Conditional Sentences

BENTUK UMUM : MAIN CLAUSE + IF CLAUSE DI MANA : Main clause selalu mempunyai modal auxiliary If clause selalu berupa : simple present, simple past, atau past perfect 1. conditional sentences type 1 : true in the present or future S + MODAL V1 + V1 . . IF + S + V1 ATAU TO BE V1 FACT : Mengubah kata if dengan on condition that, provided, atau unless contoh : conditional : I may study in university if i graduate from senior high school fact : i may study in university on condition that i graduate from senior high school 2. conditional sentences type 2 : untrue in the present S + MODAL V2 + V2 . . IF + S + V2 ATAU TO BE V2 FACT : 1. Ubah kata if menjadi because 2. Ubah tense menjadi simple present dan hilangkan modal 3. Ubah kalimat negatif menjadi positif dan sebaliknya contoh : conditional : I might study in university if i graduated from senior high school fact : I don't study in university because i don't graduate from senior high school

Conditional Sentences

3. conditional sentences type 3 : untrue in the past S + MODAL V2 + HAVE + V3 . . IF + S + HAD + V3 ATAU HAD BEEN

FACT : 1. Ubah kata if menjadi because 2. Ubah tense menjadi simple present dan hilangkan modal 3. Ubah kalimat negatif menjadi positif dan sebaliknya contoh : conditional : I might have studied in university if i had graduated from senior high school fact : I didn't study in university because i didn't graduate from senior high school

IF Clause Type 3

Form
if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma. Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address. Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences. Example: If I hadnt studied, I wouldnt have passed my exams.

Use
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled. Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation. Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari. I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to

1.the man still alive 2.they didn't know that the flood was coming, therefore they stayed in their house 3.if he had got some apples, he could have baked an apple pie 4.had been 5.would have had 6.wouldn't have done 7.had asked 8.would have known 9.knew 10.will have gone 11.the donated funds were insuffcient 12.i missed the interview 13.ahmad came home all wet 14.they wouldn't have come 15.had gotten 16.wouldn't have got 17.could have been 18.had not been involved 19.would have had 20.had given me money

IF Clause Type 1

Form
if + Simple Present, will-Future Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation. The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma. Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address. Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences. Example: If I dont see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

Use
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, Ill send her an invitation. I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it. Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.
Conditional Sentences (Type 1)

Perhatikanlah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini!

If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car. Youll pass the exams if you study hard.

Kedua contoh kalimat di atas dalam tata bahasa disebut conditional sentences (kalimat pengandaian). Conditional sentences terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu subordinate clause (if-clause) yang merupakan pernyataan syarat dan main clause yang merupakan akibat terpenuhi atau tidaknya syarat yang terkandung dalam subordinate clause.

Conditional sentences ada tiga jenis. Berikut ini akan kita bahas satu-persatu:

Conditional sentence type 1 if clause : simple present tense main clause : simple future tense Pada tipe 1 ini suatu tindakan dalam main clause akan terjadi bila syarat dalam if-clause terpenuhi. Contoh: If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car. You will master English if you study hard.

Conditional sentence Type 1

December 15, 2008 at 11:39 pm Filed under English Course Tagged conditional sentence, English Course, English grammar, English structure, learning English Conditional sentence type 1 is used to express something which possibly happens in the future if the condition is fulfilled. The simple present is used in the If clause, and the present future is used in the main clause. The pattern is as follows: If + S + V (Simple Present tense) +. , S + Will + V1 . Examples: If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car. (kalau saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli mobil baru) or I will buy a new car if I have a lot of money. (Saya akan membeli mobil baru kalau saya punya banyak uang) The sentence above talks about the situation which has not happened yet. It talks about something which can happen (I will buy a car) if the condition (I have much money) is fulfilled.
Do you understand what these sentences imply? Do you know what they mean?
o o

"If you had left earlier, you would have caught the train." or "You will make yourself ill if you eat all those chocolates."

They are called conditional sentences. A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses. There are 4 (four) types of conditional sentences, including mixed conditional. 1. Conditional Sentence Type 1 The if-clause is in the present tense, the main clause uses will and the infinitive, or simple present. Conditional Sentence Type 1 TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Simple present you succeed. Simple future you will succeed. MEANING True in the present or possible in future Its possible to happen in the future

Type 1

Simple present If you work hard,

When do we use conditional sentence type 1?

a. We use conditional sentence type 1 to talk about possible situations in the present or future. o If you leave earlier, you will not be late. o If you open the windows, the room will get some fresh air. b. We often use conditional type 1 to talk about facts or processes: o If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will boil. o If we stare into the sun, we will hurt our eyes.

Note:
Other modal verbs can also be used in place of will and would. If it rains like this all day, the river might flood. (might = will possibly) If it rains like this all day, the river could flood. (could = will be able to) Conditional Sentence Type 2 The if-clause is in the simple past or the past continuous tense, the main clause uses would and the infinitive, or would be and the present participle (Verb-ing). Conditional Sentence Type 2 TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE would + simple form you would succeed. would be + present participle I would be going out for a walk. MEANING
o o

Type 2

Simple past If you worked hard, Past continuous If it were not raining now,

Untrue in the present Fact: You dont work hard, so you dont succeed Fact:Its raining now, so Im not going out for a walk.

When do we use conditional sentence type 2?

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or future, but we can imagine the probable result.
o o

If we didnt live in a big city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we live in a big city) If he were here, I would tell him about my plan. (In fact, he isnt here)

Note:
Were is used for both singular and plural subjects. The use of type 2 conditional in If I were you, I would is a common form of advice. Conditional Sentence Type 3

The if-clause is in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous tense, the main clause uses would have and past participle (Verb 3), or would have been and present participle (Verbing). Conditional Sentence Type 3 TYPE IF CLAUSE Past perfect If you had worked hard, Past perfect continuous If it had not been raining yesterday afternoon, MAIN CLAUSE would have + past participle you would have succeeded. would have been + present participle I would have been going out for a walk. MEANING

Type 3

Untrue in the past Fact: You didnt work hard, so you didnt succeed. Fact: It was raining yesterday afternoon. I was not going out for a walk.

When do we use conditional sentence type 3?

Conditional sentence type 3 is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result. If you had come to the party last night, you would have met my cousin. (In truth, you didnt come to the party last night) o If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would not have punished him. (In truth, he was late) Mixed Conditional Sentence Mixed conditional sentence is a combination of conditional sentence type 2 and conditional sentence type 3. Mixed Conditional Sentence TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE MEANING Untrue in the present or future. Fact: I am not a bird, so I didnt fly to your place. Untrue in the past. Fact: You didnt work hard. Now, you dont succeed.
o

Simple past If I were a bird, Mixed Past perfect Type If you had worked hard,

would have + past participle I would have flown to your place last night. would + simple form you would succeed.

When do we use mixed conditional sentence?

Mixed conditional sentence is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result in the present, or actions or situations that do not take place in the present, but we can imagine the probable result in the past.
o

If you lived near the factory, you would have heard the sound of the explosion. (In truth, you dont live near the factory. Therefore, you didn't hear the sound of the explosion.) If he had not been late this morning, he would be permitted to join the test. (In truth, he was late. Therefore, he is not permitted to join the test.)

soal conditional sentences SOAL+JAWABAN 1. if i missed the bus this afternoon, i'll get the taxi 2. if i have more money would (you merry)me? 3. please dont signt this contac before i had check them 4. you would have a lot of friend if you did't be (you,not,be) so mean 5. if she had bougth a new house, she have been happy 6. Whenever my roommate snores loudly, I cannot sleep. 7. Children may be disappointed if they do not receive good grades 8. Had it not rained, the farmers would have lost all of their crops. 9. If the airplane had not had a mechanical problem, we probably would have arrived in Winnipeg by now. 10. We would be lying on the beach in Mexico right now if we had been able to get our visas on time.

SOAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

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February 20, 2010

1. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become a teacher.He often asks himself . What . if I were a teacher? A. do I do B. will I do C. would I do D. am I doing E. am I going to do 2. Had I realized that Tony was a bad driver. I . my car. A. would not lend him B. did not lend him C. will not lend him D. would not have lent him E. had not had 3. If she works harder, she .. her paper in time. A. will finish B. would finish C. has finished D. will be finishing E. will have finished 4. If my car were in the better condition, I would make a long trip now. It may be concluded that I . A. have to stay at home B. are enjoying the trip C. prefer staying at home D. enjoyed the trip E. stayed at home 5. If there had been traffic lights at this intersection, there would not have been so many accident. we may conclude that A. Drivers were always careful at this intersection B. despite the traffic lights accident happen C. traffic lights often doesnt work D. We didnt find traffic light at this intersection E. There are many traffic accident 6.If his mother had not been ill, Tony would have joined the study tour to Jakarta. We conclude that Tony .. A. has just come back from the study tour B. went to Jakarta for Study tour C. left his sick mother at home D. refused to join the study tour to Jakarta E. went to jakarta after her mother had recovered

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
January 1, 2009 englishexpressions CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Conditional Sentences (kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau tidak terjadi. Kalimat ini terdiri dari 2 bagian: 1. Main Clause (Induk kalimat): bagian kalimat oyang dapat berdiri sendiri karena telah memiliki subjek dan predikat. 2. Sub-ordinat Clause/ If Clause (Anak kalimat): bagian kalimat yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri/ harus melekat pada induk kalimat. Contoh: Ada 3 bentuk pengandaian: Future Possible Condition, Present Unreal Condition, Past Unreal Con-dition. Pada buku ini, akan dibahas Future Possible Condition saja (bentuk lain akan dipelajari di SMU). Future Possible Conditional digunakan unutk menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi atau akan dilaku-kan di waktu yang akan datang bila syaratnya terpenuhi. Pola: S + will + V1 + if + S + V1/V1+s/es Atau If + S + V1/ V1+s/es , S + will + V1 Keterangan: If Clause dapat ditempatkan di awal kalimat tanpa mengubah arti, tetapi kalimat kedua harus didahului koma (,)

Conditional Sentences (Part 1): Real Conditionals

By Swara Bhaskara on May 28, 2009 02:46 10 Comments

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sering kita berandai-andai. Misalnya, seandainya (jika) kamu mau jadi pacar saya, saya akan buat kamu orang paling bahagia di dunia. Seandainya saya kaya, saya akan bangun hotel bintang 5 di pantai Kuta. Seandainya saya punya sayap, saya akan terbang petikkan bintang untukmu. Dan seterusnya. Kalimat-kalimat seperti ini disebut kalimat pengandaian atau dalam bahasa Inggris disebut conditional sentences. Dalam bahasa Inggris, conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut: a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut if clause.

b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause). Conditional sentences dikelompokkan menjadi 2 tipe, yaitu: real conditional dan unreal/contrary to fact. Tulisan ini khusus membahas real conditionals, sedangkan untuk unreal conditional dapat dibaca di topik Conditional sentences (Part 2).
Real conditionals (factual / habitual / hypothetical / future possible)

Kalimat pengandaian tipe ini digunakan untuk mengekpresikan situasi atau aktivitas yang biasanya terjadi atau akan terjadi jika situasi pada if clause terpenuhi. Dengan kata lain, apa yang diandaikan itu memiliki peluang untuk terjadi atau menjadi kenyataan. Sebagai contoh, ketika seorang teman mengajak saya, apakah malam ini saya mau nonton atau tidak, saya mungkin katakan:

If I have the time, I will go. (Jika saya punya waktu, saya akan pergi).

Kalimat ini secara implisit juga berarti,

If I dont have the time, I will not go. (Jika saya tidak punya waktu, saya tidak akan pergi).

Penggunaan real conditionals

Kalimat pengandaian tipe ini dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan:

a. Future time will can If + S + present tense, S + may must + Verb1

Note: if clause bisa diletakkan di depan kalimat (seperti formula di atas), bisa juga diletakkan di belakang setelah main clause. Ini tidak merubah arti kalimat. Dengan catatan, jika if clause diletakkan di belakang, tanda koma tidak diperlukan. Contoh:
1. If I have the money, I will give it to you. (Jika saya punya uangnya, saya akan memberikannya kepada kamu). 2. If you keep driving on this speed, we may arrive at home before 10 p.m. (Jika kamu terus nyetir mobil pada kecepatan ini, kita mungkin tiba di rumah sebelum jam 10 malam). 3. I can pass this subject if I study hard. (Saya dapat lulus mata kuliah ini, jika saya belajar giat). 4. You must bring an umbrella if you dont want to get wet. (Kamu harus membawa payung, jika kamu tidak ingin basah (kehujanan).

b. Habitual (kebiasaan/habit) If + S + verb1, S + verb1

Note: Dalam formula ini, modal auxiliary tidak digunakan. Contoh:

1. If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus. (Jika Budi punya cukup waktu, dia biasanya jalan kaki ke kampus). 2. I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep. (Saya biasanya nonton sepakbola di TV tiap Sabtu malam jika saya tidak tertidur). 3. If he has money, he always treats us. (Jika dia punya uang, dia selalu mentraktir kita). c. Command (perintah) If + S + verb1, S + verb1

Contoh:
1. If you finish with your work, please help me. (Jika kamu selesai dengan pekerjaanmu, tolong bantu saya). 2. Please give me a cigarette if you dont mind. (Tolong beri saya sepuntung rokok, jika kamu tidak keberatan). 3. If you have time, please meet me in my office. (Jika kamu punya waktu, tolong temui saya di kantor saya).

4. This practice test has been viewed more than 1,500 times but theres only one, Rush, who has tried to answer it. I assume that the others have completely understood or known its correct answers. Unfortunately, I myself hasnt. 5. The following is my best shot to this practice test. Please, dont hesitate to correct me if I am wrong! 6. 1. a. could never have done Ive finished cleaning the house. But if Arini had not helped me, I COULD NEVER HAVE DONE it so quickly. 7. 2. e. would be washed If you took the clothes to the laundry now, they WOULD BE WASHED. 8. 3. b. dont go If you DONT GO, I shall be very angry. 9. 4. b. He failed in his examination. If he had studied harder, he would have passed his examination. 10. 5. c. you ring He wont come unless YOU RING the bell. 11. 6. a. If they hadnt climbed higher, they wouldnt have got a better view. They climbed higher so that they got a better view. 12. 7. b. I dont want to come home because my mother will punish me. If I come home now, my mother will punish me for breaking her favorite vase. 13. 8. c. The party wasnt held at their house. Had they invited fewer people, the party could have been held at their house. 14. 9. e. I didnt know his number so I didnt call him. If I had known his number, I would have called him.

15. 10. c. You were not able to date her because you didnt listen to me. If you had listened to me, you would have been able to date her. 16. 11. e. He didnt tell you because you didnt ask him. He would have told you if you had asked him. 17. 12. a. There is a possibility that Made will go to Jakarta. If Made is not too busy, he will visit you in Jakarta. 18. 13. e. I missed the interview. If the companys personnel department had mailed the letter earlier, I would not have been too late for the interview. 19. 14. a. I would have forgotten it if she hadnt reminded me. Its good that Ann reminded me about Joes birthday. 20. 15. b. would have told If someone had touched her purse, she WOULD HAVE TOLD her husband. 21. NOTE: If you compare Rushs to mine, there are only two different answers, namely, for question 8 and 14. Lets discuss them, shall we?