r%f mwptpay; -Mrpupau; jFjp Nju;T 1. `ug;gh ehfupfk; - efu ehfupfk; 2.

jpUts;Stu; gpwe;j Mz;lhf jkpowpQu;fs; fUJk; Mz;L - fp.K.31 3. ,ilr;rq;fk; eilngw;w efuk; - fghlGuk; 4. gpd; Ntjfhyj;jpy; fy;tpapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa ngz;fSs; xUtu; -fhu;fp 5.Rdhkp vd;w nrhy; [g;ghd; nkhopapypUe;J te;jJ. 6. fly; kl;lj;jpy; epyTk; fhw;wOj;jj;jpd; ruhrup msT 1013 kpy;ypghu;fshFk; 7.gu;fhd; ve;j nraNyhL njhlu;GilaJ - gba itj;jy; epyj;Njhw;wk;. 8. ghd;[pah 7 ngupa jl;Lfshf cilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 9. Jsrpjhru; vOjpa E}y; - ,uhkrupjkhd]; 10. tp[a efu NguuR Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - fp.gp.1336 11. ,e;jpaf; fpsp vd miof;fg;gl;l ftpQu; - mkpu;F];U 12.Kjyhk; jiud; Nghupy; KfkJ Nfhupia Njhw;fbj;jtu; - gpUjptpuhrd; 13. fhtpup Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf fy;yiziaf; fl;batu; - fupfhy Nrhod; 14.ju;kghyu; Gfo;kpf;f gy;fiyf;fofj;ij tpf;ukrPyk; vd;w ,lj;jpy; epWtpdhu; 15. G+kpapd; kj;jpapy; fpof;F Nkw;fhf nry;Yk; NfhL - G+kj;jpa Nuif 16. njw;F tlf;fhf nry;Yk; NfhL - jPu;f;ff; NfhL 17. G+kpapd; nkhj;j Nfhz msT - 360 18. 0 bfpup jPu;f;ff; NfhL vd;gJ - ml;rf;NfhL 19. R+upa FLk;gj;jpd; ehafd; - R+upad; 20. re;jpud; G+kpia Rw;wptu Vwj;jho 27.3 ehs;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. 21. gy Nfhbf;fzf;fhd tpz; kPd;fs; njhFjpia mz;lk; vd;gu; 22. ngz;fisf; fhj;jpl 1930 Mz;by; milahw;wpy; xsit ,y;yk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. 23. khefuhl;rp jiytupd; gjtpf;fhyk; 5 Mz;Lfs; 24. ,e;jpahtpy; ,f;fhyj;jpy; nraw;gLk; cs;shl;rp mikg;ig Kjd; Kjypy; eilKiwg;gLj;jpatu; - upg;gd; gpuG 25. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; ngz; kUj;Jtu; - Kj;Jyl;Rkp mk;ikahu; 26. njhiy Nehf;fpapy; kl;LNk Gyg;gLk; Nfhs; - ANud]; 27. G+kpapd; mr;R 231/2 bfpup rha;e;Js;sJ. 28. ehse;jh gy;fiyf;fofk; Fkhu Fg;ju; fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 29. ,uz;lhk; mNrhfu; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; - fdp\;fu; 30. nkf];jdp]; vOjpa E}y; - ,z;bfh
1

31. gzk; kl;LNk gzj;jpd; Njitia re;jpf;Fk; vdmW $wpatu; - thf;fu; 32. rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; rl;l jpl;lq;fs; mkYf;F te;j Mz;L - 1989 33. Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; Mizak; 1993 Mz;L Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 34. cyf vOj;jwpT jpdk; - nrg;lk;gu; 8. 35. Njrpa xUikg;ghl;L jpdkhf filgpbf;fg;gLk; ehs; - etk;gu; 19 36. je;jpj; njhlu;G fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l tUlk; -1844 37. gUj;jp fupry; kz;zpy; mjpfkhf tpisfpwJ. 38. ney; xU madkz;ly gapuhFk;. 39. Nkf;dill; jhJit nfhz;l fdpkk; - ,Uk;G 40. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;ngupa ePu; kpd;rf;jpepiyak; mike;Js;s ,lk; - gf;uheq;fy; 41. gpshrp Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1757 42. fp.gp. 1857-k; Mz;L Gul;rp fhdpq; vd;gtu; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpaJ. 43. ,Uk;G ghijapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLgtu; - ly;n`rp 44. epiyahd epytupj; jpblj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; 46. ml;yhz;bf; Nguhop ePz;l S tbtk; 47. ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; mike;Js;s ,lk; - GJjpy;yp 48. gd;dhl;L ePjpkd;wk; `hye;J ehl;by; cs;s N`f; efupy; cs;sJ. 49. ,e;jpa muR fy;tp cupikr;rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpa ehs; - 1 Vg;uy; 2010 50. nghUspaypd; je;ij - Mlk; ];kpj; 51. ehLfspd; nry;tk; vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd; Mrpupau; - Mlk; ];kpj; 52. fy;tpapy; nra;ag;gLk; KjyPL kdpjtsk; %yjdk; vdg;gLk;. 53. nghJg;Nguitapy; jiytuhf 1954 -k; Mz;by; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpau; jpUkjp. tp[ayl;Rkp gz;bl; 54. Kjy; ghdpg;gl; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - fp.gp.1526 55. khngUk; thzpg ikakhd fhd;];lhz;b Nehgps; Ml;Nlhkhdpa JUf;fpau;fshy; fp.gp.1453-y; ifg;gw;wg;gl;lJ. 56. Mq;fpyg; Nguuir ,e;jpahtpy; Njhw;Wtpj;jtu; - ,uhgu;l; fpist; 57. ru];tjp kfhy; fl;batu; - ,uz;lhk; ruNgh[p 58. NtY}u; rpg;gha; Gul;rp eilngw;w Mz;L 1806 1. rq;f fhyj;ij mwpa cjTk; rhd;Wfs;- mNrhfuJ fy;ntl;Lfs;> cj;jpuNk\&u; fy;ntl;Lfs;> Mjpr;r ey;Y}u; fy;ntl;Lfs;
2

fhud;thyp];

45. xOq;FKiwr; rl;lk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L - 1773

2. rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpo;ehl;by; tlf;F vy;iy - Ntq;flk; 3. Kjw; rq;fk; miktplk; - njd; kJiu 4. ,uz;lhtJ rq;fk; miktplk; - fghlGuk; 5. %d;whtJ rq;fk; miktplk; - kJiu 6. ,uz;lhk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l jkpopd; mbg;gil E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak; 7. rq;f fhyk; vdg;gLtJ - fp.gp. 300 Kjy; fp.kp. 300 tiu 8. epype;jU> FUtpw;ghz;bad; fhyj;jpy; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;l E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak; 9. tQ;rp ahUila jiyefuk; - Nru muru;fs; - Nru muru;fs; 10. gdk; G+ khiyia mzpe;jtu;fs; - Nru muru;fs; 11. njhz;b ahUila JiwKfk; 12. Krpwp ahUila JiwKfk; - Nru muru;fs; 13. Nru ehL cs;slf;fpa gFjpfs; - Nfit> Nfusk; 14. ciwA+u; ahUila jiyefuk; - Nrhou;fs; 15. Mj;jpg; G+ khiyia mzpe;jtu;fs; - NrhG+u; 16. Nrho ehL cs;slf;fpa gFjpfs; - jpUr;rp> jQ;rhT+u; 17. gzila NrhG+u;fspd; rpd;dk; vJ? Gyp 18. NrhG+u;fspd; JiwKfk; - fhtpupG+k;gl;bdk; 19.rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,aw;wpa ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; mz;zd; - nrq;Fl;Ltd; 20. ,kak; tiur; nrd;W fy; vLj;J te;J fz;zfpf;F epidTr; rpd;dk; vOg;gpa kd;du; -nrq;fl;Ltd; 21.rhiyapy; ftdp vd;gjw;fhd vr;rupf;if tpsf;F - kQ;rs; 22. rhiyapy; nry; vjd;gjw;fhd vr;rupf;if tpsf;F - gr;ir 23. rhiyapy; epy; vd;gjw;fhd vr;rupf;if tpsf;F - rptg;G 24. ghk;gd; ghyk; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - ,uhkehjGuk; 25. flw;fiu NfhapYk;> Fiff; NfhapYk; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - khky;yGuk; 26. nfhdhu;f; mike;Js;s khepyk; - xuprh 27. nfhdhu;f;fpy; mike;Js;s Nfhapy; - R+upadhu; Nfhapy; 28. ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;fpof;fpy; cs;sJ - mrhk; 29. fhrp uq;fh capupapay; G+q;fh mike;Js;s ,lk; - mrhk; 30. %d;W Nfhb kuq;fis el;L Nehgy; gupR ngw;wtu; - thq;fhup khu;Njha;. 31. ,e;jpahtpd; njd; fpof;F flw;fiuf; fpuhkk; - jD\;Nfhb 32. vypngz;lh mUtp mike;Js;s ,lk; - \py;yhq;
3

33. fh\;kPupd; jiyefu; - =efu; 34. jhy; Vup mike;Js;s ,lk; - =efu; 35. Nkfhyah khepyj;jpd; jiyefuk; - \py;yhq; 36. Gtp <u;g;G tpiria fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - ru; Irf; epA+l;ld; 37. goq;fhyj;jpy; jf^u; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l gFjpapd; ,d;iwa ngau; - jUkGup 38. ,NaRit rpYitapy; miwe;j jpdk; - Gdpj nts;spf;fpoik 39. fpUj;Jt kjj;jpduhy; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; tpoh - fpwp];Jk]; 40. rPf;fpa rkaj;jpduhy; nfhz;lhlg;gLJ - kfhtPu; n[ae;jp 41. Gj;j rkaj;jpduhy; nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ - Gj;j ngsu;zkp 42. nghJkf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fis toq;Fk; ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiy tpy;Yg;ghl;L 43. iftpidj; njhopyhsu;fshy; Kjd; Kjypy; nra;ag;gl;l nghUs; - nrq;fy; 44. thdtpy;ypy; fhzg;gLk; epwq;fspd; vzzpf;if - VO 45. fUg;G epw kl;ghz;lq;fs; fpilf;Fk; khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp 46. rptg;G kw;Wk; fUg;G epw kl;ghz;lq;fs; fpilf;Fk; khtl;lk; - NtY}u; 47. gj;jkil mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp 48. jkpo;ehl;by; gha; jahupg;gpy; Gfo; ngw;w ,lk; - ge;jkil 49. jkpo;ehl;by; Kf;fly;fSk; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; - fd;dpahFkup 50. 24 kzp Neuj;jpy; 3 mb cauk; tiu tsuf; $ba jhtuk; - %q;fpy;. 1. xapy; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - eldk; 2. jpUtz;zhkiy khtl;lk; Gupir fpuhkk; Gfo; ngwf; fhuzk; - $j;Jf; fiyQu;fs; 3. fpof;Ff; flw;fiuf; fk;ngdp jkpo;ehl;by;- ..... flw;fiu vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Nrhokz;lyk; 4. ePyfpup kiyapd; cau;e;j rpfuk; - njhl;lg;ngl;lh 5. jkpo;ehl;bd; flw;fiu ePs Vwf;Fiwa - 1000 fpkP. 6. jkpo;ehl;bd; ngUk;ghdik nkhop - jkpo; 7. nrd;id khepyk; jkpo;ehL vd;W ngau;> R+l;lg;l;l ehs; - 14.01.1968 8. ahUila gpwe;j jpdk; Mrpupau; jpdkhf nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ - lhf;lu; uhjhfpU\;zd; 9. ahUila gpwe;j jpdk; Foe;ijfs; jpdkhf nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ - [tfu;yhy; NeU 10. nkhopthup khepyq;fs; gpupf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1956
4

11. Gtp jpdj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; nfhz;lhbatu; - Nfyhu;l; ney;rd;. 12. kfhj;khf fhe;jpabfs; gpwe;j jpdk; - mf;Nlhgu; 2> 1869 13. ijj;jpq;fs; Kjy; ehs; - nghq;fy;. 14. jpUNthzk; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; khepyk; - Nfush 15. fjf;fsp eldk; Mlg;gLk; khepyk; - Nfush 16. ,ytr fl;lhaf; fy;tp cupikr; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F te;j ehs; - Vg;uy; 1> 2010 17. Mfha tpkhdk; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - iul; rNfhjuu;fs; 18. 14 taJf;Fl;gl;l rpWtu;fis njhopw;rhiy my;yJ filfspy; gzpaku;j;jf; $lhJ. 19. Mz;b]; kiyj; njhlu; mike;Js;s fz;lk; - njd;mnkupf;fh 20. My;g;]; kiyj; njhlu; mike;Js;s fz;lk; - INuhg;gh 21. uhf;fp kiyj; njhlu; mike;Js;s fz;lk; - tl mnkupf;fh 22. fpspkQ;rhNuh mike;Js;s fz;lk; - Mg;upf;fh 23. ,e;jpahtpy; mike;Js;s gPlG+kp - jpngj; gPlG+kp 24. fpof;F Mrpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; gPlG+kp - jpngj; gPlG+kp 25. tl mnkupf;fhtpy; cs;s gPlG+kp - nfhyuhNlh gPlG+kp 26. rpe;J fq;if rkntsp fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - ,e;jpah 27. ypahdh]; rkntsp fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - njd;mnkupf;fh 28. ypk;ghu;b rkntsp fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - INuhg;gh 29. fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 300 kPl;lu;fs; tiu cauk; nfhz;l gue;J tpupe;j epyg;gug;Gfs; - rkntsp 30. kiyfis tpl cauk; FiwthfTk;> G+kp kl;lj;jpw;F Nky; cau;e;J jl;ilahfTk; cs;s epyg;gFjpfs; - gPlG+kpfs; 31. 0 bfpup ml;rf; NfhL - epyeL NfhL 32. 23 miu bfpup tlf;F ml;r Nuif - flf Nuif 33. 66 miu tlf;F ml;r Nuif - Mu;bf; tl;lk; 34. 66 miu bfpup njw;F ml;r Nuif - mz;lhu;bf; tl;lk; 35. 23 miu njw;F ml;r Nuif kfu Nuif 36. G+kpapd; kPJ tiuag;gLk; ml;r Nuiffspd; vz;zpf;if 180 37. tiuglj;jpy; ,lq;fis vspjpy; fhz gad;gLtJ - ml;rNuifAk;> jPu;f;f NuifAk;
5

re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; 38. fpupd;tPr; ika jPu;f;ff; NfhLfs; - 0 bfpup 39. nkhj;j tiuag;gl;l jPu;f;f Nuiffspd; vz;zpf;if - 360 40. nkupbad; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - jPu;f;f Nuiffs; 41. Gtpf; Nfhsj;jpd; kPJ fpof;F Nkw;fhf tiuag;gl;l fw;gidf; NfhLfs; - ml;r Nuiffs;. 42. G+kpapd; rpwpa khjpup - Gtpf;Nfhsk;. 43. jPgf;fw;gj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;L - ,e;jpah 44. flypd; mbg;gFjpapy; - kiyfs;> kiyj; njhlu;fs;> Fd;Wfs; cs;sd. 45. jPgfw;gk; vd;gLJ - %d;W gf;fk; ePuhYk;> xU gf;fk; epyj;jhYk; R+og;gl;Ls;sJ. - %d;wpy; xU gq;F 46. gRgpf; ngUq;flypd; gug;ghdJ Gtpapd; gug;gpy;

47. ngUq;fly;fspd; kpfg; ngupaJ - gRgpf; ngUq;fly; 48. fz;lq;fis Rw;wp mike;J ngUq;fly;fspd; vz;zpf;if- 5 49. Mokhd kpfg;gue;j ePu;gug;Gfs; - ngUq;fly;fs; 50. fpuhz;l; Nfd;ahd; miktplk; - tlmkupf;fH 1.iey; gs;sj;jhf;F mike;Js;s ,lk; - Mg;upf;fh 2. ,uz;L caue;j epyg;gFjpfSf;FilNa cs;s gFjpfs; - gs;sj;jhf;Ffs; 3. Kjd;ik jPu;f;ff; NfhL nry;Yk; ,lk; - fpuPd;tpr; 4. fpuPd;tpr; thdtpay; Muha;r;rp ikak; mike;Js;s ehL - ,q;fpyhe;J 5. ru;tNjr jpl;l Neuk; fzf;fpl gad;gLtJ - fpuPd;tpr; jPu;f;f Nuif. 6. ,e;jpahtpd; jy Neuj;ij fzf;fpl gad;gLk; jPu;f;f Nuif - 82 1/2 bfpup fpof;F 7. ,e;jpahtpd; jy Neuj;ij fzf;fpLk; jPu;f;f Nuif nry;Yk; top - myfhghj; 8. mbg;gil jpirfs; - ehd;F 9. 1 f.nr.kP. kz; cUthf MFk;fhyk; - 1000 Mz;Lfs; 10.,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; Kf;fpa kz; tifg;gpupTfs; - 5 11. MW flYld; fyf;Fk; ,lk; - fopKfk;. 12. Mw;Wr; rkntsp kw;Wk; flw;fiur; rkntspfspy; fhzg;gLk; kz; - tz;ly; kz;. 13. fUg;G epwKila kz; - fupry; kz;. 14. ,e;jpahtpd; muprpf; fpz;zk; vdg;gLtJ - Mw;Wr; rkntspfs;. 15. <uj;ij gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kz; - fupry; kz;. 16. jf;fhzj;jpy; yhth gFjpapy; fhzg;gLtJ - fupry; kz; 17. nufu; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - fupry; kz;.
6

18. ,e;jpa epyg;gug;gpy; tz;ly; kz; msT - 24% 19. kz; mupg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;jpa epyg;gug;G - 20% 20. kz; mupkhdk; Vw;glf; fhuzk; - fhw;W> kio> nts;sk; 21. twl;rpj; jhtuq;fs; tsUk; kz; - ghiy kz; 22. kiyr; rupTfspy; fhzg;gLk; kz; - ruiz kz; 23. Njhl;lg; gapu;fs; tsu;r;rpf;F Vw;w kz; - ruis kz; 24 Ntu;f;fliy tsu Vw;w kz; - nrk;kz; 25. nrk;kz;zpy; fhzg;gLtJ - ,Uk;G 26. gUj;jp tpisa Vw;w kz; - fupry; kz;. 27. rptg;G epwkhf cs;s kz; - nrk;kz; 28. jhf;fhzj;jpd; yhth gFjpapy; fhzg;gLtJ 30. cyfj;jpd; ru;f;fiuf; fpz;zk; - fpA+gh 31. cyfj;jpy; kpf mjpfk; tpw;gidahFk; nghUs; - fhgp 32. vfpg;jpd; nts;isj; jq;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - gUj;jp 33. ghiytdf; fg;gy; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - xl;lfk; 34. <r;r kuq;fs; tsUk; kz; -ghiy kz; 35. Mz;L KOtJk; gRikahf fhzg;gLk; fhLfs; - gRik khwhf; fhLfs; 36. cauKk; typikAk; kpf;f fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - gRik khwhf; fhLfs; 37. me;jkhd; epNfhghu; jPTfspy; fhzg;gLk; fhLfs; - gRik khwhf; fhLfs; 38. kur; rhkhd;fs; nra;ag; gad;gLk; kuq;fs; cs;s fhLfs; - ,iyAjpu; fhLfs; 39. Re;jup ku tiffs; fhzg;gLk; kuq;fs; cs;s fhLfs; - rJg;G epyf; fhLfs; 40. Mw;wpd; fopKfg; gFjpapy; tsUk; fhLfs; - rJg;G epyf;fhLfs; 41. gUtf; fhw;Wf; fhLfspl;d NtW ngau; - ,iyAjpu; fhLfs; 42. khq;FNuht; fhLfspd; NtW ngau; - rJg;Gepyf;fhLfs; 43. $k;G tbtpyhd kuq;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - kiyf;fhLfs; 44. Crpapiyf; fhLfspd; NtW ngau; - kiyf; fhLfs; 45. jkpo;ehl;by; Crpapiyf; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; 33% 47. ek; ehl;bd; fhLfspd; gug;gsT rjtPjk; - 19.39% 48. tiug;glj;jpd; gr;ir epwk; Fwpg;gJ - rkntspfs;
7

- ruis kz;

29. <uj;ij gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kz; - fupry; kz;

- godp

46. xU ehl;bd; ,aw;if tsk; rPuhf mika ,Uf;f Ntz;ba fhLfs; rjtPjk; -

49. tiug;glj;jpy; kQ;rs; epwk; Fwpg;gJ - gPlG+kpfs; 50. rpq;fq;fSf;fhd ruzhyak; mike;Js;s ,lk; - fpu;ghLfs; 1. ,e;jpahtpd; gug;gstpy; jkpo;ehl;bd; rjtPjk; - 4 rjtPjk; 2. ,e;jpa khepyq;fspd; gug;gstpy; jkpo;ehl;bd; epiy - 11tJ epiy 3. jkpo;ehl;bd; miktplk; ,e;jpahtpd; njd;Nfhb 4. cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w [y;ypf;fl;L eilngWk; ,lk; - myq;fhey;Y}u; 5. jpUts;Stu; jpdk; - ij khjk; 3k; ehs; 6. Foe;ijfs; jpdk; - etk;gu; 14 7. Mrpupau; jpdk; - nrg;lk;gu; 5 8. Gtp jpdk; - Vg;uy; 22 9. kio ePiug; Nghw;wp topgLk; tpoh - Mbg;ngUf;F 10. Mb khjk; 18k; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ - Mbg;ngUf;F 11. rNfhjuj;Jt czu;it Nkk;gLj;Jk; tpoh - uf;\h ge;jd; 12.tz;zg; nghbfs; J}tp kfpo;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;JtJ - N`hyp 13. NfhJik mWtilj; jpUtpoh - N`hyp 14. NfhJik mWtilf; fhyk; eilngWk; khjk; - gq;Fdp 15. jpUNthzj;ij Kd;dpl;L eilngWk; Nghl;b - glFg; Nghl;b 16. nghq;fy; gz;bif Kd;dpl;L jkpofj;jpy; eilngWk; tPu tpisahl;L [y;ypf;fl;L 17. Nfushtpd; mWtilj; jpUehs; - Xzk; gz;bif 18. khu;fop khjj;jpd; filrp ehs; - Nghfpg; gz;bif 19. itfhrp khjk; ngsu;zkp ehs; - Gj;j ngsu;zkp 20. ,NaR fpwp];J gpwe;j jpdk; - brk;gu; 25 21. nfhil klk; vd;gJ - epidj;jTld;> Nahrpf;fhky; nfhil toq;FtJ 22. ghupapd; kfspu; - mq;fit> rq;fit 23. jkpo; tuyhw;wpy; nghw;fhyk; vdg;gLtJ - rq;ffhyk; 24 mjpakhdpd; mitg;Gytu; - xsitahu; 25. jf^iu Ml;rp nra;jtu; - mjpakhd; 26. mjpakhd; kPJ gilnaLf;f Kaw;rp nra;jtu; - njhz;ilkhd; 27. njhz;ilkhdplk; J}J nrd;wtu; - xsitahu; 28. filNaO ts;sy;fspd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf; $WtJ - rpWghzhw;Wg;gil 29. Ky;iyf;Fj; Nju; nfhLj;jtu; - ghup
8

30. kapYf;Fg; Nghu;it toq;fpatu; - Ngfd; 31. xsitf;F ney;ypf; fzpia nfhLj;jtu; - mjpakhd; 32. rptDf;F mupa Mil toq;fpatu; - Ma; mz;bud; 33. nfhy;ypkiy $j;ju;fSf;F jd; ehl;ilNa guprhf toq;fpatu; - ty;tpy; Xup 34. ,utyUf;F jdJ FjpiuiaAk; ehl;ilAk; toq;fpatu; - jpUKbf;fhup 35. fhl;bYk; jd;id ehb te;jtu;fSf;F cjtpatu; - ey;ypaf; Nfhld; 36. nkf];jdprpd; fhyk; - fp.gp. 350 - 290 37. nkf];jdp]; ve;j ehl;il rhu;e;jtu; - fpNuf;f ehL 38. nkf];jdp]; ahUila muritf;F te;jhu; -re;jpu Fg;j nksupau; 39. nkf];jdp]; vOjpa Gj;jfk; - ,z;bfh 40. nkf];jdp]; ,e;jpahtpy; jq;fp ,Ue;j ,lk; - ghlypGj;jpuk; 41. nkf];jdp]; ahUila J}Jtuhf ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;jhu; - nry;A+f]; epNfl;lu; 42. rq;f fhyg; ghz;baupd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; kJiuf;F te;jtu; - nkf];jdp]; 43. ghfpahdpd; nrhe;j ehL - rPdh 44. ghfpahdpd; fhyk; - fp.gp. 422 - 437 45. ghfpahd; ahUila fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpw;F tUif Gupe;jhu; - ,uz;lhk; re;jpu Fg;ju; 46. khu;f;Nfh NghNyhtpd; nrhe;j ehL - ,j;jhyp 47. ,gpd; gJjh ahUila Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jhu; - Jf;sf; tk;r fhyk; 48. ,gpd; gJjhtpd; nrhe;j ehL - nkhuhf;Nfh 49. ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j Kjy; ,Ryhkpag; gazp - ,gpd; gJjh 50. Athd; Rthq; fy;tp fw;w ,lk; - ehse;jh 1. ghz;ba ehl;bd; gQ;rj;ij Fwpg;gpl;ltu; - Athd; rpthq; 2. rpA+f;fp vdg;gLk; gaz E}iy vOjpatu; - Athd; rpthq; 3. njd;dpe;jpahtpy; gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; fhQ;rpGuk; te;jtu; - Athd; rpthq; 4. Athd; rpthq; ,e;jpahtpy; jq;fpapUe;j fhyk; - 12 Mz;Lfs; 5. Athd; rpthq; ,e;jpahtpw;F tUif je;j Mz;L - fp.gp. 603 - 664 6. Athd; rpthq;fpd; nrhe;j ehL - rPdh 7. Athd; rpthq; ahUila Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpw;F tUif Gupe;jhu; - `u;\u; 8. ,gpd; gJjhtpd; fhyk; - fp.gp. 1304 -1368 9. khu;f;NfhNghy rPdhtpy; ahUila muritapy; gzp Gupe;jhu; - Fg;yha;fhd;
9

10. khu;f;NfhNghNyhtpd; fhyk; -

fp.gp. 1254 - 1324

11. kpypnahd; - 2 vd;w gaz E}y; vOjpatu; - khu;f;NfhNghNyh 12. ghu;jNyhkpah la]; ahuplk; gzpGupe;jhu; - Nghu;j;Jf;fPrpa kd;du; ,uz;lhk; [hd; 13. Gay; Kid vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ - Mg;upf;fhtpd; njd; Kid 14. Mg;upf;fhtpd; njd; Kidf;F Gay; Kid vd;W ngaupl;ltu; - khu;f;NfhNghNyh la]; 15. Gay; Kidf;F ed;dk;gpf;if Kid vd;W ngaupl;ltu;-Nghj;Jf;fPrpa kd;du; ,uz;lhk; [hd; 16. nkfy;ydpd; nrhe;j ehL - Nghu;r;Rfy; 17. flw;gazk; nra;J Kjd; Kjypy; cyfj;ijr; Rw;wp te;jtu; - nkfy;yd; 18. nkfy;yd; ePu;r;re;jp vd;W miof;fg;gl;l ,lk; - njd; mnkupf;fhtpd; njd; Kid 19. cyfg; gazk; nra;j Kjy; fg;gy; - tpf;Nlhupah 20. ,dq;fspd; %yk; vd;w Gj;jfj;ij ntspapl;ltu; - rhu;y]; lhu;tpd; 21. rhu;y]; lhu;tpd; gazk; nra;j fg;gy; - gPfps; 22. ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; Kjy; tiug;glj;jpid tiue;jtu; - jhykp 23. mnkupf;fhit fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - nt];Gfp 24. Nkw;F ,e;jpaj; jPTfis fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - nfhyk;g]; 25. nfhyk;g]; gazk; nra;j fg;gypd; ngau; - rhe;jh khupah 26. nfhyk;grpd; nrhe;j ehL - ,j;jhyp 27. Kjd; Kjyhf tiug;glj;jpid gad;ghl;bw;F nfhz;L te;jtu; - nkfy;yd; 28. cyfk; cUz;il vd ahUila gazk; %yk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ - nkfy;yd; 29. mikjpg; ngUq;fly; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ - gRgpf; ngUq;fly; 30. INuhg;gpahtpw;Fk; ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,ilNa fly; topia fz;Lgpbj;jtu; th];Nfhlfhkh 31. th];Nfhlfhkh ,e;jpahtpw;F te;j Mz;L - 20.05.1498 32. th];Nfhlfhkh Kjd; Kjypy; te;jile;j ,lk; - fs;spf;Nfhl;il 33. G+kpapd; cs; mikg;ig vj;jid tiuahf gpupf;fyhk; - ehd;F 34. neGyhf;fs; vd;gJ - ngU ntbg;G nfhs;ifapy; Vw;gl;l tpz; Jfs; $l;lq;fs; 35. G+kpf;Fk; R+upaDf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhiyT - 93 kpy;ypad; iky;fs; 36. G+kpapy; Nkw;gug;gpy; fhzg;gLk; epyg;gFjp - epyf;Nfhsk; 37. fhw;W kz;lyk; epiyahf ,Uf;ff; fhuzk; - Gtp <u;g;G tpir 38. G+kpapy; epyk;> ePu;> fhw;W %d;Wk; ,izAk; gFjp - capu;Nfhsk;
10

39. fz;lg; gyiffspd; kPJ mike;j fz;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 7 40. G+kp cUthd NghJ xd;whf ,Ue;j ghd;[pah gpupe;J cUthdJ - fz;lg; gyiffs; 1. cyfpd; kpfg;goikahd Gfo;ngw;w Nfhl;il - uhl;yd; 2. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; kUj;Jtkid Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;ilapy; Jtq;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1664 3. cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa Nfhl;il muz;kid - tpz;l;ru; 4. fhw;wpy; %q;fpy;fs; mirthy; Vw;gl;l ,irf; fUtp - Gy;yhq;Foy; 5. je;jp fUtpfs; vd;gJ - euk;Gf; fUtpfs; 6. nfhl;L thj;jpaq;fs; vd;gJ - Njhy; fUtpfs; 7. fQ;rf; fUtpfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - fdf; fUtpfs; 8. aho;> tPiz> jk;Guh Nghd;wit - euk;Gf; fUtpfs; 9. Gy;yhq;Foy;> ehj];tuk;> Nghd;wit - Jisf; fUtpfs; 10. giw> jtpy;> kpUjq;fk; Nghd;wit - Njhy; fUtpfs; 11. [hy;uh> [yjuq;fk; Nghd;wit - fdf;fUtpfs; 12. Gy;yhq;Foypy; cs;s Jisfs; - 9 13. ehj];tuj;jpy; cs;s rPthspapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,iy - G+turk; ,iy 14. jtpy; nra;a gad;gLtJ - khkuk; 15. fu;ehlf ,irf; fUtpapy; kpfTk; njhd;ikahdJ - tPiz 16. ru;tNjr ,ir jpdk; - [{d; 21 17. nrq;Nfhl;L aho; vdg;gLtJ - 7 euk;Gfs; 18. rNfhlaho; vdg;gLtJ - 16 euk;Gfs; 19. kfu aho; vdg;gLtJ - 17 euk;Gfs; 20. Ngupaho; vdg;gLtJ - 21 euk;Gfs; 21. R+iu Nfhl;giw vd;gJ ve;j epyg;gug;gpw;F cupaJ - ghiy 22. kPd; Nfhl;ghiw vd;gJ ve;j epyg;gug;gpw;F cupaJ - nea;jy; 23. kz KbT vd;gJ ve;j epyg;gug;gpw;F cupaJ - kUjk; 24. VWNfhl; giw ve;j epyg;gug;gpw;F cupaJ - Ky;iy 25. njhz;lfg; giw ve;j epyg;gug;gpw;F cupaJ - FwpQ;rp 26. jkpo; nkhopapd; gpupTfs; - ,aw;jkpo;> ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj; jkpo; 27. jkpo; nkhop vj;jid gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ - %d;W 28. Nfhd]h];j;uh vd;gJ - cjf kz;lyj;jpy; goq;Fbapdu;fspd; nja;t topghL
11

29. ge;J vd;gJ - cjf kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s goq;Fbapd FLk;gq;fspd; $l;lk; 30. ePyfpupapy; thOk; goq;Fbapdu; - Njhlu;fs; 31. jPf;up\p vd;gJ - 255 kz;lyj;jpy; goq;Fbapdu;fspd; Nfhtpy; 32. kdpjdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l Kjy; tptrhaf; fUtp - Vu; 33. ed;Nfhs; vd;gJ - Vu; 34. jpUney;Ntyp mike;Js;s ejpf;fiu - jhkpuguzp 35. tpz;kPd;fs; tho;f;if fhyj;ij gw;wp Muha;e;jtu; - v];. re;jpuNrfud; 36. mZrfjp gw;wp Muha;e;jtu; - N`hkpghgh 37. VTfiz njhopy;El;gk; gw;wp Muha;e;jtu; - mg;Jy;fyhk; 38. kugZ gw;wp Muha;e;jtu; - ntq;fl;uhkd; uhkfpU\;zd; 39. ,e;jpa jhtutpay; Jiw epGzu; tpQ;Qhdp - [hdfp mk;khs; 40. typg;G Neha;f;fhd kUe;jpid fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - lhf;lu; M]pkh Nrl;lu;[p 41. ik mopg;ghd; (itl;du;) fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - ng];]p ne];kpj; 42. fzpg;nghwp nkhopia (Nfhghy;) fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - fpNu]; Nfhg;gu; 43. kpd; tpsf;F> jpiug;glk; Nghd;wit fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - jhk]; My;th vbrd; 44. ePuhtp ,ae;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - N[k;]; thl; 45. thndhypia fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - khu;Nfhyp 46. njhiyf;fhl;rpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - [hd; ngau;L 47. ghuhR+l; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - V.n[. n[kdpd; 48. gy; Jyf;fpia (^j; gpu\;) fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - tpy;ypak; ml;b]; 49. [pk; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - N[. [l;rd; 50. ngd;rpiyf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - vd;.Nf. fhz;Nlh 1. FlNthiy Kiwia Vw;gLj;jpatu;fs; - Nrhou;fs; 2. FlNthiy Kiwia gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; fy;ntl;L - cj;jpuNk\&u; fy;ntl;L 3. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 7 4. cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; ngz;fspd; ,l xJf;fPL - 1/3 ghfk; 5. khefuhl;rpapd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhif - 10 yl;rj;jpw;F Nky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 6. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;shl;rp mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jpatu; - upg;gd; gpuG 7. fpuhk cs;shl;rpapy; cs;s mLf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if - %d;W 8. kf;fshl;rpf;F mbj;jskhf ,Ug;gJ - fpuhk rig
12

9. ,uz;L khtl;lq;fs; kl;LNk cs;s kj;jpa murpd; Neub Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l gFjpfs; me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghu; jPTfs; 10. Cuhl;rp kd;wj;jpy; thu;L cWg;gpdu;fspd; gjtpf; fhyk; 11. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s khefuhl;rpfspd; vz;zpf;if - 10 12. jdp murpay; mikg;G nfhz;l ,e;jpa khepyk; - [k;K kw;Wk; fh\;kPu; 13. ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j rl;lkd;w njhFjpfspd; vz;zpf;if - 4052 14. kpahd;ku; vd;w ehl;bd; gioa ngau; - gu;kh 15. ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;gpw;F Kfg;Giu toq;fpatu; - [t`u;yhy; NeU 16. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; FbauRj; jiytu; - ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; 17. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; Jizf; FbauRj; jiytu; lhf;lu; ,uhjhfpU\;zd; 18. ,e;jpahtpd; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl;l Kjy; ngz;kzp - fky;Njtp rl;Nlhghj;jpah 19.,e;jpahtpy; Nju;jypy; Kjd; Kjypy; ngz;fs; thf;fspj;j MzL - 1950 20. ngz;fs; ehlhSkd;wj;Jf;F Kjd; Kjypy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1952 21. rhu;f; vd;gjd; tpupthffk; - njw;fhrpa ehLfspd; kz;lyf; $l;likg;G 22. Nfhl;ilfs; mjpfk; cs;s ehL - nrf;Nfh];NyhNtfpah 23. fd;dpkhuh E}yfk; Kjd; Kjypy; Jtf;fg;gl;l ,lk; - Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;il 24. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; etPd E}yfk; - fd;dpkhuh E}yfk; 25. rpg;gha; fyfk; Vw;gl;l ehs; - 10.07.1806 26. NtY}u; Nfhl;ilia fl;ba rpw;gp - gj;upfhrp ,khk; 27. ,j;jhypapd; ,uhZtf; Nfhl;il tbtikg;gpy; mike;Js;s Nfhl;il - NtY}u; Nfhl;il 28. NtY}u; Nfhl;ilia fl;batu;- rpd;d nghk;kd; ehaf;fd; 29. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf cau;e;j nfhbf;fk;gk; mike;Js;s ,lk; - Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;il 30. Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;ilia fl;l Mq;fpNyaUf;F ,lk; mspj;jtu; - nrd;dpag;g ehaf;fu; 31. Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;ilia fl;batu; - ru; gpuhd;rp]; Nl 32. Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;il fl;lg;gl;l Mz;L - 1639 33. NtY}u; Gul;rpapd; 200tJ Mz;L jpdk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;l Mz;L - 2006 34. juq;fk;ghb Nfhl;iliaf; fl;batu;fs;-nld;khu;f; ehl;ltu; 35. mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij jkpo;ehl;by; mwpKfk; nra;jtu; - rPfd;ghy;F 36. juq;fk;ghb Nfhl;il fl;lg;gl;l Mz;L - 1620 37. Gdpj [hu;[; Nfhl;il mike;Js;s ,lk; - nrd;id
13

- 5 Mz;Lfs;

38. rpq;fGu ehL vd;W miof;fg;gl;l gFjp - nrQ;[p 39. Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpfspy; rptg;G Kf;Nfhzk; Fwpg;gpLtJ - nry;yhNj 40. Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpfspy; ePyr; nrt;tfk; Fwpg;gpLtJ - jfty; rpd;dq;fs; 41. fpof;fpd; l;uha; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l Nfhl;il - nrQ;rpf; Nfhl;il 42. NghypNah nrhl;L kUe;J Foe;ijfSf;F vj;jid taJ tiu ju Ntz;Lk; - 5 43. nrQ;rpf; Nfhl;il mike;Js; kiy - fpU\;zfpup 44. jkpo;ehl;bd; nkhj;j khtl;lq;fs; - 32 45. jkpo;ehl;by; FwpQ;rp kyu; vq;F kyu;fpwJ - ePyfpup kiy 46. jkpo;ehl;bd; flNyhu khtl;lq;fs; - flY}u;> GJf;Nfhl;il> ehfg;gl;bdk; 47. Nkfhyahtpd; jiyefuk; - \py;yhq; 48. ghk;gd; ghyk; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - ,uhkehjGuk; 49. ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;ngupa mizf;fl;L - gf;uh eq;fy; 50. $e;jd;Fsk; gwitfs; ruzhyak; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp

,uz;lhk; jhs; - r%f mwptpay;

ghzu; vOjpa E}y; - `u;\rupjk; rhSf;fpaupd; G+u;tPfk; - mNahj;jp rhSf;fpa kuigj; Njhw;Wtpj;jtu; - Kjyhk; GypNfrp. mRtNkj ahfj;ij elj;jpatu; ahu; - Kjyhk; GypNfrp. `u;\tu;j;jdiu Njhw;fbj;j rpwg;Gkpf;f kd;dupd; ngau; - ,uz;lhk; GypNfrp. tdthrpiaf; ifg;gw;wpa kd;du; ahu; - ,uz;lhk; GypNfrp. gy;yt GypNfrp. ,uz;lhk; GypNfrp ve;j kd;dUld; J}juf cwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu; ghurPf kd;du; F];ut;. ,uz;lhk; GypNfrpia Njhw;fbj;jtu; ahu; - gy;yt kd;du; Kjyhk; kNfe;jpu tu;kdpd; kfdhfpa eurpk;k tu;k gy;ytd;. gy;yt murpid cUthf;fpatu; - rpk;k tu;kd;. fhQ;rpapy; gy;ytg; Nguurpid epu;khzpj;J mq;fpUe;J Ml;rp mjpfhuk; nrYj;jpatu; ahu; - rpk;k tp\;Z. murpd; Kjyhk; kNfe;jputu;kid Njhw;fbj;jtu; ahu; ,uz;lhk;

14

 kj;jtpyhrd;> tprpj;jpu rpj;jd; kw;Wk; Fzgj;jpud; vd;w gy;NtW gl;lq;fspy; miof;fg;gl;l murd; - Kjyhk; kNfe;jputu;kd;. tpyhr gpurdk;> gftj; m[;fPak; Nghd;w E}y;fis vOjpatu; Kjyhk; kNfe;jputu;kd;. khky;yd; vd;W nry;ykhf miof;fg;gl;l kd;dd; ahu; - eurpk;ktu;kd;. thjhgp nfhz;lhd; vd;w gl;lk; ngw;w kd;du; - eurpk;ktu;kd;. khky;yGuk; Kf;fpa JiwKfkhf ,Ue;jJ> ve;j kd;dupd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; eurpk;ktu;kd;. jz;b vd;gtu; ve;j muruitapy; Gytuhf ,Ue;jhu; - ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktu;kd; mikr;ruitapy; ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktu;kdpd; kw;nwhU ngau; - uh[rpk;kd;. fhQ;rpapy; ifyhrehju; jpUf;Nfhapiy vOg;gpatu; - ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktu;kd;. khky;yGuj;jpy; flw;fiu Nfhapiyf; fl;batu; ahu; - ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktu;kd;. rq;f fhyj;jpd; ,Wjp Nrho kd;ddpd; ngau; - Nfhr;nrq;fl; Nrhod; fizf;fhy; ,Uk;nghiwia ntd;wtu; ngau; - Nfhr;nrq;fl; Nrhod;. epUgJq;fd;> mguh[pjd;> fk;gtu;kd; MfpNahu;Nahupd; ike;ju;fs; - ,uz;lhk; eurpk;ktu;kd;. gy;yt murd; mguh[pjidf; nfhd;W njhz;il kz;lyj;ij ifg;gw;wpatu; ngau; - Kjyhk; Mjpj;ad;. ,uz;lhk; guhe;jfd; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l kd;du; ahu; - Re;ju Nrhod;. Re;ju Nrhodpd; kidtpapd; ngau; - thdtd; khNjtp. ghz;ba Uyhrpdp> epj;a tpNehjfd;> epfpupyp Nrhod;> rptghj Nrfud;> nraq;nfhz;l Nrhod; Kk;Kbr;Nrhod; vd gl;lq;fs; ngw;w murdpd; ngau; uh[uh[ Nrhod;. Nrhhou;fspd; rpq;fs ntw;wpapid ve;j E}ypy; fhzyhk; - kfhtk;rk; vd;w ngsj;j E}ypy; ghgupd; je;ijahu; ngau; - cku; Nrf; kpu;]h ghgupd; ,aw;ngau; vd;d - rhfpUj;jPd; Kfk;kJ ghgu;. ghgu; vOjpa Rarupijapd; ngau; : JRf; - , - ghgup (,J JUf;fp nkhopapy; ntspahdJ)
15

 kj;jpa Mrpahtpy; ,Ue;J ghgu; mioj;J te;j Nghu; tPuu;fspd; ngau;fs; vd;d? - c];jhj; myp kw;Wk; K];jgh myp. {`khA+d; jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ fl;ba Nfhl;ilfs; - jPd;ghdh kw;Wk; [hkp k];[Pj;. mf;gUf;F ghJfhtyuhfTk;> gilj;jsgjpahfTk; ,Ue;jtu; ngau; - iguhk;fhd;. mf;gupd; gilj; jsgjpapd; ngau; - uh[h khd;rpq;. mf;gu; Ml;rpapy; ehl;bd; epyr; rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fis Vw;gLj;jpatu; ngau; - uh[h Njhlu;khy;. mf;gupd; kpfg;ngupa rPu;j;jpUj;j Kiwf;F vd;d ngau; - kd;rg;jhup Kiw. E}u;[`hdpd; kw;nwhU ngau; - nkfUd;dp]h. Kjyhk; ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1767 - 1769. ,uz;lhk; ikR+u; Nghu; ve;jgpuG Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ eilngw;wJ thud;N`];bq;]; gpuG. %d;whk; ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1790 - 1792. ehd;fhk; ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w NghJ Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;j gpuGtpd; ngau; nty;y];yp gpuG. milahw;Wg; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1746. ,uz;lhtJ fu;ehlfg;Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1749 - 1754. Kjyhk; fu;ehlfg; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1746 - 1748. Mjprq;fuu; gpwe;j Cu; - Nfus khepyj;jpy; cs;s fhyb. Mjprq;fuu; vjd; topiag; gpd;gw;wpdhu; - Qhd khu;f;fk;. Mjprq;fuupd; kw;nwhU ngau; - gpurd;d Gj;jpuu;. gj;upehj;> Mjprq;fuu;. N[hjp\ gPlk;> Nfhtu;jd gPlk;> rhujh gPlk;> rpUq;Nfup gPlk; ,e;j ehd;F gPlq;fSk; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ - Mjprq;fuu;. tp\;Ztpd; gf;ju; ngau; - kj;thr;rhupau;. kj;thr;rhupaupd; rpj;jhe;jk; vg;gb miof;fg;gl;lJ - Jitjk;. kj;thr;rhupau; ,aw;wpa E}ypd; ngau; - gpuk;k R+j;jpuk;. uhkhD[u; gpwe;j Cupd; ngau; - jkpofj;jpy; =ngUk;GJ}u;.
16

Jthufh>

G+up

kw;Wk;

rpUq;Nfup

vd;gJ

ahUila

klq;fs;

 fpU\;ziu tzq;Ftjpd; %yNk Nkhl;rj;ij mila KbAk; vd;W $wpatu; epk;ghu;f;frhupahu;. gpuk;k R+j;jpuj;jpw;F ciu vOjpatu; ngau; - epk;ghu;f;frhupahu;. fgPu;> utpjh];> gpgh> jdh>Nrdh MfpNahu; ahUila rPlu;fs; - uhkee;ju;. tl ,e;jpahtpd; gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; Kjy; rPu;jpUj;jthjp ahu; - uhkee;ju;. my;yh vd;whYk; `up vd;whYk; xd;Nw vd typAWj;jpatu; - fgPu;. gf;jp khu;f;fj;jpd; %yNk gpuk;kj;Jld; ,iza KbAk; vd;W typAWj;jpatu; ty;yghr;rhupahu;. rj;rhupf R+j;jpuk;> kj;akpfh Gj;j rupjk;> rupGj;u R+j;jpuk;> gpu[;dgupkpj R+j;jpu rh];jpuk; Mfpa R+j;jpu myq;fhuk; E}y;fis vOjpatu; E}y;fis vOjpatu; - ehfhu;r;Rdu;. gpufhud;> m];tNfh\u;. Fkhurk;gtk;> rhFe;jyk;> tpf;uk Cu;trpak;> NkfJ}jk;> uFtk;rk;> khstpfhf;dp kpj;uk; Nghd;w E}y;fis vOjpatu; - fhspjhru;. ehfhee;jk;> uj;dhtsp> gpupaju;\pfh Nghd;w E}y;fis vOjpau; - `u;\tu;j;jdu;. `u;\ rupjk;> fhjk;gup E}y;fis vOjpatu; - ghzgl;lu;. kfhtPu rupjk;> cj;ju; uhk rupjk; E}y;fis vOjpatu; - gtG+jp. m`kjpah ,af;fj;ij guPj; Nfhl;by; epWtpau; ngau; - kPu;]h fyhk; m`kJ. Njt rkh[j;ij yh$upy; epWtpatu; ngau; gpuk;k rkh[k; Njhd;wpa Mz;L - 1828 ehk;jhup ,af;fk; Njhd;wpa Mz;L - 1841 gpuhu;j;jdh rkh[k; Njhd;wpa Mz;L - 1867. jpahrgpfy; nrhirl;b my;yJ gpuk;k Qhdrig nrd;idapy; Njhd;wpa Mz;L 1893. ,e;J rkaj;ijr; Nru;e;j kf;fspd; FiwfisAk; Jd;gq;fisAk; Kfk;kjpau;fs; jq;fspd; Ra eyj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jp nfhz;l rjpj;jpl;lNk rpg;gha; fyfk; vd;W $wpa tuyhw;W mwpQu; - N[k;]; mTj;uhk;. rpg;gha; fyfj;ij ,d ntwpf;F vjpuhd Nghu; vd;W Koq;fpa tuyhw;W mwpQu; - nkl;yp. - rpt;ehuhaz; mf;dp N`hj;up.

17

 ehl;Lg;gw;ww;w - ru; [hd; rPyp.

Raeykpf;f

rpg;gha;fspd;

fytuNk

,J.

mjw;F

RNjr

jiyikNah nghJkf;fs; MjuNth fpilahJ vd;W Koq;fpa tuyhw;W mwpQu; rpg;gha; fyfj;ij Kjy; ,e;jpag; Nghu; vd;W tu;zpj;j tuyhw;W mwpQu; tp.b.rtu;fhu;. rpg;gha; fyfj;ij ,J xU gilf;fyfNk jtpu Mq;fpy Ml;rpia xopf;f Ntz;Lnkd njhlq;fg;gl;lJ md;W vd;Wk; ,jw;F Jg;ghf;fspy; nfhOg;G jltg;gl;l Njhl;lhf;fs; xU tha;g;ghf gad;gl;lJ vd;Wk; $wpa tuyhw;W mwpQu; - ru;[hd; yhud;];. jhjhgha; nesNuh[p> vk;.[p.uhdNl> RNue;jpuehj; ghdu;[p> gj;UjPd; ijahg;[p> Nfhghy fpU\;z NfhfNy> jPd; \h thr;rh ,tu;fs; ahu; - kpjthjpfspy; Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. guPe;jpu Fkhu; Nfh\;> [jPe;jpuehj; ghdu;[p kw;Wk; gpuNkhjh kpj;juhy; 1902Mk; Mz;L fy;fj;jhtpy; Gypd;jh]; vd;gtuhy; njhlq;fg;gl mikg;gpd; ngau; mDrPyd; rkpjp. rtu;fhu; rNfhjuu;fshy; 1899Mk; Mz;L kfuh\;buj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l mikg;gpd; ngau; - kpj;u Nksh. `u;jahs; kw;Wk; Nrhfd; rpq; gj;dh MfpNahu; 1917Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fpa mikg;gpd; ngau; - fhju; ,af;fk;. ahUila MNyhridapd; ngaupy; fhe;jp ,e;jpah KOtJk; Rw;Wg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhu; - NfhghyfpU\;z NfhfNy. fhe;jp Kjd; Kjypy; m`pk;ir kw;Wk; rj;jpak; Mfpatw;iw ahuplk; ,Ue;J fw;Wf;nfhz;lhu; - uh[;re;jpu uht;[pghaplk;. rk;guhd; rj;jpahfpufk; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1917. m`kjhghj; Ntiy epWj;jk; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1918. Kjy; cyfg;Nghu; Kbe;jTld; ,e;jpaj; jPtputhj ,af;fj;ijAk;> gaq;fug; Gul;rpthjpfisAk; mlf;Fk; nghUl;L ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;jpd; ngau; - nusyl; rl;lk;. fUg;Gr; rl;lk;> rhj;jhd; rl;lk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l rl;lj;jpd; ngau; - nusyl; rl;lk;.
18

 nrsfj; myp vd;w myp rNfhjuu;fs; 1920Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fpa ,af;fj;jpd; ngau; - fpyhgj; ,af;fk;. Kjy; tl;lNki[ khehL eilngw;w Mz;L - yz;ldpy; 1930etk;gu; 12Kjy; 1931[dtup 19tiu eilngw;wJ. 1772Mk; Mz;L tq;fhs MSeuhf epakpf;fg;gl;ltu; - thud; N`];bq;];. ,ul;il Ml;rp Kiwia KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jtu; - thud; N`];bq;];. 1784Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;l Vrpahbf; nrhi]l;b M/g; ngq;fhy; ahuhy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ - tpy;ypak; N[hd];. fy;fj;jhtpy; cr;rePjpkd;wk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Gjpjpy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Kjy; jiyik ePjpgjpapd; ngau; - vyp[h ,k;Ng. Mq;fpy ,e;jpahtpd; jiyefuhf tpsq;fpa efuk; vJ - fy;fj;jh. cupikapay; Nky; KiwaPl;L kd;wj;jpd; ngau; - rhju; jpthdp mjhyj; Fw;wtpay; Nky; KiwaPl;L ePjp kd;wj;jpd; ngau; - rhju; ep]hkj; mjhyj;. Nuhfpy;fz;ilf; ifg;gw;w mNahj;jp ethg;Gf;F Mjuthf Mq;fpNyau; <Lgl;l Nghupd; ngau; - Nuhfpy;yhg; Nghu; ; eilngw;w Mz;L 1774. Kjyhk; Mq;fpNya kuhj;jpag; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1775 - 1782. ,uz;lhk; Mq;fpy ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1780 - 1784. %d;whtJ Mq;fpy ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1790 - 1792. rptpy; ru;tP]; Kiw ahu; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ - fhud; thyp]; gpuG fhyj;jpy;. ePjpj;Jiw rPu;jpUj;jk; kw;Wk; rptpy; ru;tP]; Jiwfspd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gLgtu; - fhud; thyp]; gpuG. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjypy; fhty; Jiw ahUila fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ - fhud; thyp]; gpuG fhyj;jpy;. jPaizg;gilj; jpl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L - 1798. jPaizg;Gg; gilj; jpl;lk; ahu; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ - nty;ny];yp gpuG. Kjd; Kjypy; Jizg;gilj; jpl;lj;ij Vw;wtu; - i`juhghj; ep[hk; (1798) ehd;fhtJ Mq;fpy ikR+u; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1799. Ngrpd; xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jhd Mz;L - 1802.
19

 1809Mk;

Mz;L

uQ;rpj;

rpq;Fld;

mkpu;jru];

xg;ge;jk;

ahu;

fhyj;jpy;

epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ - Kjyhk; kpd;Nlh gpuG. gl;lar; rl;lk; ve;j Mz;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ - 1813. gl;lar; rl;lk; ahu; fhyj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ - Kjyhk; kpd;Nlh gpuG. Mq;fpy Neghs Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1814 - 1816. kuhl;ba gFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;L xUq;fpize;j gk;gha; khfhzk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1818. 1817Mk; Mz;L rpe;jpah xg;ge;jk; ahu; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ N`];bq;]; gpuG. nrd;id khfhzj;jpy; uapj;Jthup Kiw ahu; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;g l;lJ - ru; jhk]; kd;Nwh ftu;duhf ,Ue;jNghJ. Kjyhk; gu;kpag; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1824 - 1826. guj;G+u; ,izf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1826. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; ftu;du; n[duy; ahu; - tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG. etPd Nkw;fj;jpa fy;tpapd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; ahu; - tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG. rjp xopf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1829. ePjpkd;w nkhopahd ghurpfj;ij xopj;J me;je;j khepyq;fspd; nkhopia ePjpkd;w nkhopahf;fpa ngUik ahiur; rhUk; - tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG. Mq;fpyk; Ml;rp nkhopahfTk;> gapw;W nkhopahfTk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L - 1835> khu;r; 17Mk; ehs;. Mf;uh khfhzk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1834. rka khWjy; nra;ag;gl;ltu;fSf;F nrhj;jpy; cupik nra;a rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ ahUil Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; - tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG. nkf;fhNy kpdpl;]; vd;W Gfo;ngw;w fy;tpr; rPu;jpUj;jk; ahUila fhyj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ - tpy;ypak; ngd;bq; gpuG. Kjy; Mg;fhdpa Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1836 - 1842. ahUila Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; gj;jpupif Rje;jpur; rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ nkl;fhg; gpuG. Kjy; rPf;fpag; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1845 - 1846.
20

 ngz; rpR tij jLg;Gr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; capu; gyp jilr; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;l NghJ Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;jtu; - Kjyhk; `hu;bd;[; gpuG. tpjit kWkzr; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;l Mz;L - 1856. ,uz;lhk; rPf;fpag; Nghu; eilngw;w Mz;L - 1848 - 1849. njhy;nghUs; Jiw ahUila Ml;rpapd; NghJ cUthf;fg;gl;lJ - ly;n`srp gpuG. jghy; kw;Wk; je;jp Kjy; ,izg;G mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l Mz;L - 1854. xt;nthhU khepyj;jpYk; nghJg; gzpj; Jiw ahUila Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ - ly;n`srp gpuG. re;jhyu;fs; vOr;rp Vw;gl;l Mz;L - 1855 - 1856. fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdpapd; filrp jiyik MSeu; ahu; - fhdpq; gpuG. gpupl;b\; ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; murg; gpujpepjp - fhdpq; gpuG. fy;fj;jh> nrd;id kw;Wk; gk;gha; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1857. fy;fj;jh> nrd;id kw;Wk; gk;gha; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; ahUila Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ - fhdpq; gpuG. tUkhd tup Kjy; Kjypy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l Mz;L - 1858. 1859Mk; Mk;L INuhg;gpa Nghu; tPuu;fspd; fpsu;r;rpf;F kw;nwhU ngau; nts;is fyfk;. t`hgp ,af;fk; ahUila fhyj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ - Kjyhk; vy;[pd; gpuG. INuhg;ghTld; yuhd;]; gpuG. ,e;jpa tdj;Jiw ahUila fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ - [hd; yuhd;]; gpuG. ,e;jpa MAjr; rl;lk; ve;j Mz;L epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ - 1878. jha;nkhop gj;jpupif rl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L - 1878. rptpy; ru;tP]; Nju;tpw;fhd taJ tuk;G 21y; ,Ue;J Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ ahUila Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ - ypl;ld; gpuG. 1. ,e;jpahtpd; njd;gFjpia cUthf;fpAs;s gPlG+kp - jf;fhz gPlG+kp 2. juq;fk;ghb Nfhl;il mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - ehfg;gl;bdk;
21

je;jp

njhlu;G

ahUila

fhyj;jpy;

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3. khq;fdpR ,e;jpahtpy; kpf mjpfkhf xuprh khepyj;jpy; fpilf;fpwJ. 4. Me;jpu gpuNjr khepyj;jpy; mike;Js;s nraw;ifNfhs; VTjsk; - =`upNfhl;lh 5. jkpo;ehl;by; khq;FNuht; fhLfs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - gpr;rhtuk; 6. ,gpd; gJ}jtpd; ehL - nkhuhf;Nfh 7. jkpo;ehl;by; kpf mjpf kio nga;Akplk; - Midkiy 8. Epilepsy Neha;f;fhd kUe;ijf; fz;lwpe;jtu; - lhf;lu; mrpkh rhl;lu;[p 9. xl;lf rthup fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - n[a;G+u; 10. Nfushtpy; ,Ue;J Nfhak;gj;J}u; nry;Yk; top - ghyf;fhL fztha; 11. cyfpy; Kjd; Kjyhf mDg;gg;gl;l nraw;iff; Nfhs; - ];Gl;dpf; 12. tpz;ntspf;Fr; nrd;w Kjy; tpyq;F - eha; 13. tpz;ntspf;Fr; nrd;w Kjy; ehapd; ngau; - iyfh 14. Kjd; Kjypy; tpz;ntspf;F nrd;w A+up fhfupd; ve;j ehl;ilr; Nru;e;jtu; - u\;ah 15. tpz;ntsp tPuu;fs; tpz;ntspapy; mzpAk; cil - ];Ng]; R+l; 16. mjpf ehl;fs; tpz;ntspapy; jq;fp gzpGupe;jtu; - Rdpjh tpy;ypak;]; 17. R+upaid tpl 320 klq;F ngupa el;rj;jpuj;ij fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - fpuTju; ghy; 18. R+upaid tpl 320 klq;F ngupa el;rj;jpuk; - khd;];lu; ];lhu; 19. jkpoj;jpd; njw;Fg; gFjpapy; cs;s fly; - ,e;jpag; ngUq;fly; 20. muRf;Fl;gl;l epWtdq;fs;- nghJj; Jiw epWtdq;fs; 21. kUj;Jt mtru Cu;jp vz; - 108 22. jPaizg;G epiya mtru cjtp vz; - 101 23. fhty; epiya mtru cjtp vz; - 100 24. ngupa efuq;fspy; cs;s cs;shl;rp mikg;G - khefuhl;rp 25. Cuhl;rp nra;J jUk; trjpfs; - njU tpsf;F> FbePu;> rhiy trjpfs; 26. ney; tpisa Njitahd kz; - tz;ly; kz; 27. ,e;jpahtpy; ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fspd; czT - muprp 28. jkpou;fspd; mbg;gil czT - muprp 29. jpz;Lf;fy; - G+l;L 30. Nryk; - khk;gok; 31. jQ;rhT+u; - jiyahl;b nghk;ik 32. nrQ;rpf; Nfhl;il mike;Js;s khtl;lk; tpOg;Guk; 33. Fw;whyk; Myak; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp 34. Ntshq;fd;dp Myak; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - ehfg;gl;bdk;
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35. Kjy; Rje;jpug; Nghupy; Mz; Ntlkpl;L Mq;fpNyaUld; Nghupl;ltu; - [hd;rp uhzp 36. Ntle;jhq;fy; mike;Js;s khtl;lk; - fhQ;rpGuk; 37. G+f;fspy; cs;s Njid cwpQ;rpf; Fbg;gJ - fUQ;rpl;L 38. VO rNfhjuu;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - jtpl;Lf; FUtp 39. rpWkiy thiog; goj;jpw;Fg; Gfo; ngw;w khtl;lk; - jpz;Lf;fy; 40. gy;yt kd;du;fspd; JiwKfkhf tpsq;fpaJ - khky;yGuk; 41. khky;yGuj;ij fl;batu;fs; - eurpk;k tu;kd; 42. kiyAk; kiyiar; rhu;e;j gFjpAk; - FwpQ;rp 43. fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j gFjpAk; - Ky;iy 44. taYk; taiyr; rhu;e;j gFjpAk; - kUjk; 45. flYk; fliyr; rhu;e;j gFjpAk; - nea;jy; 46. kzYk; kziyr; rhu;e;j gFjpAk; - ghiy P Madhu M Sc B Ed District co-ordinator, SSA, Dharmapuri.

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f\;;lj;jpYk; Neu;ikaha; ,U. eP Vkhw;wg;gl;lhYk; gpwiu Vkhw;whNj.. cd; tho; ehspNy mjd; gaid fhz;gha;..!!

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