness: 7.5 to 8
Aragonite
Translucent purple-pink-brown hexagonal, or white needle crystals. Used for deep, peaceful meditation and to uplift emotional states. Also used for centering, patience under stress, and personal challenges. Balances yin and yang. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include twinned hexagonal prismatic crystals as well as a diverse assortment of thin elongated prismatic, curved bladed, steep pyramidal (spiked) and chisel shaped crystals. A branching tree, coral or worm-like delicate form is called "flos ferri". Can also be compact, granular, radially fibrous and massive. Its massive forms can be layered, coralloid, pisolitic, oolitic, globular, stalachtitic and encrusting. Aragonite is a constituent of many species' shell structures. A layered sedimentary marble like formation is called Mexican Onyx and is used for carvings and ornamental purposes. Calcite pseudomorphs of aragonite crystals and formations are common. Cleavage is distinct in one direction (pinacoidal). Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.9+ (average for non-metallic minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: aragonite effervesces easily in cold dilute hydrochloric acid, is strongly birefringent, is fluorescent and its refractive index is 1.7. Associated Minerals include gypsum, barite, smithsonite, malachite, calcite, serpentine, sulfur, celestite, zeolites, quartz, clays, dolomite, limonite, chalcopyrite and wulfenite among many others. Notable Occurrences include Aragon, Spain (its type locality and from where it gets its name); Morocco; Bastennes, France; Girgenti, Sicily; Alston Moor and Cleator Moor, Cumberland, England; Baja California, Mexico (Mexican Onyx); Tsumeb, Namibia; Carinthia, Austria;
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Leadhills, Scotland; Harz Mountains, Germany and in several localities in the Southwestern United States. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, single plane of cleavage and reaction to acid. Colors: white, yellowish, red-brown, brown Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Arsenic
Luster is metallic but the tarnish will often dull the luster dramatically. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include rare pseudocubic rhombohedral crystals and acicular radial aggregates. More commonly found in fine grained masses with concentric bands or botryoidal crusts. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal), but rarely visible. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 5.4 - 5.9+ (somewhat heavy for a metallic mineral) Streak is black. Associated Minerals include silver, dyscrasite, barite, cinnabar and nickeline. Other Characteristics: Will often have a garlic odor and is poisonous. Notable Natural Occurrences include Vosges, France; Kongsberg, Norway; Saxony and Harz Mountains, Germany; Honshu, Japan; England; Italy and Santa Cruz Co., Arizona and New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are tarnish, density, softness, crystal habits, color, garlic smell and associations. Colors: tin-white which quickly tarnishes to dark gray or black Hardness: 3 to 4
Arsenopyrite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a diamond cross section terminated by either a steep dome (actually two of the four faces of a prism) or a less inclined dome, also short stubby crystals doubly terminated with domes. Twinning is common, often bending the crystal and sometimes forming crosses, x's or stars. Cleavage is distinct in two directions forming prisms.
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Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.1+ (heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is dark gray to black Other Characteristics: Striations on dome faces, bitter smell when powdered or broken. Associated Minerals are gold, siderite, pyrite and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include Kyushu Island and Iname, Japan; Cornwall, England; Bolivia; Freiberg, Germany; Wawa area of Ontario, Canada and Valais, Switzerland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, smell when struck, color and luster. Colors: brassy white to gray Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Arsentsumebite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include tabular crystals that can form twinned trillings and also as crusts. Cleavage: None. Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.4 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is green. Associated Minerals include azurite, cerussite and smithsonite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Tsumeb, Namibia and a few other sites. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, associations, density and color Colors: green Hardness: 3
Arthurite
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include prismatic to acicular crystals and globular aggregates and crusts. Cleavage is not observed. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 - 3.2 (average for translucent minerals). Streak is green. Associated Minerals are pharmacosiderite, beudantite and other secondary arsenate minerals. Notable Occurrences include Calstock, Cornwall, England; Atacama Province, Chile and
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Majuba Hill, Nevada, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, streak and associations Colors: apple green to emerald green Hardness: 3 to 4
Artinite
Luster is silky to fibrous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include radiating spherical aggregates of acicular to fibrous crystals. Specific Gravity is 2.0 (very light) Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is fibrous. Streak is white. Associated Minerals include serpentine, hydromagnesite, talc and olivine. Notable Occurrences include San Benito Co., California and Long Island, New York, USA and Campo Franscia, Lombardia, Italy. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, color, associations, softness and density. Colors: white or colorless. Hardness: 2
Astrophyllite
Luster is vitreous or submetallic to metallic, can be pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include small tabular or bladed crystals often grouped in starlike aggregates. Also found in lamellar massives. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 3.3 - 3.4 Streak is yellowish white. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, nepheline, micas and aegirine. Other Characteristics: color is often patchy or heterogenous in distribution. Notable Occurrences include Kola Peninsula, Khibina, Russia; Colorado, USA and Mt St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada.
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Best Field Indicators brittleness, cleavage, color, luster and localities Colors: golden yellow or yellowish brown, but also greenish brown specimens are found Hardness: 3
Atacamite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits include slender striated crystals that can be accicular to fibrous. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.75+ (above average) Streak is pale green. Associated Minerals include limonite, chyrsocolla, brochantite, pseudomalachite, connellite, linarite, caledonite, libethenite, cornetite, cuprite and malachite. Other Characteristics: crystals are vertically striated. Notable Occurrences include Atacama Desert, Chile; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; Wallaroo, Australia; Mexico and Pinal County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and localities Colors: dark green Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Augelite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tiny to microscopic tabular or platy crystals with an overall triangular aspect or larger equant complex crystals and found massive. Cleavage is good in two directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7 (average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include andalusite, lithiophilite and triphylite and other phosphates. Notable Occurrences include the Vestana Mine, Nastum, Skane Sweden; Oruro, Bolivia; Rapid Creek, Yukon Territory, Canada; White Picacho district, Arizona; North Groton, New Hampshire; in the Black Hills region of South Dakota and especially at White Mountain, Mono County, California, USA.
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Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, localities and cleavage. Colors: colorless, white or pale shades of yellow, blue, pink or rose Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Augite
Green to black. Is associated with prosperity, success, good fortune and luck. It helps us to be at the right place at the right time. Luster is vitreous to submetallic and even dull. Transparency crystals are transparent to mostly translucent or opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include short prismatic, rarely tabular crystals. The square cross section is distinctive in the prismatic crystals. Also compact, granular, columnar, lamellar and fibrous (rare). Cleavage is perfect in two lengthwise directions at close to right angles. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 - 3.6 (slightly above average) Streak is greenish white. Other Characteristics: The basal parting is prominent. Associated Minerals are olivine, biotite, nepheline, albite, apatite, serpentine, leucite and hornblende. Notable Occurrences include Grand Co, Colorado, St. Lawrence Co., New York and Tillamook, Oregon, USA; Eifel, Germany; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; France and the Bohemian regions of Europe. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color, parting and cleavage. Colors: dark green, brown and black Hardness: 5 to 6
Aurichalcite
Luster is silky to fibrous or pearly on more massive specimens. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 2 2 Crystal Habits include radiating tufts of acicular crystals. also encrustations of fiberous or lamellar masses. Specific Gravity is 3.6 - 4 (above average for non-metallic minerals) Cleavage is perfect in one direction.
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Fracture is uneven or fiberous. Streak is white to pale shades that depend on color. Associated Minerals include limonite, smithsonite, azurite, malachite, rosasite and calcite. Other Characteristics: effervesces easily in cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences include Bisbee, Arizona; Laurium, Greece; Tsumeb, Namibia and Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, color, associations, softness and reaction to acid. Colors: grass green but varies from white to green to greenish blue to light Hardness: 3.5 to 6
Austinite
Green. Is said to foster courage, daring, new beginnings and adventures. It is protective of those who are young and free and willing to take a chance. Luster is sub-adamantine or silky. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include acicular or bladed crystals in druses, radial aggregates or crusts, also fibrous. Cleavage is perfect in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.1 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white to pale green. Associated Minerals are adamite, legrandite, limonite, smithsonite, aragonite and other oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurrences include Mapimi, Mexico; Tsumeb, Namibia and Toole Co., Utah, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, color, luster, density, lack of fluorescence and associations. Colors: bright green, but also colorless, white or pale yellow Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Aventurine
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Adventurine is used to strengthen mental powers, eyesight, and the circulatory system in general. It help to alleviate headaches, improve general health, and sleep disorders. Adventurine can increase luck and Green Aventurine is a stone of prosperity. This "all-around luck stone" will enhance all areas of creativity and imagination, as well as intellect and mental clarity. Energetically, Adventurine is a gentle stone that gives a sense of calm and balance. Aventurine brings friendship. Colors: shimmering light green, sometimes with glittering inclusions of chrome mica, from which its color comes; the more light the stone receives, the more beautiful its colors are
Axinite
Axinite is a rare and unusual crystal that is a deep brownish red color. It is a tabular crystal, very wedge-like in form. This is a good crystal choice when going through change and transformation. It allows you to gracefully make the change required for personal growth. It is a very positive crystal that brings out the positive in everyone who encounters it. This stone aids friendships. Physically, Axinite treats disorders of the adrenal glands. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include flattened wedge shaped crystals, often with a spatula or knife-like shaped edge. Also as granular and as parallel bladed aggregates. Cleavage is good in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 - 3.4 (slightly above average for transparent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: crystals are heavily striated on some faces and manganese rich axinites have been known to be fluorescent red. Associated Minerals are diopside, andradite, quartz, calcite, epidote, scheelite and prehnite. Notable Occurrences include Madera Co., California and Franklin, New Jersey, USA; Baja California, Mexico; Bahia, Brazil; Switzerland; Obira, Japan; Cornwall, England and France. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, hardness, color and striations. Colors: lilac brown but also yellow, yellow-orange, gray, pale blue and even black Hardness: 6 to 7.5
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Azeztulite
Azeztulites are said to be among the highest vibrations in the Mineral Kingdom. Azeztulite quartz has strong synergistic connections with Phenacite, Moldavite, Danburite and Tanzanite. Also with Sugilite, Lapis, Charoite, Larimar, Rose Quartz, Amethyst, Seraphinite, Phenacite, Zincite, Labradorite, and Rhodochrosite Azeztulite is a stone with a very high energy vibration that is said to be from the Angelic realm. It is an ascension stone that is used in psychic and mystical work to raise one's vibration. Although Azeztulite is a type of quartz, it has much higher energy than regular quartz. Azeztulite is used in meditation to expand and raise consciousness and bring great Light energy to the meditation. This stone is also used by metaphysicians to help project positive energy to benefit self and other. Azeztulite is also used on the third-eye to assist in clairvoyant viewing of the future. This stone demonstrates no negative or neutral energy, but is truly positive in energy and never needs cleansing or reenergizing. Crystal healers consider azeztulite energies to remove energetic blocks and snarls, allowing full flow of energy and healing dis-ease of all types. Crystal healers also use azeztulite to assist in rapid but comfortable cellular regeneration and rejuvenation. Azeztulite is related primarily with the crown and soulstar chakras.
Azurite
This stone is used to increase psychic powers. Intuitively, Azurite stimulates the third eye while also stimulating the intellect, enhancing creativity, and bolstering self-confidence & love. Azurite is called the "stone of heaven." It aids in developing psychic awareness, psychic skills and abilities, enhances intuition, and is said to guide you to be accurate in depicting psychic experiences. It is also an excellent stone for meditation, allowing you to enter a meditative state easily. It can enhance prophesy and divination. Azurite is said to help control energy flow and bring just the right amount of energy to any situation. Physically, azurite is professed by folklore to be helpful for healing in general, cancer prevention, liver issues arthritis, joint problems, depression, sinuses, skin problems. Azurite is most closely related to the third eye chakra, and can balance, stimulate, and empower it. It will also work to align all of the chakras. Luster is vitreous to dull depending on habit. Transparency: Transparent if in thin crystals, otherwise translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m.
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Crystal Habits crystals are irregular blades with wedge shaped terminations. Also, aggregate crusts and radiating, botryoidal, nodular and earthy masses. Cleavage is good in one direction and fair in another. Fracture is conchoidal and brittle. Specific Gravity is 3.7+ (heavier than average). Streak is blue. Associated Minerals are numerous and include malachite limonite, calcite, cerussite, quartz, chalcopyrite, native copper, cuprite, chrysocolla, aurichalcite, shattuckite, liroconite, connellite and other oxidized copper minerals. Notable Occurrences include numerous localities worldwide, but special localities produce some outstanding specimens especially from Lasal, Utah; Bisbee, Arizona and New Mexico, USA; Mexico; Tsumeb, Nambia; Shaba, Congo; Toussit, Morocco; Australia and in many locations in Europe. Best Field Indicators are color, softness, crystal habits and associations Color: dark blue Hardness: 3.5 to 4 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Babingtonite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are generally opaque but thin crystals or splinters can be translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include short stocky prismatic crystals or tabular to platy forms. Cleavage is good in one direction and perfect in another, these are pinacoidal but are at near right angles to each other forming rectangular prisms. Fracture is uneven to subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (somewhat above average for translucent minerals) Streak is brown to gray. Associated Minerals are quartz, apophyllite, feldspars, heulandite, stilbite, scolecite and other zeolites. Other Characteristics: weakly magnetic. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; Devon, England; Baveno, Italy and several locations in Massachusetts. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations with zeolites and luster. Colors: black to dark green Hardness: 5
Bakerite
Luster is vitreous as crystals; dull to sub-vitreous (porcelaneous) for nodules and masses. Transparency crystals are opaque to translucent. v Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic, slanted (pseudo-rhombohedral) crystals and cauliflower-like nodules and compact masses. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Is non-fluorescent. Associated Minerals include celestite and other minerals in altered volcanic rocks. Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County and at the Sterling Borax Mine in Tick Canyon, Los Angeles County, California, USA. Best Field Indicators are locality, nodular character, hardness and non-fluorescence Colors: white, colorless or gray Hardness: 4.5
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Baratovite
Luster is pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic (pseudo-hexagonal); 2/m Crystal Habits include flattened pseudohexagonal crystals also massive and lamellar. Cleavage: perfect in one direction. Fracture: uneven Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: fluoresces brilliant blue under UV light. Associated Minerals include aegerine, misterite and other rare silicates. Notable Occurrences include Dara-Pioz, Tien-Shan Mountains, Tadzhikistan. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, fluorescence, cleavage, associations and locality. Colors: white with pinkish tints Hardness: 3.5
Barite
Barite is used to enhance loyalty, harmony, intermission, relationships, motivation. Barite is also used in dream work. Physically, Barite is used to cleanse toxins from the system and to soothe a nervous stomach. It is also helpful when dealing with addictions. Blue Barite is used to stimulate conversation as well as bringing courage and comfort when speaking in front of large groups of people. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include the bladed crystals that are dominated by two large pinacoid faces top and bottom and small prism faces forming a jutting angle on every side. There are many variations of these faces but the flattened blades and tabular crystals are the most common. If the pinacoid faces become diminished or are absent, the resulting prismatic crystal has a rhombic cross section. Also scaly, lamellar, and even fiberous. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, less so in another direction.
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Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are numerous but significant associations have been with chalcopyrite, calcite, aragonite, sulfur, pyrite, quartz, vanadinite, cerussite and fluorite among many others. Other Characteristics: green color in flame test (see above). Notable Occurences include Oklahoma, Connecticut and Colorado, USA; England and Germany. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, flame test and density Colors: white, gray, yellow, blue, pink, greenish; a translucent form is also sometimes found Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Bastnasite
Luster is pearly, vitreous, greasy to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include small hexagonal rounded flakes and short prismatic crystals, also in rosettes and spheres as well as massive and granular. Bastnasite has been known to replace (pseudomorph) crystals of allanite. Cleavage is distinct in one direction (basal) and poor in three directions (prismatic). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.7 to 5.0 (well above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are extensive and include albite, analcime, monazite, hematite, amphiboles, aegirine, rutile, rhodochrosite, ancylite-(Ce), calcite, apophyllite, cordylite, ashcroftine, fluorite, galena, donnayite, epididymite, apatite, serandite, zircon, elpidite, natrolite, pyrochlore, pyrophanite, astrophyllite, barite, brookite, leucophanite, lorenzenite, quartz, synchysite-(Ce), parisite, dolomite, strontianite, siderite and ankerite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Bastnas Mine, Riddarhyttan, Vastmanland, Sweden as well as Fen, Norway; Bayan Obo, Mongolia; Kangankunde, Malawi; Kizilcaoren, Turkey; langesundsfjord area, Norway; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Mountain Pass, California, USA; Hungary; Greece; several sites in the Balkans; Mont Saint-Hilaire mines, Ontario and Thor Lake deposits, Northwest Territories, Canada. Best Field Indicators: crystal habit, color, cleavage, density, luster and locality. Colors: pale white, tan, gray, brown, yellow and pink Hardness: 4 to 4.5
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Baumhauerite
Luster is metallic to dull. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Triclinic; bar 1. Crystal Habits include prismatic striated crystals with rounded faces; also in massive and granular forms. Cleavage: Indistinct. Fracture: Conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.3 (slightly heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is dark brown. Associated Minerals include dolomite, realgar and sartorite. Notable Occurrences are limited to the type locality of the Lengenbach Quarry, Binnental, Valais, Switzerland and Franklin, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, internal reflections, associations and density. Colors: bright lead gray, blue gray to gray black (internal reflections will flash a red color Hardness: 3
Bayldonite
Luster is resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include tabular crystals, radiating fibrous, granular and massive crusts. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Hardness is 4.5 Specific Gravity is approximately 5.5 (well above average for translucent minerals). Streak is green. Associated Minerals are duftite, mimetite, quartz, bindheimite, cerussite, wulfenite, mimetite, azurite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Penberthy Croft Mine and Wheal Carpenter Mine, St. Hilary and St. Day, Cornwall, England; Arizona, USA and Tsumeb, Namibia. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, streak, lack of cleavage, density, locality and associations Colors: green to yellow-green or yellow Hardness: 4.5
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Beudantite
Luster is vitreous, adamantine to greasy. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal: bar 3 Crystal Habits include blocky rhombohedrons, sometimes pseudo-cubic, and platy to tabular crystals. also as druses, crusts and earthy masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal), but not usually seen. Fracture is conchoidal. Hardness is 4. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 - 4.5 (heavy for non-metallic minerals). Streak is greenish yellow. Associated Minerals include mimetite, jarosite, conichalcite, anglesite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, descloizite, aegirine, hemimorphite, microcline, muscovite, arthurite, tetranatrolite and natrolite. Notable Occurrences include Tsumeb, Namibia; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; several mines in Arizona, USA; laurion, Greece and Australia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, color, streak, luster and hardness. Colors: green, dark green, yellow-green, orange-brown, brown or black Hardness: 4
Benitoite
Light to dark blue. Is associated with emotional sensitivity, empathy and understanding. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; bar 6 m 2 Crystal Habits include the flattened six faced dipyramid that has a distinct triangle shape often modified by minor faces. Also found as small grains. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is irregular. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.6 (above average) v Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Nearly all specimens fluoresce blue under UV light. Associated Minerals include serpentine, neptunite, natrolite, joaquinite, sanbornite, taramellite, albite and fresnoite. Notable Occurrences include only the mines of San Benito County, California, USA for good excellent crystals. SW Texas produces tiny grains in eocene sands as well as some other California localities. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, fluorescence, color, associations and locality Colors: blue, but also colorless and yellowish
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Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Beraunite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include acicular, tabular, encrusting or radiating fibrous crystals. Cleavage is good. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 (average). Streak is yellow. Associated Minerals include strengite, cacoxenite, strunzite, rockbridgeite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England; Ireland; Germany; Palermo Mine, New Hampshire and Pennington County, South Dakota, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, cleavage and streak. Colors: yellow, brown, red, green or yellow Hardness: 3 to 4
Berlinite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; 3 2 Crystal Habits include granular masses and disseminated grains. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.6 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white or gray. Notable Occurrences include the Vestana iron mine, Nastum, Sweden. Best Field Indicators are locality, color, absence of cleavage and hardness. Colors: colorless, gray to pink or rose Hardness: 6.5
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Berthierite
Luster is metallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include acicular, fibrous or radiating crystals. Cleavage is perfect in the lengthwise direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.6+ (average for metallic minerals) Streak is a dark brown. Other Characteristics: Crystals are not flexible. Associated Minerals include quartz, stibnite and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include France; Rumania; Colorado, USA; England and Germany. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, softness and inflexibility of crystals. Colors: brownish gray to dark brown Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Bertrandite
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; m m 2. Crystal Habits include tabular to platy crystals and some prismatic forms. Often aggregates formed over crystals of beryl. Twinning is common. Pseudomorphs of bertrandite after beryl are also common. Cleavage good in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.3-3.5 Streak is white to gray. Other Characteristics: Some specimens have fluoresced green under UV light. Associated Minerals are numerous and include of course beryl as well as quartz, albite, orthoclase, fluorapatite, micas, anatase, brookite, pyrite, fresnoite, analcime, calcite and cheralite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Petit-Port and Barbin, Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France as well as Akca Tau and Kara-Oba, Kazakhstan; Zabytoe, Primorie, Russia; Spor Mountain and the Brush Beryllium Mine, Juab County, Utah; Harding Mine, New Mexico; Texas and Pala District, San Diego County, California, USA; China; Cornwall, England; Mongolia; Norway and Mexico.
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Best Field Indicators include only one direction of cleavage, crystal habit, color, association with beryl and hardness. Colors: colorless, white and pale yellow Hardness: 6 to 7
Beryl
Beryl is used in healing and to promote energy. Beryl has been used to bring on rain. Beryl is great for energy work. This stone can increase retention of information and is a very good study aid. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits typically include the hexagonal prism with pincoid terminations. The terminations are often modified by many different pyramidal faces which can sometimes produce a rounded termination in the rough shape of a used pencil eraser. Cleavage is imperfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.6 - 2.9 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Faces on large crystals are often pitted, striated lengthwise and rough. Associated Minerals include micas, quartz, euclase, calcite, tourmalines and some feldspars. Notable Occurrences include Colombia and some African localities for emerald; Brazil, Russia and Pakistan for aquamarine; California, Brazil, Africa, and many other localities for other beryls. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, lack of good cleavage, hardness and color. Colors: colorless, golden yellow, yellow-green, white Hardness: 7.5 to 8
Beryllium
Is associated with altered states, meditation and cosmic consciousness.
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Beryllonite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent (especially when frosted). Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to equant crystals as well as rosettes and masses. Cleavage is good in one direction (basal), fair in several other directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.8 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include quartz especially rose quartz, feldspars especially a variety of albite called cleavelandite, elbaite, beryl and columbite. Notable Occurrences are limited to McKean Mt., Stoneham and Newry, Maine, USA; the Sapucaia pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Paprok, Nuristan, Afghanistan. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness and locality Colors: colorless, white to pale yellow Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Betafite
Luster is earthy to metallic and sometimes vitreous when translucent. Transparency: Crystals are generally opaque but some translucent specimens are known. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits typically include octahedral and dodecahedral crystals that are often modified by other isometric forms and/or flattened when two opposing faces dominate the crystal; also found as granular and massive. Some crystals can be quite large and can weigh up to and slightly over 100 kg. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.7 - 5.0 (heavy for non-metallic, average for metallic minerals). Extreme variation caused by variable composition of component metals. Streak is yellow to brown. Other Characteristics: Slightly radioactive and crystals/specimens are often coated with a yellow or green earthy coating. Associated Minerals include quartz, feldspars, columbite, tantalite, zircon, biotite, thorite, allanite, fergusonite and other rare earth minerals.
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Notable Occurrences include Betafo (hence the name), Malagasy Republic, Madagascar; Silver Crater Mine, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada and less noteworthy sites in Russia; Spain; Peru; Pakistan; India; China; Norway and Brazil as well as California, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster, fracture, color, radioactivity, associations, environment and specific gravity. Colors: black with a tint of yellow, brown or green Hardness: 4 to 5.5
Bideauxite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include cubic crystals that envelope boleite crystals and often completely replace them. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 6.3 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction equals 2.192 (very high). Associated Minerals include boleite, matlockite, cerussite, anglesite, leadhillite and galena. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Mammoth-St Anthony Mine, Tiger, Pinal County, Arizona, USA and Chile. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, luster, lack of cleavage and locality. Colors: colorless, white, pale violet to lavender Hardness: 3
Biotite
Biotite encourages detoxification of the body. Applied on the body is used to ease the pain caused by problems such as sciatica, rheumatism and gout. it is particularly popular as a protective and energizing stone during childbirth. Biotite reduces tension, stimulates the metabolism, and promotes the purification of the body. It also encourages intuition and creativity. It is helpful in the treatment of stress related disorders such as insomnia, depression, and melancholy. Biotite disks and up all chakras.
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They are particularly relaxing when placed on the navel chakra and the third eye. Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals with a prominant pinacoid termination. Biotite's four prism faces and two pinacoid faces form pseudo-hexagonal crystal "books". The sides of the crystal often tend to tapper and can have a "hard candy that has been sucked on, look". Also as lamellar or granular rock forming masses providing the luster for most schists and gneiss. Cleavage is perfect in one direction producing thin sheets or flakes. Fracture is not readily observed due to cleavage but is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.4+ (slightly above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, apatite, calcite, hornblende, garnets and schorl. Other Characteristics: cleavage sheets are flexible and elastic, meaning they can be bent and will flex back to original shape. Notable Occurrences include Bancroft and sudbury, Ontario; Sicily; Russia and many other localities around the world. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, cleavage, elastic sheets and associations. Colors: black with silver-gray mica Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Bismuth
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include mostly massive foliated forms in natural specimens, although there do exist some well formed natural crystals they are rather scarce. Laboratory grown crystals display trigonal hopper crystals that appear pseudocubic. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal) Fracture is uneven or jagged. Specific Gravity is 9.7 - 9.8 (unusually heavy even for metallic minerals) Streak is silver to white. Other Characteristics: striations on cleavage surfaces. Associated Minerals include bismuthinite and ores of cobalt and silver found in hydrothermal veins such as cobaltite and acanthite. Notable Natural Occurrences include Australia; San Baldomero and La Paz, Bolivia; Devon, England; Germany and South Dakota, Colorado and California, USA. Best Field Indicators are tarnish, density and cleavage. Hopper crystals in laboratory specimens are unmistakable.
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Colors: silver white often with a multi-colored iridescent tarnish Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Bismuthinite
Luster is metallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include radiating acicular to prismatic columnar crystals. Sometimes in wonderful sprays that are similar to stibnite's crystal habits. Also granular and massive. Cleavage is perfect in one lengthwise direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.8 - 7.2 (well above average for metallic minerals) Streak is gray. Other Characteristics: Thin crystals are slightly flexible, but inelastic. There maybe a slight yellow or iridescent tarnish present. Crystals are usually striated and have some sectility. Associated Minerals are numerous and include gold, bismuth, bismutite, quartz, andradite, chrysoberyl, almandine, barite, scheelite, pyrophyllite, kettnerite, wulfenite, gadolinite, wolframite, beryl, epidote, microcline, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, covellite and several other sulfides. Notable Occurrences are many and include Cornwall, England; Bolivia; Australia; Temiscaming County, Quebec, Canada; Guanajuato, Mexico; Brazil; Kingsgate, New South Wales, Australia and some excellent locations in Vogtland and Siegerland, Germany. From the United States there are several localities in Haddam, Connecticut; Beaver County, Utah; Kern County, California; several counties in Arizona and in Boulder County, Colorado. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, tarnish, softness and flexibility. Colors: steel gray to off-white Hardness: 2
Bixbyite (Red Beryl)

Bixbite is known metaphysically as a stone of soothing and healing. It is used by intuitives and mystics to bring harmony to relationships and enhance compatibility. It is also said to be helpful to heal griefs and depressions. Bixbite is also used to strengthen creativity energy.
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Physically, intuitive sources say that bixbite is good for healing problems with the physical heart, liver, lungs, mouth, throat, stomach, physical energy level, and digestive system. Bixbite is related to the heart and sacral chakras. Luster is metallic to submetallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 2/m bar 3 Crystal Habits include cubes often with octahedral and dodecahedral faces modifying the corners. Also as massive and granular. Cleavage is octahedral. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.9 - 5.0 (slightly above average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals include beryl, quartz, spessartine, hematite, pseudobrookite, hausmannite, braunite and topaz. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Thomas Range, Utah; San Luis Potosi, Mexico; northern Patagonia, Argentina; Gerona, Spain; India; Sweden and South Africa. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, hardness, associations and locality. Colors: dark black Hardness: 6.5
Blizzard Stone
This stone helps protect the body's magnetic fields.
Blodite
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a green chalcedony jasper flecked with red spots of iron oxide. This is a stone of protection. It can open doors and break the bonds. Bloodstone is the "hero's stone." It instillS courage.
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Bloodstone is a healing stone, balancing the root, sacral, navel, and heart chakras and is used to purify the blood and increase life force energies. This stone used to be called hematite a very long time ago. Hematite can revitalize love, relationships, and friendships.
Boji Stones (Kansas Pop Rocks)

Boji Stones are an Iron-magnetite concretion. They round grey/brown round disks that are high in iron. These stones are used in grounding and have electromagnetic properties. Boji Stones balance the body's energy field and sometimes they can reduce pain by holding one stone in each hand. These stones recharge electrically in the sun.. Store Boji Stones apart from one another as their magnetism can neutralize them. Rough "male" and smooth "female" stones both have positive and negative charges.
Boleite
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are usually translucent but some exceptional specimens are transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4 2 2 Crystal Habits include a pseudocubic habit due to penetration twinning of three individual "twins" oriented perdendicular to each other. Often the crystal will appear to be modified by octahedron faces (actually pseudo-octahedral tetragonal dipyramids). The cubes are rarely over half an inch on each side. Individual twinned crystals are common and are often found loose without any host matrix. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. v Fracture is uneven and brittle. Specific Gravity is 5+ (rather heavy for translucent minerals). Streak is light greenish-blue. Other Characteristics: Notches or interpenetrant angles can be seen in some specimens revealing their true twinned nature. Associated Minerals include other rare copper and lead chlorides such as pseudoboleite, cumengite, chloroxiphite, paralaurionite, matlockite, chlorargyrite, bideauxite, atacamite, mendipite and diaboleite. Also found with cerussite, smithsonite, leadhillite, linarite, phosgenite and chrysocolla. Boleite crystals are often loose, but some are found in a clay matrix. Notable Occurrences include Boleo, Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico; Broken Hill, New
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South Wales, Australia; Mammoth District, Arizona, USA and Mendip Hills, Somerset, England. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, streak and locality Colors: deep blue almost black to a lighter indigo blue Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Boltwoodite
Luster is vitreous to silky or pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Monoclinic. Crystal Habits are limited to crusts and tufts of fine acicular crystals often found on uranium bearing sandstones. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.6 - 4.3 depending on the amount of water (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale yellow. Associated Minerals are uraninite and other primary uranium minerals. Other Characteristics: Strongly radioactive. Notable Occurrences are limited to Pick's Delta mine, San Rafael Swell, Emory Co., Utah and Coconino County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are environment of formation, luster, color, locality and of course radioactivity. Colors: yellow to pale yellow Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Boracite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m , isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m at high temperatures. Crystal Habits include highly modified cubes and octahedrons which are actually pseudomorphs of the high temperature isometric phase. Also massive, fibrous, nodular and as embedded grains. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven or conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.0 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white.
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Other Characteristics: Slightly soluble in water. Associated Minerals are anhydrite, gypsum, halite and other evaporite minerals. Notable Occurrences include Yorkshire, England; Strassfurt, Germany; Bolivia; Chactaw Salt Dome, Louisiana and Otis, California, USA and France. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, locality, lack of cleavage and the high hardness. Colors: to colorless and with pale tints of yellow, green and blue Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Borax
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the blocky to prismatic crystals with a nearly square cross section. Also massive and as crusts. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.7 (very light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are calcite, halite, hanksite, colemanite, ulexite and other borates. Other Characteristics: a sweet alkaline taste, alters to chalky white tincalconite with dehydration. Notable Occurrences include Trona, Boron, Death Valley and other California localities; Andes Mountains; Turkey and Tibet. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, locality, density and hardness Colors: white to clear Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Bornite
A metallic mineral with a purple tarnish. Is associated with peace, social justice, goodness, fairness, truth and equality. It fosters caring on a worldwide scale, teaching us to be concerned with the welfare of all beings on earth.
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Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m above 228 degrees celsius but below this temperature its structure becomes less symmetrical possibly tetragonal; bar 4 2/m. Crystal Habits include rare distorted cubes and even more rarely dodecahedrons and octahedrons. Most common habit is massive or disseminated grains. Cleavage is very poor, octahedral. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.9 - 5.3 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is a gray black. Other Characteristics: The tarnish that occurs on fresh surfaces can form in only hours and will become black over time. Associated Minerals are magnetite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, covellite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and other sulfides. Notable Occurences include Bristol, Connecticut, Butte, Montana, Plumas Co., Colorado and Superior, Arizona, USA; Cornwall, England; Rhineland, Germany; Tsumeb, Namibia; South Africa; Morocco; Bolivia; Chile; Peru and Mexico. Best Field Indicators are lack of good crystals, tarnish, streak, color of fresh surfaces and associations. Colors: brown to black with a typical purplish-bluish tarnish, a reddish bronze color on freshly broken surfaces Hardness: 3
Botswana Agate
This agate is used in oxygen therapy and smoke inhalation. It is also used for protection, it increases physical strength, and enhances stamina and endurance.
Boulangerite
Luster is either metallic or silky. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include dense or sparse felted masses of acicular crystals. Also in fibrous and compact plumose (feathery) masses.
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Cleavage is good in one direction parallel to the length. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 5.8 - 6.2 (heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is gray to brown. v Associated Minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, siderite, quartz and arsenopyrite. Other Characteristics: Crystals are flexible. Notable Occurrences include Trepca, in the former Yugoslavia; Pribram, in the former Czechoslovakia; Sala, Sweden; Hunan, China; Harz, Germany; Baja California, Mexico and at several locations in Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Washington and Nevada, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, flexibility, associations, color and luster Colors: blue lead gray to gray Hardness: 2.5
Bournonite
Luster is metallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals. Twinning is common and if repeated forms flat wheel shaped crystals called cog wheels. Also massive and granular. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.8 (above average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals are siderite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, calcite and pyrite. Other Characteristics: although the luster can be bright, bournonite develops a dull tarnish. Crystals are usually striated on their sides which produces the "teeth" of the cog wheel. Notable Occurrences include England; California, USA; Mexico; Peru and Australia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit (especially twinning), color and density. Colors: silver gray or black Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Brass
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Luster is metallic. Transparency: Specimens are opaque. Crystal System is isometric. Crystal Habits are limited to tiny grains. Cleavage is absent. Specific Gravity is 8.4 - 8.7 (man-made brass) Streak is brassy brown. Notable Occurrences are limited to two localities in Siberia, Russia; Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka and Vol'sk-Vym Ridge, Middle Timan. Best Field Indicator is color, locality, density and rarity. Colors: yellow to brassy yellow
Brazilianite
Brazilianite is a very rare healing stone from Brazil. It is used in the treatment of disorders of the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord. This stone is also used to treat nerve tissue damage caused by pollution. Brazilianite also helps solve psychological problems by giving the wearer positive energy. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include complex short prismatic and wedge shaped crystals that seem to lack any symmetry. Crystals are very common, and massive examples are almost unknown. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals are striated and the index of refraction is 1.60 - 1.62 Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, muscovite and primary and secondary phosphates associated with phosphate rich pegmatites. Notable Occurrences include Conselheiro Pena and other mines in Minas Gerias, Brazil and Smith Mine, Newport, New Hampshire. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habits, low density and cleavage. Colors: yellowish to light green Hardness: 5.5 to 6
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Brecciated Jasper
Brecciated Jasper (sometimes spelled brecceated jasper or bracciated jasper) enhances organization and helps to create relaxation. It is used in dowsing activities. This stone helps align the chakras and balances yin and yang, as well as the physical and the emotional components of the self. It is also a stone of protection, and is used in astral travel. Brecciated jasper encourages attunement and communication with animals. It brings happiness and a healthy outlook on life while it also eases stress. Brecciated jasper can help increase physical endurance and ward off dehydration. It is also a good stone for grounding and is associated with the root chakra. Brecciated Jasper is sometimes referred to as Poppy Jasper Poppy Jasper is the reddish variation of brecciated jasper. It enhances organizational skills, increases relaxation, and gives a sense of wholeness. This stone is also occasionally used to assist in dowsing activities.
Brochanite
Luster is vitreous to pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include acicular or fibrous crystals aggregated into coatings and tufts as well as small tabular crystals and reniform, massive or granular specimens. Terminations tend to be rounded or dome-like. Twinning is common and gives an orthorhombic look to larger crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction nearly perpendicular to length. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is green. Other Characteristics: Does not effervesce in hydrochloric acid. Associated Minerals are limonite, cuprite, chrysocolla, cyanotrichite, malachite, langite, posnjakite and azurite. Notable Occurrences include numerous locations in Chile; Ural Mountains, Russia; England; Italy; Romania; Zaire and several locations in Arizona, Nevada, California, New Mexico and Utah, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, hardness, cleavage, non-reaction to
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hydrochloric acid and color. Colors: bright emerald green or dark green to almost black Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Bronze
Is associated with relaxation, serenity, calmness. Helps promote a laid-back attitude.
Bronzite
Bronzite is called a "Stone of Focused Action" and a "Stone of Courtesy". It is used to ascertain certainty and with taking control of situations. Bronzite helps dispel uncertainty. It is a good grounding stone. Physically, Bronzite is used in the assimilation of iron, in lessening muscular tension, and in dispelling restlessness caused by emotional and psycho-physical ailments. Also, Bronzite brings inner peace, removes stress, protects against depressive moods and works favorably on the psyche. Colors: Bronze colors with silvery traces Hardness: 5 to 6
Brookite
Luster is adamantine to submetallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical tabular to platy crystals with a pseudohexagonal outline.
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Magnet Cove specimens tend to be more equant with complex facets. Cleavage is poor prismatically and in the basal direction. Fracture is subconchoidal and uneven. Specific Gravity is 3.9 - 4.1 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is light brown to white. Associated Minerals include anatase, rutile, quartz, feldspars, chalcopyrite, hematite and sphene. Notable Occurrences include Magnet Cove, Arkansas, Butte, Montana, Somerville, Massachusetts and Ellenville, New York, USA; Eicham, Austria; Tremadoc, Wales, England; Ural Mountains, Russia and at St. Gotthard, Switzerland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster, density, streak, associations and locality. Colors: dark brown to greenish black Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Brucite
Luster is vitreous or waxy; cleavage surfaces have a pearly luster. Transparency Crystals are translucent and rarely transparent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habit is typically in flattened tabular crystals with rare rhombohedral terminations. Also found in lamellar and fibrous aggregates and as foliated masses. Brucite has been known to pseudomorph crystals of periclase. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.4 (slightly below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: cleavage flakes and fibers are flexible but not elastic. Associated Minerals are calcite, wollastonite, nepheline, talc, aragonite, serpentine, chromite, dolomite, magnesite, periclase and other magnesium minerals. Notable Occurrences include Unst, Shetland Islands, England; Aesbestos, Wakefield and Black Lake, Quebec, Canada; Accost, Italy; Brewster, New York, Wood's Mine, Texas, Gabby, Nevada, Crested, California and Barks Co., Pennsylvania, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster (especially on cleavage surfaces), lack of soapy or greasy feel and flexible but inelastic flakes and fibers. Colors: white or colorless with shades of gray, blue and green Hardness: 2 to 2.5
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Buergerite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is Trigonal; 3 m Crystal Habit is typically elongated three sided prisms. The terminations can be either a simple to complex trigonal pyramid or a flat basal face. The prism faces are striated lengthwise. In cross section, all tourmalines will appear predominantly triangular in shape with some crystals showing a hexagon. Doubly terminated crystals are hemimorphic meaning that the two ends of the crystal are not exactly alike. Massive specimens can also be found. Cleavage is absent although there is basal parting. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.3+ (slightly heavier than average) Streak: Off white. Other Characteristics: Pleochroic and piezoelectric. Associated Minerals include those commonly found in volcanic rocks. Notable Occurrences is mostly limited to San Luis Potasi, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, triangular cross-section, locality, environment, color and hardness. Colors: dark brown Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Burbankite
Luster is vitreous to dull or silky. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. v Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include small prismatic six and twelve sided crystals with pyramidal or pinacoidal terminations. Also as compact spherical aggregates and fibrous masses. Cleavage is distinct to imperfect in six directions (prismatic). Fracture is uneven. Hardness is 3.5 to 4. Specific Gravity is 3.5 (above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Some specimens have been known to fluoresce and rarely to exhibit an unusual color change from green (in daylight) to brown (in incandescent light). Index of refraction is 1.615 - 1.627. Associated Minerals are albite, calcite, donnayite, ilmenite, paranatrolite, pyrophanite, pyrite, sphalerite, astrophyllite, molybdenite, biotite, rutile, tetranatrolite, ewaldite, hilairite, anatase,
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andradite, barylite, catapleiite, cordylite, ancylite-(Ce), zircon, barite, analcime, synchysite-(Ce), natrolite and aegirine. Notable Occurrences are limited to Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec and Chapman Lake, Ontario, Canada; Khibina, Kola Peninsula, Russia and the type locality Vermiculite Prospects, Big Sandy Creek, Hill County, Montana, USA. Best Field Indicators: crystal habit, color, luster and locality. Colors: pale yellow, pale orange, beige, white and colorless with some color zoning Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Buttgenbachite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6 2 2. Crystal Habits include acicular to fibrous crystals arranged in tufts, layers or radial aggregates. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4 - 3.5 (slightly above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is blue. Associated Minerals include quartz and copper minerals. Notable Occurrence is limited to the Likasi, Shaba, now of the Congo and South Comobabi Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and locality. Colors: deep blue Hardness: 3
Bustamite
Bustamite has an energetic ability to remove and clear energy blockages. It is a very powerful stone for all types of energy work. It can remove an energy block from a person, a particular chakra, an environment, or a situation. It is also excellent for meditation and can help one go into deeper meditative states. It is also used in dreamwork. Bustamite is used often in ceremonies and initiations. Emotionally, bustamite helps one feel safe, and is very useful in removing anxiety and stress. Physically, bustamite has been used to heal and improve circulation, lungs, skin, nails, hair,
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and stress related disorders.
Bytownite
Luster is vitreous to dull if weathered.. Transparency crystals are translucent to opaque and only sometimes transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky, or tabular crystals. Rarely are free crystals seen but they have a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slanted dome and pinacoid terminations. Twinning is almost universal in all plagioclases. Crystals can be twinned according to the Albite, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno laws. Bytownite is usually found as grains in gabbros and in compact masses. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.74-2.76 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are biotite, hornblende and pyroxenes. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.565 to 1.585. Lamellar twinning may cause a grooved effect on crystal and cleavage surfaces that appear as striations. Notable Occurrences include Ottawa (formally Bytown), Canada; Scotland and South Africa. Best Field Indicators are occurence, twinning striations, density and index of refraction. Colors: white, gray or colorless but can be pale shades of other colors Hardness: 6 to 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Visit the 'Fluorite Site' Website! A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Cacoxenite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include acicular radiating crystals often as inclusions, also massive, globular, botryoidal and fibrous tufts. Cleavage is poor. Fracture is fibrous. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3 (below average). Streak is yellow. Associated Minerals include quartz, hematite, strengite, beraunite, rockbridgeite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England; Sweden; France; Hagendorf, Germany; Antwerp, New York; Pima County, Arizona; Indian Mountain, Alabama and Coon Creek Mine, Polk County, Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, density and streak. Colors: yellow-brown, brown, reddish-yellow, greenish-yellow or yellow Hardness: 3 to 4
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Calaverite
Luster is a bright metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic to more rarely tabular crystals that are often twinned into sharp bends, reticulated individuals and skeletal or arborescent formations. These are sometimes described as looking like writing. Also found as granular masses. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. v Specific Gravity is approximately 9.1 - 9.3 (very heavy even for metallic minerals). Streak is a yellow gray. Other Characteristics: Crystals tend to be deeply striated parallel to the prominent length. Associated Minerals include gold, quartz, celestite, fluorite, pyrite, nagyagite, sylvanite, krennerite and other rare telluride minerals. Notable Occurrences include Cripple Creek in Teller County, Colorado and Calaveras County (from where it gets its name), California, USA; Nagyag, Romania; Kirkland lake Gold District, Ontario and Rouyn District, Quebec, Canada and Kalgoorlie, Australia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, softness, color, luster, association with other tellurides and gold and lack of cleavage. Colors: silver white to brassy yellow Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Calciovolborthite
Luster is vitreous, pearly or dull. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habit is typically in druzy crusts and masses. Cleavage is none. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.8 (heavy for non-metallic minerals) Streak is pale green to gray. Other Characteristics: Some specimens may fluoresce under UV light. Notable Occurrences include Germany Best Field Indicators are color, locality, fluorescence (if present) and density. Colors: typically various shades of green
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Hardness: 3 to 4
Calcite
Calcite works well in helping one except change, it is also useful in channeling excess energy into creative endeavors.BR> Calcite increases and amplifies energy. It can be helpful in astral travel and in channeling. It also helps with increasing a person's intuition. All calcites are helpful in lessening fear and in reducing stress. Calcite is a protecting, purifying, grounding and centering stone, and can help bring inner peace. It also increases creativity, imagination, and prosperity. Calcite is also a stone of spirituality, wisdom and reconciliation. Calcite of different colors is great for using to open and balance the various chakras. Red calcite brings courage and inner strength and energy to handle survival situations, and benefits sensuality/sexuality. Orange calcite reduces chronic fatigue, and increases psychic abilities. Yellow calcite is also particularly good for Shamanic work, meditation, channeling, intuition, and amplifying energy. Green calcite also helps with manifestation, abundance, and intuition. Blue calcite is particularly good for channeling and increasing energy. Pink calcite (manganocalcite) is a stone of love and amplifies Reiki and other universal life force energies. Honey calcite is also very good for increasing energy. Optical calcite is beneficial for headaches. General calcite notes: This stone symbolizes clarification and mental growth. Because of its high calcium content it is an excellent stone for treating bone disorders and has a very beneficial effect on the formation of bone. Luster is vitreous to resinous to dull in massive forms. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits are extremely variable with almost any trigonal form possible. Common among calcite crystals are the scalenohedron, rhombohedron, hexagonal prism, and pinacoid. Combinations of these and over three hundred other forms can make a multitude of crystal shapes, but always trigonal or pseudo-hexagonal. Twinning is often seen and results in crystals with blocky chevrons, right angled prisms, heart shapes or dipyramidal shapes. A notch in the middle of a doubly terminated scalenohedron is a sure sign of a twinned crystal.
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Lamellar twinning also seen resulting in striated cleavage surfaces. Pseudomorphs after many minerals are known, but easily identified as calcite. Also massive, fibrous, concretionary, stalactitic, nodular, oolitic, stellate, dendritic, granular, layered, etc. etc. Cleavage is perfect in three directions, forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: refractive indices of 1.49 and 1.66 causing a significant double refraction effect (when a clear crystal is placed on a single line, two lines can then be observed), effervesces easily with dilute acids and may be fluorescent, phosphorescent, thermoluminescence and triboluminescent. Associated Minerals are numerous but include these classic associations: Fluorite, quartz, barite, sphalerite, galena, celestite, sulfur, gold, copper, emerald, apatite, biotite, zeolites, several metal sulfides, other carbonates and borates and many other minerals. Notable Occurrences include Pugh Quarry, Ohio; Rosiclare, Illinois; Franklin, New Jersey; Elmwood, Tennessee; Brush Creek and other Missouri, Wisconsin, Kansas and Oklahoma localities, USA; Andreasburg, Harz Mountains and Saxony, Germany; Brazil; Guanajuato, Mexico; Cornwall, Durham and Lancashire, England; Bombay area of India; Eskifjord, Iceland; many African localities as well as others around the world with their own unique varieties. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, reaction to acid, abundance, hardness, double refraction and especially cleavage. Colors: yellow, orange, pink, brown, green and blue, frequently translucent Hardness is 3 (only on the basal pinacoidal faces, calcite has a hardness of less than 2.5 and can be scratched by a fingernail).
Calomel
Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits are small tabular to pyramidal or horn-like crystals usually seen as coatings or crusts on other minerals. Cleavage is distinct in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 6.4 - 6.5 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluorescent red and crystals darken upon exposure to light over time. Associated Minerals include mercury, cinnabar, metacinnabar and other mercury minerals. Notable Occurrences include Almaden, Spain; Idria, Serbia; Hunan Prov., China and New Idria, California, Oregon, Terlingua, Texas, and Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are density, associations, fluorescence, hardness and crystal habit. Colors: white, gray or yellow
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Hardness: 1 to 2 (very, very soft)
Cancrinite
Luster is vitreous or pearly. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to more rarely transparent. Crystal System: Hexagonal; 6 Crystal Habits: Usually massive or granular. Some prismatic to columnar crystals are found. Cleavage is perfect, in three directions, prismatic, but rarely seen in massive specimens. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.4 - 2.5 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Will effervescence in warm hydrochloric acid. Associated Minerals include feldspars such as albite, biotite, hornblende, nepheline, sodalite and other feldspathoids. Notable Occurrences include Kola Peninsula, Russia; Iron Hill, Colorado USA; India; Finland and the Fen region of Norway. Best Field Indicators reaction to acids, associations, locality and hardness. Colors: yellow, orange, pink, white or blue Hardness: 5 to 6
Carbocernaite
Luster is vitreous to greasy. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include small subhedral grains. Cleavage is poor in several directions, but not usually seen. Specific Gravity is 3.5 - 3.6 (above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are albite, burbankite, bastnasite, ancylite-(Ce), cordylite, calcite, ankerite, sphene, monazite, rhabdophane, cerite, donnayite, synchysite-(Ce), pyrophanite and parisite. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Weishan deposit, near Jinan City, Shandong Province, China; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada and the type locality - Vourijarvi, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Best Field Indicators: crystal habit, color, luster and locality. Colors: pale yellow, white, rose, brown and colorless
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Hardness: 3
Carletonite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to less commonly transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prisms truncated with a pinacoid termination. The prisms are predominantly four sided but may display small secondary faces giving a slight octagonal cross-section. Phantoms are seen in some transparent crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal) and fair in four directions (pyramidal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.45 (slightly lighter than most translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Prism faces are striated lengthwise and dark blue crystals show strong pleochroism. Associated Minerals include rasvumite, tugtupite, aegirine, natrophosphate, sidorenkite, and other rare minerals. Notable Occurrences are limited to one location; the type locality of Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, color, pleochroism and locality. Colors: blue, white, colorless or pink. Color zoning is common Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Carnallite
Luster is vitreous to greasy, resinous or dull. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits are typically granular and massive, sometimes fibrous. Individual crystals are rare, but when seen are pseudo-hexagonal and tabular. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.6 (light even for translucent minerals). v Streak is white. v Other Characteristics: Bitter taste, deliquescent (meaning it can absorb water from the air), fluorescent and can color a flame violet (due to potassium). Associated Minerals include halite, anhydrite, dolomite, gypsum, kainite, kieserite, polyhalite,
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sylvite and other more rare potassium evaporite minerals. Notable Occurrences include Carlsbad, New Mexico; Western Texas; Colorado and Utah, USA; Strassfurt, Germany; Ural Mountains, Russia; Iran; China; Tunisia; Spain; Mali; Ukraine and Saskatchewan, Canada. Best Field Indicators are environment of formation, lack of cleavage, associations, density, deliquescence, fracture and taste. Colors: white, colorless or yellow; rarely blue, Hematite inclusions may color specimens reddish Hardness: 2.5
Carnelian
Carnelian signifies the male aspect of spirit. This stone is used for promoting peace, harmony, and to dispel depression. This stone can easily stimulates the sex drive. Usually, this stone is used on the lower three chakras. It is a stone of ambition and drive, and Carnelian is definitely a Power Stone! As this is an excellent career stone, it can be very helpful in making choices and decisions, especially in regard to interpersonal relationships. Carnelian is a very powerful ACTION stone for focusing, realization and actualization. Like Moss Agate, Carnelian stimulates analytical capabilities and precision. Carnelian activates and energizes personal power, revealing or discovering hidden talents. This stone protects from negative emotions and it is a wonderful antidote to rage, resentment, and bad tempers. (this is another Thunder Healing preferred stone) Colors: yellow, orange, red, brown, and all colors in between Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Carnotite
Luster is pearly to dull or earthy. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m v Crystal Habits include crusts, earthy masses, foliated and granular aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4 - 5 (heavy for translucent minerals), higher gravity with lower water content.
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Streak is yellow. Associated Minerals include other uranium and vanadium minerals in sandstones and limestones. Other Characteristics: Radioactive and not fluorescent. Notable Occurrences include many locations in Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Grants, New Mexico and Mauch Chunk, Carbon Co, Pennsylvania, USA; Shaba, Zaire; Morocco; Radium Hill, Australia and Kazakhstan. Best Field Indicators are bright yellow color, density, habit, lack of any fluorescence, radioactivity and associations. Colors: bright yellow Hardness: 2
Cassiterite
A tin oxide, usually brown or black. Less often red, gray or yellow. Cassiterite is said to promote productivity, practicality and organization. It empowers us in worldly endeavors and practical pursuits. Luster is adamantine or greasy. Transparency crystals are transparent in thin crystals otherwise opaque. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include eight-sided prisms and blocky or stubby crystals terminated by a blunt four-sided or complex pyramid. The prisms are composed of two four sided prisms with one of the prisms being dominant. Also thin acicular needles or blades are common. Can be massive, granular, fibrous and botryoidal. A concretionary form combined with quartz and hematite is called "wood-tin". Cleavage is good in two directions forming prisms, poor in a third (basal). Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 6.6 - 7.0+ (very heavy for non-metallic minerals) Streak is white, but at times brownish. Associated Minerals include, but are not limited to, tourmalines, molybdenite, bismuthinite, topaz, fluorite, arsenopyrite and wolframite. Other Characteristics: high refractive index of approximately 2.0. Notable Occurences include the La Paz and Colquiri areas of Bolivia; Cornwall, England; Durango, Mexico; Malaya; Indonesia; Russia and China. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, hardness, twinning and high index of refraction (luster). Colors: black or reddish brown or yellow Hardness: 6 to 7
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Cats Eye
Natural Cat's Eye (chrysoberyl)is a stone of good fortune and of good luck. It often brings serenity and happiness, along with optimism and generosity. A really wonderful stone to have around! It is used in emotional healing to bring forgiveness, balanced emotions, and self-esteem. Cat's eye can enhance creativity and kindness. Those born in August (like me) will be drawn to this stone. The Cat's eye can dispel depression.
Catapleiite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include pseudohexagonal plates or lamellar masses. Splendid rosettes are also known. Twinning is common. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is 2.8 Streak is white. Associated Minerals include feldspars, feldspathoids and Sphene among many rare species. Notable Occurrences include Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA; Madagascar; Laven, Langesundfjord, Norway and Mount Saint Hilaire, Quebec. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality and color. Colors: blue, gray, pale yellow, yellowish-brown, reddish or colorless Hardness: 5 to 6
Catlinite (pipestone)
Catlinite, also called pipestone, is traditionally used as a Native American ceremonial stone. It is often used for making pipes and other totems. Catlinite connects the spiritual and the physical. It is also a very protective stone. Catlinite is used for communication with spirits and ancestors.
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Catlinite is related primarily to the root (base) chakra.
Cavansite
Cavansite is a stone that is helpful in many psychic areas. It can stimulate intuition, heighten psychic awareness, stimulate the third eye, and enhance channeling. It is especially helpful in psychic healing and protects the healer during psychic healing sessions. Emotionally, cavansite dispels negative thoughts and beliefs, and inspires fresh new ideas. Cavansite is related primarily to the throat and third eye chakras. Luster vitreous to pearly. Transparency transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Orthorhombic Crystal Habits radiating acicular crystals forming spherical crystal clusters. Cleavage perfect in one direction. Fracture conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.33 Streak is blue. Associated Minerals include zeolites such as stilbite and heulandite as well as calcite, apophyllite , babingtoniteand quartz. Other Characteristics: larger crystals show an unusual internal reflection. Notable Occurrence is Poona, India and Columbia Co. and Malheur Co., Oregon, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, locality and crystal habit. Colors: greenish-blue to ocean blue Hardness: 3 to 4
Celestite
Celestite is very useful in mental tasks and activities that require concentration. This stone attunes one to other planes and is it used during out-of-body travels. Emotionally, celestite can help to end worry, fear, and anxiety. In this way it decreases negativity. Celestite is a great tool for meditation. It helps to focus on tasks at hand and helps to block out distracting "noise". Celestite purifies the aura. It is a stone that brings balance, especially to thought processes and communication.
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Celestite is associated with the throat and crown chakras. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include the bladed crystals that are dominated by two large pinacoid faces top and bottom and small prism faces forming a jutting angle on every side. There are many variations of these faces but the flattened blades and tabular crystals are the most common. If the pinacoid faces become diminished or are absent, the resulting prismatic crystal has a rhombic cross section. This habit is rather common in specimens from Madagascar. Also nodular, fibrous or granular. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, less so in another direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are calcite, gypsum, strontianite, sulfur and fluorite. Other Characteristics: red color in flame test (see above), some specimens fluoresce under UV light. Notable Occurences include Lake Erie region of Ohio, Michigan and New York USA; Madagascar; Sicily and Germany. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color and flame test. Colors: blue but can also be colorless, yellow and tints of red, green and brown Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Cerussite
Clear, gray, brown. Inspires contentment and a feeling of thankfulness. Luster is adamantine to almost submetallic and sometimes greasy. Transparency Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits twinning is common and expected (see above), single crystals can be prismatic with blunted pyramidal terminations. Some specimens show acicular white crystals. Also, reniform, earthy, and crusty varieties are found. Cleavage is not as good as other carbonates, but still considered good in one direction. v Fracture is conchoidal and brittle. Specific Gravity is 6.5+ (very dense for a generally transparent mineral). Streak is white or colorless. Other Characteristics: Refractive index of 2.07 (very high) and prismatic crystals are striated lengthwise.
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Associated Minerals are barite, calcite, anglesite, and other secondary minerals and especially galena. Notable Occurrences include Tsumeb, Nambia; Congo; Morocco; Australia; Germany and Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are its crystal habit (especially twins), heaviness, high refraction and luster. Colors: colorless or white, also gray, yellow, and even blue-green Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Chabazite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include blocky rhombohedral crystals that can look cubic (pseudocubic) because the angle between the faces is nearly 90 degrees. Aggregates form crusts and granular masses. Twinning is common with the penetration twin rotated around the c-axis. Cleavage is poor in three directions parallel to the faces of the rhombohedron. v Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.0 - 2.2 (very light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Unlike calcite, does not react to acids. Associated Minerals are quartz, calcite, scolecite, apophyllite, natrolite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; Berufjord, Iceland; Columbia Co., Oregon, Passaic Co., New Jersey and in Yellowstone Park, USA; Cumberland Co., Nova Scotia; New Zealand, Rhineland, Germany and Switzerland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit and symmetry, density, hardness, luster, lack of reaction to acids and associations. Color: clear, white, pink, yellowish, reddish and brown Hardness: 4 to 5
Chalcanthite
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Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1. Crystal Habits include rare, individual, natural crystals showing well formed slanted prismatic, tabular or lense-shaped forms, more commonly aggregated into columnar, curved, parallel growth structures. Also found as encrusting, stalactitic and granular masses and as vein filling deposits. Cleavage is poor (basal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 - 2.3 (noticeably below average). Streak is pale blue to colorless. Other Characteristics: Is very soluble in water. A fact that is a detriment to most collection specimens as they may absorb water from the air and deteriorate over time. The taste has a sweet metallic character, but do not do this test often or with more than just a tip-of-the-tongue technique and only if needed to confirm an identification as chalcanthite is poisonous! Associated Minerals are brochantite, calcite , melanterite, aragonite, malachite and chalcopyrite. Notable Occurrences include Chuquicamata and El Teniente (Sewell), Chile; Minas de Rio Tinto, Spain; England; Germany and Ireland and in the United States, Bigham Canyon, Utah; Ducktown, Tennessee; Imlay, Pershing County, Nevada; Arkansas; California; New Mexico and Arizona. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, low density, associations, solubility in water, taste and color. Colors: bright and deep blue Hardness: 2.5
Chalcedony
Chalcedony is receptive and promotes peace, protection, and is good for reducing or eliminating nightmares. Blue chalcedony is a stone with a gentle energy that feels "dreamy." It fosters balance between mind, body and spirit. It is a stone of calm and peace that reduces or negates hostility, anger, and irritation. Blue chalcedony soothes and fosters mental and emotional stability and can encourage emotional honesty. It also encourages and eases communication, particularly what would otherwise be emotionally charged communication. Blue chalcedony is excellent for psychic work and skills of clairvoyance, intuition, and energy healing. This is a good luck Stone for Cancer and protective stone for Sagittarius. Colors: almost white to light blue and grayish blue, often banded with stripes; it is also found as
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pink, red and copper colored Hardness: 7
Chalcocite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m below 105 degrees celsius and hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m above 105 degrees celsius. Crystal Habits include pseudohexagonal tabular to prismatic crystals often with a shallow pyramidal truncation with a flat point. Also found massive and compact. Twinning is common and sometimes results in a six pointed star shaped cyclic twin called a trilling or in elbow shaped twins. Cleavage is imperfect in two directions, prismatically. v Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.5 - 5.8 (above average for metallic minerals) Streak is shiny black to lead gray. Other Characteristics: Crystals are usually deeply grooved with lateral striations and a tarnish will tend to dull the luster of crystals over time. Associated Minerals are quartz, enargite, malachite, azurite, copper, cuprite, tetrahedrite, bornite, tennantite, chalcopyrite, covellite, pyrite and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include Bristol, Connecticut, Butte, Montana, Morenci and Bisbee, Arizona and Bingham Canyon, Utah, Ducktown, Tennessee, USA; Cornwall, England; Tsumeb, Namibia; Tuscany, Italy and Rio Tinto, Spain. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, striations, color and associations. Colors: dark gray to black Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Chalcophyllite
Chalcopyrite
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A brassy gold copper ore with a green tint. Enhances feelings of self-worth, confidence and belief in oneself. Luster is adamantine, vitreous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3. Crystal Habits include tabular to platy crystals and lamellar masses. Some specimens have been partially pseudomorphed by chrysocolla and appear much duller in luster. Cleavage: is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 - 2.7 (light for copper minerals). Streak is green. Associated Minerals include cornubite, tyrolite, cuprite, caledonite, malachite, chalcopyrite, chrysocolla, devilline and connellite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Chile; France; Germany; Wheal Gorland, Wheal Unity and other mines in Cornwall, England and Arizona, Utah and Nevada, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, locality, associations, density and color. Colors: blue-green to emerald green Hardness: 2
Chalcosiderite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to less often transparent. Crystal System is triclinic. Crystal Habits include tiny prismatic to tabular crystals and crusts. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 (slightly above average). Streak is green. Associated Minerals include malachite, libethenite, olivenite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include the Wheal Phoenix Mine, Cornwall, England; Seigen, Westphalia, Germany and Cochise County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, crystal habit, associations and perfect cleavage. Colors: green Hardness: 4.5
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Chalcotrichite
Luster is adamantine or submetallic to dull or earthy if massive. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; once thought to be 4 3 2 but now believed to belong to 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include the cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and combinations of these forms. Some display faces of the obscure gyroid form. A variety known as Chalcotrichite forms long needle-like crystals or fuzzy crusts. also massive. Cleavage is fair in four directions forming octahedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.0 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is brick red. Associated Minerals are limonite, copper, chrysocolla, malachite and other secondary copper minerals. Other Characteristics: Forms a surface film with long exposure to strong light. Crystals of cuprite are sometimes altered or partially altered to malachite and rarely copper. Notable Occurrences include Arizona, USA; Africa; Australia; Chile and several localities in Europe. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal form and softness Colors: red to a deep red that can appear almost black Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Charolite
Charoite is called a "Stone of Transformation" and is a stone of power. It transforms negative emotions such as anger and fear into positive feelings. As part of the transformation process, it allows release of negative emotions. Charoite is also a stone of inspiration, bringing enhanced creativity, spiritual growth, and showing new possibilities. Charoite can enhance courage and inner strength as well as assertiveness. In the psychic realm, chaorite is used for entity release or rescue work, clairvoyance, and prophesy. Colors: mauve-violet with layered structure, opaque Hardness: 6
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Chiastollite (cross stone)

Chiastolite is a variety of andalusite, also knows as the "Cross Stone" because of its cross pattern of naturally occurring colors. Chiastolite is a stone of balance and harmony. It can help with mental / emotional balance, stability, enhance problem solving, help in adapting to change, improve memory, and the ability to see all sides of a problem. Chiastolite can enhance spiritual awareness and harmony, as well as practical creativity. Psychically, chiastolite can be used to empower and enhance astral travel.
Childrenite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include equidimensional tabular, bladed or platy crystals. Aggregates include lamellar, parallel growth and fibrous habits. Cleavage is good in two directions at right angles. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 (slightly above average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include quartz, feldspars, lithiophilite, chlorite, pyrite, hureaulite and triphylite. Notable Occurrences include the classic George and Charlotte Mine near Tavistock, Devon and some mines in Cornwall, England; Custer, South Dakota, USA and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, localities and density. Colors: dark yellow, yellow-brown and brown. Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Chkalovite
Luster is vitreous to greasy.
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Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; m m 2. Crystal Habits include mostly equant (often complex) to prismatic forms. Cleavage indistinct in one direction. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.7 Streak is white. Associated Minerals are numerous and include many exotic species: Schizolite, murmanite, aegirine, natrophosphate, kalifersite, djerfisherite, vitusite-(Ce), albite, lomonosovite, lueshite, serandite, nefedovite, fluorcaphite, lovozerite, ussingite, steenstrupine-(Ce), mangan-neptunite, eudialyte, sphalerite and villiaumite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality; the eastern slope of Malyi Punkaruaiv Mountain in the Lovozero Massif of the Kola Peninsula, Russia as well as Langesundfjord, Norway; Ilimaussaq, Greenland and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators include crystal habit, color, associations, locality and hardness. Colors: colorless and white Hardness: 6
Chlorapatite
Luster is vitreous to greasy and gumdrop. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m Crystal Habits include the typical hexagonal prism with the hexagonal pyramid or a pinacoid or both as a termination. Also accicular, granular, reniform and massive. A cryptocrystalline variety is called collophane and can make up a rock type called phosphorite and also can replace fossil fragments. Cleavage is indistinct in one basal direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.2 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are hornblende, micas, nepheline and calcite. Notable Occurrences include Durango, Mexico; Bancroft, Ontario; Germany and Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness and look Colors: typically green but also yellow, blue, reddish-brown and purple Hardness: 5
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Chlorargyrite
Luster is resinous, silky or adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include very scarce cubes, more commonly massive, stalactitic, crusty and columnar. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.5 - 5.6 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals darken upon exposure to light and plastic, ductile and sectile, meaning it can be molded, pounded into different shapes and cut into slices. Associated Minerals include barite, calcite, stephanite, acanthite, native silver and other silver ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include Atacama, Chile; Harz Mountains, Germany; Treasure Hill and Comstock Lode, Nevada, Colorado and Silver City District, Idaho, USA; Bolivia; France; Italy; Spain and New South Wales, Australia. Best Field Indicators are color, luster, lack of cleavage, density, associations, ductility and crystal habit. Colors: colorless on fresh surfaces; pearly gray, brown or violet-brown Hardness: 1.5 to 2.5
Chlorite
Usually green, less often white, brown or black. A stone of the Goddess. Protective of women, nature and those who love and protect the wild places and animals. Luster is vitreous, dull or pearly. Transparency: Crystals are translucent transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits: Rarely in large individual barrel or tabular crystals with an hexagonal outline. Usually found as alteration products of iron-magnesium minerals and as inclusions in other minerals. Aggregates can be scaly, compact, platy and as crusts. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal; not seen in massive specimens. Fracture is lamellar. Specific Gravity is variable from 2.6 - 3.4 (average to slightly above average) Streak is pal green to gray or brown. Other Characteristics: Cleavage flakes are flexible but not elastic. Associated Minerals include garnets, biotite, quartz, magnetite, talc, serpentine, danburite, topaz and calcite, among many others.
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Notable Occurrences include Transvaal, South Africa; Zermatt, Switzerland; Guleman, Turkey; Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, Brewster, New York; San Benito Co., California, USA and many other locallities world wide. Best Field Indicators color, cleavage, associations and crystal habits. Colors: usually green but can also be white, yellow, red, lavender and black Hardness: 2 to 3
Chondrodite
Chromite
Luster is metallic to greasy. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include octahedrons often with dodecahedral faces modifying the edges of the octahedron to the point of rounding the crystal. Well formed crystals are rare and chromite is usually found massive or granular. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 4.5 - 4.8 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is brown. Other characteristics: Weakly magnetic and an octahedral parting is sometimes seen. Associated Minerals include olivine, talc, serpentine, uvarovite, pyroxenes, biotite, magnetite and anorthite. Notable Occurrences include several mines in North Carolina, Montana, Maryland, Oregon, Texas, California and Wyoming, USA also found in Turkey; South Africa; Philippines and Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, associations with ultra-basic minerals and parting. Colors: brownish black to a deep dark black Hardness: 5.5
Chromium
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Luster is metallic. Transparency: Specimens are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits are limited to granular specks and laboratory grown specimens. Specific Gravity is 7.21 (heavy for a metallic mineral). Associated Minerals include diamond, spinel, copper and iron. Notable Occurrences include the type locality in Sichuan, China as well as the Udachnaya (Lucky) pipe, Yakutia, Russia. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, hardness and density. Colors: white Hardness: 4
Chrysanthemum Stone
Nicknamed: "stone of Wealth & Honor," Chrysanthemum stone took shape in the result of severe geological changes in the Permian period 270 million years before (prior to Dinosaur Era.) Part of Chrysanthemum Stone consists of selenium, strontium, and bismuth. With black and white sharply contrasted, the chrysanthemum stone has a smooth nature and lifelike patterns. The quantity of Chrysanthemum stone available is very small, and as a result, the stone is very rare and its value is high. The Chrysanthemum stone with its flowery white patterns on a black background, occurs naturally in the Hunan region of China. It symbolizes longevity in Chinese lore.
Chrysoberyl
Chrysoberyl assists in striving for excellence, and to bring peace of mind and self-confidence. This stone sharpens the sight, protects the visual center in the brain, and combats squints and all kinds of eye inflammations. This stone takes away negative thoughts, making a person more far-sighted and able to see more clearly while making gentler and more kinder and tolerant decisions. Chrysoberyl symbolizes goodness and promotes tolerance and harmony. It also has a positive effect on relationships. Use Chrysoberyl to open up the solar plexus and heart chakras. This is the stone of Leo. Luster is vitreous.
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Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits: Crystals tend to be blocky and are often distorted by twinning effects that sometimes produce a psuedo-hexagonal cyclic twin. also granular. Cleavage is fair in one direction and poor in another. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.7+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include garnet, mica and feldspars. Other Characteristics: Pleochroic (different colors seen from different viewing angles), high refractive index (around 1.75). Notable Occurrences include the Ural Mountains, Russia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and Burma. Best Field Indicators include possible presence of twinned crystals, color, great hardness, and poor cleavage. Colors: golden to yellow green Hardness: 8.5
Chrysocolla
This is a gentle, soothing, and friendly stone. It is excellent for the Heart Chakra as it heals heart issues (loss, hurt). This mineral keeps one in light, love, and healing on a daily basis. High conductivity (from copper) draws out pain and heat (such as fevers, inflammations, arthritis). Chrysoberyl is used in the dream work. This is a stone found in shades of blue or green that is mined in Mexico, Zaire, Chile, USSR and the US. It slightly resembles Turquoise and its properties can be similar to it. Chrysocolla is associated with Taurus, Cancer, Aquarius, and Libra Luster is earthy to dull or vitreous and waxy. Transparency specimens are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is probably monoclinic or orthorhombic. Growth Habits include mostly massive forms that can be crusts, stalachtites and botryoidal. Also as inclusions in other minerals such as quartz. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is pronounced conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.0 - 2.3 (very light) Streak is white to blue-green. Associated Minerals are quartz, limonite, azurite, malachite, cuprite and other secondary copper minerals.
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Other Characteristics: may have an opal like appearance. Notable Occurrences include Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Pennsylvania, USA; Isreal; Zaire and England. Best Field Indicators are lack of crystals, color, fracture, low density and softness. Colors: turquoise blue to green Hardness: 2 to 4, depending on where it is found
Chrysoprase
This is a bright translucent green chalcedony. This stone uplifts the heart chakra. It produces greater flexibility, increase his wisdom, generosity, and self-confidence. More importantly, this stone can heal depression, excess self-focus, and unbalanced emotions and/or sexual function. Placed on got heart, neck, or on brow for meditation. This is a bright green crystal similar in color to green apples. It helps one to achieve greater personal insight, feel more calm, and become less egotistical. It also stimulates creativity and draws out unknown talents. This stone is and important stone for those born under the sign of Cancer for whom it provides a balance between the unconscious and the conscious. Colors: apple green and translucent, also almost completely clear Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Cinnabar (Mercury)
Cinnabar transfers its healing qualities to the blood. It has a positive effect on the immune system, and increases resistance to pathogens and helps to avoid infections. This stone hopes to fend off to pressing thoughts, dejection, and depression. It frees the wearer from mental problems that might threaten to exhaust him/her or slow him/her down emotionally and mentally. Cinnabar contains negative as well as positive components. On the one hand, it is the source of the poisonous metal, mercury, while on the other it possesses the various healing powers. Luster is adamantine to submetallic in darker specimens. Transparency crystals are translucent to transparent.
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Crystal System is trigonal; 32 Crystal Habits: individual, well formed, large crystals are scarce; crusts and crystal complexes are more common; may be massive, or in capillary needles. Crystals that are found tend to be the six sided trigonal scalahedrons that appear to have opposing three sided pyramids. It also forms modified rhombohedrons, prismatic and twinned crystals as described above. Cleavage is perfect in three directions, forming prisms. Fracture is uneven to splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 8.1+ (very heavy for a non-metallic mineral) Streak is red Associated Minerals are realgar, pyrite, dolomite, quartz, stibnite and mercury. Other Characteristics: slightly sectile and crystals can be striated. Notable Occurences include Almaden, Spain; Idria, Serbia; Hunan Prov., China and California, Oregon, Texas, and Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, cleavage, softness and color. Colors: red Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Citrine
Citrine is extensively used in Thunder Healing due to its special properties. This stone/crystal does not absorb negative energy, it also dissipates negativity. As a Reiki companion stone it is used in all aspects of Thunder Healing Reiki practice. Since Citrine does not absorb any negative energies from its surroundings, it never needs energetic clearing. Citrine can be used to clear unwanted energies from the environment. Since citrine eliminates negative energies, it helps generate stability in all areas, and is good for general protection. Citrine is known as the "success stone" because it promotes success, prosperity, and abundance. It promotes success in business, earning it another nickname, "merchant's stone", and is said to bring business if put in the cashbox/cash register of a shop or if carried. A piece near or on the telephone can help with telephone sales and incoming sales leads. Citrine may bring good fortune in unexpected ways. Along with prosperity and good fortune, citrine imparts generosity, helping one to share the wealth, so to speak. In the mental area, citrine enhances mental clarity, confidence, and will power. It also increases creativity and promotes honesty. Emotionally, citrine relieves depression, self-doubt, anger, and irrational mood swings. Citrine is a stone that brings happiness and cheerfulness to those who carry or wear it. Citrine also reduces self-destructive tendencies. Citrine helps eliminate fears. It is suitable for raising social consciousness. Citrine can help one overcome emotional traumas and grief. Sensuality and sexuality can also be heightened by citrine. Citrine clears the aura of negative energies and influences.
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It is also very useful for meditation as well as dream recall and dream work. Citrine is also good for removing toxins, and overcoming addictions. Citrine is associated with the solar plexus chakra. Citrine is linked to Gemini and Virgo. Variety of: Quartz , SiO 2. Uses: Gemstone and ornamental stone. Birthstone for: November Index of refraction: 1.544-1.553 Cleavage: none Crystal System: trigonal Colors: lemon yellow to golden brown, transparent; is created artificially by heating amethyst or smoky quartz; such stones should be called Golden Topaz and not true Citrine. Hardness: 7
Clausthalite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include rare cubic and octahedral crystals; much more commonly found in massive and granular forms. Cleavage: perfect in three directions forming cubes. Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is 8.1 - 8.3 (much heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals include gold, pyrite, calcite, epidote, selenium, sphalerite, tiemannite, naumannite, penroseite, galena and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of the Lorenz Mine, Clausthal, Harz, Germany as well as Corvusite Mine, Montrose County, Colorado and San Miguel County, New Mexico, USA; Slavkovice, Central Moravia, Czech Republic; Falun, Sweden and Lake Athabasca, Saskatchewan, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, perfect cubic cleavage, associations and density. Colors: bright lead gray, blue gray to gray black Hardness: 2.5
Cleavelandite
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Cliffordite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include small octahedral crystals. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.6 - 6.7 (very heavy for translucent minerals). Streak is bright yellow. Other Characteristics: Specimens are slightly radioactive. Associated Minerals include tellurium and other tellurates and tellurites. Notable Occurrences are limited to the type locality of San Miguel Mine, Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are locality,softness, high density, luster, radioactivity and cleavage. Colors: bright yellow to sulphur yellow Hardness: 4
Clinochlore
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include pseudohexagonal tabular crystals with tapering pyramidal terminations. Commonly foliated, fibrous, granular, earthy, massive. Twinning is seen on some larger specimens. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.6 - 3.0 (average). Streak is greenish white or white. Other Characteristics: Cleavage flakes are flexible but inelastic. Associated Minerals include pyrite, quartz, dolomite, fluorapatite, gmelinite, rutile, siderite, albite, anatase, calcite, catapleiite, talc, chlorite, sphalerite, serpentine, actinolite, biotite, tainiolite, olivine, plagioclase, chromite and uvarovite. Notable Occurrences including the type locality of West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA as well as The Tilly Foster mine, New York; Pima and Yavapai Counties, Arizona; New Idria district, San Benito County, California and Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USA; Tirol, Austria; Val Malenco, Lombardy and Ala, Piedmont, Italy; near Zermatt, Valais, Switzerland; Spain; Shetland Islands, Scotland; Kop Daglari, Erzurum, Turkey; Ural Mountains, Russia and most localities from where chlorite is found. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, softness, color and cleavage.
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Colors: green to an emerald green but also red, brown, tan, yellow or white Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Clinoclase
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: specimens are translucent. Crystal System: is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include acicular crystals in radiating and near botryoidal crusts. Individual crystals of any size are rare, but when found are tabular or prismatic with small triangular faces modifying the crystals. Cleavage is good in one direction. Fracture is lamellar. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is bluish green. Associated Minerals are malachite, olivenite, quartz, limonite, adamite, azurite, brochantite and other rare secondary copper ore minerals. Other Characteristics: slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences: Cornwall, England; Libethen, Romania; Zaire; Russia; California, Utah and Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators: color, streak, crystal habits, associations and density. Colors: dark blue and with shades of green Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Clinohedrite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; m. Crystal Habits include massive and lamellar specimens. Rare individual crystals are prismatic and at the Arizona locality aggregates formed sprays of acicular crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (pinacoidal). Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 - 3.4 (slightly above average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluoresces an orange-yellow color under short-wave UV light. Associated Minerals include willemite, zincite, franklinite, apophyllite, kinoite, stringhamite,
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esperite, calcite and especially hardystonite. Notable Occurrences include its type locality: Trotter Mine, Franklin as well as Sterling Hill, New Jersey and at the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are fluorescence, associations, locality and cleavage. Colors: white to colorless and violet Hardness: 5.5
Clinohumite
Luster is vitreous to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include small prismatic to rounded crystals, but as is most commonly the case, as embedded indistinct grains. Lamellar twinning is common. Cleavage is poor in one direction, basal. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.2 - 3.4 Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Many specimens (usually those that are of a lighter color) fluoresce a yellow-orange color under shortwave UV light. Crystals are pleochroic from yellow to colorless. Associated Minerals include humite, talc, geikielite, lazurite, dolomite and calcite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Mt. Vesuvius, near Napoles, Campania, Italy as well as the Pamir Mountains, Tadzhikistan, Russia; Pargas, Finland; Llanos de Juanar, Malaga, Spain; Tilly Foster Mine, New York; Fort Defiance, Apache County, Arizona; Crestmore Quarry, Riverside County and Lower Lake, Fresno County, California; Luna, New Mexico and Franklin, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, fluorescence, environment of formation and hardness Color: yellow, red, brown or orange Hardness: 3.2 to 3.4
Clinoptilolite
Luster is vitreous to pearly on the most prominent pinacoid face and on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
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Crystal Habits include blocky or tabular crystals with good monoclinic crystal form. More tabular and proportioned than heulandite. Also commonly found in acicular (needle thin) crystal sprays. Cleavage is perfect in one direction parallel to the prominent pinacoid face. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 (very light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Can absorb a significant amount of water after drying and will retain its structure even if heated to almost the temperature of melted glass. Associated Minerals are calcite, aragonite, thenardite, hectorite, quartz, apophyllite, opal, clays, pyrite, halite, mordenite, heulandite, chabazite, analcime, erionite, ferrierite, harmotome, dachiardite, phillipsite and several borate minerals Notable Occurrences include the widespread tuffaceous volcanic rocks of Arizona; the type locality of Hoodoo Mountains and the Yucca Mountains of Nevada; Altoona, Washington; Agate Beach and Madres, Oregon and several sites in California, USA. Also found at Styria, Austria; Bulgaria; British Columbia, Canada; Ortenberg Quarry, Germany; Alpe di Siusi, Italy; Kuruma Pass, Japan; McQueens Valley and Moeraki, New Zealand and Chinchwad, India. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, locality, water absorption, heat tolerance and associations. Colors: colorless, white, pink, yellow, reddish and pale brown Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Clinozoisite
Light green to brownish-green. Teaches us to care for ourselves and not to let others take advantage of us.
Cobalt
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Specimens are opaque. Crystal System is isometric. Crystal Habits include only lab grown specimens. Specific Gravity is 8.9 (very heavy for a metallic mineral). Other Characteristics: Magnetic. Notable Occurrences include only lab grown specimens. Best Field Indicators are color, magnetism and density. Color: steel gray
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Cobaltite
The color is silver. Cobaltite is associated with reflection, meditation and re-evaluation. It promotes thoughtfulness and careful consideration. It allows us to see all sides of an issue and therefore fosters tolerance.
Cobaltocalcite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include rhombohedrons and scalahedrons, but large crystals are rare. Often, any large crystals are sphaerocobaltite intergrown with calcite, coloring the whole crystal pink. Also botryoidal, globular, stalactitic and as crusts. Cleavage is perfect in three directions, forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.2 (above average for translucent minerals). Streak is pale pink. Associated Minerals are calcite, malachite, cobaltite and dolomite. Other Characteristics: red or pink and white banding in massive forms and effervesces easily with dilute acids. Notable Occurrences include Shaba, Zaire; Saxony Germany and from other secondary cobalt ore locations. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, reaction to acid, associations with cobalt ore deposits, and cleavage Color: red to pink Hardness: 4
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Coconinoite
Luster is vitreous or waxy to dull or earthy. Transparency crystals are translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic or possibly monoclinic. Crystal Habits include crusts, earthy masses, foliated and scaly aggregates. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 (average for translucent minerals). Streak is pale yellow. Other Characteristics: radioactive and some specimens are fluorescent. Notable Occurrence is Sun Valley Mine, Coconino Co., Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, fluorescence if present, radioactivity and locality. Colors: various shades of pale yellow
Coesite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m . Crystal Habit includes always small (usually microscopic) and very rarely well formed prismatic crystals. Cleavage information is unavailable. Fracture is probably conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.00+ (average for translucent minerals) Streak is clear. Other Characteristics: Refractive index is approximately 1.59 Associated Minerals include sanadine, diamond, garnets, pyroxenes, iron meteorites and stishovite. Notable Occurrences include Canyon Diablo, Meteor Crater, Arizona, USA and other meteorite craters around the world as well as at Kimberly, South Africa. Best Field Indicators are environment of formation, density and index of refraction; but in general crystals are too small to identify by ordinary methods. Colors: colorless or white Hardness: 8
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Colemanite
Translucent. Helps us become more yin: gentler, sweeter, quieter. Excellent for "macho" men. Helps us mellow out. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits are quite variable, but include the short prismatic crystals always with complicated facets. Equant crystals that appear stubby and bead-like are also common. The crystals are sometimes flattened and can appear bladed. The terminations are either blunted or steeply pyramidal. Also massive, lamellar and granular habits are found. Cleavage is perfect in one direction and distinct in another. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 (somewhat lower than average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are calcite, celestite, borax, ulexite, kernite, hydroboracite and other borate minerals. Other Characteristics: exfoliates (peels off) upon heating. Notable Occurrences include Yermo, Boron, Death Valley and other California localities, USA; Nevada, USA; Chile and Panderma, Turkey. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, locality, density, cleavage and hardness Colors: white to clear Hardness: 4.5
Collinsite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: specimens are translucent to less commonly transparent. Crystal System: is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include nodules and crusts in altered granite pegmatites. Crystals tend to be prismatic and are often aggregated together into bundles. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is off white. Notable Occurrences: Tip Top Mine, Custer Co., South Dakota, USA, Francois Lake, British Columbia, Canada and at other localities. Best Field Indicators: color, crystal habit, hardness and localities.
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Colors: brown to white or colorless Hardness: 3.5
Columbite
Luster is submetallic. Transparency: Crystals are nearly opaque being transparent in thin splinters. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include stubby prismatic crystals with complexly faceted or rounded terminations. Also very flat tabular crystals often aggregated together in parallel or nearly parallel groups. Can also be granular and massive. Cleavage is good in one direction. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.0 to 5.3+ when near pure columbite (very heavy for non-metallic minerals). Streak is brown to black. Other Characteristics: Some specimens may demonstrate weak magnetism. Associated Minerals include albite, spodumene, cassiterite, microcline, lepidolite, apatite, beryl, microlite, tourmalines and amblygonite. Notable Occurrences include Newry, Maine; San Diego Co., California; Colorado and Amelia, Virginia, USA; Renfrow County, Ontario, Canada; Madagascar; Sweden; Norway; Brazil; Argentina; Kugi-Lyal, Pamir, Russia and Finland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, associations and specific gravity. Colors: dark black, iron-black to dark brown Hardness: 6
Conichalcite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic Crystal Habits include the crusts of acicular to almost fibrous crystals. Also as botryoidal masses and compact crusts. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 (heavy) Streak is green. Associated Minerals are limonite, malachite, beudantite, adamite, cuproadamite, olivenite and
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smithsonite. Notable Occurrences include Juab Co., Utah, Nevada and Arizona, USA; Mexico; Chile; Poland and Zaire. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and density. Colors: grass green to light green Hardness: 4.5
Connellite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are mostly translucent to individual crystals being transparent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6 2 2. Crystal Habits include acicular to fibrous crystals arranged in tufts, layers or radial aggregates. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4 - 3.5 (slightly above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is blue. Associated Minerals include quartz, azurite, cuprite, brochantite, caledonite, atacamite, paratacamite, paramelaconite, malachite, cornubite and chalcophyllite, among others. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Wheal Gorland and other mines of the Wheal Providence, Cornwall, England; South Africa and the mines of Bisbee, New Cornelia, Mammoth-St Anthony and Copper Queen of Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and locality. Colors: deep blue to a more rare, blue-green Hardness: 3
Copiapite
Luster is pearly to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is triclinic: bar 1. Crystal Habits include aggregates of small platy or scaly masses, encrustations and granular masses. Individual crystals are rare. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.1 (light even for translucent minerals).
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Streak is pale yellow. Other Characteristics: Dissolves in water, is non-flourescent and has a metallic taste. Associated Minerals include pyrite, other iron sulfides and other secondary minerals. Notable Occurrences include Copiapo (hence the name), Atacama, Chile; France; Spain; Germany; Utah, California and Nevada, USA. Best Field Indicators are solubility, density, color, non-flourescence and taste. Colors: yellow, orange, sulfur-yellow, golden-yellow, greenish-yellow to ocher Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Copper
Copper is considered a mineral of energy and mental agility. Copper facilitates mental agility and quick wit. Copper is an excellent conductor of types of energy. Thus, copper is said to enhance and help to transmit thoughts over long distances. Physically, copper is used in all types of healing, in the treatment of arthritis, and to relieve the pain of broken bones, sexual instability, and low energy. Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m v Crystal Habits include massive, wires and arborescent or branching forms as the most common, whole individual crystals are extremely rare but when present are usually cubes and octahedrons. ccasionally, massive forms will show some recognizable crystal faces on outer surfaces. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is jagged. Streak is reddish copper color. Specific Gravity is 8.9+ (above average for metallic) Associated Minerals are silver, calcite, malachite and other secondary copper minerals. Other Characteristics: ductile, malleable and sectile, meaning it can be pounded into other shapes, stretched into a wire and cut into slices. Notable Occurrences include Michigan and Arizona, USA; Germany; Russia and Australia. Best Field Indicators are color, ductility and crystal habit. Colors: orange, copper red Hardness: 2.5 to 3
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Coral
Coral is receptive and has healing powers as well as promoting wisdom. Coral is neither a stone nor a plant, but the skeletal remains of a tiny sea creature. Coral is therefore of an organic origin and can be used to reconnect with nature. Coral also attracts love and prosperity, particularly red coral, which is a stone of passion. Creativity and optimism are also qualities that coral can help to bring out within an individual. Emotionally, coral brings inner peace, strength, and understanding of purpose. Colors: pink, salmon pink, red, white, black Hardness: 3 to 4
Cordierite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include rare prismatic crystals but is usually massive, or in compact grains embedded in metamorphic schists and gneisses. Also found as pebbles and grains in alluvial deposits. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3 (light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: strongly pleochroic (displays the range of colors from blue-violet to gray or colorless), index of refraction is 1.52 - 1.57. Associated Minerals are almandine, corundum, andalusite, biotite and feldspars. Notable Occurrences include Sri Lanka; India; Burma; Madagascar; Middlesex Co., Connecticut and the Yellowknife area of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Best Field Indicators are hardness, lack of good cleavage, density, color and pleochroism. Colors: blue, violet, gray, brownish or colorless Hardness: 7 to 7.5
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Cordylite
Luster is greasy to adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent, some specimens approach opaqueness. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include small prismatic or platy crystals, some demonstrating a hemimorphic character. Cleavage is good in one direction (basal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.0 to 4.3 (well above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals can show some striations parallel to the basal face. Associated Minerals include bastnasite, calcite, aegirine, albite, quartz, ashcroftine-(Y), brookite, burbankite, carbocernaite, synchysite-(Ce), ankerite, ancylite-(Ce), mckelveyite, elpidite, narsarsukite, lorenzenite, leucosphenite and several zeolites. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Narsarsuk, Greenland. Other localities include the mines of Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec and Kibina, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Best Field Indicators: are crystal habit, color, cleavage, density, luster and locality Colors: colorless, yellow, brownish-yellow and orange-yellow Hardness: 4.5
Cornetite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent. Crystal System: is orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits include crystals that are short, rounded, nearly diamond-shaped prisms that are terminated by a dome with trapezohedral faces, also as tiny crystalline druzes, fibrous masses and crusts. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.1 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals are limonite, libethenite, malachite, pseudomalachite, brochantite and other secondary copper ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include Shaba, Congo; Bwana Mkubwa, Zambia and Empire Nevada Mine, Yerington,Nevada. Best Field Indicators are color, streak, crystal habits, associations and density
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Colors: dark blue, green-blue to green. Hardness: 4.5
Cornwallite
Corundum
Luster is vitreous to adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include sapphire's typical six-sided barrel shape that may taper into a pyramid, and ruby's hexagonal prisms and blades. Cleavage is absent, although there is parting which occurs in three directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.0+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include calcite, zoisite, feldspars, micas and garnets. Other Characteristics: Refractive index is around 1.77; pleochroic (meaning color intensity is variable from different viewing directions); striations on parting surfaces. Notable Occurrences include Burma; Sri Lanka; North Carolina and Montana, USA; many African localities; several localities in India, and Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries. Best Field Indicators are extreme hardness, density and crystal habit. Colors: white or colorless, blue, red, yellow, green, brown, purple, and pink; there are also instance of color zonation Hardness: 9
Creedite
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Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a dome termination whose top edge is slanted with respect to length. Also acicular crystals in radiating groups. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7+ (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are limonite, cassiterite, adamite and vanadanite. Other Characteristics: color if present is unevenly distributed through the crystals. Notable Occurrences include Mapimi, Mexico; Colquiri, Bolivia and Colorado, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations and locality Colors: white, colorless and purple Hardness: 4
Cristobalite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4 2 2 (alpha cristobalite) and isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m (beta cristobalite). Crystal Habit includes the always small (usually microscopic) and rarely well formed crystals that are pseudo-isometric, being pseudomorphs of beta cristobalite. The crystals are typically pseudo-octahedrons, some of which are twinned in a special twin called the spinel twin. The more commonly observed habit is radiating clusters and spherical aggregates. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.32+ (below average for translucent minerals) Streak is clear. Other Characteristics: Refractive index is approximately 1.48 Associated Minerals include tridymite, sanadine, hornblende, beta quartz, olivine, pseudobrookite and augite. Notable Occurrences include Cerro San Cristobal, Pachuca, Mexico (from where it gets its name); San Juan Mountains and Yellowstone National Park, both in Colorado and Mt. Lassen, California, USA and Italy. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, environment of formation (mostly in the crevices of volcanic rocks), color and index of refraction. Colors: colorless or white Hardness: 6.5
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Crocoite
Cryolite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits are usually massive and as pseudo-cubic crystals, some with psuedo-octahedral truncations. Cleavage is absent, but three parting directions produce what looks like a psuedo-cubic cleavage. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.95 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.338 which is close to the index of refraction of water. As a consequence, clear cryolite crystals or powdered cryolite will nearly disappear in water. Also there is no salty taste which is helpful in distinguishing cryolite from the mineral halite. Associated Minerals include siderite, quartz, topaz, fluorite, chalcopyrite, galena, cassiterite, molybdenite, columbite and wolframite. Notable Occurences include Ivigtut area of Greenland and also at the foot of Pikes Peak at Creede, Colorado, USA, Mont Saint-Hilaire and Francon Quarry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and at Miask, Russia. Best Field Indicators are lack of salty taste, density, index of refraction, locality and crystal habit. Colors: clear or white to yellowish, but can also be black or purple Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Cubanite
Color is a brassy golden yellow. Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque.
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Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include elongated prismatic to tabular crystals. Crystals sometimes twinned into chevrons and six rayed cyclic "stars" or "flowers". Also lamellar, rarely massive. Cleavage is rather poor in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.1 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Other Characteristics: Deep longitudinal striations on most crystal faces. Associated Minerals are chalcopyrite, quartz, gold, siderite, calcite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and several copper sulfides. Notable Occurrences include Barracanao, Cuba; Morro Velho gold mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Harz Mnts, Germany and the Henderson Mine, Chibougamau, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit especially its twins, color, luster and occurrence. Colors: yellow Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Cumengite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are usually transparent to translucent on thin edges. Crystal System is tetragonal Crystal Habits include pseudo-octahedral crystals, but more commonly found as epitaxial overgrowths on boleite. Each of the six faces of the boleite's cube can be capped with a four sided pyramid of cumengite. The result is a six pointed, 3 dimensional, star-shaped aggregate. Cleavage is numerous and includes four good to distinct directions and one poor direction (basal). Fracture is uneven and brittle. Specific Gravity is 4.6 (rather heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals include pseudoboleite and especially boleite. Notable Occurrence is limited to the type locality of Boleo, Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystals habit, color, density, associations and locality. Colors: indigo blue with violet Hardness: 2.5
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Cummingtonite
Luster is silky to vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include fibrous, lamellar and radiating masses. Twinning is common and is either simple or lamellar. Cleavage: is good in two directions at 56 and 124 degree angles. Fracture is splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.6 (average to slightly above average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Non-pleochroic. Associated Minerals are hematite, hornblende, actinolite and anthophyllite. Notable Occurrences include Cummington (hence the name), Hampshire County, Massachusetts; Homestake gold mine, Lawrence County, South Dakota and La Paz County, Arizona, USA; Scotland; South Africa and Sweden. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, fracture, cleavage, color, density and hardness. Colors: dark grayish or greenish-brown and dark green Hardness: 5 to 6
Cuprite
A deep red metallic crystal from Russia. This crystal is used on the 1st chakra to promote energy throughout the entire chakra system. Cuprite is used to discourage worry, especially those worries which we have little or no control over. It allows one to understand that worry is essentially a waste of energy. This stone is helpful in the treatment of vertigo and is used to eliminate altitude sickness. Luster is adamantine or submetallic to dull or earthy if massive. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; once thought to be 4 3 2 but now believed to belong to 4/m bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include the cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and combinations of these forms. Some display faces of the obscure gyroid form. A variety known as Chalcotrichite forms long needle-like crystals or fuzzy crusts, also massive. Cleavage is fair in four directions forming octahedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.0 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is brick red. Associated Minerals are limonite, copper, chrysocolla, malachite and other secondary copper
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minerals. Other Characteristics: Forms a surface film with long exposure to strong light. Crystals of cuprite are sometimes altered or partially altered to malachite and rarely copper. Notable Occurrences include Arizona, USA; Africa; Australia; Chile and several localities in Europe. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal form and softness Colors: red to a deep red that can appear almost black Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Cuproadamite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthrombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include diamond-shaped, wedge-like prisms sometimes modified with minor prismatic faces and terminated by a double triangle. Mostly in druses and radiating clusters that can form wheel and "wheat-sheath" shapes. Rarely in a perfectly smooth botryoidal habit like smithsonite, but commonly found with well-formed crystal terminations that sparkle on the top of the "sub-botryoidal" surface. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.6 (heavy for translucent minerals and slightly heavier than adamite) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: does not fluoresces like its cousin adamite. Associated Minerals are adamite, limonite, conichalcite, smithsonite, aragonite, calcite, and other oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurances include the famous mines at Mapimi, Mexico; also Greece and other sites that contain adamite and copper minerals. Best Field Indicators are color, density, non-fluorescences, associations and crystal habits. Colors: reddish purple, but can be purple, red or even green Hardness: 3.5
Cuprosklodowskite
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Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits are typically fibrous tufts and crusts. Also acicular crystals in radial aggregates. Cleavage: perfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.8 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is green. Associated Minerals are uraninite, dioptase, sklodowskite, Uranophane and brochanitite. Other Characteristics: Radioactive and fluorescent. Notable Occurrences include Musonoi Mine, Shaba, Zaire; Amelal, Morocco and San Juan Co., Utah. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, locality, radioactivity and fluorescence. Colors: green Hardness: 4
Cyanotrichite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency crystals are mostly translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include acicular to fibrous crystals aggregated into coatings, tufts, radial clusters and sprays as well as small tabular crystals. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.7 - 3.9+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals are brochantite, smithsonite, malachite and azurite. Notable Occurrences include Laurium, Greece; Leadhills, Scotland; Russia; South Africa; Arizona, Nevada and Utah, USA and France. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations and color. Colors: bright azure blue to sky blue Hardness: 3 to 4.5
Cylindrite
Luster is metallic.
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Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is trigonal, but is in dispute. Crystal Habit is extremely unique. Crystals form small wrapped cylinders (hense the name) that look like tubes or rolls of metallic cloth. Also found massive. Cleavage: None. Fracture: Conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 5.4 - 5.5 (somewhat heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Other Characteristics: Under pressure, cylinders will separate into curved shells or leaves. Associated Minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, cassiterite, teallite and franckeite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Mina Santa Cruz, Poopo, Oruro, Bolivia and a few other tin sulfide deposits. Best Field Indicators include the very unusual crystal habit as well as the locality, softness, color and luster Colors: iron black to gray Hardness: 2.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Danburite
This is very clear crystal that powerfully radiates a bright, pure, white light. This stone is a very good for cleansing, purifying, or debriefing. it fills the Crown Chakra with joy and illumination while it to bring truth, honesty, and a smile to the heart and spirit. Strengthens mind, nervous system, life force, and general awareness. It is an excellent healing tool. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include generally prismatic crystals with a diamond-shaped cross-section. The termination is a steeply slanted dome producing a wedge look. Crystals can be rather thin to almost acicular or up to a foot long and several inches across. Cleavage is poor in one direction, basal. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average) Streak is white or colorless. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, cassiterite, dolomite, corundum variety ruby, and fluorite. Notable Occurrences include Danbury, Connecticut and Russell, New York, USA; Charcas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Kyushu Is., Japan; Mogok, Burma and Uri, Switzerland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, poor cleavage, hardness and associations. Colors: almost always clear or white, but also can be shades of yellow, pink and brown hardness: 7 to 7.5
Datolite
Luster is vitreous to greasy. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include short prismatic to wedge shaped tabular crystals with complex and richly faceted terminations. Also in porcelain-like masses that form nodules. Aggregates can be fibrous or granular. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.8 - 3.0 Streak is white. Associated Minerals are prehnite, danburite, babingtonite, epidote, copper, calcite, quartz and zeolites.
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Notable Occurances include Russia; Lake Superior region of Michigan and Paterson, New Jersey, USA; Bancroft, Ontario, Canada; Charcas, Mexico; Schwarzwald, Germany and Norway. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, absence of cleavage, hardness and color. Colors: white, colorless, yellowish, reddish, gray, brown and green Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Greenish. Builds clarity of thought, concentration, improved study skills, flow of ideas, mature thought.
Descloizite
Luster is greasy. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habit is typically in small, flat platelets that have a rounded triangular shape or in a pyramidal form, also in tiny druzy crusts and stalactitic masses. Cleavage is none. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.2 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is brownish red to orange to yellow. Associated Minerals are wulfenite, vanadinite, mottramite, pyromorphite, and cerussite. Other Characteristics: Some crystals can appear arrowhead shaped. Notable Occurrences include Tsumeb, Nambia; Zambia; Germany; Pinal County, Arizona, and Grant County, New Mexico; U.S.A. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, localities and density Colors: typically brown to reddish brown to black also yellow to orange with increase in copper content Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Diabase
Makes one more potent, forceful, powerful, effectual, capable and strong. Its dynamic energy lends intensity to all who keep it near.
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Diaboleite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are usually translucent to transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal; bar 4 2/m Crystal Habits include granular crystals and encrustations. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.4 - 5.5 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals include other copper and lead minerals such as boleite, linarite, anglesite, wulfenite, phosgenite and cerussite. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Mammoth-St. Anthony and Rowley Mines of Arizona, USA and the type locality of Higher Pitts Mine, Mendip Hills, Somerset, England. Best Field Indicators are color, density, fracture, streak and locality Colors: sky blue to dark blue Hardness: 2.5
Diamond
The projective powers of the diamond are intense. It is protective and brings courage and peace. It is the stone of April. Diamonds have a unique relationship with energy and they are often combined with other gems or crystals. If worn or carried, a diamond will amplify the energy of the wearer. Emeralds and Amethyst Quartz are especially amplified by Diamonds. Diamonds powerfully absorb and amplify the thoughts, emotions, and attitudes of the user/wearer. When used with loving, clear intent, it clears blockages, opens the Crown Chakra and promotes spiritual love, peace, clarity, trust, and confidence. Diamonds attracts abundance! Be sure to cleanse diamonds thoroughly and often. Luster is adamantine to waxy. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent in rough crystals. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include isometric forms such as cubes and octahedrons, twinning is also seen. Specific Gravity is 3.5 (above average) Cleavage is perfect in 4 directions forming octahedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Streak is white.
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Associated Minerals are limited to those found in kimberlite rock, an ultramafic igneous rock composed mostly of olivine. Other Characteristics: refractive index is 2.4 ( very high), dispersion is 0.044, fluorescent. Notable Occurrences include South Africa and other localities throughout Africa, India, Brazil, Russia, Australia, and Arkansas. Best Field Indicator is extreme hardness. Colors: yellow, pink, blue, green, orange, black, colorless (technically, over 300 distinct colors have been identified) Hardness: 10 (the hardest of all stones)
Digenite
Luster is submetallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric. Crystal Habits are limited to mostly massive and granular components of massive sulfide rocks, but a few localities have produced good crystals. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.6 (above average for metallic minerals) Associated Minerals include pyrite, chalcocite, bornite and chalcopyrite. Notable Occurrences include many mines around the world that contain copper sulfides such as in Sweden; Australia; South-West Africa and several copper mines in Arizona, Butte Montana and Kennecott, Alaska, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, softness and density. Colors: blue or black Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Diopside, Blackstar
Black Star Diopside is a stone that is black-green to black. It is a very creative stone and can bring creativity to the bearer. It can also help with analysis and logic and as an assists in learning. It is also said to be related to love, commitment, and the inner heart. It is traditionally said to be helpful for healing trauma, partly by bringing cleansing tears. Sometimes it is called the "crying stone." It can help get in touch with the feminine side, which can help heal aggression and stubbornness. Physically it's used to heal the heart, lungs, circulation, weakness, and psychological disorders.
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Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include short prismatic, rarely tabular crystals. The square cross section is distinctive in the prismatic crystals. Also compact, granular, columnar and massive. Cleavage is perfect in two lengthwise directions at close to right angles and a basal parting direction is sometimes seen. Fracture is uneven, even rough. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (slightly above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Some specimens have been known to fluoresce and some specimens have inclusions that can form "cat's eyes" if polished in cabachon. Associated Minerals are grossular, andradite, fluorite, dolomite, chlorite, vesuvianite, phlogopite, actinolite, olivine, iron meteorites and calcite. Notable Occurrences include St. Lawrence Co., New York, USA; Ural Mountains, Russia; Mt. Vesuvius and other locallities in Italy; Austria; Germany; Sri Lanka; Brazil; Mogok, Burma; Madagascar; Kimberly, South Africa and Outokumpu, Finland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color, fracture and cleavage. Colors: green, bluish, black, with star shaped Hardness: 5 to 6
Diopsite
Increases Self Esteem.
Dioptase
Green. Relieves mental stress and promotes prosperity, relaxation, meditation, love and emotional expressiveness. Is said to be healing of body and mind. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 (Dioptase is one of the few rhombic silicates).
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Crystal Habits include stubby crystals that are usually well formed prisms topped with the three faces of a rhombohedon. Prisms are six sided and usually not very long. Simple rhombohedrons are also common, at times a second rhombohedron will modify the primary rhombohedron faces producing a second set of three smaller faces. Crusts and massive forms are also seen. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal and brittle. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3+ (slightly above average) Streak is green. Associated Minerals are dolomite, calcite, cerussite, limonite, chrysocolla and other copper minerals. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.65 - 1.71. Notable Occurrences include Tsumeb, Nambia; Zaire; Russia; California and Arizona, USA and Chile. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, deep color and hardness. Colors: dark green, transparent Hardness: 5
Dolomite
Dolomite is a gentle stone that encourages charitable actions, generosity, and giving in general. It also encourages energetic thinking, original thinking, spontaneity, creativity, and manifestation. It can help develop stamina for dealing with hyperactive people. It is also used to stop energy leaks from the chakras, and to balance and align the chakras. It stabilizes human and mineral energies, and can balance the energetic atmosphere of an environment. It is a particularly good stone for relieving sorrow, and soothing hurt, loneliness, and anxiety. Pink dolomite works well in the treatment of insomnia. Luster is pearly to vitreous to dull. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 Crystal Habits include saddle shaped rhombohedral twins and simple rhombs some with slightly curved faces, also prismatic, massive, granular and rock forming. Never found in scalenohedrons. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.86 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Unlike calcite, effervesces weakly with warm acid or when first powdered with cold HCl. Associated Minerals: include calcite, sulfide ore minerals, fluorite, barite, quartz and
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occasionally with gold. Notable Occurrences include many localities throughout the world, but well known from sites in Midwestern quarries of the USA; Ontario, Canada; Switzerland; Pamplona, Spain and in Mexico. Best Field Indicators are typical pink color, crystal habit, hardness, slow reaction to acid, density and luster. Colors: brown to red with dark layers; also white, yellowish to transparent; sugar dolomite is white dolomite with gold colored inclusions of pyrites. Hardness: 5 to 6
Domeykite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Isometric, possibly tetragonal; bar 4 2/m. Crystal Habits include botryoidal, reniform and massive specimens. Cleavage: Absent. Fracture: Hackly. Specific Gravity is variable from 7.2 to 8.1 but averages around 7.7 (very heavy even for metallic minerals). Streak is gray black. Other Characteristics: Specimens will tarnish easily and cutting or powdering specimens will yield a garlic odor (arsenic). Associated Minerals include calcite, nickeline, copper and other copper ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Algodones Mine, Coquimbo, Chile and also the Mohawk Mine, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA and the copper mines of Ontario, Canada. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, streak, density and luster. Colors: off-white, yellow-brown, copper-brown to steel-gray Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Dufrenite
Luster is varied from vitreous or silky to dull or earthy. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include botryoidal and globular masses or tabular crystals. Also found in radiating clusters and crusts.
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Cleavage is perfect in two directions. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.3 (slightly above average). Streak is yellow-green. Associated Minerals include hureaulite, laubmannite, kidwellite, quartz, limonite and rockbridgeite. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England; Westphalia, Germany; Anglar, France and Cherokee County, Alabama, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and streak Colors: yellowish-green or olive when fresh but turns brown when oxidized Hardness: 3.5 to 4.5
Duftite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include microcrystalline crusts and small tabular crystals. Cleavage is indistinct. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.4 - 6.6 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include wickenburgite, diopside, quartz, shattuckite, crocoite, ajoite, minium, cerussite, azurite, calcite, wulfenite and malachite. Notable Occurrence include Tsumeb, Namibia; E-Z Mine, Puttapa, Australia and Maricopa, County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, non-colored streak and localities. Colors: olive-green, gray-green or simply green Hardness: 3
Dravite
A protective stone that brings the innate peace of the earth to the awareness of the individual. Crystal Habit is typically elongated three sided prisms. The terminations can be either a simple to complex trigonal pyramid or a flat basal face. The prism faces are striated lengthwise.
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In cross section, all tourmalines will appear predominantly triangular in shape with some crystals showing a hexagon. Doubly terminated crystals are hemimorphic meaning that the two ends of the crystal are not exactly alike. Massive forms can also be found. Transparency: crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is Trigonal; 3m Specific Gravity is 3.2+ (slightly heavier than average) Cleavage is absent although there is basal parting. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Luster is vitreous. Associated Minerals include those associated with metamorphic rocks such as micas, feldspars and quartz. Other Characteristics: crystals are brittle and refractive indices = 1.62 and 1.68. Notable Occurances include brazil and some other South American countries, and Africa. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, triangular cross-section, color and hardness. Colors: light brown to dark brown Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Dumortierite
Dumortierite (blue quartz) enhances organizational abilities, self-discipline, and orderliness. This enhancement is because of the stone's ability to balance the throat chakra and enhancing communication. It reduces the difficulties of a scattered or disorganized thinking process. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent, massive specimens are nearly opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals but more commonly massive, columnar and fibrous. Cleavage good in one direction and poor in four others, but rarely seen. Fracture is uneven to hackly. Specific Gravity is 3.3 - 3.4 Streak is bluish white. Other Characteristics: Crystals are pleochroic from red to blue to violet. Some specimens fluoresce a blue color under longwave UV light with a fluorescent yellow matrix and a few specimens from Oreana, Nevada have fluoresced white under shortwave UV light. Associated Minerals are numerous and include quartz, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, andalusite, muscovite, lazulite and pyrophyllite Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Beaunan, France as well as Quartzite, La Paz County, Arizona; Colorado; Oreana, Nevada; New York, New York and Alpine, San Diego County and Los Angeles County, California, USA; Magadanskaya, Siberia, Russia and Sahatany, Madagascar. Best Field Indicators include hardness, color, density, fluorescence, fibrous crystal habit and
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environment. Colors: typically blue to violet, but also pink and brown Hardness: 7 to 8.5
Dundasite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic. Crystal Habits: Generally limited to crusts and small aggregates of radiating acicular crystals. Specific Gravity is 3.5 (somewhat heavy for translucent minerals) Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Streak is white. Associated Minerals include cerussite and crocoite. Notable Occurrences include Dundas, Tasmania, Australia and Wensley, Derbyshire and Trefriw, Gwynedd, Wales, England. Best Field Indicators are locality, softness, density, color and crystal habit. Colors: white Hardness: 2
Dyscrasite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include intricate arborescent and prismatic striated crystals. Cyclic twinned crystals are pseudo-hexagonal (six-sided) prisms and pyramids, but these are especially rare. Commonly found massive. Cleavage: Not discernible. Fracture: Hackly. Specific Gravity is 9.4 - 10 (very heavy for metallic minerals). Streak is silver.
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Other Characteristics: Specimens will tarnish to a yellow or black color with exposure to light. Associated Minerals include calcite, silver and silver ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include Wolfach and the Harz Mountains of Germany; Pribram, Czech Republic; Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia; Pima and Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona, USA; Atacama, Chile and Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, density, color, tarnish and luster. Colors: silver-white Hardness: 3.5 to 4 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Edenite
Luster is vitreous to pearly to dull. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent to opaque. Crystal System is Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic to stubby crystals with a nearly diamond shaped cross-section the points of which can be truncated by minor prism faces.
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The typical termination appears to be the two faces of a slightly slanted dome but is actually two of the four faces of a prism. The termination faces are not only slanted toward each other but the two faces are slanted with respect to the long axis of the crystal as well. Some terminations are rather complex and can make the crystal appear pseudo-orthorhombic. Twinning is commonly seen and results in a groove or notch running down the "spine" of the prismatic crystals. A fibrous habit is also seen. Cleavage is imperfect in two directions at nearly 60 and 120 degrees. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.06 (slightly above average for non-metallic minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include tremolite, kaolinite, biotite, pyroxenes, spinel and calcite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Edenville, Orange County, New York, USA as well as Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Franklin, New Jersey, USA; Cygnet, Tasmania, Australia; England and Aldan Shield, Siberia, Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit (especially cross-section), color, luster, locality and cleavage. Colors: green to black also dull gray or brown Hardness: 5 to 6
Edingtonite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals can be transparent but most commonly are just translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal and orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include blocky to prismatic or bladed crystals usually with a square crosssection, also massive. Cleavage is perfect in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.8 (average, although heavy for a zeolite). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are manganite, heulandite, natrolite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Ice River, Canada; Old Kilpatrick, Scotland and Bohlet, Sweden. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density and associations. Colors: colorless or white Hardness: 4
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Eilat
A Chrysocolla containing turquoise and malachite. Helps us to become more agreeable, harmonious and sociable. Inspires protection, self-understanding, subconscious wisdom and general healing.
Elbaite (Tourmaline)
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Trigonal; 3 m Crystal Habit is typically elongated three, and occasionally six, sided prisms. The terminations can be either a simple to complex trigonal pyramid or flat basal face. The prism faces are striated lengthwise. In cross section, all tourmalines will appear predominantly triangular in shape with some crystals showing a hexagon when three secondary prism faces are nearly as dominant as the three primary prism faces. Doubly terminated crystals are hemimorphic meaning that the two ends of the crystal are not exactly alike. The terminations on a doubly terminated crystal can have different slants to the pyramids on opposite ends. Acicular and massive forms can also be found. Cleavage is absent although there is basal parting. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.0+ (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Refractive indices = 1.62 and 1.68 Associated Minerals include those minerals associated with granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks such as micas, feldspars, quartz and even other gem minerals such as beryl, garnets, spodumene and topaz. Notable Occurrences include the San Diego, California area; Brazil; Elba, Italy (where Elbaite gets its name); Sri Lanka; Pakistan; Maine, USA and Russia as well as many others. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, triangular cross-section, color and hardness. Colors: extremely variable with the most common colors being red, pink, green, blue, orange and yellow Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Elestials
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These stones assist in comprehending life, the levels of death, and the immortality of the spirit.
Emerald
An Emerald is representative of our planet. It is receptive and promotes the powers of love, money, protection, and physically enhances eyesight. It brings and enhances joyfulness, cleansing of the spirit, general clairvoyance abilities, and improved memory. It also benefits intuition and communication, while it promotes truthfulness. Emerald is associated with the heart chakra. The emerald is assigned to Cancer. A variety of Beryl Birthstone for May. Cleavage: one direction, poor Crystal System: hexagonal Colors: various depths of green Hardness: 7 to 8
Emmonsite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1. Crystal Habits include small flaky or prismatic crystals as well as mamillary and compact masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 - 4.7 (rather heavy for translucent minerals). Streak is pale green. Associated Minerals include various other tellurium minerals such rodalquilarite, mackayite, schmitterite and other tellurates and tellurites Also associated with native tellurium, quartz and cerussite. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Moctezuma Mine, Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico; the type locality of Tombstone, Arizona; Cripple Creek, Colorado; Nevada and New Mexico, USA and Honduras. Best Field Indicators are locality, color, density and cleavage Colors: yellowish green
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Hardness: 5
Enargite
Green, brownish-green, gray, yellow. Is associated with sages, medicine men and women, shamans, priests and priestesses. Helps us develop wisest, highest self. Helps us find our inner guide. Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 m m Crystal Habits include pseudohexagonal prismatic to blocky or tabular crystals, often terminated by a flat pedion face. Also found massive, granular and in radiating aggregates. Twinning is common and sometimes results in a star shaped cyclic twin called a trilling. Cleavage is perfect in two directions, prismatically; distinct in two other directions also prismatically but with different orientations. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.4+ (average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Other Characteristics: crystals are typically striated lengthwise and a tarnish will dull the luster of crystals over time. Associated Minerals are quartz, bornite, galena, sphalerite, tennantite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, covellite, pyrite and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include Butte, Montana, San Juan Mountains, Colorado and at both Bingham Canyon and Tintic, Utah, USA; Sonora, Mexico; Argentina; Chile; Morococha and Cerro de Pasco, Peru and Island of Luzon, Philippines. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, cleavage and associations Colors: gray to black Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Enstatite
This is a self-esteem booster. Green, gray, yellow or brownish-green.
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Promotes loyalty, devotion, memory and channeling abilities. Luster is vitreous to pearly. Weathered specimens can have a submetallic luster ("bronzite"). Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent and rarely transparent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include rare individual crystals that have a stubby prismatic habit. More typically massive or in coarse lamellar or fibrous aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in two directions at nearly 90 degrees. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2+ (slightly above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is approximately 1.65. Associated Minerals include iron and stony meteorites, augite, feldspars and certain types of garnets. Notable Occurrences include the Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, New York; Boulder, Colorado; Jackson Co., North Carolina; Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania and Bare Hills, Maryland, USA as well as many localities from around the world especially in India, Burma and Tanzania. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, hardness, cleavage, index of refraction and luster. Colors: typically white, colorless, gray, light brown or pale green Hardness: 5 to 6
Eosphorite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic slender crystals and radial aggregate sprays. Crystals are usually altered or partially dissolved. Cleavage is good in two directions at right angles. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average), but increases with increased iron content. Streak is white. Associated Minerals include rose quartz, lithiophilite, hureaulite and triphylite. Notable Occurrences include Taquaral, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Hagendorf, Bavaria, Germany; White Picacho district, Arizona; Branchville, Connecticut; Mt. Mica, Maine and the Palermo Mine, New Hampshire, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, localities and density. Colors: pink, salmon-pink, yellow, colorless, red and even brown or black Hardness: 5
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Epididymite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include fibrous, acicular and prismatic habits, but more commonly found as tabular, somewhat elongated crystals and aggregate spherulites. Twinning is frequently seen as six sided tabular to columnar trillings and "fishtail" twins. Cleavage: is perfect in two directions (basal and prismatic). Fracture is splintery to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.6 (average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are many and include nepheline, aegirine, pyrite, sphalerite, serandite, eudialyte, catapleiite, elpidite, pyrophanite, astrophyllite, molybdenite, natrolite, siderite, rhodochrosite, calcite, analcime, feldspars, micas and fluorite. Notable Occurrences include Kola Peninsula, Russia; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Langesundfjord, Norway and Narssarssuk, Greenland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, associations, locality and hardness. Colors: white or colorless, but can be pale gray, blue, yellow or violet Hardness: 6 to 7
Epidote
Epidote is a stone used went something needs to be increased or improved upon. Epidote has a tendency to increase anything it touches, whether the thing it touches is energy or a material object. It is a stone that enhances emotional and spiritual growth. It cleanses repressed emotions, often once and for all. It opens the way for those who have denied spiritual growth, and those drawn to epidote are probably being nudged (although somewhat forcefully!) into some sort of spiritual awakening. Epidote also clears the emotional aura. It stimulates perception, participation, and interaction as well as personal power. It also dispels criticalness and closedmindedness. Epidote is also promotes patience. In the physical realm, it is used to stimulate the immune system, aid digestion, support all healing, and stop panic attacks. Colors: reddish with green specks or the reverse Luster is vitreous.
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Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include long, somewhat prismatic or tabular crystals with a typically dominant pinacoid that the crystal is often flattened against. The terminations are wedge shaped or tapered pyramids. Many clusters show grooved slender crystals or acicular sprays. Also massive, fiberous or granular. Cleavage good in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.3-3.5 Streak white to gray Associated Minerals calcite, biotite, hornblende, actinolite, andradite garnet and other metamorphic minerals. Other Characteristics: striated to the depth of grooves in some crystals. Notable Occurances Untersulzbachtal, Austria; Italy; Baja, Mexico and many localities in the USA. Best Field Indicators only one direction of cleavage, crystal habit, color and hardness. Colors: "pistachio" green to yellowish or brownish green, also brown to black Hardness: 6 to 7
Epistilbite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals, sometimes fibrous and radiating. Twinning is common with the interpenetration twin forming a cruciform (cross) shaped crystal. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 - 2.3 (very light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, beryl, calcite, yugawaralite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; Berufjord, Iceland; Osilo, Sardinia, Italy; Isle of Skye, Scotland and in pegamtites at Bedford, New York and in the basalts of Hawaii, USA Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, low density, locality and associations Colors: colorless, white, pink and reddish Hardness: 4
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Epsomite
Luster is vitreous in large crystals; silky to earthy in most specimens. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 2 2. Crystal Habits include fibrous, acicular, encrusting, stalactitic, botryoidal and granular masses. Typically formed on the walls of caves and mines as efflorescences and in playa lakes. Cleavage is perfect in one direction and distinct in two other directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.7 (well below average). Streak is white to colorless. Other Characteristics: Is very soluble in water. A fact that is a detriment to most collection specimens as they may absorb water from the air and deteriorate over time. The taste is bitter like epsom salt. Associated Minerals include aragonite, gypsum, calcite , mirabilite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Notable Occurrences include Epsom (hence the name), Surrey, England; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; Stassfurt, Germany; Herault, France; Kruger Mountain, Oroville, Washington; Albany County, Wyoming; El Tiro Mine, Arizona and Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA; Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada and South Africa. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, low density, associations, solubility in water and taste. Colors: colorless, white with pale shades of pink and green Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Erionite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits is limited to wool-like aggregates and crusts. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.0 (very light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are opal, calcite, heulandite, clinoptilolite, pyrite, thenardite, halite, celandonite, herschelite, phillipsite, chabazite, analcime and other zeolites.
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Notable Occurrences include Durkee, Baker County, Oregon; Nevada, South Dakota and Arizona, USA and the Faroe Islands. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, low density, locality and associations. Colors: colorless or white
Erythrite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include flattened, striated blades or radiating accicular crystals; crystals are rare. More commonly as crusts or earthy masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale red. Associated Minerals are silver, cobaltite, skutterudite, and other cobalt vein minerals. Other Characteristics: blades are flexible and sectile. Notable Occurences include Cobalt, Ontario; Bou Azzer, Morocco and Germany. Best Field Indicators are color, associations and flexible crystals. Colors: deep red-purple to lighter pinks in massive and thin crust forms Hardness: 1.5 to 2.5
Esperite
Luster is vitreous or greasy to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include massive and granular specimens. Cleavage is poor. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 - 4.4 (above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluoresces a yellow color under short-wave UV light. Associated Minerals include willemite, zincite, franklinite, larsenite, clinohedrite, calcite and hardystonite. Notable Occurrences include its type locality at Franklin, New Jersey as well as Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA and Bolivia. Best Field Indicators are fluorescence, associations, locality and poor cleavage.
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Colors: white or colorless Hardness: 5
Ettringite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include hexagonal prisms terminated by an hexagonal pyramid or a pinacoid, more commonly by both. Terminations can be rounded or dome-like but many have nice flat faces. Flattened rhombohedrons, acicular and fibrous forms are also seen. Cleavage is poor and rarely seen. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.7+ (well below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals are usually rather small, typically less than 1/4 inch long. Associated Minerals are calcite, afwillite, pillipsite and some other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include several South African localities such as Hotazel and Kuruman District and Ettringen, Germany (hence the name). Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, hardness, lack of cleavage and color Colors: bright yellow, also colorless and white Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Euclase
Facilitates benevolence, selflessness, generosity and altruism. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include stubby prismatic crystals with non-symmetrical slanted terminations. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (prismatic), poor in two other directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.09 - 3.11 (slightly above average)
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Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Almost always striated lengthwise. Associated Minerals include micas, quartz, topaz, beryl, gold, pericline and some feldspars. Notable Occurrences include Ouro Preto and other areas within Minas Gerias, Brazil; Kenya; Tanzania; Ural Mountains, Russia; Germany and with emeralds in the famous mines of Columbia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, good cleavage, striations, hardness and color. Colors: colorless, blue-green, blue, yellow, light green and rarely purple Hardness: 7.5
Eucryptite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: trigonal; bar 3 Crystal Habits include granular grains and massive forms. Some crystals can be well formed with trigonal prisms with rhombohedral terminations. Eucryptite can also replace spodumene forming pseudomorphs. Cleavage in poor in three directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.67 (average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Prism faces striated lengthwise, index of refraction is 1.55 and some specimens fluoresce pink under UV light. Associated Minerals include quartz, micas, feldspars and spodumene. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Branchville, Fairfield County, Connecticut, USA as well as Harding Mine, Dixon, New Mexico and Parker Mountain, Stafford, New Hampshire, USA and Bikita, Zimbabwe Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, striations, environment and hardness. Colors: usually colorless or white Hardness: 6.5
Eudialyte
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m.
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Crystal Habit is typically embedded grains and distorted rhombohedral crystals. Cleavage is poor in one direction (basal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.9 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals tend to be fractured and are somewhat brittle. Associated Minerals include many rare minerals as well as nepheline, feldspars especially albite, and natrolite, quartz, calcite and aegirine. Notable Occurrences include Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Kangerdluarsuk and Julianehaab, Greenland; the Langesundfjord region of Norway; Madagascar and Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are lack of crystal habit, association with aegirine, locality, color and hardness. Colors: red-violet, pink, blue, yellow and a light brown Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Eudidymite
Luster is vitreous to silky or pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include tabular crystals and aggregate spherulites. Twinning forms stellate figures with wedge shaped spokes. Cleavage: is perfect in two directions. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.6 (average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include nepheline, aegirine, catapleiite, natrolite, fluorite, rhodochrosite, feldspars, micas and analcime. Notable Occurrences include Kola Peninsula, Russia; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Langesundfjord, Norway and Narssarssuk, Greenland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, associations, locality and hardness. Colors: white or colorless, but can be pale pink, gray, yellow, blue or violet Hardness: 6 to 7
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Euxenite
Luster is greasy to submetallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals with domal terminations and often embedded in the matrix of the host pegmatite; as well as granular and massive. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 - 5.9 (heavy for non-metallic minerals). Extreme variation caused by variable composition of component metals. Streak is yellow, brown or gray. Other Characteristics: Slightly radioactive and crystals/specimens are often coated with a yellow limonite like earthy coating. Associated Minerals include quartz, feldspars, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, fergusonite, monazite, columbite, tantalite, allanite, gadolinite, and zircon Notable Occurrences include the Ural Mountains of Russia; Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway; Sweden; Minas Gerais, Brazil; Ampangabe, Madagascar; Quadeville, and Madwaska, Ontario, Canada; sites in the White Tank Mountains and Kingman Quarry, Arizona; Encampment, Wyoming and in Colorado, USA. Best Field Indicators are luster, fracture, color, radioactivity, associations, environment and specific gravity. Colors: black with a tinge of yellow, brown or green Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Fayalite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include flatten tabular to box shaped crystals, but good crystals are rare. More commonly found as grains in alluvial gravels and as granular pockets in highly magnesium and iron rich volcanic rock. Also massive. v Cleavage is distinct in two directions at 90 degrees. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 (above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.87, moderate double refraction can usually be seen and crystals are typically striated. Associated Minerals are diopside, spinel, plagioclase feldspars, chromite, anorthite, biotite, cristobalite, hornblende, serpentine, obsidian, iron-nickel meteorites and augite. Notable Occurrences include the Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii; Sugarloaf Mountain, Inyo County, California and Peridot, Gila County, Arizona, USA; Lipari Islands, Sicili and Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; France; Sweden and many other locations. Best Field Indicators are environment of formation, color, crystal habit, hardness and density. Colors: emerald green to the more common pale yellowish green, also found greenish brown to black Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Feldspar
Assists one in locating mis-placed items and in discovering and understanding messages from within.
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Ferberite
Luster is submetallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the flat, heavily modified, tabular crystals. The crystals are elongated along the b axis and are generally flattened in the a axis direction. Also as columnar aggregates and lamellar masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction parallel to the a and c axes. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.6 (heavy even for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals are quartz, hematite, tourmalines, cassiterite, micas and pyrite. Other Characteristics: crystals are often striated. Notable Occurrences include Nanling Range, China; South Dakota and Colorado, USA; Russia; Korea; England and Bolivia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, luster and cleavage. Colors: black Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Ferro-Actinolite
Relates to past life recall, shielding of the heart, and increases the life force. Encourages "brotherhood."
Fiedlerite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include tiny tabular to platy crystals. Cleavage is good, but not discernible.
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Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.88 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include paralaurionite, laurionite and phosgenite Notable Occurrence is limited to its type locality of Lavrio (formerly Lavrion and Laurium), Greece. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density and locality. Colors: colorless and white Hardness: 3.5
Fire Agate
This agate is a master healer when used in color therapy as it enhances, grounds, and balances. This stone ignites sexual energy and energizes the heart chakra while it burns off excess energy.
Flint
A gray, black or brown member of the quartz clan. Flint augments loyalty, courage, protection, boldness, daring, self-reliance, inner power, interpersonal communication, inspiration and overcoming shyness. Colors: gray, black, black-and-white, beige; it is often patterned Hardness: 7
Fluorapatite
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Fluorite
Fluorite is the "official" stone of Thunder Healing Reiki. As the premier stone of Thunder Healing Reiki, it has its own website:
The Fluorite Site

Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical cube and to a lesser extent, the octahedron as well as combinations of these two and other rarer isometric habits. Always with equant crystals; less common are crusts and botryoidal forms. Twinning also produces penetration twins that look like two cubes grown together. Cleavage is perfect in 4 directions forming octahedrons. Fracture is irregular and brittle. Specific Gravity is 3.1+ (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Often fluorescent blue or more rarely green, white, red or violet and may be thermoluminescent, phosphorescent and triboluminescent. Associated Minerals are many and include calcite, quartz, willemite, barite, witherite, apatite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include in addition to those mentioned above Cumberland, England; Spain; China; Brazil; Morocco; Bancroft, Ontario, Canada; Naica, Chihuahua, Mexico; Germany; Elmwood, Tennessee; Rosiclare, Illinois; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Pugh Quarry and Wood County, Ohio; Nancy Hanks Mine, Colorado and many other USA localities as well as many other localities from around the world. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color zoning, hardness (harder than calcite, but softer than quartz or apatite), fluorescence and especially the octahedral cleavage. Colors: yellow, violet, green, rainbow colored, and shades in between Hardness: 4
Fluorrichterite
Luster is vitreous to pearly to dull. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent to opaque. Crystal System is Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with an overall nearly diamond shaped cross-section with the four points usually cut by minor prism faces. The typical termination appears to be two faces of a slightly slanted dome but is actually two of the four faces of a prism. The termination faces are not only slanted toward each other but the two faces are slanted with respect to the
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long axis of the crystal as well. Some terminations are rather complex and can make the crystal appear pseudo-orthorhombic. Due to dissolution reactions after initial crystallization, the crystal faces can appear pitted and the terminations can be rounded. Twinning is commonly seen and results in a groove or notch running down the "spine" of the prismatic crystals. Cleavage is imperfect in two directions at nearly 60 and 120 degrees. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals can have a iridescent shimmer and associated minerals can be seen intergrown in some of the crystals filling pits and voids on their surface. Associated Minerals are biotite, molybdenite, cancrinite and calcite Notable Occurrence is several sites near Wilberforce, Ontario, Canada. Best Field Indicators are locality, crystal habit (especially cross-section), color, pearly luster and cleavage Colors: dark green to blue green or less commonly brown, gray and black Hardness: 6
Forsterite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include flatten tabular to box shaped crystals, but good crystals are rare. More commonly found as grains in alluvial gravels and as granular xenoliths in magnesium rich volcanic rock. Also massive. Twinning is rare, but has produced star shaped trillings. Cleavage is poor in two directions at 90 degrees, rather indistinct and rarely noticed. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 when pure Mg2SiO4 and rises with increasing iron content (somewhat above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.64 - 1.71 and has double refraction. Associated Minerals are diopside, spinel, plagioclase feldspars, chromite, magnetite, talc, hornblende, serpentine, iron-nickel meteorites and augite. Notable Occurrences are numerous and include the ancient source of Zagbargad (Zebirget) Island in the Red Sea off the coast of Egypt and Mogok, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). The type locality is Mt. Vesuvius, Italy and other localities include Kohistan, Pakistan; South Africa; Ural Mountains, Russia; Norway; Sweden; France; Minas Gerais, Brazil; Eifel, Germany; Chihuahua, Mexico; Ethiopia; Mt. Franklin, Victoria, Australia; Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Quebec Canada; China and Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii; North Carolina; Bolton, Massachusetts; Crestmore, California; New Mexico and the most productive source of peridot to date from
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Peridot Mesa, San Carlos Apache Reservation, Gila County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, hardness, mafic or metamorphic environment, lack of good cleavage and density. Colors: light green yellow to the more common yellowish green; also known to be colorless Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Fossils
Fossils are the remains of ancient creatures and plants (of millions of years ago). The uses of fossils are also ancient in of themselves. Fossils are the power tool of the Shaman and are used to amplify energy. Being something out of time itself, they can be worn to increase the lifespan. Amber and Jet are two other fossils.
Franckeite
Luster is metallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include accicular sprays and crusts. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.8 - 6.0 (above average for metallic minerals) Streak is gray-black. Associated Minerals include quartz, galena and pyrite as well as rare sulfides such as cylindrite, stannite, incaite and potosiite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Las Animas District, Bolivia and Hulcani Mine, Peru. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, color and density Colors: gray-black to gray-white Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Franklinite
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Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include octahedrons often with dodecahedral faces modifying the edges of the octahedron. The modifying can lead to an overall rounding of the crystal. Also as massive and granular. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.0 - 5.2 (slightly above average for metallic minerals) Streak is reddish brown. Other characteristics: Slightly magnetic. Associated Minerals include willemite, zincite, calcite, rhodonite and other minerals found at Franklin, New Jersey. Notable Occurrences are limited to the world famous mines at Franklin, New Jersey, USA from where franklinite gets its name. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, associations with other zinc minerals and locality Colors: dark black Hardness: 6
Fulgurite
This stone is from the Libyan desert and is used for "spirit world" work. It can also be used in the treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders.
Fuschite (Muscovite)
Fuschite is sometimes called the "stone of health" as it can help access information on health. Fuschite is also useful for help in helping one recuperate. Fuschite also can bring friendliness, compassion, and lightheartedness to many different situations. It is said to speed deep healing by assisting with recovery and immunity. It also increases energy transfer when multiple stones are used for healing purposes. Colors: green Hardness: 2 to 3
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Fulgarite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent. Crystal System: Does not apply because lechatelierite is amorphous. Habits include disseminated grains in volcanic rocks and shatter zones of meteorite impacts and as tube shaped fulgarites Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.7 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Non-fluorescent. Associated rocks are shocked quartz, volcanic rocks and sandy soils. Best Field Indicators are shape, color, density, non-fluorescence and hardness. Colors: white, colorless or pale yellow; some fulgarites can be pale brown, gray or black Hardness: 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Visit the Mango Dog Website! A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Gadolinite
Luster is vitreous to pitchy if black. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent if green, opaque if black. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include massive or embedded, also prismatic crystals with nearly diamondshaped cross-sections and slanted dome terminations. Cleavage is indistinct. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 4.0 - 4.7 (heavy for non-metallic minerals). Streak is green to gray-green. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction equals 1.79. Associated Minerals include xenotime, synchysite, aeschynite, monazite, fluorite, allanite and some feldspars. Notable Occurrences include the type locality for gadolinite-(Y) at Kopparberg, Sweden and for gadolinite-(Ce) in the Oslo region of Norway. Gadolinite in general is found as well in China; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Austria; Arizona and Colorado, USA and Switzerland among others. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, lack of good cleavage, streak, density, pitchy luster when opaque, hardness and color. Colors: black, greenish-black or green Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Gahnite
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Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are generally just translucent to almost opaque, but some slightly transparent specimens are known. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical octahedron, but can be found as dodecahedrons and cubes. Octahedrons may be truncated by dodecahedral faces and commonly show striations parallel to the octahedron-dodecahedron boundary. Twinning by the Spinel Twin Law can produce trigonal appearing crystals with three reentrant angles on the sides of the crystal. Cleavage: None Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 4.55 - 4.60 Streak is gray. Associated Minerals include calcite, spinel, franklinite and several types of garnets. Notable Occurrences include Rowe and Charlemont, Massachusetts; Spruce Pine, North Carolina; White Picacho district, Arizona; Topsham, Maine and Franklin New Jersey, USA Colors: green but also known to be blue, yellow, brown or gray Hardness: 7.5 to 8
Galaxite
Galaxite, or Galaxyite, is a micro-labradorite with intense energy. It is sometimes known as the "aura stone" because it is an energetic stoned that excels in protecting, cleansing, and balancing the aura. Galaxite is also a stone of transformation, it assists with spiritual, mystical, and intuitive growth and transformation. It enhances both the conscious intellect and the subconscious mind, and eases stress and anxiety. Galaxite is helpful for astral travel and astral projection. Galaxite is associated primarily with the crown chakra.
Galena
Harmony and holistic studies are both bolstered by the use of the stone. Galena is a primary source of lead, and as such is not recommended for internal use (such as
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making gem elixirs). It is a "stone of harmony" and brings healing, calmness, efficiency, receptivity, communication, and insight.
Garnet
The garnet is a red (sometimes slightly purple-red) stone and is used for healing, protection and strength. It is associated with strength. It strengthens the aura and creates a shield of protection for its wearer. Garnets were once exchanged by parting friends to ensure they met again. Garnet is also an important stone of romantic love and passion! It is used in metaphysics to enhance sensuality, sexuality, and intimacy. It can also assist mystically with success in one's career and building one's self-confidence. It is also a protective energy stone which is especially effective for protection from evil, and is used for gentle spiritual healing. A very specific form of garnet is favored by Thunder Healing Reiki: St. Maarten Garnet. The Garnet Group is actually a larger group than most people know. These are all garnets: ALMANDINE: reddish brown to brown ANDRADITE: brown, black or green GROSSULAR: colorless, orange or green PYROPE: dark red to ruby red SPESSARTINE: orange, pink or brown UVAROVITE: green Colors: red and dark red to rust red, as well as yellow, green, orange, and black Hardness: 7 to 7.5 depending on the variety
Gaspeite
Gaspeite is a recently discovered stone in the western hemisphere, found in 1966 and was initially a discarded byproduct of nickel sulfide mining. Emotionally, it reduces distress and brings assurance. It also reduces ignorance, particularly emotional ignorance. It also helps attracts friends and friendship. Aboriginals use gaspeite to bring visions and grant success.
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Metaphysically, gaspeite is best known for helping to bring spirituality into every day life. It brings good fortune and helps prevent loss. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are usually translucent, massive material is opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include rhombohedrons and scalenohedrons, but crystals are very rare. More commonly found massive. Cleavage is perfect in 3 directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 3.7 (somewhat heavy for a translucent mineral). Streak is yellowish green. Other Characteristics: Effervesces slightly in hydrochloric acid. Associated Minerals include millerite, pentlandite, skutterudite, annabergite and other nickel minerals. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Gaspe' Peninsula, Lemieux Township, Gaspe'-ouest County, Quebec and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and a new source of carvable material from Kambalda and Widgie Mooltha which is North of Perth, Australia. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, reaction to acids, cleavage and density. Colors: pale green to apple green Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Gaylussite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include intricately faceted prismatic to tabular crystals, but also massive and encrusting. Cleavage is perfect in two directions. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 1.9 - 2.0 (well below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include pirssonite, northupite, trona, analcime and halite. Notable Occurrences include Searles Lake, San Berardino County; Deep Spring and Owens Lake, Inyo County; Borax Lake, Lake County and China Lake, Kern County, California, USA; Gobi Desert, Mongolia and Lagunillas, Merida, Venezuela. Best Field Indicators: Crystal habit, environment of formation, cleavage, density and locality. Color: colorless, white or yellowish Hardness: 2 to 3
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Geodes
Geodes are hollow concretions containing crystals. All quartz crystals form within these geodes. When sliced open or halved, geodes reveal a pattern made of ancient minerals. Geodes help in our search for greater truth and knowledge. They provide assistance for those who seek inner peace. Geodes strengthen people and bring them together.
Gersdorffite
Gibbsite
Luster is vitreous to dull; cleavage surfaces have a pearly luster. Transparency Crystals are translucent and rarely transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habit is usually massive but rare crystals are found in flattened tabular crystals. In many bauxite specimens gibbsite is found in a pisolitic habit. Also found as botryoidal encrustations, concretionary, stalactitic and foliated masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.4 (slightly below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: When breathed on, gibbsite gives off a noticeable clay smell. Associated Minerals are boehmite, diaspore, azurite, hydrozincite and aurichalcite. Notable Occurrences include Vogelsberg, Germany; Gant, Hungary; Les Baux, France; Lavrion, Greece; Guyana and Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, hardness, smell and associations. Colors: white or colorless with shades of gray, blue and green Hardness: 2.5 to 3.5
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Glauberite
Luster is vitreous, greasy to dull. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include the steeply inclined wedge to tabular shaped dipyramidal crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7 - 2.8 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Bitter salty taste, striations on most crystal faces and glauberite will dissolve in water but not as readily as halite. Associated Minerals are calcite, halite, thenardite, gypsum and certain clays. Notable Occurrences include Saline Valley, Inyo Co. and Searles Lake, San Bernardino Co., California, Great Salt Lake, Utah, Texas, New Mexico and Verde Valley, Arizona, USA; Strassfurt, Germany; Russia; Kenya; Chile; Toledo, Spain; Salzburg, Austria; France; Canada; Sicily and India. Pseudomorphs and casts come from many of the previously mentioned localities and from Paterson and Great Notch, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, softness, cleavage, taste, solubility and striations. Colors: ordinarily white, yellow, gray or colorless Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Glaucophane
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent. Crystal System is Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include scarce prismatic to acicular crystals, usually fibrous, granular or massive. Cleavage is imperfect in two directions at nearly 56 and 124 degrees. Fracture is conchoidal to splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 3 - 3.2 (slightly above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is pale gray to blue. Other Characteristics: Pleochroic. Associated Minerals include chlorite, epidote, lawsonite, omphacite, garnets, albite, barroisite, cummingtonite, aragonite, sphene, rutile, quartz, jadeite, actinolite and pumpellyite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Syra Island, Cyclades Islands, Greece as well as numerous localities in the Coastal Range of California and the Kodiak Islands, Alaska, USA; St. Marcel, Val d'Aosta and Piollore (Biella), Italy; Anglesey, Wales, UK; Australia and Japan. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit (especially cross-section), color, luster, environment of
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formation, associations and cleavage. Colors: blue to dull gray Hardness: 5 to 6
Glendonite
Glendonite is a teaching stone of learning, discovery, and understanding. It supports the learning process by helping process information and thoughts. It also is favored as a stone that enhances family life.
Gmelinite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include tabular to platy crystals with a clear hexagonal outline. The crystals have a gently sloping hexagonal dipyramid that terminates the top and bottom of the crystal that are often truncated by pinacoidal faces. The overall effect gives the look of an angular classic UFO flying saucer. Twinning is common with penetration twins. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.0 - 2.1 (very light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Vertical striations are seen on the dipyramidal faces. Associated Minerals are quartz, calcite, chabazite, phillipsite, natrolite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Siegerland, Germany; Glenarm, Northern Ireland; New Jersey and Faroe Islands. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, hardness and associations. Colors: clear, white, pink, yellowish and reddish Hardness: 4.5
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Goethite
Luster is earthy to dull for massive forms and metallic for crystals. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic and platy crystals, massive and aggregate forms include internally radiating or fibrous; reniform, botryoidal and stalactitic. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven to splintery. Specific Gravity is variable at 3.3 to 4.3 (light for metallic minerals) Streak is brown, brownish yellow to orange yellow. Associated Minerals include a large list of minerals (particularly secondary deposit minerals). Notable Occurences include many iron mines around the world; especially nice specimens come from England, Mexico, and the Lake Superior region in Michigan, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak and tarnish. Colors: yellow, brown, brownish red to black, sometimes "tarnished" with iridescent colors Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Gold
Gold is purifying, healing, balancing, it attracts honors, and contains masculine energy. Gold can balance energy fields, and is beneficial for opening and balancing the third eye and crown chakras. It can remove negative energy from the chakras and bring in the positive from the stones it is with. It has been used to bring wealth, happiness and good feelings. Gold is a mineral of spirituality, understanding, and attunement to nature. It attracts positive energy and is a great healing mineral. Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include massive nuggets and disseminated grains. Also wires, dendritic and arborescent crystal clusters. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is jagged. Streak is golden yellow. Specific Gravity is 19.3+ (extremely heavy even for metallic minerals) Associated Minerals include quartz, nagyagite, calaverite, sylvanite, krennerite, pyrite and other sulfides. Other Characteristics: ductile, malleable and sectile, meaning it can be pounded into other shapes, stretched into a wire and cut into slices. Notable Occurrences include California and South Dakota, USA; Siberia, Russia; South Africa; Canada and other localities around the world.
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Best Field Indicators are color, density, hardness, sectility, malleability and ductility. Colors: golden yellow Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Goosecreekite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include prismatic, irregular and blocky crystals. Twinning is common and results in parallel growth. Cleavage is poor. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 - 2.5 (light). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, calcite, epistilbite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India and Luck Goose Creek Quarry in Loudon Co., Virginia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, hardness and associations. Colors: clear and/or white Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Goshenite
Goshenite is colorless beryl. It is a stone of truthfulness. Goshenite bring self-control, creativity, and originality. It makes communication easier and can stabilize relationships. Goshenite can be used for healing the leg muscles.
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Graemite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic deeply grooved crystals. Cleavage is good in one direction (prismatic). Specific Gravity is approximately 4.1 (heavier than average for translucent minerals). Streak is pale green. Other Characteristics: Specimens are usually striated. Associated Minerals include cuprite, malachite, teineite, goethite, gypsum, quartz and tourmaline. Notable Occurrences are limited to the type locality of the Cole Shaft near Bisbee, Arizona, USA. Other localities include the Dome Rock Mountains in La Paz County, Arizona and Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are locality, color, density, associations and cleavage. Colors: green to blue-green Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Granite
Encourages us to go with the flow, and helps us find our highest path. Teaches us to live in a state of grace.
Graphite
Used during healing to enhance the energy transfer from a healer to the subject of the healing. Also excellent when used in wands, and is the stone of personal freedom. Luster is metallic to dull. Transparency crystals are opaque Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include massive lamellar veins and earthy masses. also as scaly granules in metamorphic rocks. Specific Gravity is 2.2 (well below average) Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is flaky.
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Streak is black gray to brownish gray. Associated Minerals include quartz, calcite, micas, iron meteorites and tourmalines. Other Characteristics: thin flakes are flexible but inelastic, mineral can leave black marks on hands and paper, weakly conducts electricity. Notable Occurrences include New York and Texas, USA; Russia; Mexico; Greenland and India. Best Field Indicator is softness, luster, density and streak Colors: black silver Hardness: 1 to 2
Gratonite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Trigonal; 3 Crystal Habits include rhombohedral as well as hexagonal prismatic crystals capped by three rhombohedral faces. Clusters can be found in rosette-like aggregates, also massive. Cleavage: None. v Fracture: Subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 6.2 (heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is gray. Notable Occurrences are limited to the Excelsior Mine, Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, color and density Colors: dark lead gray Hardness: 2.5
Greenocktite
Luster is adamantine to resinous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6 m m Crystal Habits include small tapering hemimorphic six sided pyramids and platy hexagonal crystals. Also seen as crusts or dustings over crystals of calcite, smithsonite and sphalerite. Cleavage is poor in one direction (basal) and good in three other directions (prismatic). Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 - 5 (much heavier than average).
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Streak is red, orange or light brown. Other Characteristics: Striations on pyramidal faces parallel to base, an index of refraction of 2.50 - 2.52 and is soluble in hydrochloric acid giving off hydrogen sulfide gas Associated Minerals include fluorite, chalcopyrite, quartz, smithsonite, calcite, pyrite, sphalerite, marcasite and prehnite. Notable Occurrences include Greenock (hence the name), Scotland; Llallagua, Bolivia; Paterson, New Jersey; Joplin, Missouri; Arkansas, Illinois and Kentucky, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, streak and cleavage Colors: honey yellow, orange, red or light to dark brown Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Grossular
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical rhombic dodecahedron. Also seen is the 24 sided trapezohedron. Combinations of these forms are common and sometimes the rare faces of the hexoctahedron, a 48 sided crystal habit that rarely is seen by itself, can also combine with these other forms making very attractive, complex and multifaceted crystals. Massive and granular occurrences are also seen. Commonly forms crusts that show many rhombic faces Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5+ (above average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are micas, chlorite, diopside, calcite, idocrase and serpentine. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.75 and many faces show a sort of striation caused by multiple crystal forms. Notable Occurrences are Asbestos, Canada; Mexico; Kenya; Italy and Sri Lanka. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, environment and hardness. Colors: colorless, yellow, orange, green, red, grey and black Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Gypsum
Relieves stagnation and offers level-headedness.
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Luster is vitreous to pearly especially on cleavage surfaces. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the tabular, bladed or blocky crystals with a slanted parallelogram outline. The pinacoid faces dominate with jutting prism faces on the edges of the tabular crystals. Long thin crystals show bends and some specimens bend into spirals called "Ram's Horn Selenite." Two types of twinning are common and one produces a "spear head twin" or "swallowtail twin" while the other type produces a "fishtail twin". Also massive, crusty, granular, earthy and fiberous. Cleavage is good in one direction and distinct in two others. Fracture is uneven but rarely seen. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3+ (light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are halite, calcite, sulfur, pyrite, borax and many others. Other Characteristics: thin crystals are flexible but not elastic, meaning they can be bent but will not bend back on their own. Also some samples are fluorescent. Gypsum has a very low thermal conductivity (hence it's use in drywall as an insulating filler). A crystal of Gypsum will feel noticeably warmer than a like crystal of quartz. Notable Occurances include Naica, Mexico; Sicily; Utah and Colorado, USA; and many other locallities throughout the world. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, flexible crystals, cleavage and hardness. Colors: white, colorless or gray, but can also be shades of red, brown and yellow Hardness: 2
Gyrolite
Gyrolite is a mineral that has positive effects on other minerals by activating them and cleansing them. It is used to connect the physical body with the energetic body. Gyrolite facilitates meditation and brings the wisdom of ancient civilizations, insight, willpower, and stability to its user. It is also said to assist with self-confidence, as well as overcome excessive introversion and addictive behaviors. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include the nodules described above. Nodules or concretions are lamellar to fiberous. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven.
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Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3+ (below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: lacks the luster of smithsonite and prehnite is usually greener in color. Associated Minerals are okenite, apophyllite, quartz, laumontite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; California and Northern Ireland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster and associations. Colors: white or colorless, green or brown Hardness: 3 to 4 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Hackmanite (Sodalite)
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Halite (see Salt)

Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits are predominantly cubes and in massive sedimentary beds, but also granular, fibrous and compact. Some crystals show a crystal type called a hopper crystal described above. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming cubes. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.1+ (light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include other evaporite deposit minerals such as several sulfates, halides and borates. Other Characteristics: Salty taste. Notable Occurrences include Searles Lake, California and Utah in the U.S., Germany, and Mulhouse, France. Best Field Indicators are taste, cleavage and crystal habit Colors: colorless, pink, bluish; rock salt is transparent Hardness: 2
Hambergite
Colorless or white. Helps us stick to our beliefs. Fosters idealism, character and truth.
Hanksite
Luster is vitreous Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m.
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Crystal Habits include the typical hexagonal dipyramid terminating an hexagonal prism. The pyramids are often truncated by pinacoids. The six faces of the pyramids are aligned with the six faces of the prism. Tabular and twinned crystals are also common. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 (slightly below average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Has a salty taste, a white powdery film will often cloud crystals and some specimens are fluorescent yellowish-white under longwave ultraviolet light. Associated Minerals are halite, borax, trona, nahcolite, tincalconite and other evaporite minerals. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Searles Lake, San Bernardino County as well as Mono Lake, Mono County, California and other evaporite locations. Best Field Indicators include crystal habit, taste, occurrences and associations. Colors: colorless, white, gray, green or yellow; rarely black Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Hardystonite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to opaque, rarely transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal. Crystal Habits include massive and granular specimens. Cleavage is perfect in two directions and fair in two other directions (all prismatic). Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4+ (above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluoresces a dark violet to blue color under short-wave UV light and no fluorescence under long-wave UV light. Associated Minerals include willemite, esperite, zincite, franklinite, calcite and especially clinohedrite. Notable Occurrence is limited to its type locality: North Hill Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are fluorescence, associations, locality and cleavage. Colors: white to less commonly pale pink or brown Hardness: 3 to 4
Harmotone
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Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent, often milky. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include a classic penetration twinned crystal that is seemingly composed of three prismatic crystals growing through each other at near 90 degree angles. Although examples showing a perfectly formed twin crystal are scarce, twinning is wide spread and almost all crystals of harmotome are twinned. Aggregates can be radiating and columnar. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 - 2.5 (light, but heavier than most zeolites). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, heulandite, stilbite, pyrite, brewsterite, edingtonite, barite and other barium and some manganese minerals. Notable Occurrences include several localities in Germany also found at Kongsberg, Norway; Strontian, Highland, Scotland; Wales, Westchester Co., New York, USA and in other localities around the world. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, twinning, density, hardness and associations. Colors: colorless, white and yellowish Hardness: 4.5
Hauynite
A transparent blue. Helps us gain respect, honor, esteem and admiration.
Hedenbergite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include short prismatic (with a square cross section) and accicular, rarely fibrous crystals. Good crystals are rare, more commonly compact, granular, lamellar and massive. Cleavage is perfect in two lengthwise directions at close to right angles and a basal parting direction is sometimes seen. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 - 3.6 (above average)
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Streak is white to pale green. Associated Minerals are wollastonite, grossular, andradite, magnetite, actinolite, galena, rhodonite and calcite. Notable Occurrences include Fresno Co., California and Franklin New Jersey, USA; Nordmark Sweden; Broken Hill, Australia and Elba and Tuscany, Italy and Kazakhstan. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color, fracture and cleavage. Colors: black, greenish black, dark green and dark brown Hardness: 5 to 6
Hedyphane
Luster is greasy to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6 2 2 Crystal Habits include generally massive or granular habits. Cleavage is poor in several directions, but rarely seen. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.8 - 5.9 (rather heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are richterite, aegirine, hematite, svabite and tilasite. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.95 (typically high for lead minerals). Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Langban Mine, Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden and other Varmland mines. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, luster, color and locality. Colors: white, gray, bluish or yellowish, but can also be red-violet and green Hardness: 4.5
Heliodor
The light green or yellowish-green transparent heliodor has a stimulating effect on the solar plexus chakra. Colors: this is a variety of beryl that ranges from blue-green to yellow Hardness: 7.5 to 8
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Heliotrope
This stone is used to combat inflammation. Is also an excellent stone for the heart. It cleanses and fortifies blood-carrying organs such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen. Heliotrope works well on the heart chakra. Colors: opaque dark green with pink, orange and red spots, strikes Hardness: 7
Hematite
This stone has grounding and healing properties. It is heavy, solid and silvery black. To the ancients, "hematite" was not what we currently call hematite, but instead what we have come to call bloodstone -- so all ancient referrals to hematite actually refer to bloodstone. Hematite possess the curious property of healing itself. Hematite is known as a "stone for the mind". It brings mental organization and is very grounding and calming. It helps with original thinking, logical thinking, and mathematics. It decreases negativity and can help balance the body/mind/spirit. When in the presence of a myriad of crystals with fluctuating and unwanted energetic effect, this stone will help ground you and neutralize any negative effects being perceived. Hematite is exceptionally good at grounding out excess energy and acting as a stabilizing force. Many people use Hematite as a basis for other stones and crystals, or in cleansing/purifying activities in regard to other stones and crystals. Luster is metallic or dull in earthy and oolitic forms. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular crystals of varying thickness sometimes twinned, micaceous (specular), botryoidal and massive. also earthy or oolitic. Cleavage is absent however there is a parting on two planes. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 5.3 (slightly above average for metallic minerals) Streak is blood red to brownish red for earthy forms.
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Associated Minerals include jasper (a variety of quartz) in banded iron formations (BIF or Tiger Iron), dipyramidal quartz, rutile, and pyrite among others. Notable Occurrences especially nice specimens come from England, Mexico, Brazil, Australia and the Lake Superior region. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak and hardness. Colors: gray-black, dark reddish-brown, shiny metallic Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5
Hemimorphite
Hemimorphite is a stone that helps one attain a positive self-image including self-esteem and self-respect. It assists in personal growth on all levels, and helps one evolve and transform in healthy ways. Hemimorphite is a stone that bring joy and creativity to one's life. Hemimorphite is sometimes used for protection from malice and poisoning. Additionally, hemimorphite brings good fortune and good luck. Physically, hemimorphite is great for general healing purposes and is especially helpful with pain relief. Hemimorphite is associated with the heart chakra. Luster is vitreous in large crystals to dull in more compact forms. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; mm2 Crystal Habits include the bladed crystal form and the botryoidal form as the most common. The crystals are usually elongated and flat. The terminations are different at each end. One termination is blunted by a pedion face that is usually bevelled by several dome faces. The other end is pointed, being capped by a pyramid. The other common form is botryoidal producing a grape bunch texture. Often the botryoidal form has a cock's comb appearance showing rough crystal terminations. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal to subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4+ (above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include limonite, aurichalcite, calcite and smithsonite. Other Characteristics: strongly pyroelectric and piezoelectric. Notable Occurrences include Santa Eulalia and Mapimi, Mexico; New Mexico and New Jersey, USA: England and Zambia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density and luster. Colors: blue-green, green, white, colorless, brown and yellow Hardness: 4.5 to 5
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Herderite
Herderite is used in the treatment of behavioral problems. It is a good choice of stone to promote the leader within. It also allows us to be leaders in group settings by bringing harmony and cooperation into group settings. It may also be used for psychic work and to help us develop passion. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a complex, but over all domal termination. The prism faces may be rounded and etched. Twinning is common forming cyclic twins that have a malformed hexagonal tabular crystal. The "malformation" usually results in a crystal that looks more orthorhombic than hexagonal and are easily confused with crystals of barite. Other types of twinning can form "fishtail" twins similar to gypsum's famous twins. Also found in nodules, fibrous aggregates, radiating clusters and small grains. Cleavage is indistinct in two directions (prismatic). Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.0 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Thermoluminescent, meaning it may glow with a weak blue light upon extreme heating (but this test may damage the specimen). Also sometimes fluorescent, showing deep blue in longwave ultraviolet light. Associated Minerals include those minerals common to phosphatic grantite pegamtites. Notable Occurrences include Golconda Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil; several locations in Germany and Mursinsk, Russia. It the United States there are several locations that produce plentiful supplies of good crystals such as Newry, Stoneham and Topsham, Maine; Fletcher Mine, Alexandria, New Hampshire and San Diego County, California. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, fluorescence if seen, hardness and localities. Colors: colorless, white, yellowish or pale green to blue-green Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Herkimer Diamond
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Herkimer Diamonds have been used facilitate lucid dreaming, remembering dreams & entering higher states of consciousness. They are also used for relaxation, acceptance of self, and calming old fears They are commonly used to assist with clairvoyance and clairaudience. Colors: grey-white to translucent Hardness: 7
Hessite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2. Crystal Habits include pseudo-cubic to prismatic crystals; fibrous and massive forms are also known. Cleavage: Indistinct in one direction. Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is 8.2 - 8.3 (much heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is gray. Other Characteristics: Specimens are sectile. Associated Minerals include gold, quartz, altaite, petzite, sylvanite, chlorargyrite, chlorite, keystoneite, silver, tellurium, coloradoite, thalcusite, tetradymite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and other sulfides. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Sacaramb (nagyag), Transylvania, Romania as well as San Sebastian and Jalisco, Mexico; Zavodinsk Mine, Altai Mountains, Kazakhstan; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada and in the United States: Tierra Blanca, Sierra County, New Mexico; Calaveras, Nevada; Cash Mine, Boulder County and Cripple Creek, Colorado; Ross Hannibal Mine, Lawrence County, South Dakota; Tombstone, Arizona; the McAlpine Mine, Tuolumne County and Carson Hill, Calaveras County, California; Eureka Standard Mine, Utah County, Utah and the Flambeau Copper Mine, Ladysmith, Wisconsin. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, color, sectility, lack of good cleavage, softness and density. Colors: steel gray to lead gray Hardness: 1.5 to 2
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Hessonite
Clears negativity, eliminates feelings of inferiority, and promotes positive change. Hessonite Garnet is a "stone of creativity." Used on the third chakra, Hessonite will stimulate creativity on all levels. This stone can be used to encourage self-respect, respect of others, and spiritual growth. Hessonite also allows us to release outworn or unusable ideas, views, agreements, and behavioral patterns which we have out grown. On the physical level, Hessonite is used to regulate hormone production, stimulates metabolism, fortifies the immune system, and encourages absorption of nutrients. Colors: various shades of brown and orange Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Heulandite
This stone is very helpful with past life recall, weight loss, keeping an open mind, and helping one deal with loss. Heulandite is in the zeolites family of minerals and has been grown aboard the space shuttle. Heulandite is a stone that promotes receptiveness especially in difficult situations. As a psychic tool, heulandite is used for past-life recall. Physically, heulandite can assist with weight loss, balance, and inner ear problems, foot issues, and respiration. Heulandite is considered to be associated primarily with the crown chakra. Luster is vitreous to pearly on the most prominent pinacoid face and on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Crystals are transparent but most commonly translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include blocky crystals described as diamond-shaped, trapezoidal and old fashioned coffin shape with the two faces of a pinacoid usually prominent. Crystals are often modified by secondary faces with pairs of triangular faces very common. Prismatic and acicular forms are also known and are difficult to identify as heulandite. In aggregate specimens this face can be oriented upward producing a crust of curved pearly faces or it can be oriented to the side where the tops of the crystals jut out like the roof tops of a suburban community. Crystals can be simple or complexly modified by a variety of prism and pinacoid faces. Cleavage is perfect in one direction parallel to the prominent pinacoid face. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.1 - 2.3 (very light due to the open channels and high water content). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are extensive and include quartz, calcite, apophyllite, barite, pyrite, prehnite, pollucite, tourmaline, scolecite, analcime, chabazite, ferrierite, mordenite, laumontite,
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natrolite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences are wide spread and include Poona and Nasik Districts, India; Iceland; New Jersey; Washington; Boron, California; Patterson, New Jersey; Arizona and Oregon, USA; Nova Scotia and Quebec, Canada; Iran; Sardinia, Italy; Rio Grande do Sul and Goias, Brazil; New South Wales and Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia; New Zealand; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Scotland and Rhone Valley, Switzerland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, cleavage, luster and associations. Colors: colorless, white, gray, green, pink, yellow, red, brown and black Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Hiddenite
Hiddenite is the green variety of spodumene, and kunzite is the pink variety. It is a stone that is known best for attracting prosperity. It also is a heart chakra stone that provides protection and support for the emotions. Hiddenite helps relieve loss, particularly in the areas of love or money. It is a very calming stone, and helps engender compassion for others. It also brings trust to relationships of all kinds. Psychically, it is said to help connect with other worlds and help transfer knowledge from them and bring insight. It also stimulates the intellect. Physically it is helpful for helping regain youthful-type vigor, skin issues, and circulation, plus any diseases from repressed emotions. Colors: light to dark green, translucent Hardness: 6
Hilairite
Luster is vitreous to waxy. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent and opaque. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include small prismatic (three or six sided) crystals with rhombohedral terminations.
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Twinning is common and crystals are found doubly terminated. Cleavage is not observed. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.72 - 2.74 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are gaidonnayite, mangan-neptunite, nenadkevichite, quartz, microcline, albite, calcite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, polylithionite, rhodochrosite, elpidite, catapleiite, chlorite, goethite, epididymite, zircon, analcime, natrolite, fluorite, eudialyte, ancylite and aegirine. Notable Occurrence is limited to Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators: crystal habit, color, luster and locality. Colors: bronze yellow or dark brown to pink Hardness: 4
Hinsdalite
Luster is vitreous to greasy. Transparency: Specimens are mostly translucent to small crystals being transparent. Crystal System is trigonal. Crystal Habits include pseudocubic and pseudotetragonal rhombohedrons and modified rhombohedrons. Clusters of spherical flakes and tablets are known. Faces tend to be curved and striated. Granular or massive formations are also seen. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.7 (above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include chalcocite, galena, pyrite, sphalerite, covelite, bornite, pyrophyllite and quartz. Notable Occurrences are limited to the type locality at the Golden Fleece Mine, Lake City, Hinsdale County (hence the name), Colorado as well as locations at Butte, Montana; Ithaca Peak Mine, Mohave County, Arizona and Slate Mountain, El Dorado County, California, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness, density and locality. Colors: yellow, golden-yellow, greenish yellow, green to colorless Hardness: 4.5
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Hodgkinsonite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include blocky to stubby prismatic crystals. Microcrystals display a acutely sharp pyramidal crystal form. Also massive and vein filling. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9 (above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Does not fluoresce often, but some specimens have shown a red fluorescence under longwave UV light. Associated Minerals include barite, willemite, zincite, tephroite, pyrochroite, spessartine, copper, franklinite, calcite and descloizite. Notable Occurrences are limited to its type locality: Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are locality, color, crystal habit, cleavage and associations. Colors: lavender, violet, pink, brown, yellow, orange Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Holey Stones (Odin Stones)

These are stones with naturally occurring holes produced by erosion or other natural forces. These stones promote psychism, health and protection. To assist in healing, charge a holey stone and wear it around your neck. Rocks with holes such as these have long been used for protection. In ancient times, as well as today, they are hung from your bedpost to prevent nightmares.
Hopeite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to more commonly translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a slightly asymmetrical hexagonal outline. Terminations can have simple dome faces or be more complex. Also druzy clusters and compact masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white.
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Associated Minerals are lazulite, parahopeite and some secondary zinc ore deposit minerals. Notable Occurrences include Kabwe, Zambia; Salmo, British Columbia, Canada and Altenburg, Belgium. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, localities, associations with other zinc ores and/or phosphate minerals and translucency. Colors: colorless, white to off-white, yellow or gray Hardness: 3
Howlite
Howlite decreases overly critical thinking, selfishness, stress, pain, and rudeness. Aids in memory retention and increases subtlety and tact. It helps bones, teeth, calcium levels and leg cramps. It also heightens creativity. Luster is dull to sub-vitreous (porcelaneous) and earthy. Transparency crystals are opaque to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include cauliflower-like nodules and compact sometimes micaceous masses. Crystals are rare, but minute (1mm size) tabular six sided crystals sometimes aggregated into rosettes are found and some nodules will have crystal faces on their surfaces (mostly from Nova Scotia). Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.6 (slightly below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Sometimes fluoresces a blue, yellowish white or off white color under shortwave UV light and dissolves in hydrochloric acid solution without bubbling. Associated Minerals include colemanite, ulexite, anhydrite, gypsum, colemanite and clays. Notable Occurrences include Latonville Quarry, Brookville, Windsor (the type locality) and Iona, Nova Scotia; Newfoundland and New Brunswick, Canada; Sterling Borax Mine, Tick Canyon and Lang, Los Angeles County; Gower Gulch, Inyo County and Daggett, San Bernardino County and other borate deposits in California, USA. Best Field Indicators are nodular character, color, solubility in HCl, luster, lack of cleavage and softness. Colors: white with gray to black streaks, web-like markings and blotches Hardness: 3.5
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Huebnerite
Luster is resinous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the flat, heavily modified, tabular crystals. The crystals are elongated along the c axis and are generally flattened in the a axis direction. Also as columnar aggregates and lamellar masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction parallel to the a and c axes. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.0 (heavy even for metallic minerals) Streak is brown or gray. Associated Minerals are quartz, hematite, tourmalines, cassiterite, micas and pyrite. Other Characteristics: crystals striated lengthwise. Notable Occurrences include Nanling Range, China; France; North Carolina, Idaho and Colorado, USA; Russia; Peru; England and Bolivia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, luster and cleavage. Colors: yellow to reddish brown Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Humite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are translucent. Crystal System: Orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include small prismatic to rounded crystals, but as is most commonly the case, as embedded grains. Cleavage is poor in one direction, basal. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.2 - 3.3 Streak is white. Associated Minerals include magnetite, diopside, spinel, biotite, serpentine, chondrodite, olivine and calcite. Notable Occurrences are include Monte Somma, Mount Vesuvius, Italy; Paragas, Finland; Varmland, Sweden; Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, New York, USA and some other localities. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, environment of formation and hardness Colors: yellow, white, brown, or orange Hardness: 6
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Hureaulite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include small prismatic crystals with slanted pinacoidal faces sometimes in radiating clusters. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 (slightly above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are elbaite, reddingite, rockbridgeite, phosphoferrite and other secondary phosphates. Notable Occurrences include Mesquitela Quarry, Portugal; Rio Grande do Norte-paraiba, Brazil; Palermo Mine, North Groton, New Hampshire and San Diego, California, USA and from where it gets its name, Hureaux, France. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, associations and crystal habit. Colors: pink, shades of gray, yellow, red, and brown Hardness: 5
Hydroboracite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include acicular or fibrous radiating clusters and finely granular masses. Tiny crystals have a wedge-shaped termination. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 (below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are halite, anhydrite, tunellite, colemanite, ulexite and other borates especially borax. Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Lake Inder, Caucasus Mountains in Southwest Asia; Harz Mountains, Germany; the Furnace Creek Formation of Inyo County and the Boron open-pit mine, Kern County, California, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, locality, luster and density. Colors: colorless, white to brownish Hardness: 2 to 3
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Hydromagnesite
Luster is silky, vitreous to earthy. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include acicular, lathlike and platy crystals. Tiny spherical aggregates called "puffballs" are found attached to artinite crystals. A type of cave formation called "bubbles" which looks like white chewing gum bubbles are quite unique. Also found as concretions, encrustations and massive. Specific Gravity is 2.15 - 2.25 (very light) Cleavage is perfect in one direction and distinct in another. Fracture is uneven. Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluorescent green in shortwave UV and bluish white in longwave UV light and crystals can be striated. Associated Minerals include serpentine, artinite, aragonite, calcite, periclase, brucite, pyrrhotite, talc and olivine. Notable Occurrences include Alameda County; New Idria, San Benito County; Fresno County and other localities in California; Staten Island and Long Island, New York; Jewel Cave, South Dakota and the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA; Soghan Mine, Kerman, Iran; Eastern Pyrenees, France; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy and British Columbia, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, associations, softness and density. Colors: colorless to white Hardness: 3.5
Hydroxylapatite
Luster is vitreous to greasy and gumdrop. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m Crystal Habits include the typical hexagonal prism with the hexagonal pyramid or a pinacoid or both as a termination. Also accicular, granular, reniform and massive. A cryptocrystalline variety is called collophane and can make up a rock type called phosphorite and also can replace fossil fragments.
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Cleavage is indistinct in one basal direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.2 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Notable Occurrences include Durango, Mexico; Bancroft, Ontario; Germany and Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness and look. Colors: green, yellow, blue, reddish-brown, and purple Hardness: 5
Hydrozincite
Luster is vitreous or pearly to dull or earthy in massive specimens. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include massive forms that can be layered, stalactitic, concretionary, fibrous, and encrusting. Crystal are rare, but when found are usually thin, bladed and tapering to a point or in radiating tufts of acicular crystals. Specific Gravity is 3.5 - 3.8+ (above average for non-metallic minerals) Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven or fibrous. Streak is white. Associated Minerals include sphalerite, limonite, smithsonite, hemimorphite and calcite. Other Characteristics: is fluorescent (blue) in UV light and effervesces easily in cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences include Iran; England; Austria; Mexico; southwestern USA, and Australia. Best Field Indicators are fluorescence (blue), crystal habits, single plane of cleavage, localities, and reaction to acid. Colors: white or clear, some tinted pale colors are possible Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Hypersthene
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Weathered specimens can have a submetallic luster ("bronzite").
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Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent and rarely transparent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include rare individual crystals that have a stubby prismatic habit. More typically massive or in coarse lamellar or fibrous aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in two directions at nearly 90 degrees. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4 - 3.9+ (above average for non-metallic minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is approximately 1.69 - 1.77. Associated Minerals include iron and stony meteorites, olivine, biotite, quartz, feldspars such as labradorite and certain types of garnets such as almandine. Notable Occurrences include the North Creek, New York, USA and Labrador, Canada. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, hardness, cleavage, index of refraction and luster. Colors: gray, brown or green Hardness: 5 to 6 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Idocrase
(see Vesuvianite) Luster is vitreous or greasy to resinous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with an overall square cross-section. There is usually two sets of four sided prisms with one set being dominant. The termination is usually a four sided pyramid that can be either steeply or gently sloped. The faces of the pyramids align with the faces of the prisms making an edge that is perpendicular to the length of the crystal (as opposed to the tetragonal mineral apophyllite). A pinacoid can truncate the pyramid or form the entire termination. Massive forms are common and difficult to distinguish from massive garnet. Cleavage poor, in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 3.3 - 3.5 Streak is white. Other Characteristics: striated lengthwise and is slightly pleochroic. Associated Minerals are garnets, calcite, wollastonite, diopside and serpentine. Notable Occurances Asbestos, Quebec, Canada; California and the New England region of USA; Mt Vesuvius, Italy; Ural Mountains, Russia and Switzerland. Best Field Indicators crystal habit, color, cleavage and localities Colors: normally green, but also can be brown, yellow, blue, and purple Hardness: 6.5
Ilvaite
Luster is submetallic or resinous. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include elongated crystals with an overall diamond-shaped cross-section and wedge-shaped terminations. Also as platy crystals and in massive, compact and columnar specimens.
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Cleavage very poor, in one direction lengthwise. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.8 - 4.1 Streak is brownish black. Associated Minerals are arsenopyrite, stilbite, hematite, magnetite and pyrite. Other Characteristics: crystals are usually striated lengthwise. Notable Occurances Rio Marina, Elba, Italy; Serifos, Greece; Idaho and Greenland. Best Field Indicators crystal habit, color, hardness, cleavage and localities. Colors: normally black, but also brownish black to dark gray Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Ilmenite
Luster is metallic, submetallic to dull when tarnished. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Trigonal; bar 3 Crystal Habits include thin and thick tabular crystals with rhombohedral truncations (similar to hematite's tabular habits); sometimes formed into rosettes. Also granular and massive. Occurs as grains in placer sands. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal or uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.5 - 5.0 (average for metallic minerals). Streak is brownish black. Other Characteristics: Sometimes magnetic (will always become magnetic if heated) and there is basal and rhombohedral parting. Associated Minerals include zircon, hematite, magnetite, rutile, spinel, analcime, albite, apatite, monazite, calcite, natrolite, microcline, olivine, pyrrhotite, biotite nepheline and quartz. Notable Occurrences are wide spread and include the type locality from where it gets its name, Ilmen Lake in the Ilmen Mountains, Miask in the Southern portions of the Ural Mountain Chain, Russia as well as Sweden; Germany; Froland, Arendal and Kragero, Norway; Gilgit, Pakistan; Allard Lake and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec and Bancroft, Ontario, Canada; Finland; the Eastern Shores of Australia and Brazil, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, South Africa, India, Malaysia, Sierra Leone and in Orange County and Essex County, New York; Iron Mountain, Wyoming; Chester, Massachusetts; several sites in California and along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, lack of cleavage, luster, associations and streak. Colors: black Hardness: 5 to 6
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Indicolite
(see Tourmaline) Colors: shades of blue Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Inesite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with chisel-like terminations. Also tabular and fibrous and in radiating aggregates and sphericules. Cleavage is good in one direction and perfect in another. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale pink. Other Characteristics: Tarnishes to a brown color. Associated Minerals are rhodonite, serpentine, axinite, rhodochrosite and apophyllite. Notable Occurrences include New Broken Hill Mine, Australia; Nanzenbach, Germany; Trinity Co., California, USA and Durango, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and luster. Colors: pink, orange, orange-red, rose Hardness: 6
Infinite
Infinite is often called "a healer's stone." It is particularly useful for healers, athletes, chronic pain sufferers, and others who have an ongoing need for healing energies. Infinite is a soothing and calming stone.
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It can be used to draw pain out from affected areas. It does, however, need to be cleansed regularly. It is excellent for the treatment of joints, muscles, connective tissue, and is excellent at pain relief. It has been called a miracle stone.
Iolite (Cordierite)
A clear bluish-lavender mineral. Opens a light pathway from Throat Chakra up through Crown. Truth, simplicity, imagery, and peace are associated with Iolite. Iolite is considered a strong "Shaman" stone, and can stimulate visions. This is a good stone to use with alcohol and general addictions, use it as a detoxification, and to maintain sobriety. Iolite is one of the best stones to use in psychic, healing, and spiritual activities. It can open one to psychic talents and expand them, and is excellent for use on the third eye and crown chakras. It can also enhance curiosity. It is also an excellent stone for meditation and astral travel. It helps one grow spiritually in a peaceful approach. Iolite is also said to help build relationships. Colors: gray, blue, violet Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Iron
This metal is traditionally said to promote balance, strength, endurance, protection, longevity, persistence, emotional stability, favorable legal situations, efficiency and skill. Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits crystal form is extremely rare, when etched, meteoritic examples may show interesting and complicated intergrowths of cystals according to different nickel-iron concentrates. Terrestrial samples are massive and appear as small flakes and irregular masses. Meteoritic samples are usually rounded, pitted and irregular.
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Cleavage is absent but crystals will have distinct parallel partings. Fracture is hackly. Streak is gray metallic. Specific Gravity is 7.3-7.8 (heavy even for metallic) Other Characteristics: malleable, strongly attracted to magnets. Associated Minerals are olivine, pyroxenes, and some minerals that are only found in meteorites. In terrestrial samples it is found with gold and platinum and with sulfide ores. Notable Occurrences for meteoritic iron are best found in Antarctica, where meteorites are easy to spot against a background of snow and ice. Many specimens are found in Diablo Canyon, Arizona, USA; and in Gibbeon, Hoba, Namibia. Also Meteor Crater (Barringer Crater), Arizona, USA; Australia; Poland and elsewhere. For terrestrial iron, good specimens can be found in the Kola Pennisula, Russia; Disco Island, Greenland; Kassel, Germany and New Zealand. Best Field Indicators are color, malleability, attraction to magnets and forms. Colors: steel gray or black Hardness: 4 to 5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Jade (Jadeite) (Nephrite) (Actinolite)

Jade was and is a sacred stone in China. Its receptive qualities promote love, healing, longevity, and wisdom. They are good gardening stones. Ancient instruments were carved of jade and jade is believed to have the power over the weather. In New Zealand, jade images of ancestral figures are worn in ceremonies. I have several pieces of New Zealand Jade that my husband, Allen, got me on some of his trips there. These pieces have tremendous healing properties as well as general heart chakra balancing properties. Jade can attract and enhance love. It is also a stone of fidelity and generosity. It is considered to be good for the physical heart and for emotional balance and stability. Jade is also a stone of abundance and prosperity (and luck). This stone is protective and will guard against accidents. The Chinese sensed in jade the power to prolong life. Jade has been used as a scared stone for centuries. This gem stone is the ultimate symbol of calm and serenity. It helps bring serenity to the mind by releasing negative thoughts. A stone of balance and healing, it alleviates anxiety and fear based emotions. Vibrates in harmony with the Heart Chakra unlike any other stone. Opens up the heart Chakra to love energy . Spirituality: Jade is said to encourage self-realization and help us to recognize ourselves as spiritual beings. Longevity: For almost a thousand years, jadeite has been worshiped and ingested for its life-extending powers, believed to bring the holder a long and fruitful life . Luck: Know as a good luck and prosperity charm for centuries. Detachment: Helps you to be calm and accept your surroundings for what they are, instilling a sense of detachment to the chaos, and not claiming it for your own. Discernment: Helps the wearer to sense the truth in all situations. Dreams: Helps one with remember their dreams, and provide help with dream-solving. Aids dream recall if placed under pillow. Desires: Also helps you in bringing your dreams into reality, and in making all things possible. Love Stone: given by lovers as a statement of their love and devotion to each other, and used in lovemaking for its known erotic properties and the enhancement of sexual performance. Humanitarian: It helps you to tune into the needs of others, rising above yourself, and gives you insight into their problems. Priorities: Helps you to put things in the proper perspective, and focus on the primary concerns for today.
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Confidence: assist in self assurance, self reliance, and self sufficiency. Black Jade : As ALL black stones, protection for attack and negativity. Helps us to control our greed or need for control by instilling wisdom in the use of personal power. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: examples are translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits Generally fine-grained fibrous, also massive or granular. Cleavage: is good but rarely observed. Fracture is splintery to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.25 - 3.35 (above average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, serpentine, nepheline, calcite, aragonite and vesuvianite. Other Characteristics: Fine grained jadeite is extremely tough and is actually stronger than steel. Notable Occurrences include San Benito County, California, Mexico, Japan, Tibet, and the best gem-quality from Myanmar (Burma). Best Field Indicators are toughness, fibrosity, typical green color and hardness. Colors: light green to dark green, transparent; rarely: violet, yellow, black Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Jamesonite
Luster is metallic and silky. Transparency Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include dense or sparse felted masses of acicular crystals. Also in fiberous masses. Cleavage is good in one direction perpedicular to its length. Fracture is uneven. Hardness is 2 - 3 treak is gray-black. Associated Minerals include pyrite. sphalerite, galena, stibnite and arsenopyrite. Other Characteristics: Crystals are not flexible and are brittle. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England; South Dakota and Arkansas, USA; Zacatecas, Mexico and Rumania. Best Field Indicators crystal habit, brittleness, associations, color and luster. Colors: dark gray Hardness: 2 to 3
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Jarosite
Luster is vitreous to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; 3 m Crystal Habits include tabular to flattened rhombohedral looking crystals. The "rhombohedrons" are actually a combination of two trigonal pyramids. Crystals are somewhat scarce and small, more commonly as earthy masses, films or crusts, botryoidal and granular. Cleavage is good in one direction but only seen in the larger crystals. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.3 (average to slightly heavy for translucent minerals, but hard to obtain from crusts) Streak is a pale yellow. Associated Minerals are barite, turquoise, galena, goethite, limonite, hematite and other iron minerals. Notable Occurrences include Jaroso ravine, Sierra Almagrera, Spain and Iron Arrow Mine, Colorado; Maricopa Co., Arizona; Idaho and California, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color and hardness. Colors: amber yellow or brown Hardness: 2.5 to 3.5
Jasper, Red
Red jasper is called a stone of fairness and justice. It is also said to enhance responsibility, choice, and compassion. Used in mystical dreamwork, it can enhance dream recall. It is said to assist in protection and rescue from danger. Red jasper is associated with the first and second chakras. Metaphysically, it has a stabilizing effect. It is also a survival stone. Red jasper is also a stone of controlled passion. It is projective and as such can be used to send negativity back to its source.
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Jasper, Green
Is receptive and is a healing stone. It can be worn to promote sympathy for others with emotional or mental concerns.
Jasper, Brown
Is receptive and is used for grounding and centering the self. If you live with your head in the clouds, wear brown jasper to ward off danger.
Jasper, Mottled
Is projective and is worn for protection against drowning.
Jet
Jet is used for luck, divination, protection and health. It is associated with the earth elements. Jet shares with amber the ability to become electrically charged. Jet has a very ancient history and it maintains energy, therefore avoiding ill health. Jet is sometimes referred to as black amber, although it is not actually an amber, but rather fossilized coal. It is used as a stone to alleviate grief and is a powerful protection stone. It also protects finances and protects one from from depression. Jet is related primarily to the base chakra, but when used on the upper chakras it helps kundalini move to the crown chakra. Mystically, jet is considered a stone of sympathy, healing grief, psychic experiences. It is an excellent calming stone. Color: black, opaque Hardness: 2 to 3
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Joaquinite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include small equant stubby or striated bladed crystals often scattered on the host rock. v Cleavage is not seen. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.8 - 4.0 (above average for transparent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include the sapphire blue benitoite, the red-black neptunite, the snow white natrolite and massive green serpentine as well as microcline, quartz and aegirine. Notable Occurrences include the Joaquin Ridge (hence the name), Mt. Diablo Range, Contra Costa County and the head waters of the San Benito River, San Benito County, California, USA and a few rare specimens have been found at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color and locality. Colors: brown, orange-brown, yellow, honey-yellow Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Jordanite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include deeply striated prismatic and dipyramidal crystals and pseudohexagonal twins; also globular and granular forms. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture: Conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.5 - 6.4 (heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is dark brown. Associated Minerals include lengenbachite, pyrite, bournonite, seligmannite, breithauptite, nisbite, costibite, arsenopyrite, gudmundite, meneghinite, sphalerite and dolomite. Notable Occurrences are limited to the type locality, the Lengenbach Quarry, Binnental, Valais, Switzerland as well as Zuni Mine, Silverton, San Juan County, Colorado and Sinking Valley, Pennsylvania, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, striations, associations and density. Colors: lead gray to black Hardness: 3
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Kaemmererite (Clinochlore)
Kaolinite
Luster is earthy.
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Transparency: Crystals are translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; 1. Crystal Habits include foliated and earthy masses. Crystals of any size are quite rare, usually microscopic. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal. Fracture is earthy. Specific Gravity is 2.6 (average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Clay like properties when water is added. Associated Minerals include fluorite, microcline, pyrite, hemimorphite, augite, dickite, halloysite, montmorillonite, quartz, muscovite and other clays. Notable Occurrences are spread around the world including the type locality of Kao-Ling, Jianxi, China as well as Cornwall and Devon, England; Haute-Vienne, France; Near Dresden, Saxony, Germany; Donets Basin, Ukraine; Huberdeau, Quebec, and near Walton, Nova Scotia, Canada and in the United States at Macon, Georgia; Dixie Clay Company Mine, South Carolina; near Webster, North Carolina; Arkansas; Mesa Alta, New Mexico and Sterling Hill, New Jersey. Best Field Indicators are habit, softness, color, luster and clay like properties. Colors: white, colorless, greenish, yellow Hardness: 1.5 to 2
Kermesite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency crystals are translucent to rarely transparent. Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1 (pseudo-monoclinic). Crystal Habits include sprays or tufts of aggregated prismatic crystals and as crusts. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 - 4.8+ (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is brownish red. Associated Minerals include stibnite and various antimony oxides such as senarmontite, valentinite and stibiconite. Notable Occurrences include Wolfe County, Quebec, Canada; Nova Scotia; Algeria and Sonora, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are color, luster, associations, softness and streak. Colors: cherry red to red Hardness: 1 to 1.5
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Kernite
Luster is vitreous to greasy. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include short prismatic crystals, but is more commonly found in parallel aggregates resembling vein minerals. Cleavage is perfect in two directions forming splintery fragments. Fracture is splintery due to cleavage. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.9+ (very low density) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are borax, ulexite, hydroboracite and other borate minerals. Other Characteristics: slightly soluble in water. Notable Occurrences include several localities in Kern Co., California, USA; Chile, and Turkey. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, locality, density, splintery cleavage, and hardness. Colors: white or gray to colorless Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Kidwellite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include compact encrusting aggregates, also massive and fibrous. Cleavage is poor. Fracture is fibrous. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 3.4 (average to slightly above average). Streak is green. Associated Minerals include strengite, beraunite, dufrenite, rockbridgeite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England and Coon Creek Mine, Polk County, Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and streak Colors: yellow-green, pale green or yellow Hardness: 3 to 4
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Kinoite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency specimens are transparent to translucent Crystal System is monoclinic. Growth Habits include small acicular to thin prismatic crystals found as spherules or sprays of acicular radial crystal clusters. Other habits include massive and as crusts. Hardness is varies from 2 - 5 depending on whether in crusts or individual crystals. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 (above average for a non-metallic minerals) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals are apophyllite, stringhamite, copper, wollastonite, calcite, djurleite, bornite and chalcopyrite. Notable Occurrences are the Santa Rita Mountains in Pima County and the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA and a few other secondary copper deposits. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, locality and associations. Colors: unique light blue for crusts and a deep blue in microcrystals Hardness: varies greatly: 2 to 5
Kolwezite
Colors: black, green, brown Hardness: 4
Kornerupine
Green or greenish-brown. Enhances teaching ability, eloquence, communication and clarity. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habit is typically elongated prisms and as rounded grains in gem gravels. Specific Gravity is 3.3+ (slightly heavier than average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Pleochroic yellowish-green to brownish-red and index of refraction is 1.66 and 1.69. Associated Minerals include quartz, orthoclase, sapphire, chrysoberyl, ruby, topaz, zircon,
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spinel and other gemstones found in placer deposits. Notable Occurrences is Ratnapura, Sri Lanka; Betroka, Madagascar; Harts Range, Australia; Kenya and the Nuuk area of Greenland. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, pleochroism and hardness. Colors: green, colorless, white, pink, yellow or brown Hardness: 6 to 7
Kottigite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include flattened striated blades or radiating accicular crystals, but crystals are uncommon. More commonly as crusts or earthy masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale brown. Associated Minerals are limonite, smithsonite, adamite and other zinc minerals. Other Characteristics: Blades are somewhat flexible. Notable Occurrences include Mapimi, Durango, Mexico and Schneeberg, Germany. Best Field Indicators are color, associations and crystal habit. Colors: brown to reddish or white and gray Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Kovdorskite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include blocky to prismatic crystals with angular termination faces. Cleavage: is absent. Fracture: Conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.60 (slightly below average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include dolomite, magnesite, hydrotalcite, pyrite, collinsite, bobierrite and
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manasseite. Notable Occurrence is limited to the Kovdor Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, associations, low density and color. Colors: pale blue, greenish blue and colorless, rarely pink to pale rose Hardness: 4
Ktenasite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include small tabular crystals that can form rosettes and encrusting masses. Cleavage is poor but discernible. Fracture is uneven. Hardness is 2 - 2.5 Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.0 (average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is pale green. Associated Minerals include serpierite, glaucocerinite, smithsonite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and gypsum. Notable Occurrences include the Kamaresa Mine, Laurium, Attiki, Greece; Norway and in the USA at sites in Colorado as well as at Bisbee and the 79 Mine of Arizona. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and locality. Colors: blue-green to green Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Kulanite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include flattened striated blades or radiating accicular crystals, but crystals are uncommon. More commonly as crusts or earthy masses. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Notable Occurrences include Rapid Creek, Yukon Territory, Canada.
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Best Field Indicators are color, locality, density and crystal habit Colors: green to blue Hardness: 4
Kunzite (spodumene)
This stone activates the heart chakra and is used to stimulate deep feelings of love, peace and relaxation. It is also said to dissolve negativity, promote maturity, increase sensuality, refresh the mind, deepen meditation and align the chakras. Colors: white, pink, red, violet, transparent Hardness: 6 to 7
Kupletskite
Luster is vitreous or submetallic to metallic, can be pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include small tabular, acicular or bladed crystals. Also found in lamellar, micaceous or fibrous masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, poor in another. Fracture is uneven. v Specific Gravity is 3.2 - 3.4 Streak is pale brown. Associated Minerals are quartz, nepheline, microcline, albite, calcite, natrolite, fluorite, eudialyte, ancylite, arfvedsonite, micas and aegirine. Notable Occurrences include the Kola Peninsula, Russia and Mt St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Best Field Indicators: brittleness, cleavage, color, luster and localities. Colors: bronze yellow or dark brown to black Hardness: 3
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Kutnohorite
Luster is pearly to vitreous to dull. Transparency crystals are translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 Crystal Habits include simple rhombs with curved faces, also massive and granular. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombs. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 4.6 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white to pale pink. Notable Occurrences include Tuscany, Italy and Kank, Kutna Hora, Czech Republic. Best Field Indicators are pink color, crystal habit and density. Colors: pink or pinkish Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Kyanite
Kyanite is a stone of channeling, altered states, vivid dreams, dream recall, and visualizations. It gives protection during these states. It brings loyalty, honesty and tranquility, and diminishes anger and confusion. Kyanite, like citrine, does not retain negative energy and never needs energetic cleansing. It does align and balance all chakras, often very suddenly. Kyanite can remove energy blockages. Blue kyanite is associated with the throat chakra and is a boost to meditation. Black kyanite is also a boost to meditation, and is associated with the root chakra. Black kyanite is also very protective and deflects negativity. Luster is vitreous to almost pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include flat, pinacoid dominated, prismatic crystals often embedded in metamorphic rocks and quartz veins. Cleavage is good in one direction parallel to the flat pinacoid face. Fracture is splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.58+ (above average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are biotite, staurolite, garnets, quartz, andalusite and sillimanite. Other Characteristics: Sometimes intergrown with staurolite. Notable Occurrences include Brazil; North Carolina and Georgia, USA; Switzerland; Russia; Serbia; India and Kenya. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, luster and unusual hardness.
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Colors: from white to blue, occasionally pink, yellow or green stripes Hardness: 4 to 7 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Labradorite
Labradorite is a powerful stone that helps in recalling mystical, magical experiences. For protection--discourages others from tapping into your energy & draining you. Used to work with nature spirits. Labradorite is used for courage, clarity, and issues with co-dependency. Some like to use this stone to heal mental confusion and indecision, as it allows one to make decisions easily. This stone is also about transformation on all levels, it allows for easy changes to take place, especially good for those who fear change.
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It also allows for us to understand ourselves on a deeper level, lets us know who we really are in a bold and distinct way. Labradorite allows clarity to come into our lives. It is a solar plexus stone. Labradorite builds and strengthens the immune system. This is a very important stone to have in your healing kit. Luster is dull to vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky crystals that rarely form free of the host rock and therefore do not usually show their full crystal forms. In sliced sections of rock, the labradorite appears as blocky chunks with a predominance of near right angled corners. Twinning is common and pervasive so that in labradorite it produces a layered or stacked effect. The twin layers are typically only fractions of millimeters to several millimeters thick. Crystals of labradorite are found imbedded in gabbros and other mafic igneous rocks of low silica content. In anorthosites, labradorite is a main constituent. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.70 - 2.74 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are biotite, pyroxene and hornblende. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.55 - 1.75. Play of colors called labradorescence seen from certain directions can cause flashes of blue, violet and green and sometimes orange and yellow. Notable Occurrences include Labrador, Canada and Scandinavian Pennisula. Best Field Indicators are occurence, twinning striations and labradorescence. Colors: gray-blue stone, surface iridescent with all colors Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli promotes healing, love, joy, fidelity, psychism, and gives the wearer protection and courage. It is an uplifting stone and will boost your psychic awareness and promote gentleness in the wearer. However, it can be intense and should be used cautiously with nervous persons or those with high energy levels. Lapis brings truthfulness, openness, inner power, intuition, creativity, virility and manifestation. It
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strengthens the mind and body as well as increasing awareness and spiritual connection/evolution. It can help organize daily life as well as organizing and quieting a busy or restless mind (in persons free from irratic thought or high-strung personalities). Lapis is also used to contact guardian spirits. Lapis also helps build self-confidence. Lapis bring spiritual love and is also known for enhancing love and fidelity within marriage. Lapis is also said to help one overcome shyness. It is associated with the throat and brow chakras and can help one say just the right thing, as if by magic. Lapis is also a stone that protects from both physical and psychic attacks. Colors:: light blue, azure blue, violet-blue with speckled gold-colored inclusions, opaque Hardness: 5 to 6
Larderellite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include puffy, cotton-like crusts. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 1.9 (well below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include other rare boron minerals. Notable Occurrence is limited to the type locality of Larderello, Val di Cecina, Piza, Toscana, Italy. Best Field Indicators are habit, locality, luster, softness and density. Colors: white Hardness: 1
Larimar
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Assists in releasing self-imposed bonds. Aids in feelings of freedom from inappropriate burdens. Letting go of attachments. A gentle, soft, sky-blue Caribbean healer. Brings tranquility of water/sea and air to heart and mind. Soothes and uplifts hurt, fear, depression, pain of life, changes in love. Self-expression, patience, acceptance, simplicity, creativity, and artwork are all associated with this stone. With red spots: helps gentle people be assertive. Larimar cools, draws out inflammation, fevers, and sunburn heat. Especially helps the creativity and Throat Chakra. Pleasantly uplifts the heart and eases stress. Colors: light blue to greenish Hardness: 6
Laueite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is triclinic. Crystal Habits include wedge-shaped to tabular or prismatic crystals and fibrous crusts. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 - 2.5 (average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include strunzite, stewartite and limonite and others. Notable Occurrences include the Palermo Mine, New Hampshire and the Black Hills region of South Dakota USA; Hagendorf, Germany. Best Field Indicators are color, locality, crystal habit, associations and perfect cleavage Colors: yellow, orange, honey-brown, orange-yellow or brown Hardness: 3
Laumonite
Luster is vitreous to dull on exposure to light. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent and opaque with exposure to light. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2 or m
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Crystal Habits include nearly square prisms terminated by the flat, slanted face of a pinacoid. also massive, fibrous and radiating. Some good penetration twins are found. Cleavage is perfect in two directions, forming splinters. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2+ (very light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: crystals are commonly grooved or striated, and cleavage surfaces have a pearly luster. Associated Minerals are quartz, calcite, apophyllite, babingtonite, heulandite, natrolite and other zeolites. Notable Occurences include Poona, India; Paterson, New Jersey and Pine Creek, California; Iceland and Scotland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster, density, alteration, and associations. Colors: colorless or white and tinted pink, gray, almond yellow or brown Hardness: 4
Laurionite
Luster is vitreous to adamantine. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Orthorhombic. Crystal Habits include striated crystals that are prismatic to acicular with sharply pointed terminations. Cleavage is almost indiscernible in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 6.1 to 6.2+ (very heavy for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Crystals are striated with distinctive V-shapes on prism faces and crystals are brittle unlike those of the closely related paralaurionite. Associated Minerals include fiedlerite, cerussite, penfieldite, matlockite, phosgenite and paralaurionite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Laurion, Greece (hence the name) and Wheal Rose, Cornwall, England. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, striations, brittleness and localities Colors: colorless to white Hardness: 3 to 3.5
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Luvulite (Sugilite)
Also known as: Sugilite and is sometimes known as "a healer's stone" because of its great ability to enhance healing. It is associated with the third eye and crown chakras. It lessens effects of shock and disappointment. In addition to its well known enhancement of healing ability, it also strengthens spirituality, psychic ability and channelling. Sugilite is a stone that helps perfect spiritual love and open the heart chakra to unconditional love. It can help manifest one's natural gifts and protect against harsh realities. It lowers hostility, anger, jealousy and prejudice and gives a sense of freedom. Psychically, it is excellent for all kinds of psychic protection. It has been used for headaches and to decrease all types of discomfort. Sugilite is associated with the brow chakra. It is also called Luvulite or Lavulite.
Lazulite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to less commonly transparent. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include a dipyramidal form that comes close to looking like a distorted octahedron, usually flattened to the point of being a tabular crystal. Also granular and massive. Cleavage is distinct in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 (average for translucent minerals) Streak is pale blue to white. Other characteristics: Clear gemmy crystals show strong pleochroism (yellowish, clear, blue) and crystals are only slightly soluble in warm hydrochloric acid.. Associated Minerals are quartz, rutile, kyanite, andalusite, garnets, muscovite, corundum, wardite, brazilianite and siderite. Notable Occurrences: Western Austria; Zermatt, Switzerland; Minas Gerias, Brazil; Lincoln Co., Georgia; Inyo Co., California and Yukon Territory, Canada. Best Field Indicators: color, poor reaction to acids, crystal habit, associations and localities. Colors: dark azure-blue to a bright indigo blue, or pale sky blue Hardness: 5.5 to 6
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Lazurite
(see Lapis Lazuli) Luster is dull to greasy. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System: Isometric; bar 4 3/m Crystal Habits: Dodecahedral crystals have been found, usually massive as a rock (lapis lazuli) forming mineral. Cleavage is poor, in six directions, but rarely seen. Fracture is uneven Specific Gravity is 2.3 - 2.4 (somewhat below average) Streak is bright blue. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.5. Associated Minerals calcite, some pyroxenes and most diagnostic pyrite. Notable Occurrences include Kokcha River valley, Afghanistan; Ovalle, Cordillera, Chile; near Lake Baikal, Russia; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; Cascade Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains and Ontario Peak, California and in the Sawatch Mountains, Colorado, USA. Best Field Indicators are the violet-blue color, pyrite association (unlike sodalite), locality and specific gravity. Colors: brilliant blue with violet or greenish tints Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Lead
Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include small flat platelets and small grains Cleavage is absent. Fracture is jagged. Streak is gray. Specific Gravity is 11.3+ (very heavy even for metallic minerals) Associated Minerals include gold, calcite and hematite. Other Characteristics: ductile, malleable and sectile, meaning it can be pounded into other shapes, stretched into a wire and cut into slices. Notable Occurrences includes Franklin, New jersey, USA; Harstig Mine, Sweden; Vera Cruz, Mexico and in placer mines especially in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Best Field Indicators are color, density, hardness, luster and ductility. Colors: whitish gray Hardness: 1.5
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Leadhillite
Luster is resinous to adamantine. Cleavage surfaces are pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic and tabular or platy crystals; also massive and granular. Pseudohexagonal and pseudorhombohedral twinned crystals are most common and Artini Law twins produce contact twinning. Larger crystals may have a concave basal face. Pseudomorphs after susannite are also seen. Leadhillite is also pseudomorphed by cerussite at times. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal) and poor in another. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 6.3 - 6.6 (very heavy for a translucent mineral) Streak is white. Other Characteristics Some specimens are fluorescent orange. Associated Minerals include malachite, silver, willemite, susannite, wulfenite, dioptase, chalcocite, galena, caledonite, anglesite, linarite and cerussite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Strathclyde and at other localities in Scotland and at the Campbell Mine, Cochise County; the Grand Reef Mine, Graham County; the Rowley Mine, Maricopa County and the Mammoth-Anthony Mine, Tiger, Pinal County, Arizona; several mines such as the Cerro Gordo Mine in Inyo County and the Blue Bell Mine, San Diego County, California; Coeur D'Alene Mining District, Idaho and Granby, Missouri, USA; Langesundsfjord, Norway and Tsumeb, Namibia. Best Field Indicators: Crystal habit, color, luster, environment of formation, density and an almost micaceous cleavage. Colors: colorless, white, sky blue, pale sea green, yellow, gray Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Lechatelierite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent. Crystal System: Does not apply because lechatelierite is amorphous. Habits include disseminated grains in volcanic rocks and shatter zones of meteorite impacts and as tube shaped fulgarites (see above). Cleavage is absent.
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Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.7 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Non-fluorescent. Associated rocks are shocked quartz, volcanic rocks and sandy soils. Best Field Indicators are shape, color, density, non-fluorescence and hardness Colors: white, colorless or pale yellow; some fulgarites can be pale brown, gray or black Hardness: 6.5
Legrandite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic to bladed crystals with a wedge shaped termination often complexly faceted. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.0 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are adamite, limonite, pyrite, sphalerite, smithsonite, austinite, paradamite, aragonite, calcite, mimetite and other oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurrences include the famous mines at Mapimi, Mexico as well as Flor de Pena Mine, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are color, luster, density, associations and crystal habits. Colors: straw to orange yellow to colorless Hardness: 4.5 to 5
Leifite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal. Crystal Habits include prismatic to acicular crystals with a hexagonal cross-section and a basal
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termination. Crystals are striated lengthwise. Aggregates are clustered into radial sprays. Specific Gravity is 2.6 Streak is white. Associated Minerals are calcite, aegirine and other rare minerals. Notable Occurrences include Narsarsuk, Greenland and Mount Saint Hilaire, Quebec. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality and hardness. Colors: white or colorless Hardness: 6
Leopard Jasper
Leopard skin jasper (also called leopard stone) is a stone of shamanic journeying. It also aids in service to others. It helps discover and connect with one's animal totems or "power" animals. It makes it easier for one to take responsibility properly. Also very helpful with creative visualization. As with all jaspers, this is a protective stone, and it is particularly protective during shamanic journeying. Physically it helps eliminate toxins and decrease body odor, and is very helpful in self-healing. It has properties of protecting the third chakra, but is associated mainly with the root chakra. Colors: reddish-beige (reminiscent of a leopard's skin) Hardness: 7
Lepidolite
Lepidolite is a lithium-mica. It is high in lithium and was originally mined for the mineral. Solid lavender to soft pink, dull, sparkly. Calms and relaxes. Gently eases intensity of feelings, stress, mood swings, depression, manic-depression, self-criticism, anxiety, addictions, worrying. Brings hope, relief, gentleness, self-love, patience, self-forgiveness, unworried sleep, mental/emotional balance, well-being. Balances Brow Chakra with new spiritual love. Caution: salt water may cause it to break apart.
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Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals with a prominant pinacoid termination. Lepidolite's four prism faces and two pinacoid faces form pseudo-hexagonal crystal "books". The sides of the crystal often tend to tapper. Also as micaseous, lamellar or granular rock forming masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction producing thin sheets or flakes. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.8+ (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, spodumene, ambygonite and tourmaline especially elbaite. Other Characteristics: cleavage sheets are flexible and elastic, meaning they can be bent and will flex back to original shape. Also some specimens may show triboluminescence. Notable Occurrences include Brazil; Ural Mountains, Russia; several African localities and California, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, cleavage, elastic sheets and associations. Colors: violet to pale pink or white and rarely gray or yellow Hardness: 2.5
Leucite
Luster is vitreous or greasy to dull. Transparency: crystals are transparent, translucent to commonly opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m at temperatures above 605 degrees C, and tetragonal; either 4 2 2 or 4/m, below 605 degrees C. Crystal Habits include the characteristic trapezohedron (actually pseudo-trapezohedron). Also granular and massive. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.4 - 2.5 (slightly below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include olivine, labradorite, augite, biotite, nepheline and other feldspathoids. Other Characteristics: surface is usually pitted, dull or has a weathered look. Notable Occurrences include Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; Magnet Cove, Arkansas, Leucite Hills, Wyoming and Litchfield, Maine, USA; Brazil and Hastings Co, Ontario. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, low hardness, luster and associations. Colors: clear, white or gray, with yellowish and reddish tints possible Hardness: 5.5 to 6
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Leucophanite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is triclinic, 1. Crystal Habits are pseudotetragonal and pseudocubic forming rectangular box or cube shaped crystals. Penetration twinning is common and forms flat square and elongated crystals. Aggregate rosettes are also seen. Cleavage is perfect in one direction and fair in two others. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average) Streak is white. v Associated Minerals include many rare and beautiful minerals such as aegirine, fluorite, rhodochrosite, serandite, albite, astrophyllite, natrolite, rhabdophane, analcime, ancylite, catapleiite, epididymite, microcline and behoite. Notable Occurrence includes the type locality of Langesundsfjord district, Norway as well as Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada and Kola Peninsula, Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, locality and cleavage. Colors: white to yellowish, yellow and green Hardness: 4
Libethenite
Luster is resinous to vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are translucent. Crystal System: is orthorhombic 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits include crystals that are diamond-shaped, often acicular, prisms that are terminated by a dome with triangular faces, also as tiny crystalline druzes, fiberous masses, nodules and crusts. Cleavage is good in two directions. Fracture is subconchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.6 - 3.9 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is olive green. Other Characteristics: Slightly soluble in hydrochloric acid. Associated Minerals are malachite, olivenite, quartz, limonite, adamite, brochantite and other secondary copper ore minerals. Notable Occurrences: Cornwall, England; Libethen (hence the name), Romania; Zaire; Russia
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and California, Utah and Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, streak, crystal habits, associations and density. Colors: dark emerald to olive green Hardness: 4
Libyan Glass
Use this to increase sales and profits in your business. Creates good luck and aids learning (especially spiritual pursuits). Excellent for bringing people together, increasing new ideas, and facilitating a "meeting of the minds." Activates the Thymus and builds the immune system.
Limonite
Luster is earthy to dull. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is undefined. Crystal Habits include massive, layered, botryoidal and stalactitic. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is crumbly or earthy. Specific Gravity is variable at 2.9 to 4.3 (average to above average) Streak is brownish yellow to yellow. Associated Minerals include a large list of minerals particularly secondary deposit minerals. Notable Occurrences include many iron mines around the world, especially nice specimens come from Europe, Mexico, Canada and northeastern USA. Best Field Indicators are lack of crystal forms, lack of cleavage and streak. Colors: yellow, orange, reddish brown, brownish black Hardness: 4 to 5.5
Linarite
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Luster is vitreous to adamantine to earthy in massive specimens. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals and more rarely platy to tabular, all crystals tend to have multiple facets. Crystals are always tiny to small growing off encrustations on host rocks. Also as earthy masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction but only seen in the larger crystals. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.3+ (very heavy for translucent minerals, but hard to obtain from encrusting specimens) Streak is blue. Associated Minerals are galena, chalcopyrite, brochantite, malachite and cerussite. Other Characteristics: some specimens show an alignment of crystals. Notable Occurrences include Tiger, Arizona and Butte, Montana, USA; Leadhills, Scotland; Spain and Argentina. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color and lack of reaction to acid. Colors: bright azure blue Hardness: 2.5
Lithiophilite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits do not include well formed crystals because most crystals are embedded and appear as compact, cleavage masses and intergrown crystal clumps. Cleavage is near perfect in one direction (basal) and imperfect in two directions (prismatic). All cleavages are at right angles to each other. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.34 (above average), but increases with increased iron content. Streak is white to grayish-white. Other Characteristics: When powdered and placed in a gas flame, it gives the flame a bright red color and this indicates the presence of lithium. Hyper-weathering produces a black stain of manganese oxides. Associated Minerals include lepidolite, beryl, quartz, albite, triphylite, amblygonite, spodumene and various manganese oxides. Associated secondary phosphates include eosphorite, reddingite, sicklerite, salmonsite, strengite, purpurite, phosphoferrite, wolfeite, triploidite, hureaulite, fairfieldite, dickinsonite, stewartite, vivianite, heterosite and fillowite. Notable Occurrences are widespread and include Verutrask, Sweden; Mangualde, Portugal; Bavaria, Germany; Buckfield, Poland; Karidid District, Namibia; Namaqualand, South Africa; the Buranga pegmatite, Rwanda; Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada; Rajasthan, India; Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil and Pilbara District, Australia. In the United States localities include
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Pala District of San Diego County, California; Newry, Stoneham and Topsham, Maine; Palermo Quarry, North Groton, New Hampshire; Custer, South Dakota and Branchville, Fairfield County, Connecticut. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, environment, cleavage and density. Colors: pinkish to greenish brown Hardness: 4 to 5
Lodestone
Lodestone is also called Magnetite (iron). It is metallic black and is a natural magnet. Related to (and works like) hematite for grounding, clear thinking, and focus (detail work, decisions, etc.). Electromagnetically pulls toxic blocks and pain from energy meridians, the pancreas, and lower glands. Because of the directional quality of these stones, they were later referred to as lodestones or leading stones.
Lollingite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is Orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic to stubby crystals with a chisel-like domal termination. A crystal's cross-section will be diamond-shaped with rounded oblique angles. Elongated wedge shaped crystals are seen when the domal termination becomes dominant. Also compact, massive and disseminated in veins fillings. Twins are seen as star shaped trillings. Cleavage is indistinct (basal). Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.1 - 7.5 (well above average for metallic minerals) Streak is a gray black. Other Characteristics: Crystals are commonly striated lengthwise. Associated Minerals include arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, biotite, analcime, sodalite, vesuvianite, calcite and siderite. Notable Occurrences include Lolling (hence the name), Huttenburg, Carinthia, Austria; Harz, Germany; Franklin, New Jersey; Cobalt, Connecticut; Gunnison Co., Colorado; Alexander Co., North Carolina and Arizona, USA; Ontario, Canada; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Czech Republic; Poland and Brazil. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, color, associations, streak, hardness, striations and
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density. Colors: silver white to gray (tarnishes to a darker color) Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Lorenzenite
Luster is vitreous to submetallic. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is Orthorhombic. Crystal Habit is prismatic with six sides, two of the sides are often flattened to form a nearly tabular crystal with a pointed termination. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is light brown. Notable Occurrences: Narsarsuk, Greenland and Kola Pennisula, Russia. Best Field Indicators are color, luster, density and locality. Colors: brown, yellow-brown to dark brown Hardness: 6
Lorimar (blue Pectolite)

Colors: pale blue to sky blue Hardness: 5
Ludlamite
A relaxation stone fostering comfort, ease, rest, repose and mellowness. Good for workaholics. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m v Crystal Habits include tabular almost pseudo-octahedral
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crystals also as jagged, crystalline masses and aggregate sprays or sheaves. v Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.2 (very slightly above average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include pyrite, limonite, siderite, triphylite, vivianite and other primary and secondary phosphates. Notable Occurrences include Wheal Jane Mine, Truro, Cornwall, England; la Union, Spain; Rapid Creek, Yukon, Territory, Canada; Chihuahua, Mexico; Hagendorf, Germany; Cobalt, Idaho; North Groton, New Hampshire and Custer County, South Dakota, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, locality and cleavage. Colors: green, often bright apple green or colorless Hardness: 3 to 4
Luvulite
(see Sugilite) Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Click on Ganesha above to visit the Gay Reiki Website!
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Macphersonite
Luster is adamantine to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 m m Crystal Habits include tabular or pseudohexagonal crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 6.5 - 6.6 (very heavy for a translucent mineral) Streak is white. Other Characteristics Some specimens are fluorescent yellow. Associated Minerals include leadhillite, galena, anglesite, linarite and cerussite. Notable Occurrences include the type localities of Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Strathclyde, Scotland and Aregentolle Mine, Saint-Prix, Saone-et-Loire, France and at least one specimen at Moon Anchor Mine, Maricopa County, Arizona. Best Field Indicators: Crystal habit, color, luster, density, fluorescence and locality. Colors: colorless, white, amber or brownish Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Magnesite
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If you have any information on Magesite, please contact me. Thank you. Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are translucent to transparent only in individual crystals. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits are usually massive forms such as lamellar, fiberous and course to fine grained rocks. Crystals are extremely rare, but when found are in the form of rhombohedrons or hexagonal prisms with a pinacoid termination. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.0 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals calcite, dolomite, aragonite, strontianite and serpentine. Other Characteristics: effervesces easily only in hot dilute hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences include Austria; Bahia, Brazil; Korea; China; California, USA and many European localities. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, reaction to acid, occurrence and cleavage. Colors: white to yellowish Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Magnetite
Lodestone (Magnetite) is used in many ways. It can align the chakras, and balance yin/yang energies. It is used to lessen or dispel grief, fear, anger, confusion, and attachment. It helps relieve burdens and increase energy and endurance. It is said to have been used to make soldiers invulnerable. Lodestone has a receptive, attracting energy that attracts power, as well as good fortune, and love. It also guards against infidelity. Lodestone is related to the astrological signs of Aries, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Virgo. It is said to strengthen the circulatory system, help with healing blood and bleeding problems, alleviate pain, boost the immune system, relieve agitation and depression. Magically, lodestone is used for its power of attraction, and can be placed on an altar or worn during a ritual to increase a spell's power. It's been used for millennia for amulets and talismans. Lodestone is excellent for grounding and protection from evil and spells. Luster is metallic to dull. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits are typically octahedrons but rarely rhombododecahedron and other isometric
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forms, most commonly found massive or granular. Twinning of octahedrons into spinel law twins is seen occassionally. Cleavage is absent although octahedral parting can be seen on some specimens. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 5.1+ (average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals are talc and chlorite (schists), pyrite and hematite. Other Characteristics: Magnetism stronger in massive examples than in crystals, striations on crystal faces (not always seen). Notable Occurrences include South Africa, Germany, Russia and many locallities in the USA. Best Field Indicators are magnetism, crystal habit and streak. Colors: black, metallic and opaque Hardness: 6
Malachite
Malachite has a steady, pulsing electromagnetic energy and high copper content. Malachite and azurite are the same (chemically) both are essentially Copper Carbonate. The only difference is the ordering of the elements in the molecule. On brow: Stimulates physical and psychic vision, concentration. Powerful healer with azurite or chrysocolla for healing: Releases and draws out pain, inflammation, depression, anger; heals blocks. Protects well by powerfully cleaning the auric field, rapidly absorbing undesirable energies, including: computer, TV, and other radiation, etc. Place in the 4 corners of a room to cleanse area. Clean these stones very frequently. Often variegated and is one of the basic ores of Copper. Should be used with extreme care because it can amplify negative qualities. Caution must always be aware of this stillness properties when wearing it as jewelry. However, Malachite also magnifies the positive, and so it is useful if your mood is definitely on the upswing. It is useful for relaxation and neurological disorders as well as tissue regeneration. Luster is dull in massive forms and silky as crystals. Transparency is opaque in massive form and translucent in crystalline forms. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habitsin its massive forms are botryoidal, stalactitic or globular. Crystals are acicular or fibrous and form in tufts and encrustations. Frequently found as pseudomorphs of azurite. Cleavage is good in one direction but rarely seen. Fracture is conchoidal to splintery. Specific Gravity is 3.9+ (slightly heavy). Streak is green.
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Other Characteristics: Weakly effervesces in acid. Associated Minerals include limonite, chalcopyrite, bornite, native copper, calcite, cuprite, azurite, chrysocolla and many rare copper minerals such as kolwezite, shattuckite, antlerite, brochantite, graemite, aurichalcite, sphaerocobaltite, atacamite, chalcophyllite, conichalcite, rosasite, chalcosiderite, clinoclase, cornetite, duftite, libethenite, liroconite, mixite and mottramite among others. Notable Occurrences include many classic mineral localities such as Shaba, Congo; Tsumeb, Nambia; Ural mountains, Russia; Mexico; several sites in Australia; England and several localities in the Southwestern United States especially in Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color banding, softness, associations and reaction to acid. Colors: light green to strong green, usually banded Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Manganbabingtonite
Luster is vitreous, submetallic to dull. Transparency: Crystals are generally opaque but thin crystals or splinters can be translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include short stocky prismatic crystalsor tabular to platy forms. Cleavage is good in one direction and perfect in another, these are pinacoidal but are at near right angles to each other giving the appearance of rectangular prisms. Fracture is uneven to subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5 - 3.6 (somewhat above average for translucent minerals) Streak is brown to gray. Other Characteristics: Sometimes very weakly magnetic. Associated Minerals are galena, sphalerite, diopside, hedenbergite, garnets, axinite, babingtonite, polylithionite and calcite. Notable Occurrences include Santa Teresa Mountains, Graham County, Arizona, USA and Rudnyi Kaskad deposit, Sayan, Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, locality, associations, cleavage and luster. Colors: brown to black. Hardness: 5
Manganese
Colors: steel or silver grey
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Manganocalcite
This is a sedimentary formation created through precipitation. Heart/love is a predominant energy in this stone. This stone gives us "motherly love." It has a gentle and calming nature and is pink with white bands. Balances the hormones and lessons anxiety. Use in love rituals and rights of passage.
Marble
Provides for both clarity and suspension in states of meditation, promotes peak states of meditation, total recall of dreams.
Marcasite (Pyrite)
Marcasite/Pyrite brings the energy of the Sun into the physical. It increases physical stamina, stimulates the intellect and helps to transform thought into intelligent action. It is a wonderful stone for use in wealth magick or in trying to manifest needed energies. An excellent shield-stone, pyrite removes negativity from the aura. Colors: gray-gold, golden with light dark inclusion Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Massicot
Luster is greasy, earthy to dull. Transparency: Crystals are generally opaque, but thin scales can be transparent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 2 2.
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Crystal Habits include massive, earthy and scaly coatings on other lead minerals. Cleavage is distinct in two perpendicular directions, but is rarely seen. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 9.6 - 9.7 (Well above average for any mineral) Streak is light yellow. Associated Minerals include minium, galena, barite, wulfenite, pyromorphite, mimetite, bindheimite, cerussite, lead and sphalerite. Notable Occurrences include Freiberg, Saxony, Germany as well as in Inyo County, California; at the Dogwater Mine, Graham County; Tonopah-Belmont Mine, Maricopa County and Cababi District, Arizona; Potosi, Missouri and at Leadville, Colorado, USA; Sardinia, Italy; Mexico; Hungary; and at Lavrion, Greece. Colors: yellow to reddish yellow due to minium inclusions Hardness: 2
Melanite ( Andradite Garnet)

A black type of Andrite. Garnet clan. Opens our psychic vision for forecasting, divination and seeing the future. Brings an understanding and acceptance of death. Reminds us of rebirth, reincarnation and the endless nature of life. Colors: various shades of black hardness: 6.5 to 7
Melanophlogite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal or possibly isometric. Crystal Habits include botryoidal, globular clusters and cubes (if it is isometric, they are cubes; if tetragonal, they are pseudo-cubic crystals). Cleavage is not present. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 2.0+ (well below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include calcite, sulfur and other sedimentary minerals. Notable Occurrences are limited to Giona Mine, Girgenti and other sites in Sicily, Italy.
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Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, hardness, very low density and locality. Colors: colorless or white Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Melanterite
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include intricate arborescent and prismatic striated crystals. Cyclic twinned crystals are pseudo-hexagonal (six-sided) prisms and pyramids, but these are especially rare. Commonly found massive. Cleavage: Not discernible. Fracture: Hackly. Specific Gravity is 9.4 - 10 (very heavy for metallic minerals). Streak is silver. Other Characteristics: Specimens will tarnish to a yellow or black color with exposure to light. Associated Minerals include calcite, silver and silver ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include Wolfach and the Harz Mountains of Germany; Pribram, Czech Republic; Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia; Pima and Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona, USA; Atacama, Chile and Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, density, color, tarnish and luster. Color: white, green, yellowish green or blue-green Hardness: 2
Mercury
(see Cinnabar) Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System does not apply Crystal Habits spherical droplets, or pools of mercury liquid. Cleavage does not apply Fracture does not apply Streak does not apply
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Specific Gravity is 13.5+ (very dense) Associated Minerals are cinnabar, calomel, and other secondary mercury minerals. Other Characteristics: Mercury is a liquid! It also expands at a constant rate with a rise in temperature. Notable Occurrences include Almaden, Spain; Idrija, former Yugoslavia; Italy; California, Oregon, Texas, and Arkansas, USA. Best Field Indicators its a liquid! Colors: bright silvery metallic Hardness: (liquid)
Mesolite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include sprays of needle thin acicular crystals with a slanted domal termination. Also nodules, fibrous and earthy masses. Cleavage is perfect in two directions, prismatic. Cleavage is rarely seen due to small crystal size. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 - 2.4 (very light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Masses can have a chatoyant (cat's eye) effect. Associated Minerals are quartz, apophyllite, datolite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; Giants Causeway, Ireland; Skye, Scotland; Colorado, New Jersey and Oregon, USA and Berufjord, Iceland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density and associations. Colors: clear or white Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Meta-Torbernite
Luster is vitreous or pearly to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include tabular square crystals dominated by two pinacoid faces.
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Crystals can look cubic (pseudocubic) too. Also as crusts, micaceous, foliated and earthy. Many crystals are pseudomorphs of autunite. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5 3.6 (above average for translucent minerals and higher than autunite {3.1- 3.2} due to loss of water molecules). Streak is a pale yellow. Other Characteristics: Brightly fluorescent green to yellow-green, radioactive and cleavage sheets are surprisingly brittle. Associated Minerals include limonite, quartz, pyrite, meta-uranocircite, uranophane, meta-torbernite, autunite, torbernite, uranocircite, uraninite and other uranium minerals. Notable Occurrences include the Dripping Springs Quartzite in Gila County , Arizona; the Daybreak Mine, Washington and the Miracle Mine and other localities in Kern County, California, USA; St. Austell and Redruth, Cornwall, England; Saxony, Germany and Rum Jungle, Australia. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, higher density than autunite, fluorescence, radioactivity, associations and cleavage. Colors: lemon-yellow, greenish yellow to canary yellow (sometimes with a black core, possibly due to uraninite) Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Miargyrite
Mica
Mica is the second greatest conductor of magnetic energy next to the human brain. Since we are inundated with excess electrical energy in our environments, extra magnetic energy can help to balance the electromagnetic field of the body. Colors: eggshell-colored, yellowish, bluish, blue Hardness: 6 to 6.5
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Microcline
Luster is vitreous to sometimes pearly or dull if weathered. Transparency crystals are translucent, but usually translucent to opaque. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky, or tabular crystals. Crystals have a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slightly slanted dome and pinacoid terminations. Twinning is common. Crystals can be twinned according to the Albite, Pericline, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno laws. Microcline can be found as a major rock forming component in granites, syenites and in metamorphic gneisses. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, muscovite and plagioclase feldspars. Other Characteristics: Lamellar twinning may cause a grooved effect on crystal and cleavage surfaces that appear as striations. Perthite intergrowths causes a stripped appearance is some specimens. Notable Occurrences include Pikes Peak region of Colorado and North Carolina among other sites in the USA; Russia; Norway and Madagascar. Best Field Indicators are occurence, twinning, color and luster. Colors: off-white,yellowish, flesh pink, brown or green Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Microlite
Luster is vitreous to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent with darker specimens being opaque. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits typically include octahedral crystals that are modified by other isometric forms; also found granular as disseminated grains and massive. Although the name microlite was applied to the mineral for the tiny crystals that were first found, larger crystals up to 2 cm have been found. Cleavage is in four directions (octahedral), but is indistinct. Fracture is subconchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.3 - 5.7 (heavy for non-metallic). Variation caused by extent of inclusion of trace metals into the structure.
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Streak is white or pale yellow to brown. Other Characteristics: Slightly radioactive. Associated Minerals include quartz, feldspars, calcite, columbite, tantalite, zircon, biotite, lepidolite, spodumene and simpsonite. Notable Occurrences include Virgem da Lapa region of Minas Gerais, Brazil; Iveland, Norway; Verutrask, Sweden; Greenland; Wodinga, Australia; Madagascar and Amelia Courthouse, Virginia; Black Hills, South Dakota; Dixon, New Mexico; California; Colorado and many of the rare earth pegmatites of New England, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster, fracture, color, hardness, radioactivity, associations, environment and specific gravity. Colors: pale yellow, reddish-brown, red, olive or even emerald green Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Milarite
Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with a pinacoidal termination. Cleavage is poor in one direction. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 2.6 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Some specimens are fluorescent. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Val Giuf (Val Milar), Tavetsch, Grischum, Switzerland as well as Jaguaracu, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Valencia Mine, Guananajuato, Mexico; Henneberg, Germany; Kola Peninsula, Russia; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; Monte Cervandone, Piemonte, Italy; Langesunsfjord, Norway and Maehren, Czech Republic. Best Field Indicators are hardness, color, luster and locality. Colors: colorless, white, pale green or yellow Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Mimetite
Luster is resinous to adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m
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Crystal Habits include the barrel shaped hexagonal prism with the hexagonal pyramid and/or a pinacoid as a termination. More commonly found as classic botryoidal crusts, sparkling aggregations that resemble cauliflower, small attached spherical masses or as minute spike-like crystals. Cleavage is rarely noticed. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.1+ (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is off white. Associated Minerals are wulfenite, limonite, calcite, barite, galena and secondary lead deposit minerals. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 2.13 (typically high for lead minerals) and crystal terminations can be hollowed out or pitted. Notable Occurrences include Mapimi, Mexico; Arizona, USA and Tsumeb, Africa. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, high luster, color, and density. Colors: typically yellow, orange or brown, less commonly green, colorless or gray Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Minium
Luster is greasy to adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is tetragonal; bar 4 2 m Crystal Habits include scaly aggregates and powdery coatings on other lead minerals. Also massive and granular. Crystals are generally well striated. Cleavage is perfect in several directions. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 8.9 - 9.2 (Well above average for any mineral). Streak is orange yellow. Other Characteristics: Some specimens fluoresce an orange color under ultraviolet light. Associated Minerals include massicot, galena, wulfenite, pyromorphite, mimetite, bindheimite, cerussite, lead, duftite and sphalerite. Notable Occurrences include its name originator, the Minius River in Northwest Spain as well as Inyo County, California; several localities in Arizona; Leadville, Colorado and at the Jay Gould Mine, Idaho, USA; Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia; Altai Mountains, Russia; Eifel region of Germany and at Lavrion, Greece. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, streak, density and softness. Colors: red, scarlet to brick-red Hardness: 2.5 to 3
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Mixite
Luster is vitreous or silky to dull. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal. Crystal Habits include radiating clusters, tufts or spherules of acicular or fibrous crystals, also massive, capillary and earthy. Cleavage not noticeable. Fracture is fibrous. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.8 - 4.0 (above average for translucent minerals). Streak is light green. Associated Minerals are pharmacosiderite, zeunerite, emplectite, limonite, malachite, wulfenite, mimetite and barite. Notable Occurrences include Germany; El Carmen Mine, Durango, Mexico; France; Jachymov of the former Czechoslovakia; Inyo County, California and Gila and Pinal Counties in Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, density and associations with bismuth ores. Colors: green, emerald-green, blue-green, yellow-green or off-white Hardness: 3 to 4
Moldavite
Transformation. This stone has a very strong energy, may not always be a comfortable energy. Moldavite strips away the things in your life that you no longer need. Moldavite is a tektite and is the only "extraterrestrial" gemstone, which is found only in the Moldau Valley in Czechoslovakia. Lately there have been other green tektites or imitations that are called "moldavite," but only the Czech moldavite is the "real thing." It is associated with the heart and third eye (brow) chakras, as well as the crown chakra. Moldavite is also associated with the Star card of the Tarot. It strengthens and enhances inner journeys, channeling, cosmic consciousness, crystal consciousness, expansion, contact with interdimensional or extraterrestrial forces. It is a powerful stone, and its energies can at first be intimidating for those that are not aware of its energy, and tends to bring issues to the surface to be transformed, thus making it called "stone of transformation." When wearing moldavite, it is best to be mentally prepared and be properly grounded. Moldavite diminishes contracting or withdrawing energies.
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Moldavite in any form increases the depth and clarity of inner journeys. Moldavite has been said to raise the vibrational level of both the human race and the Earth. Physically, moldavite works excellently with other crystals and stones to raise the vibrational level of all healing, and also heals hair loss, fertility issues, and promoting new cell growth. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Gemmy tektites are transparent to translucent, but most are nearly opaque. Crystal System does not apply because tektites are amorphous. Habits are usually small nodules or splinters that vary from simple rounded shapes to very intricate natural carvings. Many have smooth, scarred, or pitted surfaces. cleavage is absent. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 (somewhat light). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Can sometimes be directly associated with meteorite impact craters. Notable Occurrences include Moldavia region of Eastern Europe; Thailand and southeast Asia; Australia and Georgia, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, odd shapes, localities and lack of cleavage or crystal faces Colors: black, green or colorless Hardness: 5 to 6
Molybdenite
Soft, metallic and opaque with a blue-gray streak. Helps us tap subconscious knowledge. Teaches to face our hidden self. Helps us to develop our character. Luster is metallic. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits: thin, platy hexagonal crystals terminated by pinacoidal faces, also as tapering six-sided pyramids that can be truncated by the pinacoids. Also massive, lamellar and in small grains in sulfide ore bodies and recrystallized marbles. Cleavage is perfect in one direction, forming thin sheets. Fracture is flaky. Specific Gravity is 4.7 to 4.8 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is bluish gray. Associated Minerals include pyrite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, quartz, fluorite, and scheelite. Other Characteristics: thin cleavage sheets and crystals are flexible, but not elastic. It has a greasy feel and leaves marks on fingers. Notable Occurrences Climax, Colorado; Cornwall, England, Raade, Norway; Wilberforce, Ontario and many other Canadian locallities. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, softness, cleavage, density, bluish streak and color.
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Colors: silver metallic with a bluish cast Hardness: 1.5 to 2
Montebrasite
Luster is vitreous to greasy and pearly on cleavage surfaces. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to less commonly transparent. Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1. Crystal Habits include short prismatic, tabular or equant crystals referred to as lath-shaped, but more commonly found as anhedral masses and compact grains. Twinning forms elongated, flatten crystals. Lamellar twinning is sometimes seen. Cleavage is in four directions all with varying quality with one direction being perfect, two directions being good and one direction being only distinct. All cleavage angles are non-right angles. Fracture is uneven to conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.98 - 3.10 (slightly above average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: When powdered and placed in a gas flame, it gives the flame a bright red color and this indicates the presence of lithium. Some specimens are fluorescent orange in long-wave UV light. Associated Minerals include lepidolite, quartz, albite, elbaite, apatite, brazilianite, beryllonite, amblygonite, triphylite, lithiophilite and spodumene Notable Occurrences are Montebras, France; Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, USA and other localities where amblygonite is found. Best Field Indicators are density, associations, environment, lithium flame test and especially the numerous cleavage angles. Colors: generally white or creamy, but can also be colorless or pale yellow, green, blue, beige, gray or pink Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Mookaite (Jasper)
Mookaite is a stone of the "here and now." It can help one balance the internal and external and acceptance of change. It helps with living meditation. Mookaite is a very protective stone, and is particularly good as an emotional protector. In the physical realm, it stabilizes health and fortifies the immune system.
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Mookaite is associated with the lower chakras.
Moonstone
Moonstone is a feldspar that is associated with the Moon. It is protective and should be carried when away from home. If you are on a diet, wear a charged moon stone and reprogram your eating habits. This phenomenal gemstone is the precious stone of India. The name Moonstone comes from the mysterious sheen which is similar to 'moonlight'. The most common colors of this gemstone are cream, pearly gray, white, peach and colorless. There is also a beautiful variety called "rainbow moonstone." Moonstone is a meditation stone which stimulates knowing, understanding, and appreciation. It also brings to us self awareness and allows us to grow while learning balance. Use Moonstone for problem solving and decision making. Colors: (white) eggshell-colored, yellowish, bluish, gray Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Moqui Marbles
Moqui balls can be used to enlighten the energy centers, to relieve energy blocks, to stimulate the chi, to ground and center and to provide protection. Grinding two Moqui balls together promotes receptivity to frequencies which are usually inaudible.
Morganite (Beryl)
Morganite is known both as an angel stone and a heart stone. It can bring love to one's life or rekindle an old flame. Morganite also brings compassion, empathy, self-control, and patience to its users and wearers. It can also balance emotions and ease the pain of separation.
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It has been said to be one of the highest frequency stones available. Physically, morganite is used for healing emphysema, tuberculosis, heart disease, breathing problems, and throat problems. Morganite is associated primarily with the heart chakra, and can open, balance and clear this chakra. Colors: various shades of pink Hardness: 7.5 to 8
Moss Agate
Moss agate is sometimes called the "gardener's stone" due to its properties of helping ensure a full crop. In addition to a full crop, moss agate brings general abundance, success, and prosperity. It can also help one gain peace with extreme or excessive duties in life and brings self-confidence and higher self-esteem. Moss agate is also a protective stone, as are all agates. It can reduce the difficulties associated with overcoming addictive behaviors. Moss agate is associated with the heart chakra, and is a stone of compatibility and friendship. It is also believed to help improve circulation, enhance healing of all types, overcome digestive or intestinal disorders. Green moss agate is said to assist in finding hidden treasure, and is a stone of prosperity. Colors: milky white to red clear agate with mossy green inclusions Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Mother-of-Pearl
This "stone" is lustrous and opalescent. It is the product of living creatures (exterior skeleton of sea mollusks). Mother of Pearl gets its name from the fact that it is the iridescent lining of a shell, where pearls can grow. Mother of Pearl attracts prosperity. It is used in mystical work to heighten intuition, psychic sensitivity, and imagination. It protects from negative influence, and transmutes negative energy. It is highly protective. A traditional use of Mother of Pearl is to purify environments.
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Mottramite
Luster is resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits are typically tiny druzy crusts, radiating and stalactitic masses. Cleavage is none. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.7 - 6 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is green. Associated Minerals are descloizite, malachite and other secondary ore minerals. Notable Occurrences include Pinal County, Arizona, USA; Chile; England; Bolivia and elsewhere. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, locallities and density. Colors: typically various shades of green, and rarely found in black Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Muscovite (Mica)
Muscovite is a type of mica that comes in pinks, browns, clear, and yellows. It is a stone of angelic contact, and can bring awareness of the higher self. Mystically it is used in scrying and can contact the highest spiritual planes, as well as assist with astral travel. Muscovite is also good for lessening insecurities, self-doubt, and brings self-confidence and optimism. It is considered good for problem-solving, self-reflection, and dealing with major life changes. Physically, muscovite is used in crystal healing to balance the pancreas, control blood sugar, heal dehydration, kidneys, hunger pants while fasting for medical or spiritual purposes, insomnia, allergies, disease-related conditions. Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular crystals with a prominant pinacoid termination. Muscovites four prism faces form diamond shaped "books" and if modified by another pinacoid they form pseudo-hexagonal crystal "books". The sides of the crystal often tend to tapper. Also as lamellar rock forming masses and small flakes in detrital material. Twinned crystals can form flat five pointed stars.
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Cleavage is perfect in one direction producing thin sheets or flakes. Fracture is not readily observed due to cleavage but is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.8 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, beryl and tourmalines. Other Characteristics: cleavage sheets are flexible and elastic, meaning they can be bent and will flex back to original shape. Notable Occurrences include India, Pakistan, Brazil and many USA locallities. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, elastic sheets, color and associations. Colors: white, silver, yellow, green and brown Hardness: 2 to 2.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Nahcolite
White, yellowish. Is associated with achievement, success, victory and triumph. Helps us overcome challenges to reach our goals. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals, but usually massive crus s. Cleavage: There is a perfect cleavage. Specific Gravity is 2.2 (well below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals include other sedimentary evaporite minerals such as hanksite, gaylussite, analcime, halite, pirssonite, northupite, borax and calcite. Notable Occurrences include Searles Lake, San Bernardino County and Deep Spring Lake, Inyo County, California and the Green River Formation, Colorado, USA; Egypt and Lake Magadi, Kenya. Best Field Indicators: Environment of formation, cleavage, density, crystal habit and locality. Colors: Colorless, white, brown or gray hardness: 2.5
Narsarsukite
Luster is vitreous or adamantine to dull or greasy. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal. Crystal Habits include tabular and prismatic crystals often arranged into sprays and parallel aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in two directions (prismatic) and good in one direction (basal). Fracture is uneven to subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.6 to 2.8 Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction: 1.601 - 1.614 and 1.632 - 1.647. Associated Minerals are quartz, microcline, albite, amphiboles, carletonite, lorenzenite, calcite, leucosphenite, natrolite and aegirine. Notable Occurrences include the type locality at Narsarsuk, Greenland and perhaps the best source of Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada as well as in north-central Montana, USA.
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Best Field Indicators: Crystal habit, cleavage, color, associations and localities. Colors: various shades of yellow, green, pink and brown as well as colorless Hardness: 6 to 7
Natrojarosite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; 3 m Crystal Habits include tabular to flattened rhombohedral looking crystals. The "rhombohedrons" are actually a combination of two trigonal pyramids. Crystals are scarce, more commonly as earthy masses, films or crusts, botryoidal and granular. Cleavage is good in one direction but only seen in the larger crystals. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.1 - 3.3 (slightly heavy for translucent minerals, but hard to obtain from crusts) Streak is yellow. Associated Minerals are barite, goethite, limonite, hematite and other iron minerals. Notable Occurrences include Black Hills, South Dakota and Soda Springs Valley, Nevada USA; Chili; Russia; Mexico and Greece. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color and hardness. Colors: yellow, orange or brown Hardness: 3 to 4
Natrolite
Luster is vitreous to dull on some compact masses. Transparency: crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; mm2 Crystal Habits include sprays of needle thin acicular crystals with a pyramidal termination. Also nodules, fiberous and massive crusts. Cleavage is perfect in two directions, prismatic. Cleavage is rarely seen due to small crystal
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size. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 (very light) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, apophyllite, benitoite, heulandite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; San Benito, California; New Jersey and Nova Scotia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density and associations. Colors: clear or white; also tinted yellow and brown Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Nebula Stone
Nebula Stone has unique and powerful energies. It facilitates memory and recall. Nebula Stone removes fear, and helps release the old to make room for the new. It is a very grounding stone, and increases vitality. It is sometimes called a cosmic window, and is excellent for meditation. In the physical realm, Nebula Stone is used to to cleanse the kidneys.
Nepheline
Luster is mostly greasy to dull in weathered specimens. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to more rarely transparent. Crystal System: Hexagonal; 6 Crystal Habits: Usually massive or granular. Some prismatic to columnar crystals are found with a simple hexagonal cross section. Cleavage is poor, in three directions, prismatic, but rarely seen. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 2.6+ (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Application of acids onto the surface of nepheline will cause a cloudy frosting and powdered nepheline will dissolve in hydrochloric acid. Associated Minerals include calcite, feldspars such as albite, apatite, biotite, hornblende, cancrinite, sodalite and other feldspathoids. Notable Occurrences include Kola Pennisula, Russia; Mt. Vesuvius, Italy; Bancroft area, Ontario, Canada and Kennebec Co., Maine, USA. Best Field Indicators luster, associations, reaction to acids, locality and hardness.
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Colors: usually off white to gray or brown and occasionally other tints Hardness: 5.5 to 6
Nephrite (Jade, Actinolite)

Wide color range. Brings inner strength, fortitude, courage, protection, persistence and completion. Helps us stand our ground. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: examples are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include the flattened prismatic and elongated crystal with a dome-like termination that is actually a two of the four faces of a prism. Also as a fibrous mass (asbestos) and as a fibrous and very compact mass (nephrite jade). Cleavage: is perfect in two directions at close to 60- and 120-degree angles. Fracture is splintery to uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.3 (very slightly above average for translucent minerals). Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, lawsaonite, epidote and glaucophane. Other Characteristics: the compact nephrite variety is extremely tough and is actually stronger than steel. Notable Occurrences include the Lake Baikal Region, Russia; China; New Zealand; British Columbia, Canada and Taiwan. Best Field Indicators are toughness (nephrite jade), fibrosity (asbestos), typical green color, crystal habit and hardness. Colors: green and greenish-gray, opaque, sometimes speckled Colors: green, white or gray Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Neptunite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are translucent to opaque.
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Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic, elongated crystals with nearly square cross-sections. The terminations are modified and slanted dome faces. Also found massive and in disseminated grains. Cleavage is perfect in two direction at 80 and 100 degree angles. Fracture is splintery. Hardness is 5.5 specific Gravity is approximately 3.23 (slightly above average) Streak is reddish-brown. Associated Minerals are benitoite, natrolite, serpentine, aegerine and joaquinite. Other Characteristics: an internal red reflection can sometimes be seen through the prismatic crystal faces. Notable Occurrences include the famous San Benito Co., California site as well as Narsarssuk Greenland and the Kola peninsula, Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, internal reflection, streak, associations, color, and cleavage. Colors: black to reddish black Hardness: 5.5
New Zealand Jade

Only one material has ever fulfilled the role of tool, weapon, ornament, spiritual medium and money for early humans: Jade.BR> Jade is nephrite to the scientist, pounamu to the New Zealand Maori and greenstone to many kiwis (New Zealanders). Jade has played an important part in the evolution of our technology development and art because of the many physical properties it possesses. It is the toughest, natural material on earth, has a range of colors and degrees of translucency, incredible durability, sensual feel and audio properties. Just like other early civilizations all over the globe 8000 years ago, the Maori discovered jade in New Zealand, and have expressed their presence and appreciation of New Zealand itself with jade. Jade was formed under unique circumstances within the earth's crust. Nephrite Jade is found in many places around the world, but appears so abundantly in the Sayan Mountains in New Zealand that it is often referred to as New Zealand Jade. This same "New Zealand Jade" is said to be the most powerful of the Nephrite Jades. In New Zealand, a land untouched by time, jade images of ancestral figures are worn in ceremonies. The stone is protective and will guard against accidents. Colors: dark green with white/light green swirl/patternd, green, dark green Hardness: 6.5 to 7
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Nickel
Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System is isometric Crystal Habits crystal form is extremely rare; cubic when found, but generally granular or massive. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is hackly. Streak is gray metallic. Specific Gravity is 7.8-8.2 (heavy even for metallic) Other Characteristics: malleable, mildly attracted to magnets. Associated Minerals are olivine, pyroxenes, and some minerals that are only found in meteorites. In terrestrial samples it is found with gold and platinum and with sulfide ores. Notable Occurrences New Caledonia, Meteor Crater, Arizona and San Diego County California, USA Best Field Indicators are environment, weak attraction to magnets, malleability. Colors: bluish white Hardness: 4 to 5
Nickeline
Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System: Hexagonal; 6/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits are limited to mostly massive and granular components of massive hydrothermal sulfide rocks and gabbros, but a few localities have produced good pyramidal or tabular crystals. Columnar and reniform habits are also seen. Rare fourling twins are also seen. Cleavage: Not observed. Fracture: Uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.8 (well above average for metallic minerals) Streak: Dark brown to black. Other Characteristics: Will often develop a dark tarnish on fresh surfaces and weathered surfaces may have a coating of the green nickel arsenate, annabergite. Upon heating a garlic odor maybe observed due to the arsenic content. Crystals tend to be striated. Associated Minerals include arsenopyrite, barite, silver, annabergite, cobaltite, pyrrhotite,
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pentlandite, chalcopyrite, breithauptite and maucherite. Notable Occurrences include the Natsume nickel mine, Japan and at Mansfeld and Eisleben, Germany; Franklin, New Jersey; California and Colorado, USA; Styria, Austria; Sinaloa, Mexico; Talmessi, Anarak, Iran and at Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada; Cobalt and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada as well as some sites in England, France, Morocco, Russia and southern Australia. Best Field Indicators are color, density, associations, streak, hardness and odor when heated. Colors: copper-red to pink Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Niter
Luster is vitreous. Transparency Crystals are translucent to transparent only in individual crystals. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include crusts and acicular crystals formed as efflorescence on cave and mine walls. Also as a constituent in arid climate soils. Rarely forms crystals of any appreciable size but some clusters of hexagonal shaped twinned crystals are known. Cleavage is good in two directions (prismatic). Fracture is uneven. Hardness is 2. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.1 (well below average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Easily soluble in water, gives a violet flame in a flame test (potassium), is slightly sectile and is nondeliquescent. Associated Minerals calcite, dolomite and certain minerals in various arid region soils. Notable Occurrences include the Persian Gulf states, India; Russia; Italy; Spain; northern Chile; New Mexico, Kentucky and Tennessee, USA; Egypt and Bolivia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit if visible, solubility in water, nondeliquescent and violet flame test. Colors: white or gray, also tinted yellow or brown by impurities Hardness: 2
Nitratine
Luster is vitreous.
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Transparency crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include masses and soil deposits in arid and desert regions. Crystals are rare, but when found are in the form of rhombohedrons similar to calcite's crystals. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.2 - 2.3 (below average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals gypsum, halite and other arid region minerals. Other Characteristics: Deliquescent, slightly sectile, very soluble in water and gives a yellow flame test result. Notable Occurrences include the Tarapaca and other northern Chile sites; Bolivia; Peru and Humboldt Co., Nevada, San Bernardino Co., California and New Mexico, USA. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, flame test, solubility, deliquescence, hardness, occurrence and cleavage. Colors: white or gray, sometimes with tints of red-brown or yellow Hardness: 1.5 to 2
Norbergite
Luster is vitreous to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include small prismatic to rounded crystals, but as is most commonly the case, as embedded indistinct grains. Cleavage is poor in one direction, basal. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.1 - 3.2 Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Many specimens (usually those that are of a lighter color) fluoresce a tan to yellow color under shortwave UV light. Associated Minerals include franklinite, fluorite, pyrrhotite, spinel, tremolite, diopside, dollaseite-(Ce), chondrodite and calcite. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Ostanmosoa Iron Mine, Norberg, Vastmanland, Sweden (hence the name) as well as Franklin, New Jersey, USA; Kazabazua, Quebec and Bancroft, Ontario, Canada; Pargas, Finland and Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, fluorescence, environment of formation and hardness. Colors: white, yellow, tan, brown, orange or red Hardness: 6 to 6.5
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Novaculite
Novaculite is known as the "Cord Cutting Crystal." It is used psychically to cut psychic or etheric cords. It can also be helpful for "cutting through" problems, getting past problems, and finding solutions. Novaculite is useful for alleviating depression and despair. Physically novaculite is helpful for healing of clinical depression, obsessive disorders, warts, and moles. Novaculite energizes all the chakras.
Nuumite
Nuumite (also Nuummit) is a very protective stone. It can protect one from negative energy of many, many kinds by wearing or carrying the stone, and is often sought for this shielding property. It is also helpful for removing energy blockages, and to clear the aura. Nuumite is also good for synthesizing psychic and intuitive wisdom with intellectual thought. Physically nuumite is used in general healing, infections, purifying blood, kidneys, insulin production regulation, eyesight, and CNS (central nervous system) disorders. Nuumite opens and clears the heart chakra, and will also activate and integrate all the chakras. Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Obsidian
This volcanic glass is used for grounding and divination. Green Obsidian is particularly useful in protection from people who try to "reel you into their personal crises." It redirects their pulling, draining that energy, and gives them access to their own healing. If you have a lot of people who constantly come to you for aid, wearing Green Obsidian will give you an immediate sense of lightness and freedom are it redirects these energies away from you. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Obsidian is translucent in any stone of appreciable size. Crystal System does not apply because obsidian is amorphous. Habits include compact nodules or as massive layers between other volcanic rocks Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.6 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Generally lacks open voids or large bubbles like other volcanic rocks. Notable Occurrences include Italy; Mexico; Scotland; Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Utah and Idaho, USA.
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Best Field Indicators are color, fracture, flow bubbles, softness, association with other volcanic rocks and lack of crystal faces. Colors: dark green, dark brown, black, gold, green, yellow, blue, purple Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Obsidian, Black
Obsidian is a very protective stone, and is excellent for removing negativity. It is also excellent protection against psychic attacks. In particular, obsidian protects from abuse. It is a very grounding stone, and very healing. Physically it benefits the stomach, intestines, muscle tissue, and can rid one of bacterial or viral infections. It sharpens and focuses internal and external vision, and helps get in touch with buried issues before they explode. Obsidian is related to the root chakra.
Rainbow Obsidian
Rainbow Obsidian (Sheen Obsidian) is called a "stone of pleasure." It also brings love and light and can bring out the spiritual nature within. Rainbow Obsidian is used psychically to enhance clairvoyance and is an excellent scrying stone. It is also a very protective stone, and is especially effective in protection rituals and amulets. Colors: gray-black, colorful gleam Hardness: 5.5 Rainbow Obsidian is primarily associated with the root chakra.
Obsidian, Snowflake
Snowflake obsidian has the property of bringing things to the surface. Snowflake obsidian can provide balance during times of change. It aids in seeing patterns in life and recreating them in a more beneficial way.
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It is a stone of serenity and purity, and can shield against negativity. It is associated with the root chakra and is beneficial for the veins, skeleton, and smooth skin. Snowflake obsidian gives protection from physical and emotional harm.
Ocean Jasper
Ocean Jasper is very soothing and helps people to love one another (and themselves). It is very healing of the emotions and brings peace of mind. It helps with acceptance of responsibility and increases patience. The circulars patterns on ocean jasper help us realize that we are all interconnected It can also help with circular breathing for healing or meditation. Being a type of jasper, ocean jasper is a very protective stone, and any orbs ("eyes") enhance this in regard to protection from the "evil eye." Physically, ocean jasper is beneficial to the digestion, digestive organs, removing toxins, lessen body odor. Ocean Jasper is related to the heart chakra.
Okenite
Okenite is often called a "warm and fuzzy" stone because it brings feelings of the "warm fuzzies", feelings of comfort and belonging. Emotionally okenite encourages forgiveness of self and others, and lessening of denial. It can bring truth with self and others and ease the harshness of that truth. It also helps break bad habits of all kinds. In the psychic realm, okenite is an excellent helper stone for channeling angels and other benign beings. Okenite is a purifying stone. Physically okenite is helpful for blood diseases and problems, lowering fever, stomach problems, and slowing aging. Okenite is associated primarily with the crown chakra but can align and purify the energy of all chakras. Luster is resinous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to mostly translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include the popular radiating accicular crystals described above, but is more commonly found as radially fiberous masses and rarely as single bladed crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction but rarely seen because of small crystal size. Fracture is splintery. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.3+ (below average)
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Streak is white. Associated Minerals are gyrolite, calcite, apophyllite, quartz, laumontite and other zeolites. Other Characteristics: crystals are bendable and fragile. Notable Occurrences include Poona, India; Greenland, Chile and Ireland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color and associations. Colors: white or colorless Hardness: 5
Oligoclase (Sunstone)
Oligoclase is a great stone to use when dealing with issues of trust. It is also helpful in releasing internal anger. Oligoclase stimulates awareness and self-awareness, and it neutralizes negativity through this awareness. Use this stone for a journey of discovery into the inner self. Oligoclase also allows one to see the highest perspective or vision. Luster is vitreous to dull if weathered. Transparency crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include blocky, or tabular crystals. Crystals have a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slightly slanted dome and pinacoid terminations. Twinning is almost universal in all plagioclases. Crystals can be twinned according to the Albite, Carlsbad, Manebach and Baveno laws. Oligoclase can be found as a major rock forming component in granites and syenites. Cleavage is perfect in one and good in another direction forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.64 - 2.68 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, muscovite and K-feldspars. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.533 - 1.552. Lamellar twinning may cause a grooved effect on crystal and cleavage surfaces that appear as striations. Notable Occurrences include Sri Lanka; New York, USA; Russia; Sweden and Canada. Best Field Indicators are occurence, twinning striations, shimmer, density and index of refraction. Colors: off-white or gray, pale shades of green, yellow or brown Hardness: 6 to 6.5
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Olivine (Peridot)
(see Peridot.) Color is a light near emerald green to the more common pale yellowish green; also found colorless, greenish brown to black. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include flatten tabular to box shaped crystals, but good crystals are rare. More commonly found as grains in alluvial gravels and as granular xenoliths in magnesium rich volcanic rock. Also massive. Twinning is rare, but has produced star shaped trillings. Cleavage is poor in two directions at 90 degrees, is more distinct in fayalite. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 for forsterite - 4.3 for fayalite (above average for non-metallic minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.64 - 1.70 and has double refraction. Associated Minerals are diopside, spinel, plagioclase feldspars, chromite, hornblende, serpentine, iron-nickel meteorites and augite. Notable Occurrences are numerous and include the ancient source of Zagbargad Island in the Red Sea off the coast of Egypt; Mogok, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma); South Africa; Ural Mountains, Russia; Kohistan, Pakistan; Norway; Sweden; France; Minas Gerais, Brazil; Eifel, Germany; Chihuahua, Mexico; Ethiopia; Victoria, Australia; China and Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii; North Carolina; New Mexico and Peridot Mesa, San Carlos Apache Reservation, Gila County, Arizona, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, hardness, mafic igneous or metamorphic environment of formation, lack of good cleavage and density. Colors: light, "near emerald" green, pale yellowish green, also found colorless, greenish brown to black Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Olivenite
Luster is resinous to nearly adamantine. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to almost opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic 2/m2/m2/m
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Crystal Habits include crystals that are diamond-shaped, often acicular, prisms that are terminated by a dome with triangular faces. Can form feniform masses similar to wavellite's typical habit. Also as tiny crystalline druzes, fiberous masses, nodules and crusts. Cleavage is poor in two directions, but rarely noticed. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9 - 4.4 (above average to heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is olive green. Associated Minerals are malachite, libethenite, Clinoclase, limonite, adamite, agardite and other secondary copper ore minerals. Other Characteristics: Soluble in hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences: Cornwall, England; Nevada, USA and Tsumeb, Nambia. Best Field Indicators are color, habits, solubility in hydrochloric acid, associations, locallities and density. Colors: dark olive green Hardness: 3
Onyx, Banded
Onyx, Black
Onyx, as expected due to its color, is also a stone for protection. It can be worn to still sexual desires. Onyx is associated primarily with the root chakra. It assists with challenges in life, especially those caused by a drain of energy. It also helps with grounding and controlling or eliminating excess or unwanted energies. Black onyx and red onyx are associated with the base chakra. White onyx is associated with linking the base and crown chakras thereby balancing energy throughout the entire chakra system. Colors: black, opaque Hardness: 7
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Onyx, Green
Onyx, Red
Onyx, Yellow
Opal
The opal is both projective and receptive. The opal contains the colors as well as the qualities of many, many other stones. The ancients used it to promote astral projection. They can also be used to recall past incarnations. Opals are worn to bring out ones inner beauty. Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Specimens are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Does not apply because opal is amorphous. Habits include massive, cavity-fillings such as in fractures and geodes, nodular, reniform or as a replacement of other minerals and wood. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 2 - 2.5 (light) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Most specimens will fluoresce white or pale green, some phosphoresce and all specimens can be very sensitive to impacts and low temperatures. Associated rocks are chert (a form of microcrystalline quartz), volcanic rocks and many others. Colors: colorless, white, blue, green, red, crimson, yellow, black; usually but not always opalescent, so that it gleams with all the colors of the rainbow. Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5
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Opals, Fire
Used in drawing out money. Enhances physical pleasures and may ignite interpersonal relationships. Fire Opals are thought to be very magical because of the distinct patterns of color which seem to move while viewing. The color play include: green, blue, yellow, red, and purple. The energy of the fire opal allow us to look deeply within to understand ourselves in a better way. A great choice if you are looking for your purpose in life. The Fire Opal can be very energizing, giving strength and endurance in stressful times. Also, meditation can be done with fire opal, it is very easy to get into a meditative state by simply gazing at the incredible colors of this opal. This opal can and is cut and polished as a gem-quality jewel.
Opals, Black
Opals can increase the power released from the body during energetic activities. Opal is a stone of inspiration which enhances imagination and creativity. It helps one release inhibitions and enhances memory. Opal is also a very spiritual stone, and can help one be "invisible" in situations where they don't care to be noticed. Opal brings happy dreams. It also eases the process of change.
Orpiment
Orpiment should be handled with care as it is a poisonous mineral. It is however a stone of intellectual clarity that stimulates the intellect and promotes clarity of thought and reasoning. It is a stone associated with innocence, purity, goodness, and emotional intimacy. Colors: lemon yellow, reddish yellow
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Luster is resinous to pearly. Transparency crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habit: is usually foliated or earthy masses and crusts, also fiberous and as small tabular crystals that appear orthorhombic. Cleavage is perfect in one direction producing flexible, non-elastic flakes. Fracture is flaky. Specific Gravity is 3.5 Streak is yellow Associated Minerals realgar, calcite, stibnite, barite and gypsum. Other Characteristics: orpiment is unstable in light; specimens should be stored in complete darkness. Also usually has a distinct odor similar to sulfur, but is due to the arsenic. Notable Occurances Romania; Peru; Japan; Mercur, Utah, USA and Australia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, cleavage, odor and color. Colors: orange-yellow to yellow Hardness: 1 to 2
Orange Calcite
Orange calcite is a stone that is particularly helpful mentally. It can relieve emotional fear, mental breakdown, and depression. It is particularly helpful with phobias. Orange calcite restores mental and emotional equilibrium. Orange calcite can also give a gentle boost to psychic abilities and intuition. Physically, orange calcite is helpful for the reproductive system, genitals, intestines, irritable bowel syndrome, kidneys, chronic fatigue, calcium intake and assimilation. It is also helpful for balancing sexual energies.
Orthoclase
Luster is vitreous to dull if weathered. Transparency crystals are usually opaque, may be translucent or rarely transparent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
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Crystal Habits include blocky or tabular crystals. Crystals have a nearly rectangular or square cross-section with slightly slanted dome and pinacoid terminations. Twinning is common. (see above). A psuedo-orthorhombic or psuedo-trigonal variety, found in alpine veins is called adularia, and forms more flattened tabular crystals. Cleavage is good in 2 directions forming nearly right angled prisms. Fracture is conchoidal or uneven Specific Gravity is approximately 2.53 - 2.56 (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are quartz, plagioclase feldspars, micas, garnets, tourmalines and topaz. Other Characteristics: some crystals may show opalescence and are called moonstone. Notable Occurrences are many but these are a few of them: Salzburg, Austria; Cornwall, England and New York, Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire, USA. Best Field Indicators color, lack of striations, cleavage, twinning if present and occurrence. Colors: lemon yellow, transparent Hardness: 6 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Click on the fluorite above to visit the Gay Reiki Website!
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Visit the Dion Gallery Website! A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Pachnolite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Monoclinic. Crystal Habits include prismatic crystals with steep pyramidal terminations. Also pseudo-orthorhombic twinned prismatic crystals are common but tabular crystals are rare. Cleavage is very indistinct. Fracture is conchoidal. Hardness is 3 Specific Gravity is 2.98 (average). Streak is white. Associated Minerals include thomsenolite, cryolite, ralstonite and limonite. Notable Occurrences are limited to Ivigtut, Greenland. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, locality and lack of good cleavage. Colors: colorless, white or stained yellow to brown by limonite Hardness: 3
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Papagoite
Papagoite brings optimism. Historically, it has been used to bring peace and purity. It helps one to speak with clarity. It is also used for thought projection. In meditation, it can help bring one to a euphoric state of oneness. It is associated primarily with the third eye chakra, but also aligns other chakras. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: crystals are translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include tiny flattened, elongated crystals sometimes formed into spherical aggregates and massive vein filling material. Cleavage is imperfect in one direction. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (slightly above average for non-metallic minerals) Streak is pale blue. Associated Minerals are limited to aurichalcite, ajoite, barite, shattuckite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include the New Cornelia Mine, Ajo District in Pima County, Arizona, USA and Messina, Transvaal, South Africa. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, color and locality. Colors: dark sky blue in crystals and a paler blue in massive veins Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Paradamite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1. Crystal Habits include rounded tabular crystals, usually aggregated. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 - 4.6 (heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Some specimens are fluorescent yellow (adamite usually fluoreses green) under shortwave UV light. Associated Minerals include adamite, legrandite, limonite, smithsonite, austinite, mimetite and other zinc oxidation zone minerals. Notable Occurrence is limited to the famous mines of Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, density, fluorescence and associations. Colors: pale yellow Hardness: 3.5
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Peacock Rock
Provides a fresh new outlook on life and has strong healing properties.
Pearl
Pearl, like amber, jet, and mother of pearl, is the product of a living creature. Pearls attune the wearer to ebb and flow of life. They are calming and centering. They give purity and promote faith, charity, and integrity, truth, and loyalty. They especially enhance personal integrity. Colors: silver, cream, gold becoming green, blue, black, always gleaming Hardness: 3 to 4
Pecos Diamond
Stabilizes emotions, brings joy, and aids creativity and intuition.
Pectolite (Larimar)
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Peridot (Olivine)
Peridot promotes protection, health, wealth, and sleep. Its green color lends itself to use in attracting wealth. Peridot is associated with the heart chakra, and can be used to balance and stimulate that chakra. It is a stone of compassion. It has a friendly energy and is excellent for healing. It assists in rebirth and renewal of all kinds. It enhances the healing and harmony of relationships of all kinds, but particularly marriage. Peridot can lessen stress within relationships, alleviate anger and jealousy, and slow aging. It also assists in finding what is lost, and strengthens ESP abilities. Birthstone for August Colors: olive green to yellow Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Perovskite
Luster is submetallic to adamantine, greasy or waxy. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is Orthorhombic (pseudocubic). Crystal Habits include commonly pseudocubic striated crystals. Also found bladed, reniform, granular and massive. Cleavage is imperfect in one direction. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is 4.0 (below average for metallic minerals) Streak is white to gray. Associated Minerals include chlorite, talc, serpentine, melilite, andradite, nepheline, sphene and leucite. Notable Occurrences include the Slatoust district, Ural Mountains, Russia; Sweden; Crestmore Quarries, Riverside County and the Diablo Range, San Benito County, California; the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana and Magnet Cove Arkansas, USA; Zermatt, Switzerland; Gardiner complex, Greenland; Jacupiranga, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Val Malenco, Lombardy, Italy and the Eifel District, Germany. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, luster, associations, striations and locality. Colors: black, brown, gray, orange to yellow Hardness: 5.5
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Petalite
Petalite is sometimes called the "Stone of the Angels." It is excellent for spiritual healing. It also encourages and promotes connections to spirit guides and totems. It is said to lift one to higher awareness and allow access to higher dimensions. It has been used to protect Shamans during ceremonies. It is extremely useful for astral travel and meditation because it will ground and protect you during these activities. It will also dissipate and remove negative energy and black magic spells. Petalite is also a stone of peace that can bring gentle calm in most any situation. It is also great at enhancing and increasing intuition and psychic abilities, and increases one's ability to feel subtle energies. Petalite balances yin/yang energies and aligns and balances mind/body/spirit. It is related to and works best on the throat and crown chakras.
Petoskey Stone
Petoskey Stone is a type of fossilized colony coral found only in Michigan, USA, the coral lived during the Devonian period about 350 million years ago when Michigan had a warm inland sea. Because of the "eye" configurations it shows when polished, it is said to mystically help stimulate the third eye and psychic awareness. Petoskey Stone is also said to keep naughty spirits from channeling incorrect information or interfering with one's life. In particular, as far as awareness, Petoskey Stone is said to enhance awareness of the emotions, which can be a boon for dealing with emotional issues. It is also said to clear out negative energies from the aura and the environment. It is related primarily to the third eye chakra as well as the crown chakra.
Petrified Wood
Petrified wood consists of ancient trees that were covered with mineral-rich water and then
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transformed into a "stone." It is receptive and promotes longevity, past life regression, healing and protection. Coupled with amber and/or jet - can make a powerful male energetic elixir. Petrified wood is a stone that is good for grounding and stabilizing one's emotions. It is particularly useful in calming survival-based fears. It helps one be practical. It is a stone of business success. Physically, it is beneficial for bones, backaches, skin, and hair. Petrified wood is also used for past life regressions because of its inherent link with the past. Colors: gray-brown, brown, from Sequoia trees, as well as in strong colors (brown, red, violet, blue, green, yellow) Hardness: depending on the wood
Phantom Quartz
Phantom quartz crystals are said to help one understand the various stages in life that we all evolve thru, and they are said to be an excellent tool for meditation and for remembrance of past lives. Colors: like rock crystal, but several crystals grown together Hardness: 7
Phenacite
Phenacite occurs in nature as white to colorless hexagonal prismatic crystals with rhombohedral faces. Phenacite is much harder than quartz crystal, and is relatively rare. The difficult to find transparent crystals are sometimes faceted for use as gemstones. Phenacite has a much higher vibrational frequency than quartz. A relatively tiny phenacite crystal can open and energize the entire chakra system, stimulate the spinal column, and connect the intellectual centers with Higher Mind.
Phlogopite
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Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include tabular to prismatic crystals with a prominant pinacoid termination. Phlogopite's four prism faces and two pinacoid faces form pseudo-hexagonal crystal "books". Also as lamellar or granular rock forming masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction producing thin sheets or flakes. Fracture is not readily observed due to cleavage but is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9+ (average) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are dolomitic marbles, hornblende, garnets and schorl. Other Characteristics: cleavage sheets are flexible and elastic, meaning they can be bent and will flex back to original shape. Thin flakes show an asterism or six rayed star when a light source is viewed through the crystal due to inclusions. Notable Occurrences include Ontario and Quebec, Canada; Russia and at many locallities in Europe. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, cleavage, elastic sheets and associations. Colors: pale brown to brown Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Phosgenite
Clear, yellow-white, greenish, white. I s associated with boldness, courage, daring and confidence. Luster is adamantine to greasy. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4 2 2 Crystal Habits: Generally crystals are long slender prismatic to acicular with either a pinacoidal, a tetragonal trapezohedral or a pyramidal termination that tappers due to multiple secondary pyramidal faces. Can also be stubby, tabular, massive and granular. Large crystals (some up to half a foot long) are weakly striated lengthwise. Specific Gravity is 6.0+ (very heavy for translucent minerals) Cleavage is good in two directions lengthwise (prismatic), poor basal cleavage Fracture is conchoidal. Streak is white. Associated Minerals include cerussite, anglesite, galena and limonite. Other Characteristics: Usually exhibits a bright yellow fluorescence in ultraviolet light. Notable Occurrences include Tsumeb, Namibia; Sardinia, Italy; Tiger Mine, Arizona, Inyo Co., California and Colorado, USA; Matlock, England and Laurium, Greece.
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Best Field Indicators are fluorescence, density, variable hardness, color, crystal habit and high luster. Colors: colorless, white, brown to yellow Hardness: 2 to 3
Phosphuranylite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are generally translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m. Crystal Habits include tiny platy crystals, crusts and fossil wood replacement masses. Cleavage is perfect in one direction (basal). Fracture is earthy Specific Gravity is approximately 4.1 (well above average for translucent minerals) Streak is yellow. Other Characteristics:Radioactive and non-fluorescent. Associated Minerals include torbernite, autunite, uraninite and other uranium bearing minerals. Notable Occurrences include the Flat Rock Pegmatite and Buchanan Pegmatite, Spruce Pine, Mitchell County, North Carolina and the Jack Daniels No. 1 Mine, Coconino County, Arizona and the Ruggles Mine of Grafton and the Palermo Mine, North Groton, New Hampshire, USA; Spain; Republic of Congo; Bavaria, Germany; Margnac, Haute-Vienne, France and Rio Grande de Norte, Brazil. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, non-fluorescence, associations, radioactivity and color. Colors: deep golden to straw yellow Hardness: 2.5
Picasso Stone
Development of creative and artistic abilities. Strength. Self-discipline.
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Picture Jasper
Picture jasper helps create harmony, proportion, creative visualization, and positive outcomes in business pursuits. It shows hidden messages from the past as well as thoughts, fears, and hopes. These qualities make it useful as an emotional/psychological healing stone.
Pietersite (aka Tempeststone)

Pietersite, sometimes known as Tempeststone, helps one see beyond the immediate to beauty in all. It enhances courage, tenacity, and ability to maintain or create what is yours. Spiritually and psychically, pietersite helps in working with angels, experiencing visions, and precognition, relating to feminine energy, as well as astral and dimensional travel. Emotionally, pietersite helps to relax, and release deep emotions in a calmer way. Pietersite is also excellent for improving memory.
Pine
Visit the Thunder Healing Pine Page here.
Plancheite
Luster is vitreous to silky. Transparency specimens are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic. Growth Habits include spherulites or sprays of acicular or fibrous radial crystal clusters. Other habits include massive, mammillary and fibrous aggregates and tiny tabular or platy crystals.
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Cleavage is not discernible Fracture is fibrous Specific Gravity is approximately 3.6 - 3.8 (above average for a non-metallic mineral). Streak is pale blue. Associated Minerals are cerussite, dioptase, limonite, melanotekite, quartz, shattuckite, bindheimite, conichalcite, brochantite, "bisbeeite"; (a variety of chrysocolla), and other chrysocolla varieties, and other secondary copper minerals. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Mindouli, Congo as well as Tantara and Kambowe, Shaba, of the Democratic Republic of Congo and several copper deposits in Arizona, especially the Table Mountain Mine. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, density, locality and associations. Colors: commonly a pale blue, greenish blue to almost turquoise blue, and dark blue in some specimens Hardness: 5.5
Platinum
Luster is metallic. Transparency is opaque. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include nuggets, grains or flakes, rarely showing cubic forms. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is jagged. Specific Gravity is 14 - 19+, pure platinum is 21.5 (extremely heavy even for metallic minerals). Streak is steel-gray. Other Characteristics: Does not tarnish, is sometimes weakly magnetic and is ductile, malleable and sectile, meaning it can be pounded into other shapes, stretched into a wire and cut into slices. Associated Minerals include chromite, olivine, enstatite, pyroxene, magnetite and occasionally gold. Notable Occurrences includes Transvaal, South Africa; Ural Mountains, Russia; Columbia and Alaska, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, density, weak magnetism, hardness, associations and ductility. Colors: white-gray to silver-gray, usually lighter than the platinum color of pure processed platinum Hardness: 4 to 4.5
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Plattnerite
Luster is adamantine to submetallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include eight sided prisms and blocky crystals terminated by a blunt four sided or complex pyramid. Large crystals are rare and massive forms are more common. It also forms as drusy crusts with tiny sparkling crystals. Cleavage is good in two directions forming prisms, poor in a third (basal). Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 9.4+ (very heavy even for a metallic mineral) Streak is "chestnut" brown Other Characteristics: Can be dissolved by acids. Associated Minerals are rosasite, limonite, murdochite and other lead oxides. Notable Occurrences include Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland; Shoeshone Co., Idaho, USA and Mapimi, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, density, color and high luster. Colors: black Hardness: 5 to 5.5
Pop Rocks (Kansas Pop Rocks)

Kansas Pop Rocks are the common name for the stones that are trademarked as Boji Stones. They come from the same place, at the base of a natural pyramid mount in the center of the continental USA, and are the same type of rock, having the same properties. Kansas Pop Rocks usually come in pairs, a smoother stone which has Yin or female energy and is referred to as the female, and a rougher stone that has Yang or masculine energy and is referred to as the male. Kansas Pop Rocks are excellent for balancing energy and polarities of all kinds. They are used a lot in energy healing and psychic healing to release blockages. They are also used a lot to balance the chakras and align them. They are also excellent for grounding excess energies, grounding people who are feeling "spacey", and for shielding. In the both the household plant pots and out in nature, Kansas Pop Rocks are used to promote plant growth. Kansas Pop Rocks are also used in healing arthritis, back pain, general healing, regeneration of cells, adrenal glands, chronic fatigue, and physical energy. These stones bring a sense of joy, are highly energetic, and can draw out pain.
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Powellite
Luster is adamantine to greasy. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m Crystal Habits include small four sided pyramidal crystals (pseudo-octahedral) and thin plates. Commonly as crusts or films around altered molybdenite and as pseudomorphs after molybdenite. Cleavage is distinct in four directions (bipyramidal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 4.2 - 4.3 (heavy for nonmetallic minerals). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Fluorescent golden yellow. Associated Minerals are quartz, zeolites, molybdenite and lindgrenite. Notable Occurrences include the Peacock Lode, Seven Devils district, Idaho (the type locality); Keewenaw Peninsula, Michigan; Tungsten, Nevada; Superior, Arizona and Randsberg, California, USA; Nasik, India; Turkey; Russia; Scotland; Clayton Quarry, Panama Canal Zone, Panama and Morocco. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, fluorescence, association with molybdenite and cleavage. Colors: yellow, brown, gray, blue, white or black Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Prase
Resolves sexuality issues; sense of oneness with universe; Earth-mother stone. Colors: various shades of green, sometimes with black inclusions Hardness: 7
Prehnite
Prehnite is a very protective stone and can protect one on all levels. It strengthens the life force and generally increases and stimulates energy.
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It aids spirit communication through meditation or visualization, out-of-body travel, and is a powerful dream stone. Prehnite is also known as a stone of prophesy which stimulates inner-knowing. Physically, prehnite is helpful in the healing of gout, anemia, and kidney problems. Luster is vitreous to waxy or pearly. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to mostly translucent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2 m m. Crystal Habits include nodular, concretionary, radial, encrusting and stalactitic formations among other similar types. Tabular or pyramidal individual crystals are rare but some nodular specimens show tabular crystal protrusions. Cleavage is good in one direction (pinacoidal). Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9+ (average). Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Lacks the luster of smithsonite and cleavage surfaces are curved and pearly. Associated Minerals include datolite, gyrolite, fluorapophyllite, quartz, calcite, copper, pectolite, stilbite and other zeolites. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Cape of Good Hope, South Africa as well as Connecticut; Pennsylvania; Patterson, New Jersey and Centreville, Virginia, USA; Bombay, India; Harz Mountains, Germany; Austria; Scotland; Copper Valley, Namibia; Jeffery Quarry, Asbestos, Canada; China; New South Wales, Australia and France. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, cleavage, hardness and associations. Colors: pale green to a yellowish grass green, also gray, white or colorless Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Pseudoboleite
Luster is vitreous to pearly. Transparency: Crystals are usually translucent to transparent. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4 2 2 Crystal Habits include tiny blocky crystals on top of the boleite's crystal faces; a form of epitaxial overgrowth. It is often intergrown with boleite in parallel growth. Crystals can be pseudocubic. Cleavage is perfect. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.9 - 5.0 (rather heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is light green to blue. Associated Minerals include other rare copper and lead chlorides such as boleite, cumengite, chloroxiphite, paralaurionite, matlockite, chlorargyrite, atacamite, mendipite and diaboleite. Also found with cerussite, smithsonite, connellite, gerhardtite, cuprite, leadhillite, clays, linarite,
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phosgenite and chrysocolla. Notable Occurrences include Boleo, Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico and the Mammoth District, Arizona, USA and most places where boleite is found. Best Field Indicators are crystals habit, color, density, streak and locality. Colors: indigo blue Hardness: 2.5
Purpurite (Purperite)
Purpurite (purperite) is a stone that helps break away from self-destructive or self-limiting patterns, as well as external restraints. It helps one speak with confidence. It increases spirituality, promotes inner growth, and stimulates the ability to absorb spiritual insights. Purpurite is also a stone that can bring prosperity and help with finances. Physically, purpurite is helpful for wounds, bruises, uric acid levels, and purifying the blood. Luster is vitreous to sub-metallic. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to opaque. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m2/m2/m Crystal Habits generally are massive grains or crusts. Cleavage is good in one and poor in another direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (above average) Streak is deep red to purple. Other Characteristics: Brown coatings can be removed by weak acid baths that can also bring out more purple color. Associated Minerals are lithiophyllite, heterosite, quartz and feldspars. Notable Occurrences include Namibia; western Australia; North Carolina, USA and France. Best Field Indicators are color, associations, lack of crystals and luster. Colors: purple Hardness: 4 to 4.5
Pyrargyrite
Luster is adamantine. Transparency crystals are translucent to nearly opaque.
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Crystal System trigonal; 3m Crystal Habits: include prismatic crystals with rhombohedral and scalenohedral faces forming terminations. There is no perpendicular mirror plane and therefore a hemimorphic crystal can be seen, in some rare examples, with differing terminations at the top and bottom of the crystal. Typical crystals are poorly formed and modified heavily by secondary faces. Also found massive. Cleavage is sometimes distinct in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.8 (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is a dark cherry red. Associated Minerals include proustite, silver, tetrahedrite, calcite, argentite. quartz, galena, sphalerite and other silver vein minerals. Other Characteristics: darkens upon exposure to light and crystals are frequently striated. Notable Occurances include Atacama, Chile; silver mines in Saxony Germany and in Colorado, USA and Cobalt, Onatario, Canada. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, density, association with silver sulfides and color. Colors: red to red-black Hardness: 2.5
Pyrite
Pyrite is a stone of intellect and protection. It enhances intelligence, mental stability, logic, analysis, creativity, memory, and psychic development. It can help you tap your own latent mental talents and abilities. Pyrite is a powerful protection stone, and is very grounding. Pyrite is also known as Fool's Gold and Healer's Gold. Luster is metallic. Transparency: Crystals are opaque. Crystal System is isometric; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the cube, octahedron and pyritohedron (a dodecahedron with pentagonal faces) and crystals with combinations of these forms. Good interpenetration twins called iron crosses are rare. Found commonly in nodules. A flattened nodular variety called "Pyrite Suns" or "Pyrite Dollars" is popular in rock shops. Also massive, reniform and replaces other minerals and fossils forming pseudomorphs or copies. Cleavage is very indistinct. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 5.1+ (heavier than average for metallic minerals) Streak is greenish black. Other Characteristics: Brittle, striations on cubic faces caused by crossing of pyritohedron with
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cube. (note - striations on cube faces also demonstrate pyrite's lower symmetry). Pyrite unlike gold is not malleable. Associated Minerals are quartz, calcite, gold, sphalerite, galena, fluorite and many other minerals. Pyrite is so common it may be quicker to name the unassociated minerals. Notable Occurrences include Illinois and Missouri, USA; Peru; Germany; Russia; Spain; and South Africa among many others. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, hardness, streak, luster and brittleness. Colors: silver, brass yellow to golden Hardness: 6 to 6.5
Pyrolusite (Manganese)
Is associated with hope, optimism, confidence, determination and material comfort. Luster is metallic to dull in weather or thinly crusted specimens. Transparency crystals are opaque, translucent in only thin splinters. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habit is typically massive and compact forms, but also fibrous, acicular, columnar, concretionary, scaly and earthy forms are well known. A thin dendritic habit is commonly seen encrusted on sandstones and siltstones and will form wonderful fern or tree like patterns that are often mistaken for fossil plants. A variety with large, easily visible crystals is called polianite, and occurs as minute prismatic crystals with a square or rectangular cross-section and a wedge-shaped terminations. Cleavage is good in two directions forming prisms, but rarely seen except in rare large crystals. Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.4 - 5.1 (average for metallic minerals) Streak is black. Associated Minerals are limonite, hematite, quartz, manganite, psilomelane and other manganese and iron oxide minerals. Notable Occurances include nice specimens from Germany; iron mines in Minnesota and Michigan and at Lake County, New Mexico, USA. Pyrolusite is mined in many countries around the world with the most productive countries being Georgia and Ukraine of the former USSR, India, China, South Africa, Brazil, Australia and Gabon. Polianite occurs in abundance at the Kisenge Mine, in Zaire. Best Field Indicators are habits, luster, softness, color and streak. Colors: steel gray to a solid black in earthy specimens Hardness: 6
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Pyromorphite
Pyromorphite is a mineral that enhances the energies of other minerals. Pyromorphite is said to attract money and other objects of wealth, and can help one see the steps to take to achieve goals, giving it the nickname "the Victory Stone". It also activates and stimulates one's personal energy. Pyromorphite can be used to get rid of creative blocks. It is also used to renew connections with people one has lost touch with. Pyromorphite should not be used directly to make elixirs. Pyromorphite is excellent for healing because of its enhancement of other stones used in crystal healing. Physically, pyromorphite is used for chills, gum disease, removing organisms from the blood, and assimilating B vitamins. Luster is resinous to adamantine. Transparency: Crystals are rarely transparent, but usually translucent. Crystal System is hexagonal; 6/m Crystal Habits include the typical barrel shaped hexagonal prism with the hexagonal pyramid and/or a pinacoid as a termination. A classic specimen of Pyromorphite shows its arborescent habit as described above. Also granular, reniform, encrusting and massive. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 7.0+ (very heavy for translucent minerals) Streak is off white. Associated Minerals are cerussite, limonite, galena and secondary lead deposit minerals. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 2.05 (typically high for lead minerals) and crystal terminations can be hollowed out or pitted. Notable Occurrences include Idaho and Pennsylvania, USA; Mapimi, Mexico; Germany; England and Australia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, lack of transparency and density. Colors: typically green, but can also be yellow, orange and brown Hardness: 3.5 to 4 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Quantum Quattro Silica

Quantum Quattro Silica is from Namibia, the only known source for this combination of minerals: royal blue shattuckite, robin egg blue chrysacola, forest green dioptase, in smoky quartz with pastel light green malachite. Quantum-Quattro Silica is an immune system builder that is able to work within the DNA structure and cellular level to re-polarize and magnetically open the gateways to healing light. It is effective in healing past grief induced trauma that is locked within the emotional energy field and the bodys cells, causing pain in both areas.
Quartz, Clear
Quartz is a power stone that harmonizes and balances. It enhances energy and thoughts, and purifies the spiritual, mental, and physical. It is also a powerfully protective stone, bringing purified energy inward. Historically, this crystal has been used to counter black magic, to perform diagnostic healing, and to communicate with spirits. Clear quartz, as opposed to colored quartz, is associated with the crown chakra, but also works
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well on all chakras.
Quartz, Red Orange River

Red Orange River Quartz is found in South Africa, at, you guessed it, the Orange River. Red hematite gives this quartz its deep orangey-red. The combination of the quartz and the hematite energize and at the same time ground you. Red Orange River Quartz is good for helping accept one's life path, and is excellent for self-realization and acceptance. It is helpful for clear thinking and decision making. It aligns the lower chakras.
Quartz, Rutilated
Rutilated quartz is said to assist with tissue regeneration, assimilation of nutrition, and slow the advancement of aging. It is also said to boost the immune system and treat respiratory illness. Rutiliated quartz is also a mystical crystal "diagnostic tool" which can help discover the true cause of an ailment. Rutilated quartz is also purported to enhance mental and physical stability, self-reliance, and meditation on feminine ideas. It is reputed by intuitives and folklore to diminish fears, depression and issues with decisionmaking. Rutilated quartz is associated with the solar plexus chakra. Colors: transparent with needle-shaped reddish inclusions Hardness: 7
Quartz, Rose
Used to stimulate love and to open the heart. Rose quartz is pink quartz that is often called the "Love Stone." It is a stone of unconditional love that opens the heart chakra to all forms of love: self-love, family love, platonic love, and romantic love.
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The high energy of quartz gives rose quartz the property of enhancing love in virtually any situation. In turn, this lowers stress. All in all it is a very soothing and happy stone. Emotionally rose quartz brings gentleness, forgiveness, compassion, kindness and tolerance. It raises one's self-esteem and sense of self-worth. It helps balance emotions and heal emotional wounds and traumas, even grief, bringing peace and calm. Rose quartz removes fears, resentments and anger. It can also heal and release childhood traumas, neglect, and lack of love, in part by enhancing inner awareness. It can help with reconciliation with family and others. Overwhelming or unreasonable guilt is eased by rose quartz. In the psychic and spiritual realms, rose quartz is often used to attract love, and for love spells. It is also used to ease the process of transition in dying. Rose quartz can be helpful for dream recall and dream work. Colors: pink, translucent Hardness: 7
Quartz, Smokey
Smoky (or smokey) quartz is a grounding and stabilizing stone. It brings calm and centering, lifts depression, enhances practicality, and generally removes negative energies, bringing happiness. Smoky quartz is also a good luck stone. It can also assist in tapping subconscious wisdom. Smoky quartz is a protective stone, particularly for physical protection, protection from negativity, and psychic protection. Physically, smoky quartz is helpful for kidneys, abdomen, pancreas, reproductive organs, menstrual cramps, fertility issues, water retention. Colors: red-brown to solid black, translucent; very dark varieties are called morion Hardness: 7
Quartz, Snow
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Snow quartz is a stone that brings good fortune. It is also a calming and soothing stone. Snow quartz is helpful for meditation, and looking within. It also has all the properties of clear quartz to a lesser degree. Snow quartz is often used for purification. Physically, it is beneficial for the immune system.
Quartz, Tourmalated
Tourmalated quartz, also known as tourmaline in quartz, is an excellent protective stone, and brings balance and inner strength. It deflects and grounds negativity, and reduces anxiety and depression. Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Rainbow Moonstone
Rainbow moonstone has a gentle, calming energy. It helps to strengthen intuition and psychic perception, and enhances creativity, compassion, endurance and inner confidence. It is a stone that brings balance and harmony. The Rainbow effect brings in a spectrum of light, and can help with clearing and bringing in uplifting energies. It has been said to have the power to grant wishes.
Realgar
Realgar is a very unique and rare gemstone which is used mainly to bring energy into the body. It is also used to increase sexuality and fertility. It can reflect our true-selves, both the positive and the negative. Luster is resinous, adamantine to sub-metallic. Transparency: Crystals are translucent to transparent. Crystal System: Monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits: include prismatic striated crystals with a rounded diamond-like cross-section. They are terminated by a wedge-like dome. Also found as grains, crusts and earthy masses. Cleavage is good in one direction. Fracture is subconchoidal. Specific Gravity is 3.5 - 3.6 Streak is orange to orange-yellow. Other Characteristics: Realgar is unstable in light; specimens should be stored in complete darkness, rarely some specimens fluoresce under UV light and crystals are pleochroic between dark red and orange red. Associated Minerals almost always include orpiment, also calcite, stibnite and other metal sulfide ores. Notable Occurrences include most importantly Hunan Province, China; but also Switzerland; Japan; Macedonia; Mercur, Utah, USA; Romania and many other localities. Best Field Indicators are of course color as well as crystal habit, association with orpiment, softness and luster Colors: orange to red Hardness: 1.5 to 2
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Red Tiger's Eye

Red Tigers Eye enhances the integrity of the self. It can help with self-sufficiency. It is a survival stone and helps with the correct use of power for survival in difficult times.
Rhodizite
Rhodozite is sometimes called the "master crystal." It is a truly positive energy stone that never needs to be cleared or charged (like Kunzite and Citrine). Rhodizite assists with astral travel. It is also very helpful for meditation. Madagascar Shamans are said to use rhodizite for "cloud busting" and initiating rain. Energetically, rhodizite is very powerful for unlocking and clearing blockages, and activating all the chakras. Physically, rhodizite is helpful for cancer, tissue inflammation, cellular diseases, pH balance in the body, stabilizing brain function, and is an excellent energy booster for all types of healing. Luster is vitreous to adamantine or silky. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric. Crystal Habits include dodecahedral crystals and embedded grains. Cleavage is absent. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 - 3.4 (slightly above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Index of refraction is 1.69. Associated Minerals include the red tourmaline elbaite. Notable Occurrences include Antandrokomby, the Sahatany Valley of the Antisarabe area and Manjakandriana, Madagascar and Sarapulsk and Schaitansk, Mursinsk in the Urals Mountains of Russia. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations, locality, lack of cleavage and the unusually high degree of hardness. Colors: colorless to white or gray and also with pale tints of yellow Hardness: 8
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Rhodocrosite
This stone promotes love, peace and energy. It soothes the emotions and de-stresses. Rhodochrosite is thought of as a spiritual body gemstone, it offers a higher frequency of energy which enters and moves throughout our spiritual bodies. Gold for wisdom, orange for creativity, and pink for love. When you are drawn to Rhodochrosite it means that you are ready to learn more about your own spirituality and work to bring this energy into your heart. In a crystal healing layout, it is generally placed between your heart and solar plexus center, as it will act as a bridge to balance into these energy centers. Luster is vitreous to resinous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m. Crystal Habits include the rhombohedrons and scalahedrons with rounded or curved faces that can obscure the crystal shape. Some crystals can be flattened to a bladed habit and these are sometimes aggregated into rosettes or minute crystals into spherules. Also botryoidal, globular, stalactitic, layered, nodular, vein-filling and granular. Twinning is somewhat common forming penetration twins and contact twins similar to calcite's twins. Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5 (above average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Pink and white banding in massive forms, non-fluorescence and specimens effervesce easily with dilute acids. Associated Minerals include calcite, ankerite, alabandite, rhodonite, bementite, spessartine, fluorite, manganite, quartz and many metal sulfides. Notable Occurrences are numerous and include the famous Sweet Home Mine, Alma, Park County and American Tunnel, Silverton, Colorado; Butte, Montana; the mines of Franklin, New Jersey; Humboldt Mine, Cochise County, Arizona and many sites in California, USA. Also found in Catamarca, Argentine; Huaron Mine and several mines in Ancash Department, Peru; Kara oba, Kazakhatan; Sacrimb, Transylvania, Romania; Cornwall, England; Harz Mountains, Germany; Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia; Santa Eulalia and Magdalena, Mexico; N'Chwanging Mine, Hotazel, South Africa; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada and many other localities from around the world. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, reaction to acid, non-fluorescence and perfect cleavage. Colors: pink, pink with partial white stripes Hardness: 4 to 4.5
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Rhodolite (see Garnet)

Luster is vitreous. Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical rhombic dodecahedron. also seen is the 24 sided trapezohedron. Combinations of these forms are common and sometimes the rare faces of the hexoctahedron, a 48 sided crystal habit that rarely is seen by itself, can also combine with these other forms making very attractive, complex and multifaceted crystals. Massive and granular occurrences are also common. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.6 (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white. Associated Minerals are olivine, serpentine, biotite, hornblende, augite, pyroxenes and diamond. Other Characteristics: index of refraction is 1.73 Notable Occurrences include localities in Europe; Arizona and New Mexico, USA; South Africa and several Australian sites. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, hardness and environment Colors: red to reddish purple and sometimes a deep enough red to appear black Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Rhodonite
Assists with using your skills to help others. Helps with self-love and acceptance, self-healing. Luster is vitreous to dull to pearly on polished surfaces. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent and rarely transparent. Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1 Crystal Habits include crystals that have a blocky prismatic habit, however crystals are rare More typically massive, coarse and fine granular aggregates. Cleavage is perfect in two directions forming prisms with a rectangular cross-section. Fracture is conchoidal. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4 - 3.7+ (above average for translucent minerals) Streak is white.
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Associated Minerals are calcite, pyrite, microcline, spessartine, pyroxmangite and other manganese minerals. Other Characteristics: May tarnish to a brown or black color upon exposure. Notable Occurrences include Ural Mountains, Russia; Broken Hill, Australia; Langban, Sweden, Menas Gerais, Brazil and Massachusetts and Franklin, New Jersey, USA. Best Field Indicators are color, black inclusions, lack of reaction to acid and hardness. Colors: pink with dark inclusions Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5
Richterite
Richterite is a stone of calmness, relaxation and strength. It is said to help lessen the "fight or flight" syndrome associated with PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) and other anxiety states. It is said to help one balance action and reaction, and handle life in a calm, steady, and strong manner. When one is already in a relaxed state such as meditation, richterite can profoundly deepen the relaxation, allowing the body freedom to heal more fully, grow stronger, and for the mind to expand into higher states of awareness. As a throat chakra stone, richterite is involved with communication, but rather than external communication it is primarily involved with communication within the entity or person. Physically richterite is used in folklore and spiritual healing to aid in healing of circulation problems, glandular problems, particularly thyroid problems, respiratory problems, parasites, fevers of various kinds, and typhoid. Richterite is commonly associated with the throat (5th) chakra. Luster is vitreous to dull. Transparency: Crystals are generally translucent, but some specimens are translucent. Crystal System is Monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include long prismatic crystals. Crystals can have a diamond-shaped cross-section although rarely symmetrical. Also found granular, massive and occasionally in radial aggregates. Cleavage is imperfect in two directions at 56 and 124 degrees. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.3 (average for translucent minerals). Streak is brown. Other Characteristics: pleochroic in translucent specimens. Large crystals have an almost striated or grainy appearance. Associated Minerals are quartz, feldspars, aegirine, arfvedsonite, diopside, pectolite, phlogopite, chromite, Iron-nickel, roedderite, kosmochlor, krinovite, tainiolite, calcite, fluorite, svabite, sodalite and eudialyte. Notable Occurrences include the type locality of Langban Mine and Pajsberg, Varmland, Sweden as well as Mont Saint-Hilaire and Kipawa, Quebec, Canada; Myanmar; Madagascar
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and Leucite Hills, Wyoming and in the meteorite at Canyon Diablo, Arizona. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit (especially cross-section), color and cleavage Colors: brown, reddish brown, yellow and light to dark green Hardness: 5 to 6
Rock Crystal
Rock crystal is said to stimulate mental clarity, emotional stability and to facilitate and focus meditative states. is also said to stimulate positive thoughts and feelings, and to amplify psychic abilities. Rock crystal is said to help remove toxins from the body and to help treat disorders of the digestive system, kidneys and bladder. It also is said to be helpful in treating a number of other ailments including pituitary gland disorders and skin, circulatory system and respiratory system disorders. Rock crystal is also said to help considerably in providing relief from pain, and to help in recovering from radiation exposure, and to strengthen the immune system. Colors: clear to white and transparent Hardness: 7
Rockbridgeite
Luster is varied from vitreous to dull or earthy. Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent. Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include prismatic to tabular crystals, but often botryoidal, reniform, encrusting, massive and fibrous. Cleavage is poor. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.4 (slightly above average). Streak is green or brown. Associated Minerals include strengite, beraunite, dufrenite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England; Siegerland, Germany; Svappavaara, Norrbotten, Sweden; Black Hills, Custer County, South Dakota and South Mountain, Midvale, Rockbridge County (hence the name), Virginia, USA and Brazil.
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Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and streak. Colors: brown, dark green, yellow-brown or black Hardness: 4.5
Rock Salt
(see Halite)
Romanechite
Luster is submetallic to dull. Transparency crystals are opaque. Crystal System is monoclinic. Crystal Habits include massive, fibrous, botryoidal, columnar, stalactitic, concretionary, powdery and earthy. Cleavage is absent. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.7 - 5 (heavy for non-metallic minerals) Streak is brownish black. Associated Minerals are barite, hematite, quartz, pyrolusite and other manganese oxide minerals. Notable Occurances include Austinville, Wythe County., Virginia, Upper Pennisula of Michigan and Tuscon, Arizona, USA; Saxony, Germany; Saone et Loire, France; Cornwall, England; Ouro Preto, Minas Gerias, Brazil and elsewhere. Best Field Indicators are habits, luster, hardness, color and streak. Colors: iron-black to bluish black to steel gray Hardness: 6
Rosasite
Luster is silky to vitreous to dull for massive specimens. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent.
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Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m Crystal Habits include radiating tufts of fibrous crystals. It typically is found as crusts and botryoidal masses or nodules. Specific Gravity is approximately 4 (somewhat heavy for non-metallic minerals) Cleavage is perfect in one direction but not usually noticed because of fibrous crystal habit. Fracture is fibrous. Streak is pale shades of bluish green or green. Associated Minerals include limonite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, malachite, aurichalcite and calcite. Other Characteristics: Effervesces easily in cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Notable Occurrences include Arizona, New Mexico and Inyo Co., California, USA; Rosas Mine, Sardinia, Italy; Tsumeb, Namibia and Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. Best Field Indicators are crystal habits, color, associations, hardness and reaction to acid. Colors: bluish-green to green Hardness: 4
Roselite
Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m. Crystal Habits include small prismatic to tabular, often complex, crystals and spherical aggregates and massive crusts. Twinning is the norm and just adds to the complexity of the crystals. Cleavage is perfect in one direction. Fracture is uneven. Specific Gravity is approximately 3.5 - 3.7 (above average for translucent minerals). Streak is light red. Associated Minerals are erythrite, beta-roselite and limonite. Notable Occurrences include Rappold Mine, Schneeberg, Saxony and Shapbach, Germany and Bou Azzer, Morocco. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, streak, cleavage, density and associations with cobalt ores. Colors: rose-red to dark pink (lighter shades with decreasing cobalt content) Hardness: 3.5
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Rose Quartz
(see Quartz, Rose) Colors: various shades of pink to a rosy-red Hardness: 7
Rubellite
Rubellite is pink to red tourmaline. It is a stone of balance and calm. Emotionally, rubellite helps bring emotional balance and helps open up, relax, and detach from personal pain. It can be used with lepidolite as a super-powerful energy for calming people in distress. As prosperity is a natural effect of a life in balance, rubellite also brings abundance. Rubellite is also a stone of passion, bringing passionate energy and love. Physically, rubellite balances the body's electrochemical system, strengthens immune system, heals backaches, and reproductive system disorders, detoxifies the blood, assists with recovery, and eases the effects of radiation poisoning. Rubellite is associated with the sacral and root chakras, as well as the heart chakra.
Ruby (Corundum)
The ruby promotes wealth, protection, power, joy, and is an anti-nightmare stone. It is ruled by Mars and worn to increases energies. Jewelry set with rubies is said to banish sadness and produce joy. Ruby brings integrity, devotion and happiness. It also enhances generosity and brings prosperity. Ruby brings and increases romantic love. Ruby is a stone that has been known to be very protective of home, worldly possession,
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children, and psychic protection. It is a stone of high energy and power that promotes healing on all levels. Birthstone for July Colors: red, rarely translucent Hardness: 9
Ruby in Zoisite
Ruby in Zoisite is an energy amplification stone that can energize the entire field of one's body. It is used for psychic ability and empowerment, as well as altered states of consciousness. Ruby in Zoisite stimulates the crown chakra. Physically, it is beneficial for heart disorders, and physical vitality.
Rutilated Quartz
(see Quartz, Rutilated)
Rutile
Luster is adamantine to submetallic. Transparency: Crystals are transparent in rather thin crystals otherwise opaque. Crystal System is tetragonal; 4/m 2/m 2/m Crystal Habits include eight sided prisms and blocky crystals terminated by a blunt four sided or complex pyramid. The prisms are composed of two four sided prisms with one of the prisms being dominant. Crystals with some twins forming hexagonal or octahedral circles. A very common habit is thin acicular needles (especially as inclusions in other minerals)or as blades. Cleavage is good in two directions forming prisms, poor in a third (basal). Fracture is conchoidal to uneven. Specific Gravity is 4.2+ (slightly heavy) Streak is brown Other Characteristics: Striations lengthwise on crystals, high refractive index (2.63) gives it a sparkle greater than diamond (2.42).
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Associated Minerals are quartz, tourmaline, barite, hematite and other oxides and silicates. Notable Occurrences include Minas Gerias, Brazil; Swiss Alps; Arkansas, USA and some African locallities. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, streak, hardness, color and high index of refraction (luster). Colors: black or reddish brown in large thick crystals, or golden yellow or rusty yellow as inclusions Hardness: 6 to 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Salt (Halite)
Salt is used for purifications. It is related to the earth elements.
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Salt is used to purify gemstones, but please be careful in its use. Some porous or soft stones and crystals can be damaged by contact with salt. (see Halite)
Sapphire
The sapphire promotes psychism, love, meditation, peace, healing, power, and money. Wear this stone to stimulate the third eye for expanding psychic awareness and during meditation. Sapphire enhances creativity. It dissipates unpleasant thoughts and brings peace to its wearer. The blue color is often associated with the heavens. Sapphire repels envy. Because of its blue color, sapphire is associated with the throat chakra. Sapphire improves mental clarity and clear thinking. It clears mental garbage. Natural healers use Sapphire to help rid of unwanted thoughts, bring joy, peace and wealth. Sapphire is believed to offer powerful protection to its wearer from outside negative energy. It gives the wearer the ability to discern the truth and foresee the future. The most powerful sapphire in this connection is the Star Sapphire. (Star sapphires are also known as Stones of Destiny.) Sapphire's powers also include spiritual enlightenment and inner peace. It is also considered an antidepressant and an aid to psychokinesis, telepathy, clairvoyance, and astral projection. Colors: usually blue, also green, yellow and purple-black Hardness: 9
Sardonyx
A form of Onyx with white and red bands. Fosters luck, friendship,happiness, good fortune, romance and marriage. Protective of the young and of those who try new things. Associated with stamina, vigor, energy, creativity. Teaches us to love nature's wild places and inhabitants. Colors: black and white, banded with reddish brown Hardness: 6.5 to 7
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Serpentine
Serpentine emits a profound healing vibration and facilitates the energetic activation of cellular regeneration. It is said to assist in opening the heart chakra. It is also believed to help activate the kundalini, or 'serpent fire' energies. Serpentine, is a beneficial and versatile stone. It helps with emotional cleansing, psychic powers, and attracts love and money. Serpentine is an excellent stone for meditation. Colors: yellowish, greenish, brown, oily sheen Hardness: 3 to 4
Scapolite
Scapolite is known as a stone of problem solving and achievement. It is said to help find elegant solutions to problems, make changes in one's life, and bring inspiration and strength of purpose. Use scapolite mystically for bringing energies of breaking old patterns of sabotaging self and bringing acceptance of success. In this way, scapolite is a stone of success too. Spiritually, scapolite is said to bring peace of mind and calm debilitating emotions. Intuitives use scapolite on computers, TV's and other electronic equipment to absorb and negate EMF emissions. Scapolite is helpful for eyesight; mental clarity; glaucoma; cataracts; tension and pain in shoulders, neck, upper chest, and head; bone disorders; calcium assimilation; recovery from surgery; arthritis pain; and emotional chaos. Spiritual healers also use scapolite to draw out pain.
Schorl (Black Tourmaline

Black tourmaline, also known as schorl, is associated with the root or base chakra, and is excellent for grounding excess energy. It is a well known as a purifying stone that deflects and transforms negative energy, and thus is very protective. It can transform and remove negativity from an individual or an environment. It is often used as an aura cleanser, and can help one attain higher levels of awareness. Black tourmaline is also used for repelling and protecting one from black magick, and is often
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said to return the negative spell to the sender. Black tourmaline has also been used to deflect radiation energy from tv's and computer monitors. Emotionally, black tourmaline is excellent for dispelling fears, obsessions, and neuroses, bringing emotional stability. Physically, black tourmaline can strengthen the immune system, help with heart disease, arthritis, and gout.
Scheelite
A Waxy Mineral.
Scolecite
Scolecite is a great "team" stone. Use it to pull the team together. Also, use it to pull a group of stones together into a united effort toward some issue or goal. It functions as a harmonizing force between the different energies.
Scorodite
Selenite
Selenite is a very calming and soothing energy. It's said to be the "stone of mental clarity", enhancing mental flexibility and strengthening the
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ability to make good decisions. It can remove energy blocks from the physical and etheric bodies. It helps to connect the physical and etheric or light bodies. Selenite wands can be used to clear other stones that are placed on or near it.
Selenium
Shattuckite
Shattuckite is often called a stone of reconciliation. It is reputed to have properties of assisting with reconciliation and renewal. Shattuckite is also used to channel information, particularly from extraterrestrials; and it is used for automatic writing. It is said to calm the mind and create harmony. Shattuckite is helpful for healing diabetes, calcium absorption problems, parathyroid, mites and other infestations, and tonsillitis. Shattuckite is primarily associated with the throat chakra.
Shiva Lingham
Shiva Linghams are found only in one place... India. They are believed to be representations of the Hindu God Shiva. They are used in worship and in balancing the aspects of the male/female within ones self. This formation is a "Stone of the Kundalini". It serves to activate the movement of the sacred energy which is slumbering within the self so that one may comprehend the profound mysteries of enlightenment which lead one to spiritual consciousness and to the actualization of perfection.
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Silver
Silver is a mineral that is said to mirror the soul, strengthen the connection between astral and physical bodies, and enhance intuitive and psychic energies. Silver is mystically considered to improve speech, bring eloquence. It is also purported to attract, enhance, and store the energies of gemstones, as well as draw out negative energies. Silver is related to the moon, and moon energies. Colors: shiny silver Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Smithsonite
Smithsonite is a stone of charm, kindness and positive happenings. It is auspicious for new beginnings. It can activate each chakra (energy center) of the body and can be used as a "replacement stone" in crystal healing. It reputedly helps with immune system problems, alcoholism, sinus problems and digestive ailments. It also helps attract new friends.
Smokey Quartz
(see Quartz, Smokey)
Soapstone (Steatite)
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Colors: white, gray, pink, red, yellow and greenish Hardness: 1
Sodalite
Sodalite is a stone of logic, rationality, and efficiency. It is helpful for work in groups and stimulates thought. Sodalite is a stone that is good for healing breaches in communication. It is a stone of truth, and brings this to all communications. It can help end arguments or other disagreements. It is particularly useful for honesty of emotions. It increases intelligence, knowledge and learning, and can unite the logical with the spiritual. Physically it is beneficial for the glands, digestive system, relieving insomnia, and decreasing calcium deficiency. It can also be useful for quicker healing of head colds. Sodalite is associated with the throat and brow chakras. Colors: dark blue Hardness: 5 to 6
Spessartine (Garnet)
Helps with bad dreams, depression, anger, and self esteem issues.
Sphaerocobaltite
A most loving stone, deeply relaxing and balancing.
Sphalerite
Yellow, green, clear.
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Is said to enhance relaxation, rest, ease, gentleness and caring. Colors: various shades: blackish-brown, brown, yellow, orange Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Sphene
Sphene is a "mental" stone. It works to improve the mind and the processing of information. Use for studying, theorizing, and debating.
Spirit Quartz
Spirit Quartz was known as porcupine quartz or cactus quartz until it settled into its "real" name. Spirit quartz brings qualities of energy, peace, and positive energy to all realms. It transforms negative energy into positive energy, thereby being a very protective stone, and excellent for auric shielding as well as mental and physical types of protection. Spirit quartz is also excellent and often used for astral projection, dreamwork, shamanic journeying, and rebirthing. Emotionally it is said to remove fear, bringing emotional peace and happiness. Spirit quartz works very well with other minerals and can boost their energy as well as cleanse and activate them. Physically spirit quartz is used in traditional folklore and crystal healing lore for skin disorders, allergic reactions, colon disorders, detoxification, obsessive disorders, familial abuse related stress disorders. Spirit quartz is associated primarily with the crown chakra, but will work to align and balance all chakras together.
Spinel
Colors: pink, red, violet, orange, blue, dark green, black, translucent Hardness: 8
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Staurolite
These stones are twinned crystals which form into equal-armed crosses or x-shapes. Staurolite crystals protect and guard against negativity. They are also worn to draw wealth and energize the sexual drive. A good luck stone! Use for courage and protection. Gives the feeling of security. Assists in the discovery of one's "higher self." Colors: gray, brown, reddish-brown, dark brown, yellow-brown, brownish-black, brownishyellow Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Stichtite
Stichtite is a stone that brings emotional awareness and expansion. It is a very calming stone that brings tranquility and peace to individuals and to one's environment. It help one to be gentle with self and others, and promotes keeping promises, openly sharing opinions, and considering all thoughts with love. It engenders loving companionship of all kinds. For family life, stichtite can help children behave positively. Physically, stichtite helps heal teeth, gums, skin elasticity, skin regeneration, mucous membrane problems. Stichtite is associated with the heart chakra, which it helps the passage of kundalini through.
Stillbite
Stilbite is a powerful mineral. It helps with psychic knowing and intuition. It is also used for psychic direction and guidance from guides, guardian angels, and totem
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animals. Stilbite is also a powerful stone of creativity that enhances creative energy. It heightens many physical senses, particularly taste. Stilbite can also help with acceptance and letting go. It is also used for manifestation. Physically, stilbite is used to remove toxins, and for laryngitis. Stilbite is associated with the heart, crown, and throat chakras.
Sugilite (Luvulite)
Sugilite has been called "a love stone for this age." Its vibration is of true spiritual love and encourages the manifestation of this vital energy in our surroundings and very being. It assists the user in resonating with the energy of the New Age and attuning to the perfect state of higher planes. Use of Sugilite enables the flow of this energy to enter the crown chakra and flow through all the chakras helping with connection to source. It assists with the gift of forgiveness both to yourself and others and empowers the user to discover the unique gifts they have brought into this world. Sugilite makes it easier to become accepting of others and to be present to the here and now. Wonderful for situations where there is a possibility that anger, disappointment or conflict could prevail. It removes negativity, supports a feeling of well being and empowers co-creation. Sugilite seems to protect against, absorb and dissipate anger, hurt and other unwanted negative energies. It is a nurturing and balancing stone at all levels. Truly a stone of the New Age. Sugilite is extremely effective in those wishing to explore the relationship between physical health and the mental body. It attracts healing power and enables insight into the base causes that manifest as physical problems, whilst enabling the user to channel large amounts of energy and balancing the emotions. Sugilite that is included with veins of Manganese is particularly effective. Try it next time you feel tense or at odds with your surroundings and the situations created therein. It is also incredibly effective at removing headaches. Placed on the forehead it seems to draw out the pain in moments. It is also known as "Royal Lavulite" and "Royal Azel." Colors: lilac, opaque Hardness: 6.5 to 7
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Sulphur
Sunstone
Sunstone is a powerful stone for dispelling fears and phobias. It is also a leadership stone, and brings leadership qualities to its wearer. In addition to dispelling fears and phobias, sunstone also decreases stress and lifts depression. Sunstone also brings good luck and abundance, and turns negative energies and psychic attacks into positive energies. This stone increases personal power and will, as well as life force energy. Sunstone is also helpful in contacting animal or spirit guides. Colors: reddish-brown, iridescent, translucent Hardness: 6 to 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
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Talc
Tantalite
A dark brown or black metallic ore. Tantalite promotes love, intensity, desire, passion and excitement. t builds energy, enthusiasm and a love of life.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a gemstone that awakens the mind and heart. Excellent for enhancing psychic abilities. Tanzanite is sometimes called the "workaholic's stone". This is because it helps you slow down and take it easy. This in turn, brings success in more areas of life. It relieves stress and enhances composure, poise, and harmony. Physically it is beneficial for stress related illnesses and high blood pressure in particular.
Tektites
Tektites are a type of mineral rich in silica similar to natural glass (obsidian) and are of extraterrestrial origin. Enhances/Strengthens: ability to withstand mental or emotional stumbling, wisdom, knowledge, extraterrestrial communication.
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Diminishes/Lessens: challenges with mental processes Tektites are protective in nature and aid one in grounding into Earth reality. They are said to activate the third eye, assists one in visionary work, as well as assisting in both lucid dreaming and dream recall
Thomsonite
Thorite
Thulite
Thulite, sometimes called unionite or pink zoisite is a stone of nurturing in a deep and full way. It aids understanding and healing the pains and illnesses caused by a lack of nurturing, even abuse. Crystal healers and psychic healers will find thulite helpful when working with survivors of incest, physical abuse, emotional abuse, abandonment, and neglect. Survivors themselves often find thulite comforting and helpful in combating self-sabotage, low self-esteem, and other life-long symptoms of abuse and neglect. Others will find that thulite can help them too, by helping them nurture themselves and those they love. Thulite is helpful for bringing healing of eating disorders including anorexia and bulemia, loneliness. Thulite helps bring nurturing love and understanding of love to one's life, and can help bring harmony in relationships or communities. In addition, thulite is a stone for the central nervous system that enhances coordination, concentration, and dexterity by bringing the mind and body into alignment together to work together at their highest capacity. Artists, craftspeople and others who work with their hands can find thulite extremely helpful. Athletes can also find thulite very helpful because of its boost of these qualities, which can improve their athletic performance.
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Thulite is usually related to the root chakra, particularly the darker shades, although it is also related to the heart chakra by many.
Tigers Eye
This stone promotes protection, courage, and general energy. This is a warm stone and promotes energy flow through the body. It is a stone of protection that is also very grounding. It has strong gay male energy. Coupled with Fluorite, a powerful Thunder Healing Reiki combination is created. It enhances integrity, willpower, practicality and correct use of power. It is a stone that enhances good luck, and brings prosperity, often in the form of money. Tiger's eye is also a very protective stone which is especially protective during travel. It can also help one see clearly without illusion. Tiger's eye brings a boost to the solar plexus chakra and to one's personal power. Colors: shimmering golden brown, with stripes Hardness: 6.5 to 7
Tiger Iron
Tiger Iron combines the properties of Hematite, Golden Tiger Eye and Red Jasper. Also used during creative and artistic endeavors. Tiger iron helps with creative endeavors and all types of artistic abilities. It is a stone of balance and particularly helps maintain the balance of white and red blood cells. It can increase the production of natural steroids in the body and is beneficial for the muscular structure.
Tin
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Titanium
Titanite
Topaz
Wearing topaz draws love. People born in the month of November will be drawn to this stone. Topaz is a powerful stone in the way that quartz is. It is a balancing and calming stone that balances emotions, releases tension, balances emotions, and can bring joy. Topaz also brings success and good fortune, as well as synchronicity. It can bring creativity, individuality, true love, and hope. Spiritually, it brings in spiritual love and peace. Colors: dark yellow to golden yellow; white, silver, blue and pink Hardness: 8
Tourmaline
The stone is transparent when viewed from the side of the crystal, yet opaque when viewed from either end. When heated or rubbed to create friction, it polarizes. It comes in many colours to which each has its own specific uses. Tourmaline increases flexibility, happiness, objectivity, compassion and serenity. It also enhances tolerance and understanding. It is a stone that is very helpful for channeling.
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Tourmaline is also a very protecting stone. Tourmaline is often associated with the heart chakra, particularly watermelon tourmaline, where it opens one to accept love. Colors: colorless (elbaite), pink, red (rubellite), violet, brownish, dark brown, yellow (dravite), blue (indocolite), deep black (schorl), green (verdelite); also green, innen pink to red (watermelon); translucent Hardness: 7 to 7.5
Tourmaline, Pink
Draws love and friendship and promotes sympathy.
Tourmaline, Red
Can be worn to lend energy to the body and promote courage.
Tourmaline, Green
Draws money and success in business. It will also stimulate creativity.
Tourmaline, Blue
Great for de-stressing and promotes peace and restful sleep.
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Tourmaline, Black
Black tourmaline, also known as schorl, is associated with the root or base chakra, and is excellent for grounding excess energy. It is a purifying stone that deflects and transforms negative energy, and thus is very protective. It can transform and remove negativity from an individual or an environment. It is often used as an aura cleanser, and can help one attain higher levels of awareness. Black tourmaline has also been used to deflect radiation energy from tv's and computer monitors. Emotionally, black tourmaline is excellent for dispelling fears, obsessions, and neuroses, bringing emotional stability.
Tourmaline, Watermelon
Consists of an interior or red or pink encased in green tourmaline. It gives the appearance of a sliced watermelon. It is worn to balance the projective and receptive energies within the body. Exceptional use to stimulate or balance heart chakra.
Tree Agate
(Dentritic Agate) Agate is one of the oldest stones known on earth to this day. (see Moss Agate)
Turquoise
This stone promotes courage, money, love, friendship, healing and luck. It can help promote honest and clear communication from the heart. It is also said to protect against pollution in the environment, and to bring abundance. Turquoise can also help speed the healing process, and is known as a master healer stone. It is very powerful for grounding and protection also. Colors: light blue to turquoise blue
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Hardness: 5 to 6 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Visit the Old Dana Farmstead Website! A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Ulexite
Unakite
Unakite promotes strength of character and self-growth. Unakite is a stone with gentle but powerful energy. It can assist one in finding one's animal guide.
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It is also a stone that is helpful for gardening. Unakite is also a good protection stone. Unakite brings unconditional love of humanity, connection and reunion. Unakite is considered to be very helpful for pregnancy and childbirth. It can help with healing of abandonment and separation issues. Unakite is said to benefit the heart, circulatory system, female reproductive system, male reproductive system (to a lesser extent), and ease pregnancy.
Uranocircite
Uvarovite
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Vanadinite
A Vanadium mineral that frequently is found with quartz crystals. Vanadanite fosters spiritual insight, inspiring us ever to quest towards the creator. It encourages prayer, meditation, revelation and direct communication with the higher forces.
Variscite
Variscite is a soothing stone. It is sometimes called a "true worry stone" because it eases fear, tension, anxiety, worry, and impatience. It also relieves stress and depression, and can give courage and inner strength. Variscite can help calm the mind and help it be still, which makes it an excellent stone for meditation. Variscite can be a benefit for intuition and psychic perceptions, and is excellent for past-life recall. Physically, variscite is used for helping strengthen cells and tissues, blood problems, nervous system, kidneys, muscles and bones. It is also used for male reproductive healing, including impotence.
Verdite
Verdite is a stone that stimulates the energy centers/chakras. It can assist the movement of Kundalini. Often, verdite is used to access and assimilate ancient knowledge. Emotionally, verdite brings consistency, stability, and fortitude. Physically verdite is used for cleansing the blood, removing toxins, and genital disorders
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Vesuvianite
(Idocrase) Colors: Yellow, red, blue, brown, green, pink and white. Promotes patriotism and loyalty to mankind. Wonderful stone for newlyweds, business associates and friends. Helps invent and discover aspects of the inner realms. Helps clear negative thought patterns. Colors: green, yellow, brown Hardness: 6.5
Victorite
Peacefulness, awareness of higher energies, emotional release, clarity of speech.
Vivianite
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White Fairy Quartz

Fairy Quartz is a fledgling Spirit Quartz, showing the milky white lazer wand point and a light coating of smaller crystals growing on it. Fairy Quartz has a very soothing energy, which brings peace and calm to those in its energy field, including the groups, families, and individuals. This soothing energy is extremely beneficial for emotional pain or illness. It also brings heightened energy even as it calms. Fairy Quartz is great for meditation. Physically, Fairy Quartz is used for detoxifying the body and tissues, removing pain, and overall
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healing.
Witherite
Clear, yellow, white. Helps us to be modest without being too humble.
Wolfeite
Wolframite
Wonderstone
Wonderstone is a type of rhyolite that grows with gorgeous patterns of creams, yellows, pinks and reds. As with all rhyolite, it is an excellent meditation stone, and enhances creativity. It brings energies of tranquility and helps eliminate worries. It also helps reduce or eliminate depression and anxiety, giving an overall sense of wellbeing. Wonderstone can also bring mental clarity and give insight into the right course of action. Physically, wonderstone has been used to help with back pain, and abdominal pain. Wonderstone is associated with the sacral chakra, particularly in connection to the heart chakra.
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Wulfenite
Orange, red, honey-colored yellow. Teaches us to be stewards and caretakers of all the wild and beautiful pieces of nature. Encourages us to get outdoors and enjoy nature. Fosters creativity and devotion. Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Xenotime
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Xonotliye
Yttrian Fluorite
Yttrian Fluorite is an unusual, rare form of purple fluorite. It is a stone of manifestation that helps ground the ideas of philosophers, thinkers, and dreamers by manifesting their plans.
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It has the effect of making ideas come to life, and is a stone of self-fulfillment and self-actualization. It helps with increase of wealth and mental prowess.
Yuksporite
Zebra Stone
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Zebra stone is a stone that can help us connect to mother earth and to the infinite energy and love in the universe. Zebra stone, by these connections, can show us our own true natures and help us see past illusion. Zebra stone is particularly effective at protecting one's aura. Physically, zebra stone stimulates energy, and is beneficial for stamina, endurance, bone disorders, osteoporosis, teeth, gums, muscle spasms, and heart palpitations.
Zinc
Zincite
Zircon, Clear or White

This stone clears the thinking process. Colors: colorless, yellow, orange, brown to violet, blue and green Hardness: 6.5 to 7.5
Zoisite (Green)
Zoisite (green) is considered in mystical lore to be a stone that brings and enhances trust in the universe and trust in the ultimate goodness of life. This brings trust in general as well as releases fears, which can bring a depth of happiness to one's life. Zoisite is also said to bring energy and dispel laziness. Crystal healing lore purports that zoisite is good for vitality, adrenal glands, reproductive organs, and strengthening the heart.
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Zoisite is associated primarily with the heart chakra, but is sometimes associated with the root and sacral chakras. Colors: green, pink, blue Hardness: 6.5 Quick Jump Links: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Return to Thunder Healing's Stones and Crystals Main Page
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Visit the Old Dana Farmstead Website! A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M -N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z