(Soilless Culture)

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Presenter

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2549
( )

2552

( )

Presenter

2549 2552
(); GISTDA
2552


; GPS, RS GIS

(DSI),

Soilless Culture
or

Hydroponics

The Green Revolution

-

The Green Revolution ...

-
-
-

Vegetable production in soil is still the predominant

growing in Thailand.

Thai farmers have to face many serious problems:

drought, flood, pests, plant diseases, weed, low quality
products and misuse of insecticides soil-borne diseases
and high temperature

High demand for safe vegetable especially to serve

growing local consumption and over over 13 millions a year
of tourists.

Hydroponic farmers can grow temperate lettuce all

year round with 16 crops per year of consistently superior,
high yield, rapid harvest of leafy vegetable.

 ( Food Safety )
GAP HACCP

Food Safety

Food Safety

Food Safety

Clean Food Good Taste

 ( Food Security)

( Food Security)
Food Defense; USA

Food Security; EU

APEC Food Defense

Pilot Project; APEC

What is soilless culture ???

Soilless culture is the science of growing
plants without soil.

Hydroponic technology has been developed rapidly

two decades ago. Since HRH Princess Mahachakri is the first
who introduced the idea of possible soilless culture for crop
production.

The project concentrated on alternative means of

vegetable production for small farmers in problem soils areas
(e.g. sandy, saline or acid-sulphate soils), which covered
about 30% of arable land.

In 2008, over 99 hydroponics growers were registered

for commercial vegetable production and several small
hydroponics for home consumption located in Bangkok
and tourist provinces such as Phuket, Chiang Mai, Prachuap
Khiri Khan and Surat Thani.

soilless culture
Substrate culture
Organic
Example: Rice husk, Coconut
husk, Coconut coir, Sawdust
Rice husk charcoal

Inorganic
Example: Sand,
Gravel,Vermiculite, Perlite

(1:1:1)

soilless culture
Hydroponics
Hydroponics ( from the Greek words hydro water and
ponos labor ) is a method of growing plants using mineral
nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.
- Nutrient Film Technique; NFT The basic principle of the
techniques is that the nutrient solution should be maintained as a thin
film to provide adequate oxygen for the solution.

soilless culture
Hydroponics
- Deep Flow Technique; DFT

The depth of nutrient solution (4-6cm) is circulated

around the roots by using a pump.

soilless culture
Hydroponics
- Dynamic Root Floating Technique; DRFT

The system is similar to DFT but DRFT is

designed specifically for hot and tropical regions.

soilless culture
Aeroponics
Aeroponics is a form of hydroponic plant cultivation
in which plant roots are suspended in a closed chamber
and misted with a complete nutrient solution.

Soilless culture
Soilless culture systems Growing in some countries
NFT

DFT

DRFT

Aeroponic

Substrate
culture

Capillary
systems

Thailand

Singapore

China

Korea

Japan

New Zealand

Australia

Countries

Soilless culture

The Soil cultivation VS Soilless culture / Hydroponic

Soil growing method

problems
-

soil borne disease

high temperature
pest
weed
highly mechanized
excessive labor
large amount of water supply
seasonal cultivation
bad working condition
environmental limitations (drought, floods)
unstable production

The Soil cultivation VS Soilless culture / Hydroponic

Advantages of Hydroponics
- Year round production
- Use less labour,women,children,old citizen and
handicaps can do.
- Stable production
- The efficiency use of water and fertilizer and it is
environmental friendly
- Minimal use of space , use less land.
- Clean,light work, comfortable working condition.
- Better plant growth, better quality and yield.
- Less insect, pest and weed
- Can control aerial and root environments.
- No problem caused by continuous cropping.

The advantage and impact of soilless culture or hydroponic growing

Economic
- Save time
This system can drastically reduce the amount of time
needed to produce good plants, crops and fruit.
Grower can harvest temperate lettuce 16 18 crops
per year in NFT technique.
Harvest Thai vegetable 10.5 14.5 crops per year in
DRFT technique.

The advantage and impact of soilless culture or hydroponic growing

Economic
- Save cost
For the commercial grower hydroponic systems are
ideal, they are highly efficient, requiring a low capital cost
while producing high yields with less labour input.

The advantage and impact of soilless culture or hydroponic growing

Economic
- Better quality and quantity
vegetables and fruit produced hydroponically have
a superb flavor and texture. Because the plants will not
be lacking in any nutrients you will find that they develop
faster, and are healthier than plants grown in the soil.

The advantage and impact of soilless culture or hydroponic growing

Social
Hydroponic system use less labour, women,
children, senior citizen and handicaps can
work with these growing system.

The advantage and impact of soilless culture or hydroponic growing

Environment
The cost of nutrient is low due to the efficiency use
of water and fertilizer and it is environmental friendly.

Soilless culture
Marketing survey
Growers need to do marketing survey before starting
their hydroponic farm.

Product

Price

Marketing
Place

Promotion

Soilless culture
Marketing survey

Product

Frillic Iceberg

Cos

Green Oak

Red Coral

Butterhead

Rocket

Soilless culture
Marketing survey

Product

Soilless culture
Marketing survey

Price

- The price is quite high and stable.

- The quality and stable supply are more important.

Soilless culture
Marketing survey

Place

- supermarket and high class restaurants.

- Contract between farmers and wholesalers.
- Local market with some popular local crops.
- Identify the market and make contact before starting
the cultivation.

Soilless culture
Marketing survey

Promotion

- Need some promotion especially in cold season.

- Mixed salad package or a sacket of salad dressing

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
Substrate

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
Cooling system

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
Automatic controlled water sprayed

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
Automatic nutrient solution controller

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
pH meter

Soilless culture
Development of equipment using local materials
Hydroponic equipments using local materials
Seed

Soilless culture

1.

4060

5080

Soilless culture

2.

Aeroponic
DRFT
DFT
NFT

Soilless culture

3.

EVAP

Soilless culture

4.

Soilless culture

5.
5.1

- EC = 0
- EC = 0.1-0.3
-
EC = 0.1-0.3

Soilless culture

5.
5.2

= 8 ppm

Soilless culture

5.
5.3

8 /

Soilless culture

5.
5.4
-
25
-

Soilless culture

5.
5.5

Soilless culture

5.
5.6
EC
- = 1.2 1.8
- = 2.5 3.0
- = 2.5 3.0
- = 2.5 3.0
- (pH)
5.5 6.5

Soilless culture

5.
5.6 ()

- (pH)

5.5 6.5

Soilless culture

5.
5.7

Soilless culture

5.
5.8

-
-

.. ..
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