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\title
{\large
Lut kt hp theo cch tip cn ca i s gia t\\
}
\maketitle
%SHORTEN NAME OF AUTHORS AND TITLE OF THE ARTICLE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\markboth{TEN CAC TAC GIA, VIET HOA...}{DAY LA TEN BAI RUT GON, VIET HOA...}
%AUTHORS AND ADDRESSES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
Trn Thi Sn, Nam Tin\\
{\it
Vin Cng ngh thng tin\\
}
\end{center}
\textbf{Tm tt:} Trong bi bo ny, chng ti trnh by phng php trch xut lut kt hp
i s gia t. Cch tip cn ny cho php chuyn i gi tr trong C s d liu sang gi tr
thng tin cn tnh ton.\\
\\
\textbf{Abstract:} In this paper we introduce the new method to quantitative ass
ociation rule mining from relational data base using Hedge Algebras approach. T
his approach let transform values in DB into fuzzy values in more natural way an
d reduce a volume of computational information.
\\\\
\textbf{M u}\\
Khai ph d liu, c th l trch xut cc lut kt hp t c s d liu, c xut pht im t
h. bi ton ny, s liu c biu din di dng bng hai chiu, trong cc ct th hi
iao dch (transactions) c tin hnh, s 1 cho thy mt hng c mua, s 0 ch iu ng
g mun rt ra c cc quy lut gip cho qun l, kiu nh "Nu mt ngi mua bnh m v b
Lut c dng nh vy gi l lut kt hp v l hng nghin cu quan trng trong lnh vc kha
rt khng y nu ch xem xt cc c s d liu ch bao gm cc phn t 0 v 1. Chng hn,
nh tui, thu nhp.. c gi tr trong min s thc rt rng. trch xut ra cc lut kt h

iu trong CSDL cho v CSDL ch cha cc gi tr 0, 1 v p dng cc kt qu c. Th d,

min "tr", "trung nin" v "gi" vi cc min gi tr tng ng l [0,35], [36,55], [56,80]
L ban u ri vo min gi tr no th ta ghi 1 cho v tr tng ng trong CSDL chuyn i, n
in v mt thc thi nhng c th gy bn khon do ranh gii cng m ngi ta a ra khi tin
35 v 36 tuy rt gn nhau v mt tui tc nhng li thuc hai lp khc nhau l "tr" v "tru
nhng lut kt hp c th thiu tnh chnh xc. V ngi ta s dng cch tip cn m khc
n u khng chuyn i v gi tr 0 hoc 1 nh trn m s chuyn v mt tp gi tr thc thu
trc. Th d, ngi tui 35 trong v d trn, CSDL chuyn i s nhn tp gi tr (tr
1). Phng php ny, tuy dn ti vic x l phc tp hn nhng d chp nhn hn v mt trc q
tm. Mc d vy, theo chng ti, phng php trch xut lut kt hp m vn c mt s im
vic la chn cc hm thuc cho cc tp m dn n vic x l va phc tp va c th thiu
vic gii bi ton trch xut lut kt hp m theo cch tip cn ca i s gia t, cc
gha, c xc nh da trn cc kt qu nghin cu l thuyt v SGT c t trc.
Bi bo gm 4 phn, trong phn 1 trnh by mt s khi nim c bn cn d ng v sau. Phn h
i s gia t trong trich xut lut kt hp m. Phn 3 l thut ton c th v cui c ng, ph
.
%NOI DUNG BAI BAO %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Mt s khi nim c bn [11,13]}
\subsection{Lut kt hp}
Gi $I = I_1, I_2,...,I_n$ tp m thuc tnh ring bit, mi thuc tnh gi l mt mc. Gi D
mi bn ghi T l mt giao dch v cha cc tp mc, $T \subseteq I$.\\
\textbf{nh ngha 1}: Mt lut kt hp l mt quan h c dng $X \Rightarrow Y$, trong $X
cc tp mc gi l $itemsets$, v $X \bigcap Y \neq \emptyset$. y, X c gi l tin ,
uan trng ca lut kt hp l \emph{ h tr (s)} v \emph{ tin cy (c)}.\\
\textbf{nh ngha 2}: h tr $(support)$ ca lut kt hp $X \Rightarrow Y$ t l phn tr
gcup Y$ vi tng s cc giao dch c trong c s d liu.\\
\textbf{nh ngha 3}: i vi mt s giao dch c a ra, tin cy (confidence) l t l
Y$ vi s giao dch c cha X. n v tnh \%.\\
Vic khai thc cc lut kt hp t c s d liu chnh l vic tm tt c cc lut c h t
xc nh trc. Cc ngng ca h tr v tin cy c k hiu l $minsup$ v $mincof$.T
htarrow Y$ c h tr ln hn $minsup$. Mt tnh cht rt quan trng i vi khai ph lut
tp mc ln cng l tp mc ln. V mt c bn cc thut ton trch xut lut kt hp (Aprio
n u, kim tra xem mc no khng l tp mc ln th loi b, c
n li chp vo nhau v li ti
h.\\
Vi lut kt hp m, nh ni trong phn m u, vi mi mc c th chia ra cc min m (nh
chia mt mc ban u thnh cc mc con v gi tr ca mi hng ti mc s nm trong [0,1]
mt min m $s_i$ thuc $x_i$ c nh ngha l:
\begin{equation}
FS(A^{x_i}_{s_i}) = \frac{1}{n}\Sigma^{n}_{j=1}\mu^{x_i}_{s_i}(d^{x_i}_{j})
\end{equation}
c
n h tr ca cc min m $s_1, s_2, .., s_k$ ca cc mc $x_1, x_2,.., x_k$ tng ng s
\begin{equation}
FS(A^{x_1}_{s_1}, A^{x_2}_{s_2}, ..., A^{x_k}_{s_k}) = \frac{1}{n}\Sigma^{n}_{j=
1}[\mu^{x_1}_{s_1}(d^{x_1}_{j}) \circ \mu^{x_1}_{s_1}(d^{x_1}_{j}) \circ ... \ci
rc \mu^{x_1}_{s_1}(d^{x_1}_{j})]
\end{equation}
$x_i$ l mc th i, $s_i$ l min m thuc mc th i, n l s hng trong CSDL, $\mu^{x_i
j})$ l thuc ca gi tr ti ct th i, hng j vo tp m $s_i$.
\subsection{i s gia t}
tng s dng SGT trong khai ph d liu xut pht t cu trc kh tt ca cc gi tr ca
chuyn mn"..). Trong SGT (tuyn tnh), cc gi tr ca bin ngn ng c sp xp theo
" l "rt tr" < "kh tr" < " tr" <..<"kh gi" < "gi" < "rt gi"..) v cc gi tr ny
trc s gia hai gi tr min, max ca min gi tr. Vi mt vi gi thit hp l (a vo nh
ng ny c gn vi mt khong ln cn trn trc s v cc khong ca tt c cc gi tr bi
max ni trn v ta c th ly gi tr i din cho khong lm gi tr tnh ton trong cc n
o cc gi tr hm thuc trong l thuyt tp m ca Zadeh. C th v SGT c th xem [1], [2],
Gi thit i s gia t \underline{\em{$AX^*$}} = (\em{\underline{$X^*$}},\emph{ G, H, $\sig
ma, \phi, \leq$}) tuyn tnh v y , trong \em{\underline{$X^*$}} l tp c s, $G= (0,
1)$ l tp cc phn t sinh, $H$ l tp cc gia t, $\leq$ l quan h th t ton phn trn
^*$}}, $\sigma$ v $\phi$ l hai php ton m rng sao cho $\forall x\in$ $\emph{\underline{

$X^*$}}$ ca tp $H(x)$ l tp tt c cc phn t sinh ra t x nh tc ng ca gia t trong

\textbf{nh ngha 1.}\\
1. Gia t $h$ c gi l dng nu $h{c^+}$>${c^+}$(hay $hc^-$<$c^-$ v l m nu c iu n
$H^+$ c
n tp cc gia t m k hiu l $H^-$. $H= {H^+}\bigcup{H^-}$.\\
2. Gia t $h$ c gi l dng (m) i vi gia t $k$ khi v ch khi $\exists x \in Dom(X)$
th $kx<hkx (kx>hkx)$ hoc $x>kx$ th $kx>hkx (kx<hkx)$.\\
\textbf{Tnh cht 1.2.1}: Tnh cht dng (m) ca mt gia t ny i vi mt gia t khc kh
ng.\\
\textbf{Tnh cht 1.2.2} Nu hx<kx th $\forall$p,q$\in$H ta c $phx<qkx$ hay $H(hx) < H(k
x)$\\
\textbf{nh ngha 2}\\ Mt nh x f c gi l nh x nh lng ng ngha ca X nu n th
Q1) f l song nh;\\
Q2) f bo ton th t trn \emph{\textbf{\underline{$X^*$}}}, tc l $x<y \Rightarrow f(x)<f(
)$, v $f(0)= 0, f(1)=1$;\\
Q3)Tnh cht lin tc: $\forall x \in \underline{X^*}$, \emph{f($\phi$x) = infimumf(H(x)
)} v \emph{f($\sigma$x) = supremumf(H(x))}.\\
C th hnh dung $H(x)$ bao gm cc khi nim m m n phn nh ngha no ca khi nim
iu din tnh m ca x. Nh nh x ng ngha $f$, tp $H(x)$ (hay o tnh m ca x) c t
))$ v k hiu l $fm(x)$. Vi tng ny o tnh m c tin ho qua nh ngha 3.\\
\textbf{nh ngha 3.} Mt hm $fm: \underline{X^*} \rightarrow [0,1]$, c gi l mt o
\emph{X}, nu n c cc tnh cht sau:\\
F1) $fm$ l mt o y trn $\underline{X^*}$ ngha l $fm(c^-) + fm(c^+) = 1$ v, $\fo
underline{X^*}$, $\Sigma_{h \in H}fm(hu) = fm(u)$;\\
F2) Nu x l mt khi nim chnh xc, tc l H(x) = x, th fm(x) = 0. c bit ta c: $fm(0)
= 0$;\\
F3) $\forall$$x, y \in \underline{X^*}$, $\forall$$h \in H$, ta c $\frac{fm(hx)}{
fm(x)}$ = $\frac{fm(hy)}{fm(y)}$, ngha l t s ny khng ph thuc vo mt phn t c th n
ine{X^*}$ m ch ph thuc vo h, do ta c th k hiu n bng $\mu(h)$ v c gi l
Gi s rng $H^- = h_-1, ..., h_-q$, vi $h_-1<h_-2< ... <h_-q$, v $H^+ = h_1,..., h_p$,
vi $h_1< ...<h_p$.\\
T nh ngha 2 ta thy fm c cc tnh cht sau.\\
\textbf{Mnh 2.1 [8]}. o tnh m fm ca cc khi nim v $\mu(h)$ ca cc gia t tha
1) $fm(hx) = \mu(h)fm(x), \forall x \in \underline{X^*}$;;\\
2) $fm(c^-) + fm(c^+)=1$;\\
3) $\Sigma_{i=-q, i \neq 0}fm({h_i}c) = fm(c)$, vi $c \in c^{-}, c^+$;\\
4) $\Sigma_{-q \leq i \leq p, i\neq 0 }fm(h_{i}x ) = fm(x)$, $x \in \underline{X
}$.\\
5) $\Sigma_{i=-1}^{-q}\mu(h_i)= \alpha$ v $\Sigma_{i=1}^{p}\mu(h_i) = \beta$, vi $
\alpha, \beta >0$ v $\alpha + \beta = 1.$\\
nh x nh lng ng ngha c xy dng da trn cc tham s cho trc gm cc o tnh
tnh m ca cc gia t $\mu(h)$.\\
\textbf{nh ngha 2.4.} (Hm Sign [8]). Hm du $Sign: X\rightarrow -1,0,1$ l nh x c
u, trong $h$ v $h'$ l cc gia t bt k v $c \in \{c^-,c^+\}$:\\
a) $Sign(c) = -1, Sign(c+) = +1,$\\
b) $Sign(h'hx) = -Sign(hx)$ nu $hhx \neq hx$ v h l m tnh i vi h (hoc i vi c,
= c);\\
c) $Sign(h'hx) = Sign(hx)$
nu $hhx \neq hx$ v h l dng tnh i vi h (hoc i
I v x = c);\\
d) Sign(h'hx) =
0
nu
hhx = hx.\\
Hm du Sign c a ra s dng nhn bit khi no gia t tc ng vo cc t lm tng hay
\textbf{B 2.1}.[8] Vi mi $h$ v $x$, nu $Sign(hx)= +1$ th $ hx>x$, nu $Sign(hx) = -1
$hx<x$\\
\textbf{nh ngha 2.5.} Cho \underline{AX*} l i s gia t tuyn tnh, y v t do, $f
o tnh m ca phn t sinh c-, c+ v $\mu(h)$ l o tnh m ca cc gia t h trong $H
2.1. nh x nh lng ng ngha m l nh x $\nu$ c xc nh quy np nh sau:\\
1) $\nu(W)= \theta = fm(c^-), \nu(c^-)$ = $\theta - \alpha fm(c^-), \nu(c^+)
= \theta +\alpha fm(c^+)$;\\
2) $\nu(h_{j}x) = \nu(x)+ Sign(h_{j}x)$ $(\Sigma_{i=1}^{j}fm(h_{i}x) - \omega(
h_{j}x))$, vi $1 \leq j \leq p,$ v $\nu(h_{j}x) = \nu(x)+ Sign(h_{j}x)(\Sigma_{i=
-1}^{j}fm(h_{i}x) - \omega(h_{j}x))$, vi $-q \leq j \leq -1,$\\

Hai cng thc ny c th vit thnh mt cng thc chung, vi $j \in [-q\wedge p]$ = $j \: -q
leq p\&j \neq 0$ l: , trong $fm(h_{j}x)$ c tnh theo tnh cht 1) Mnh 2.1 v $\ome
\frac{1}{2}[1 + Sign(h_{j}x)Sign(h_{p}h_{j}x)(\beta - \alpha)] \in \{\alpha, \be
ta\}$.\\
3)$\nu({\phi}c^-) = 0$, $\nu({\sigma}{c^-})$ = $\theta$ =$\nu({\phi}{c^+})$, $\n
u({\sigma}c^+) = 1$, v vi cc phn t dng $h_{j}x$, $j \in [-q{\wedge}p]$, ta c:\\
$\nu({\phi}h_{j}x)$ = $\nu(x)+ Sign(h_{j}x)(\Sigma_{i=Sign(j)}^{j-1}fm(h_{i}x))$
\\ $\nu({\sigma}h_{j}x)$ = $\nu(x)+ Sign(h_{j}x)(\Sigma_{i=Sign(j)}^{j}fm(h_{i}x
))$.\\
D dng kim chng: $\nu(c^-) = {\beta}fm(c^-)$ v $\nu(c^+) = 1 - {\beta}fm(c^+)$.\\
\section{Tip cn i s gia t trong khai ph d liu:}
Theo cch tip cn ny, trc ht cc mc cng c phn chia thnh cc min m, khng phi b
rong l thuyt tp m thng thng m bng
cch ng chng vi cc SGT. Chng hn, trong mc "Tui", ta c th xc nh mt SGT vi ha
cc gia t "rt", "kh" v "tng i", t c cc min m (l cc phn t ca SGT c
(l gi tr trung gian W), "rt gi", "kh gi", "tng i gi". (nu mun, c th xt cc p
tr"..).Do cc khong m ca cc phn t c c ng di ca SGT to nn mt ta phn hoch t
i tr ca bin ngn ng. Tip theo, thay v vic xy dng cc hm thuc cho cc min m x
gi (hay thuc) ca cc gi tr ti hng bt k ca mc ang xt n cc min m mi xc
_i}_i$) v gi tr nh lng ng ngha ca hai phn t gn ($d^{x_i}_i$) nht v hai pha c
i}_i$) vo hai min m (hai phn t ca SGT) . gn gi gia ($d^{x_i}_i$) vi cc phn
cui c ng, ta phi chun ha (chuyn v gi tr trong on [0,1] ri ly nghch o hoc 1vi mi gi tr ($d^{x_i}_i$) mt cp thuc (thay v c th 2, 3 hay hn gi tr thuc
lm u vo trong thut ton s trnh by trong phn sau. C th thy cch tnh gi tr h
c phn b cc gi tr nh lng ng ngha ca cc gi tr ngn ng trn trc s theo m
nhiu hn gi tr thuc tnh ton nh trong cc thut ton khai ph lut kt hp m kh
, ta thy ch cn hai gi tr thuc (vo cc tp m gn nht v hai pha) l phn nh t
bn ghi hin thi) v nh vy s tit kim ng k khi lng tnh ton cng nh b nh cn t
i s liu l tng theo cp s nhn ca s min m tng ng c to ra. Chng hn, nu c
to ra s l $3^8$, trong khi theo phng php SGT, s bn ghi mi to ra ch l <$2^8$ (v
hn 1 gi tr thuc). C th ni k thm mt cht v vic d ng khong cch gia cc gi tr
hm thuc nh l thuyt tp m ca Zadeh. Theo [14], nu tp m tr c c trng bi hm
uc $\mu_{'tre'}$ l tam gic cn, nh l (18,1), hai y l (0,0) v (0,36) th hm thuc c
'tre'}$ th hin bng hm bc hai trong hnh v, cng c nh ta l (18,1)
\includegraphics{hammo.png}\\Khi , vi mt gi tr tui x bt k (nh hn 18), ta s c gi
tp m tr v rt tr tng ng s l y2 v y1, trong y1<y2. iu c ngha thu
khc, x lun c coi l tr nhiu hn l rt tr d x c t tui bao nhiu i na, mu t
khng s dng tng bin ngn ng ca Zadeh, th th nht, mi gi tr bin ngn ng buc t
qu trnh phc tp) m nhiu khi chng lin quan g n hm thuc c mc d v mt ng ngh
nh tr v rt tr hoc tng i kh tr).\\
Sau nhng trnh by trn, chng ta c th i n thut ton trch xut lut kt hp c th
\section{Thut ton trch xut lut kt hp t c s d liu:}
K hiu cc tham s ca thut ton nh sau:\\
\emph{
n: Tng s giao dch trong c s d liu(c sinh ra sau qu trnh chuyn d liu th {(n')}
m: Tng s cc thuc tnh(s thuc tnh ca d liu th(m')* s nhn gia t)\\
$A_j$: Thuc tnh th j, $1 \leq j \leq m, A_j$\\
D(i) d liu giao dch th i, $1 \leq i \leq n$\\
$v_{j}(i)$: Gi tr nh lng ca $A_j$ trong $D(i)$;\\
$f_{jk}(i)$ gi tr thuc ca $v_{j}(i)$ vi nhn gia t $R_{jk}, 1 \leq f_{jk}(i) \leq m$
$Sup(A_{jk})$: h tr ca $A_{jk}$\\
Sup: Gi tr h tr ca mi tp mc ln;\\
Conf: tin cy ca mi tp mc ln\\
Minsup: Gi tr h tr ti thiu cho trc\\
Minconf: Gi tr tin cy cho trc\\
$C_{r}$: Tp cc tp mc c kh nng vi r thuc tnh (tp mc), $1 \leq r \leq m$;
$L_{r}$: Tp cc tp mc ln tha mn vi r nhn gia t (tp mc) $1 \leq r \leq m$;
}
Thut ton khai ph d liu da trn i s gia t cho cc gi tr nh lng c thc hin
\textbf{Input: m,n, theta(t l gia 2 phn t sinh), minsup v minconf\\

Output: lut kt hp}\\

\emph{
\textbf{Bc 1:} Chuyn cc gi tr nh lng $v_j(i$) ca mi giao dch $D(i)$, i t 1 ti
j$, nu $A_j$ nm ngoi 1 trong 2 u mt ( 2 nhn gia t cc i v cc tiu) th $A_j$ c
khng th $A_j$ c biu din bi 2 nhn gia t lin tip c on gi tr nh nht trn tr
r biu din thuc $f_{jk}(i)(j=1,2)$ ca $A_j$ vi nhn gia t . thuc ny c t
iu din cho nhn gia t tng ng.\\
\textbf{Bc 2:} Tnh gi tr h tr
\begin{equation}
Sup(R_{jk}) = \frac{\Sigma_{j=1}^{n}f_{jk}}{n}
\end{equation}
\textbf{Bc 3 :} Nu $Sup(R_{jk}) \leq minsup$ th a $R_{jk}$ vo $L_1$\\
\textbf{Bc 4 :} Nu $L_1$ khng rng, tip tc bc sau, nu rng thot chng trnh.
\textbf{Bc 5 :} Thut ton xy dng tp mc ln mc r t cc tp mc ln mc r-1 bng cch
hau duy nht mt mc, hp 2 tp mc ny ta c tp mc ng vin $C_r$, nu tp mc ny xut
ha mn th n c a vo danh sch cc tp mc ln mc r.\\
\textbf{Bc 6:} Thc hin theo cc bc con sau y lp li cho cc tp mc ln mc ln hn
tp mc ln S vi mc $(s_1,s_2, , s_t \\s_{r+1})$ trong $C_{r+1}$, $1 \leq t \leq r+1$\
(a)Tnh gi tr h tr sup(S) ca S trong giao dch
\begin{equation}
Sup(S) = \frac{\Sigma_{j=1}^{k}f_{jk}}{n}
\end{equation}
(b)Nu $Sup(S) \leq minsup$, th a S vo $L_{r+1}$.\\
\textbf{Bc 7 :} Nu $L_{r+1}$ l rng, th thc hin bc tip theo, ngc li, t r=r+1,
\textbf{Bc 8 :} Thu thp cc tp mc ln mc ln hn nu c\\
\textbf{Bc 9:} a ra cc lut kt hp t cc tp mc ln va thu thp theo cch sau:\\
(a)Vi mi lut kt hp kh thi sau y: $s_1\bigcap$$\bigcap$$s_x$$\bigcap$$s_y$$\bigcap$$
$$s_q$ $\rightarrow$$ s_k (k=1 ... q, x=k-1, y= k+1)$\\
(b)Tnh tin cy ca lut :$Conf(s_1\bigcap$$\bigcap$$s_x$$\bigcap$$s_y$$\bigcap$$\bigcap
_q$$\rightarrow$$s_k )= \frac{(Sup(S/s_k))}{(Sup(S))}$\\
}
\section{V d minh ha:}
minh ha, chng ti xin trnh by kt qu thu c ca vic p dng thut ton trn vi s
s M nm 1995 (http://www.stat.ucla.edu/data/fpp). y chng ti ch lit k mt s lut t
qu trong [12].\\
(Bng a)\\
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
Conf.&Rules&Supp.\\
\hline
.983&$old age \rightarrow few children$&.234\\
\hline
.967&$few persons \rightarrow few children$
&.520\\
\hline
.897&$few education \rightarrow low hincome$&.143\\
\hline
.884&$low income \rightarrow low hincome$&.500\\
\hline
.850& $low education \rightarrow low income$ &.136\\
\hline
.837&$low hincome \rightarrow low income$&
.500\\
\hline
.808& $low education \rightarrow few children$&.129\\
\hline
.801&$many children \rightarrow many persons$&.060\\
\hline
.798&$old age \rightarrow low hincome$&.190\\
\hline
.790&$old age \rightarrow few persons$&.188\\

\hline
.784&$low income \rightarrow few children$&
.444\\
\hline
.768& $low hincome \rightarrow few children$&.459\\
\hline
.766& $high hincome \rightarrow high income$&.050\\
\hline
.756& $old age \rightarrow low income$&.180\\
\hline
.743& $aver children \rightarrow avere persons$&.151\\
\hline
.728& $few persons \rightarrow low income$
&.391\\
\hline
.724
&$high education \rightarrow few children$&.197\\
\hline
.720&$few children \rightarrow few persons$&.520\\
\hline
.719 &$med hincome \rightarrow med income$&.243\\
\hline
.719& $med education \rightarrow few children$ &.409\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
(bng b1)
\begin{center}
\hspace{0.2cm}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
Supp.&Rules& Conf.\\
\hline
0.219&$low\_EdLe low\_InFa \rightarrow low\_InHe$&91.77\\
\hline
0.149&$high\_Age \rightarrow low\_NuK$i& 90.26\\
\hline
0.219&$low\_EdLe low\_InHe \rightarrow low\_InFa$& 90.19\\
\hline
0.242&$ low\_EdLe \rightarrow low\_InHe$& 89.51\\
\hline
0.096&$ high\_Age low\_FaPe \rightarrow low\_NuKi$& 89.5\\
\hline
0.083&$ low\_Age medium\_EdLe \rightarrow low\_InHe$&88.86\\
\hline
0.058& $high\_Age medium\_EdLe \rightarrow low\_NuKi$& 88.77\\
\hline
0.083&$ low\_Age medium\_EdLe \rightarrow
low\_InFa$&88.0\\
\hline
0.238&$ low\_EdLe \rightarrow low\_InFa$& 87.97\\
\hline
0.117&$ high\_Age low\_InFa \rightarrow low\_NuKi$& 87.54\\
\hline
0.119&$ high\_Age low\_InHe\rightarrow low\_NuKi$& 87.43\\
\hline
0.18&$ low\_Age low\_InFa \rightarrow low\_InHe$& 87.15\\
\hline
0.661&$low\_InFa \rightarrow low\_InHe$& 86.93\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
V tn trng nguyn bn, chng ti gi li y nhng t ng m cc tc gi trong [12] d ng
dium; aver l vit tt ca average). C
n bng (b1) cc t vit tt l ve: very; qu:quite; h
: low; Nuki: number of Kids; FaPe: Persons in a Family; InFa: Income of a family

; InHe: Income of family's head; EdLe: Level of Education. Kt qu ny c c khi ta s dng

hai phn t sinh (l high v low) c ng phn t trung h
a medium vi phn b u trn min gi
^+)$=0.5) v khng s dng gia t.Ta thy, khi so snh hai bng:\\
1.Cc lut c bn ca (a) u c trong (b1) vi tin cy xp x. Chng hn, lut old age $
en vi tin cy .983 bng (a) ng vi lut $high\_Age \rightarrow low\_NuKi$ vi
(tc.902) bng (b1) hay lut $few persons \rightarrow few children$ vi tin cy .967 ng
$low\_FaPe \rightarrow low\_NuK$ vi tin cy 78.05, lut $few education \rightarrow
low hincome$ vi tin cy .897 ng vi lut $low\_EdLe \rightarrow low\_InHe$ vi tin
1..\\
2. tin cy hai bng c khc nhau do s dng v thc cht cc hm thuc khc nhau nhng
Trong bng (b1) c mt s lut m bng (a) khng c, th d lut $low\_EdLe low_InFa \righta
He$ do cc tc gi trong [12] ch xt cc lut v tri c mt mc.\\
3. Ta c th trch xut cc lut chi tit hn mt cch d dng nh trong bng (b2) sau v the
inh cc phn t ngn ng c th tnh ton d dng (theo nh Mnh 2.1 v nh ngha 2.5
mi theo l thuyt tp m c in (d dn n sai st nh th d v hm thuc tr v rt
0.5$ v $\mu(very)$=0.875, $\mu(quite)$=0.125. (b2)\\
(bng b2)
\begin{center}
\hspace{0.2cm}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
Supp.&Rules& Conf.\\
\hline
78.03 &$qu\_hi\_Age \rightarrow ve\_lo\_NuKi$&0.13105318 \\
\hline
78.1&$ve\_hi\_Age \rightarrow ve\_lo\_NuKi$&0.082249284\\
\hline
69.13&$ve\_lo\_InFa \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.43760595\\
\hline
68.99&$ve\_lo\_InHe \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.43760595 \\
\hline
68.68&$ve\_lo\_Age \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.09446891 \\
\hline
68.76&$ve\_hi\_Age
\rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.064412944 \\
\hline
66.98&$ve\_hi\_Age \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa
$&0.06274383 \\
\hline
66.49&$ve\_lo\_FaPe \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.2789387 \\
\hline
63.97&$ve\_lo\_NuKi \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.39723718 \\
\hline
63.86&$qu\_lo\_Age
\rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.18667413 \\
\hline
64.17&$ve\_lo\_NuKi \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.39849037 \\
\hline
65.04&$ve\_lo\_FaPe \rightarrow ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.27287552 \\
\hline
67.76&$ve\_lo\_Age
\rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.093199834 \\
\hline
62.9&$middle\_NuKi \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.010170757 \\
\hline
62.75&$ve\_lo\_InFa \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_NuKi$&0.39723718 \\
\hline
62.82&$ve\_lo\_InHe \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_NuKi$&0.39849037\\
\hline
62.54&$qu\_lo\_FaPe \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.23233615 \\
\hline
63.&$qu\_lo\_Age
\rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.18472897 \\
\hline

62.37&$qu\_hi\_EdLe \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_NuKi$&0.18516514 \\
\hline
61.92&$middle\_NuKi \rightarrow ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.010012479\\
\hline
62.17&$qu\_hi\_Age \rightarrow
ve\_lo\_InHe$&0.104422025\\
\hline
61.87&$qu\_lo\_NuKi \rightarrow ve\_lo\_InFa$&0.13953367\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\textbf{Kt lun:} Bi bo a ra cch tip cn SGT cho bi ton trch xut lut kt hp
ti c 2 u im ni tri:\\
1.
S dng SGT c th xc nh gi tr thuc ca phn t trong CSDL mt cch t nhin v
uyt tp m c in.\\
2.
Khi lng tnh ton s gim mt cch ng k trong khi vn t c kt qu tng
g tnh chi tit hn.\\
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\end{document}